TABLE OF
CONTENTS
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Our Product Categories |
-3- |
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Sourcing and Production |
-7- |
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Research and Development |
-8- |
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Geographic Sales Regions |
-9- |
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Government Regulation |
-17- |
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Intellectual Property |
-17- |
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Available Information |
-21- |
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ITEM 1A. |
RISK FACTORS |
-22- |
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ITEM 1B. |
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS |
-36- |
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ITEM 3. |
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
-36- |
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ITEM 4. |
SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
-37- |
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ITEM 5. |
MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY,
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |
-38- |
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ITEM 6. |
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
-38- |
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ITEM 7. |
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
-41- |
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ITEM 7A. |
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES
ABOUT MARKET RISK |
-68- |
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ITEM 8. |
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA |
-68- |
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ITEM 9. |
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
-98- |
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ITEM 9A. |
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
-98- |
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ITEM 9B. |
OTHER INFORMATION |
-99- |
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ITEM 10. |
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
-99- |
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ITEM 11. |
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION |
-99- |
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ITEM 12. |
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
-99- |
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ITEM 13. |
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND
DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE |
-99- |
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ITEM 14. |
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES |
-99- |
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ITEM 15. |
EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES |
-99- |
-i-
FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS
THIS
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K, IN PARTICULAR ITEM 7. MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, AND ITEM 1.
BUSINESS, INCLUDE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF
SECTION 21E OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED. THESE STATEMENTS REPRESENT
OUR EXPECTATIONS OR BELIEFS CONCERNING, AMONG OTHER THINGS, FUTURE REVENUE, EARNINGS,
GROWTH STRATEGIES, NEW PRODUCTS AND INITIATIVES, FUTURE OPERATIONS AND OPERATING RESULTS,
AND FUTURE BUSINESS AND MARKET OPPORTUNITIES. WE UNDERTAKE NO OBLIGATION TO PUBLICLY
UPDATE OR REVISE ANY FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENT, WHETHER AS A RESULT OF NEW INFORMATION,
FUTURE EVENTS OR OTHERWISE. WE WISH TO CAUTION AND ADVISE READERS THAT THESE STATEMENTS
INVOLVE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES THAT COULD CAUSE ACTUAL RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM
THE EXPECTATIONS AND BELIEFS CONTAINED HEREIN. FOR A SUMMARY OF CERTAIN RISKS RELATED TO
OUR BUSINESS, SEE ITEM 1A RISK FACTORS BEGINNING ON PAGE 22.
In this Annual Report on Form
10-K, references to dollars and $ are to United States dollars. Nu
Skin, Pharmanex and Big Planet are our trademarks. The italicized product names used in
this Annual Report on Form 10-K are product names and also, in certain cases, our
trademarks.
PART I
Overview
Nu
Skin Enterprises is a leading, global direct selling company with operations in 45
countries throughout Asia, the Americas and Europe. We develop and distribute premium
quality, innovative personal care products and nutritional supplements sold worldwide
under the Nu Skin and Pharmanex brands. We also market technology-related products
and services under the Big Planet brand. We operate using a direct selling model in all of
our markets with the exception of Mainland China (hereinafter China). In
China, we implemented a retail business model with employed sales representatives because
of regulatory restrictions on direct selling. However, we are in the process of
integrating direct selling into our business model in this market pursuant to recently enacted direct selling
regulations.
We
are a leading direct selling company posting 2006 revenue of $1.12 billion. As of December
31, 2006, we had a global network of approximately 761,000 active independent
distributors, sales representatives, and preferred customers, approximately 30,000 of whom
were executive level distributors or full-time sales representatives. Our executive level
distributors and full-time sales representatives play an important leadership role in our
distribution network and are critical to the growth and profitability of our business.
We
recognized approximately 87% of our revenue in markets outside the United States in 2006.
Our Japanese operations accounted for approximately 43% of our 2006 total revenue. This
markets contribution to our overall revenue, as a percentage of revenue, is lower
when compared to prior years because of growth in other markets and general business
softness in Japan the past few years. Due to the size of our foreign operations, our
results can be, and often are, impacted positively or negatively by foreign currency
fluctuations, particularly in Japan and other Asian markets, as well as economic,
political and business conditions around the world.
-1-
We
develop and market branded consumer products that we believe are well suited for direct
selling. Our distributors market and sell our products by educating consumers about the
benefits and distinguishing characteristics of our products and by offering personalized
customer service. Through dedicated research and development, we continually develop and
introduce new products that enhance our existing line of products to provide our
distributors with a differentiated product portfolio. We believe that we are able to
attract and motivate high-caliber independent distributors because of our focus on product
innovation, our attractive global compensation plan and our advanced technological
distributor support.
Our
business is subject to various laws and regulations throughout the world, in particular
with respect to network marketing activities and nutritional supplements. This creates
certain risks for our business, including regulation regarding improper activities by our
distributors or any inability to obtain necessary product registrations.
Key
to our future success is revenue growth within our markets, particularly those that are
new and developing. During the past year, we expanded operations into three new markets
including Russia, Romania and Costa Rica. To achieve our desired growth in both new and
mature markets, we are focusing on three key strategies, which include:
|
|
|
introduction
of unique tools and initiatives to motivate distributors; |
|
|
|
development
of compelling and innovative products; and |
|
|
|
recruitment
and retention of distributor leaders. |
We remain committed to providing our
distributors with unique tools and initiatives that motivate distributors and aid in
their recruitment efforts. These tools reflect our focus on delivering a product offering
with a Measurable Difference. During 2006, we continued to expand the use of
the Pharmanex® BioPhotonic Scanner
(the Scanner) on a global basis. The Scanner is based on patented technologies
that allow distributors to non-invasively measure the impact of our nutritional products.
Additionally, we recently launched the first generation Nu Skin® ProDerm Skin
Analyzer (the ProDerm Skin Analyzer), a handheld skin imaging and analysis
tool that enables distributors to demonstrate the efficacy of our skin care products by
providing a visual assessment of important skin characteristics.
Compelling
and innovative products and initiatives are vital to our companys success as they
are used as motivation for our distributors and help make them more effective in building
successful sales organizations. Our product philosophy is largely based on combating
anti-aging and we believe we have a competitive advantage in this area. Products that we
have launched or reformulated during the last few years which had a significant impact on
2006 revenue include:
|
|
|
LifePak,
a family of anti-aging nutritional supplement products aimed at providing optimal
levels of antioxidants, phytonutrients, vitamins, minerals and other vital nutrients
that help promote general wellness; |
|
|
|
g3,
a nutrient-rich juice blend containing a highly concentrated mix of carotenoid
antioxidants and micronutrients with a natural delivery system called Lipocarotenes®; |
-2-
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|
|
Nu
Skin 180°Anti-aging Skin Therapy System, designed to combat the signs of aging,
specifically targeting facial lines and wrinkles; and |
|
|
|
Tru
Face Essence, an anti-aging product featuring the ingredient Ethocyn which helps to
minimize the loss of skin elastin. |
In addition, we have continued to
expand and promote product subscription and loyalty programs in many of our markets that
provide incentives for customers to commit to purchase a set amount of products on a
monthly basis. We believe that these programs, along with a concerted focus on global
compensation plan alignment and an increased level of distributor recognition, goal
setting and accountability have helped improve customer retention in many of our markets.
Our Product Categories
We
have three product categories, each operating under its own brand. We market our
premium-quality personal care products under the Nu Skin brand, science-based nutritional
supplements under the Pharmanex brand and technology-based products and services under the
Big Planet and Photomax brands.
Presented
below are the U.S. dollar amounts and associated revenue percentages from the sale of Nu
Skin, Pharmanex and Big Planet products and services for the years ended December 31,
2004, 2005 and 2006. This table should be read in conjunction with the information
presented in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operation, which discusses the costs associated with generating the
aggregate revenue presented.
Revenue by Product
Category
(U.S. dollars in
millions)(1)
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
Product Category | |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Nu Skin |
|
$ 548.1 |
|
48.2% |
|
$ 484.3 |
|
41.0% |
|
$ 454.5 |
|
40.8% |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
Pharmanex | |
567.2 |
|
49.8 |
|
667.6 |
|
56.5 |
|
632.7 |
|
56.7 |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
Big Planet | |
22.6 |
|
2.0 |
|
29.0 |
|
2.5 |
|
28.2 |
|
2.5 |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
$ 1,137.9 |
|
100.0% |
|
$ 1,180.9 |
|
100.0% |
|
$ 1,115.4 |
|
100.0% |
|
(1) |
|
In
2006, 87% of our sales were transacted in foreign currencies that were
converted to U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes at
weighted-average exchange rates. Foreign currency fluctuations negatively
impacted reported revenue by approximately 1% in 2006 compared to 2005,
and positively impacted reported revenue by approximately 1% in 2005
compared to 2004. |
Nu
Skin. Nu Skin is our original product line and offers premium-quality personal
care products in the areas of core daily systems, customized solutions, total care, Epoch
and skin complements. Our strategy is to leverage our network marketing distribution model
to establish Nu Skin as an innovative leader in the personal care market. We are committed
to continuously improving and evolving our product formulations to incorporate innovative
and proven ingredients.
In
addition to marketing premium-quality personal care products, we are committed to
developing tools to help distributors market our products more effectively. In the second
quarter of 2006, we introduced the ProDerm Skin Analyzer, a portable proprietary skin
analysis tool that allows users to receive a personalized analysis on four different skin
attributes, including wrinkles, pore size, skin texture and discoloration. This tool
enables distributors to demonstrate the effectiveness of our skin care products by
providing close up skin images. We have launched this tool in the United States and Europe
only. An enhanced second-generation model is planned to be introduced at our upcoming
September 2007 global distributor convention and is currently being evaluated for launch
in our global markets. The new version will have improved optics, a larger image area,
sharper focus and improved electronics.
-3-
Our
leading product categories in the Nu Skin division are core daily systems, customized
solutions and total care. The following table summarizes most products included in the
current Nu Skin product line by category:
Category | |
Description | |
Selected Products | |
|
|
|
Core Daily Systems | |
Regardless of skin type, our core daily systems
provide a solid foundation for your skin's
individual needs. Our systems are developed to
target specific skin concerns and are made from
ingredients scientifically proven to provide visible
results for concerns ranging from aging to acne. | |
Nu Skin 180° Anti-Aging Skin Therapy System
Nu Skin Tri-Phasic White
Nutricentials
Nu Skin Clear Action Acne Medication System | |
|
|
|
Customized Solutions |
|
Our customized skin care line focus allows a
customer to tailor product regimens that help
deliver younger looking skin at any age. The
products are developed using cutting-edge ingredient
technologies that target specific skin care needs. |
|
Tru Face Line Corrector
Tru Face Revealing Gel
Tru Face Essence
Nu Skin Galvanic Spa System II
Enhancer
Celltrex Ultra Recovery Fluid
Celltrex CoQ10 Complete
Perennial Intense Body Moisturizer |
|
|
|
|
Total Care |
|
Our total care line addresses balance. The total
care line can be used by families
and the products are designed to deliver superior
benefits from head to toe for the ultimate sense of
total body wellness. |
|
Body Bar
Liquid Body Lufra
Dividends Men's Line
AP-24 Dental Care
DailyKind Mild Shampoo |
|
|
|
|
EPOCH |
|
Our Epoch line is distinguished by utilizing the
traditional knowledge of indigenous cultures for
skin care. Each Epoch product is formulated with
botanical ingredients derived from renewable
resources found in nature. In addition, we
contribute a percentage of our proceeds from Epoch
sales to charitable causes. |
|
Sole Solution Foot Treatment
Calming Touch Soothing Skin Cream
Firewalker Relaxing Foot Cream
Glacial Marine Mud
IceDancer Invigorating Leg Gel
Everglide Foaming Shave Gel
Ava puhi moni Shampoo
Epoch Baby |
|
-4-
Category | |
Description | |
Selected Products | |
|
|
|
Scion |
|
Available in certain markets, Scion is a line of
personal care products that provides value-oriented
solutions to meet basic grooming needs with quality
ingredients. |
|
Scion Toothpaste
Scion Two-In-One Shampoo
Scion Hand and Body Wash
Scion Moisturizing Body Lotion |
|
|
|
|
Skin Complements | |
Our skin complement line includes products that
support our skin care offerings through a variety of
premium-quality cosmetics. | |
Nu Colour Cosmetics
Concealer
Bronzing Pearls
Replenishing Lipstick
Eye Makeup Remover | |
|
| |
| |
| |
Pharmanex.
We market a variety of nutritional products comprised of comprehensive
micronutrient supplements, targeted nutritional supplements, weight management
supplements and certain specialty products under the Pharmanex brand.
LifePak, our flagship line of micronutrient and phytonutrient
supplements, accounted for 25% of our total revenue and 40% of Pharmanex revenue
in 2006.
Direct
selling has proven to be an extremely effective method of marketing our high-quality
nutritional supplements because our distributors can personally educate consumers on the
quality and benefits of our products, differentiating them from competitors
offerings. Our strategy for expanding the nutritional supplement business is to introduce
innovative, substantiated products based on extensive research and development and quality
manufacturing. Our product development efforts focus in the areas of anti-aging, weight
management and general nutrition.
In
line with our commitment to provide distributors with tools that will help them market our
products more effectively, we introduced the BioPhotonic Scanner in 2003 and have since
introduced it to nearly all of our global markets. At our global convention held in the
United States in October 2005, we unveiled the second-generation model of the Scanner (the
S2 Scanner), which is smaller, more portable and faster than its predecessor
in terms of both scan and calibration time. We have now launched the S2 throughout the
world and this tool has become a powerful tool in the hands of our distributors. In 2006
we acquired the exclusive rights to use the Scanner technology in medical settings, and as
a result, we own the rights to use the Scanner within all environments worldwide where
allowed by legal and regulatory requirements.
-5-
The
following table summarizes the current Pharmanex product lines by category:
Category | |
Description | |
Selected Products | |
|
|
|
LifePak and g3 |
|
Our LifePak family of products along with our g3
superfruit juice drink are the basis for general
health and wellness. These products supply a
complete balance of nutrients that our bodies need
to meet the demands of everyday living. |
|
LifePak Family of Products
g3 juice |
|
|
|
|
Solutions | |
Our self-care dietary supplements contain
standardized levels of botanical and other active
ingredients that are designed to provide consumers
with targeted wellness benefits. | |
Tegreen 97
ReishiMax GLp
MarineOmega
Cholestin
CordyMax Cs-4
Cortitrol
BioGingko 27/7
IgG Boost
Estera Women | |
|
|
|
Weight Management | |
Our TRA ephedra-free line of weight management
products was created to capitalize on the growing
weight management category. TRA supplements
complement any diet program including many that are
currently on the market. | |
OverDrive
FibreNet
TRA
| |
| |
| |
| |
Big Planet and Photomax. We offer high-technology products and services
centered around two product categories under the Big Planet and Photomax brands: digital
imaging and business tools. Our strategy is to provide innovative products designed
specifically for a non-technical audience.
Our
current development focus centers around the digital photography market. In 2005, we
introduced a Web-based digital photo service called Photomax, available on the web at
Photomax.com, which makes it easy for consumers to view, organize and share digital
pictures online. We also offer Photo Saver CD, Movie Magic DVD, and Picture Show
DVD, which are digital imaging services in which we convert traditional photographs
and slides into digital format, and store them on a CD and transform digital photos into
personalized movies or slide shows. In 2006 we introduced Maxcast, an online tool whereby
users can preserve, enjoy and more importantly share personal videos. Using the Maxcast
software, users can upload videos to the internet, modify, edit and share them with
family, friends or business associates. Maxcast is operational in select markets including
the United States, Europe and parts of South East Asia/Pacific.
Our
Big Planet business tools, products and services are designed to help distributors
increase their productivity by leveraging technology in the management of their direct
selling activities. By providing an assortment of business tools, distributors can better
manage and communicate with their sales force and potential customers.
-6-
The
following table summarizes the current Big Planet product lines by category:
Category | |
Description | |
Selected Products | |
|
|
|
Digital Imaging |
|
A line of online digital photography and video services designed for non-technical consumers. |
|
Picture Show DVD
Movie Magic DVD
Photo Saver CD
Photomax Web Site- online photo storage
Maxcast |
|
|
|
|
Business Tools | |
Advanced tools and services that help distributors and consumers establish an online presence and manage their businesses. | |
Global Web Page
BP Mall
ISP for U.S. - by Qwest
ISP for Japan - by Nifty
BP Internet Security | |
| |
| |
| |
We
also market a small line of home care products under the Ecosphere brand, designed to
clean and protect the home environment which include a Water Purifier, Filtering
Showerhead and Surface Wipes. These products are found primarily in our Asian
markets.
Sourcing and Production
Nu
Skin. In order to maintain high product quality, we acquire our ingredients and
contract production of our proprietary products from suppliers and manufacturers that we
believe are reliable, reputable and deliver to us high quality materials and service. We
acquire ingredients and products from one primary supplier that currently manufactures
approximately 25% of our Nu Skin personal care products. We maintain a good relationship
with our supplier and do not anticipate that either party will terminate the relationship
in the near term. We also have ongoing relationships with secondary and tertiary suppliers
who supply almost all of our remaining products and ingredients. In the event we become
unable to source any products or ingredients from our major supplier, we believe that we
would be able to produce or replace those products or substitute ingredients from our
secondary and tertiary suppliers without great difficulty or significant increases to our
cost of goods sold. Please refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors for a
discussion of risks and uncertainties associated with our supplier relationships and with
the sourcing of raw materials and ingredients.
In
2001, we established our own production facility in Shanghai, where we currently
manufacture the personal care products sold through our retail stores in China, as well as
a small portion of product exported to select other markets. If the need arose, this plant
could be expandedor other facilities could be built in Chinato produce larger
amounts of inventory for export as a back-up to our usual supply chain.
Pharmanex.
Substantially all of our Pharmanex nutritional supplements and ingredients,
including LifePak, are produced or provided by industry-leading
third-party suppliers and manufacturers. We rely on two partners for the
majority of our Pharmanex products, one of which supplies approximately 35% and
the other of which supplies approximately 22% of our nutritional supplements. In
the event we become unable to source any products or ingredients from these
suppliers or from other current vendors, we believe that we would be able to
produce or replace those products or substitute ingredients without great
difficulty or significant increases to our cost of goods sold. Please refer to
Item 1A. Risk Factors for a discussion of certain risks
and uncertainties associated with our supplier relationships, as well as with
the sourcing of raw materials and ingredients.
-7-
We
also maintain a facility located in Zhejiang Province, China, where we produce herbal
extracts for Tegreen 97, ReishiMax GLp and other products sold
globally. In 2005, we completed the build-out of a new manufacturing facility in Zhejiang
Province where we produce some of our Pharmanex nutritional supplements for sale through
our retail stores in China as well as a small portion of product exported to other
markets. We are also considering the potential expansion of our manufacturing and export
capabilities in Shanghai to the extent we conclude it necessary to supplement the output
of our existing facility. In addition, we operate a plant in Shanghai where we manufacture
our Scanners. This facility supports all of our current and anticipated future market
demands.
Big
Planet. The majority of our Big Planet and Photomax products and services are
provided by third parties, pursuant to contractual arrangements. By acting as a
private-labeled agent for other vendors, we are able to avoid the large capital investment
that would be required to build the infrastructure necessary to fulfill Big Planets
product offerings. However, our profit margins and our ability to deliver quality services
at competitive prices depend upon our ability to negotiate and maintain favorable terms
with third-party providers. In connection with our Big Planet digital photography
services, we are developing our own internal infrastructure for some of these offerings.
Research and Development
We
continually invest in our research and development capabilities. Our research and
development expenditures were approximately $8 million in 2004, $8 million in 2005 and $9
million in 2006. Because of our commitment to product innovation, we will continue to
commit resources to research and development in the future.
Our
primary research laboratory, adjacent to our office complex in Provo, Utah, houses both
Pharmanex and Nu Skin research facilities and professional and technical personnel. We
also maintain research facilities in China. Much of our Pharmanex research to date has
been conducted in China, where we benefit from a well-educated, low-cost scientific labor
pool that enables us to conduct research and clinical trials at a much lower cost than
would be possible in the United States.
We
also have collaborative relationships with numerous independent scientists, including
scientific advisory boards comprised of recognized authorities in various related
disciplines for each of our nutritional and personal care product categories. We maintain
collaborative arrangements with prominent universities and research institutions in the
United States, Europe and Asia, whose staffs include scientists with expertise in natural
product chemistry, biochemistry, dermatology, pharmacology and clinical studies. Some of
the university research centers with which we have collaborated include UC Davis, UCLA,
Stanford University, Vanderbilt University, Tufts University, Columbia University, the
University of Kansas, the University of Hong Kong School of Medicine and Taiwan Academia
Sinica.
In
addition, we evaluate a significant number of product ideas for our Nu Skin and Pharmanex
categories presented by outside sources. We utilize strategic licensing and other
relationships with vendors for access to directed research and development work for
innovative offerings.
-8-
In
order to provide high-quality nutritional supplements, Pharmanex utilizes a unique 6S
Quality Process® in our development and sourcing activities. The 6S Quality Process
enhances our ability to provide consumers with safe, effective and consistent products and
involves the following steps:
|
|
|
Selection.
Conducting a scientific review of research and databases in connection with the
selection of potential products and ingredients and determining the authenticity,
usefulness and safety standards for potential products and ingredients. |
|
|
|
Sourcing.
Investigating potential sources, evaluating the quality of sources and performing
botanical and chemical evaluations where appropriate. |
|
|
|
Structure.
Determining the structural profile of natural compounds and active ingredients. |
|
|
|
Standardization.
Standardizing the products dosage of biologically relevant active ingredients.
|
|
|
|
Safety.
Assessing safety from available research and, where necessary, performing additional
testssuch as microbial tests and chemical analysesfor toxins and heavy
metals. |
|
|
|
Substantiation.
Reviewing documented pre-clinical and clinical trials and, where necessary and
appropriate, initiating studies and clinical trials sponsored by Pharmanex. |
Geographic Sales Regions
We
currently sell and distribute our products in 45 markets, employing a direct selling model
in each of our markets except China. We have modified our geographic regions to report
Europe as a separate region as it has grown and increased its significance to our
business. Our operations are now divided into the following five geographic regions: North
Asia, Greater China, Americas, South Asia/Pacific and Europe. The following table sets
forth the revenue for each of the geographic regions for the years ended December 31,
2004, 2005 and 2006:
Revenue by Region
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
(U.S. dollars in millions) | |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
North Asia |
|
$ 640.1 | |
56% |
|
$ 649.4 |
|
55% |
|
$ 593.8 |
|
53% |
|
Greater China | |
229.8 |
|
20 |
|
236.7 |
|
20 |
|
208.2 |
|
19 |
|
Americas | |
149.6 |
|
13 |
|
162.1 |
|
14 |
|
165.9 |
|
15 |
|
South Asia/Pacific | |
81.8 |
|
7 |
|
86.7 |
|
7 |
|
88.0 |
|
8 |
|
Europe | |
36.6 |
|
4 |
|
46.0 |
|
4 |
|
59.5 |
|
5 |
|
| |
$ 1,137.9 |
|
100% |
|
$ 1,180.9
|
|
100% |
|
$ 1,115.4 |
|
100% |
|
Additional
comparative revenue and related financial information is presented in the tables captioned
Segment Information in Note 17 to our Consolidated Financial Statements. The
information from these tables is incorporated by reference in this Report.
-9-
North
Asia. The following table provides information on each of the markets in the North
Asia region, including the year it was opened, 2006 revenue and the percentage of our
total 2006 revenue for each market:
(U.S. dollars in millions) | |
Year Opened | |
2006 Revenue | |
Percentage of
2006 Revenue | |
|
|
|
|
Japan |
|
1993 |
|
$ 476.5 |
|
43% |
|
South Korea | |
1996 | |
$ 117.3 |
|
11% |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
Japan
is our largest market and accounted for approximately 43% of total revenue in 2006. We
market most of our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products in Japan, along with a limited number of
Big Planet offerings. In addition, all three product categories offer a limited number of
locally developed products sold exclusively in our Japanese market. In 2006 we launched
the S2 Scanner and g3 nutritional juice in Japan, with first quarter 2007 plans to
introduce a new anti-aging skin care product developed specifically for Japan.
In
South Korea, we offer most of our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products, along with a limited
number of Big Planet services. In 2006 we launched our g3 nutritional juice and the
latest version of our Nu Skin 180° skin treatment line, and we plan to launch the S2 the
first part of 2007.
Greater
China. The following table provides information on each of the markets in
the Greater China region, including the year it was opened, 2006 revenue and the
percentage of our total 2006 revenue for each market:
(U.S. dollars in millions) | |
Year Opened | |
2006 Revenue | |
Percentage of
2006 Revenue | |
|
|
|
|
China |
|
2003 |
|
$ 70.5 |
|
6% |
|
Taiwan | |
1992 | |
$ 93.1 |
|
8% |
|
Hong Kong | |
1991 | |
$ 44.6 |
|
4% |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
Our
Hong Kong and Taiwan operations are aligned with our global direct selling business model
and our global compensation plan. We offer a robust product offering of the majority of
our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products in Hong Kong and Taiwan, and only limited Big Planet
products and services. The majority of our revenue in these markets comes from orders
through our monthly product subscription program, which has led to improved retention of
customers and distributors and has streamlined the ordering process.
In
China, we sell many of our Nu Skin products and a locally produced value line of personal
care products under the Scion brand name. We also sell a select number of Pharmanex
products, including LifePak, and we have Scanners in each of our approximately 150
retail stores. In 2006 we launched the S2 Scanner, and our g3 nutritional juice.
We
currently do not operate under our global direct selling business model in China as a
result of regulatory restrictions on direct selling activities in this market.
Consequently, we have developed a retail sales model that utilizes an employed sales force
to sell products through fixed locations. We rely on the employed sales force to market
and sell products at the various retail locations supported by only minimal advertising
and traditional promotional efforts. Our retail model in China is largely based upon our
ability to attract customers to our retail stores through our employed sales force, to
educate them about our products through frequent training meetings, and to obtain repeat
purchases from the sales employees and their customers. Our retail model only allows for
product sales to be transacted within our retail stores. We currently have approximately 150 retail
locations in operation. The compensation and salary of an employed sales representative is
determined based on a variety of factors including the sales productivity of the sales
representative and the other representatives he trains and supervises. While our
distributor leaders from other markets are able to introduce customers and sales people to
our stores, their promotional efforts are limited due to the restrictions on direct
selling in this market.
-10-
We
employed approximately 6,400 sales representatives in China as of December 31, 2006.
Although we enter into labor contracts with all potential new sales representatives, only
a small percentage complete the qualification process, become full-time sales
representatives and continue as such for an extended period of time. We provide these
potential new sales representatives with a minimum base pay and other labor benefits.
In
September of 2005, the Chinese government announced the adoption of new direct selling
regulations that allow sales away from a fixed location through independent contractors,
subject to various requirements and restrictions, including restrictions on the ability to
pay multi-level compensation. In July of 2006, we received approval from the Chinese
national government to conduct direct selling in Shanghai. We
subsequently obtained the necessary local approvals and commenced direct selling
activities in Shanghai in January 2007. We are now allowed to conduct larger training and
promotional meetings in Shanghai and to engage an entry-level, non-employee sales force
that can sell products away from fixed retail locations. Since the direct selling
regulations prohibit the use of multi-level compensation plans, we compensate these
independent contractors based on their personal selling efforts only. Our direct sales
model is structured in a manner that we believe is complementary to our existing retail
sales/employee sales representative model. Our independent direct sellers, for example,
will have the opportunity to become employed sales representatives upon developing sales
skills and a good customer base.
We are currently in the
process of seeking necessary approvals to expand our direct selling model into additional
provinces throughout China. The licensing process includes a requirement that we establish
service centers that will primarily be used to provide a product return
location. We expect that our retail stores and offices will qualify as service centers,
but we plan to add small service centers as necessary as the process unfolds. For a more
detailed discussion regarding the direct selling approval process, please refer to the
section below entitled, Government Regulation Direct Selling
Activities. For more information concerning the regulatory risks associated
with our operations in China. Please refer to Item 1A. "Risk Factors."
Americas.
The following table provides information on each of the markets in the North
America region, including the year it was opened, 2006 revenue and the
percentage of our total 2006 revenue for each market:
(U.S. dollars in millions) | |
Year Opened | |
2006 Revenue | |
Percentage of
2006 Revenue | |
|
|
|
|
United States |
|
1984 |
|
$ 147.1 |
|
13% |
|
Canada | |
1990 | |
$ 10.0 |
|
1% |
|
Latin America(1) | |
1990 | |
$ 8.8 |
|
1% |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
(1) |
|
Latin
America includes Brazil, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras
and Mexico. |
-11-
Substantially
all of our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products, as well as our Big Planet products and
services, are available for sale in the United States. In 2006 we introduced the S2
Scanner and the ProDerm Skin Analyzer in the United States. During 2006, we continued to
invest in our Latin America business, opening Costa Rica early in the year.
South
Asia/Pacific. The following table provides information on each of the
markets in the South Asia/Pacific region, including the year it was opened, 2006 revenue
and the percentage of our total 2006 revenue for each market:
(U.S. dollars in millions) | |
Year Opened | |
2006 Revenue | |
Percentage of
2006 Revenue | |
|
|
|
|
Singapore/Malaysia/Brunei |
|
2000/2001/2004 |
|
$ 33.2 |
|
3% |
|
Thailand | |
1997 | |
$ 26.5 |
|
2% |
|
Australia/New Zealand | |
1993 | |
$ 14.2 |
|
1% |
|
Indonesia | |
2005 | |
$ 10.3 |
|
1% |
|
Philippines | |
1998 | |
$ 3.8 |
|
* |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
We
offer a majority of our Pharmanex and Nu Skin products in South Asia/Pacific. Marketing
initiatives in South Asia/Pacific have centered on monthly product subscription orders,
the Scanner and our g3 nutritional drink.
Europe.
The following table provides information on our Europe region, including the
year it was opened, revenue for 2006 and the percentage of our total 2006
revenue for the region:
(U.S. dollars in millions) | |
Year Opened | |
2006 Revenue | |
Percentage of
2006 Revenue | |
|
|
|
|
Europe(1) |
|
1995 |
|
$ 59.5 |
|
5% |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
(1) |
|
Europe
includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary,
Ireland, Iceland, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. |
We
currently operate in 19 countries throughout Northern, Eastern and Central Europe and
offer a full range of Nu Skin, Pharmanex and Big Planet products. Various products and
distributor tools have contributed to Europes recent success, including the Scanner,
g3, and the Nu Skin® Galvanic Spa System II. We have been experiencing
strong growth in central European markets, and have benefited from recently opened markets
in Russia, Israel, and Eastern Europe. In early 2007, we also opened operations in
Switzerland with plans to continue investment in growth initiatives throughout Europe.
-12-
Distribution
Overview.
The foundation of our sales philosophy and distribution system is network
marketing. We sell our products through independent distributors who are not
employees, except in China where we sell our products through employed retail
sales representatives. Our distributors generally purchase products from us for
resale to consumers and for personal consumption.
Network
marketing is an effective vehicle to distribute our products because:
|
|
|
distributors
can educate consumers about our products in person, which we believe is more effective
for premium-quality, differentiated products than using television and print
advertisements; |
|
|
|
direct
sales allow for actual product testing by potential customers; |
|
|
|
there
is greater opportunity for distributor and customer testimonials; and |
|
|
|
as
compared to other distribution methods, our distributors can provide customers higher
levels of service and encourage repeat purchases. |
Active
distributors under our global compensation plan are those distributors who have
purchased products for resale or personal consumption during the previous three months. In
addition, we have implemented preferred customer programs in many of our
markets, which allow customers to purchase productsgenerally on a monthly product
subscription basisdirectly from us. We include preferred customers who have
purchased products during the previous three months in
our active distributor numbers. While preferred customers are legally very
different from distributors, both are considered customers of our products.
Executive-level
distributors under our global compensation plan are those distributors who are most
seriously pursuing the direct selling opportunity and must achieve and maintain specified
personal and group sales volumes each month. Once an individual becomes an executive-level
distributor, he or she can begin to take full advantage of the benefits of commission
payments on personal and group sales volume. As a result of direct selling restrictions in
China, we have implemented a modified business model utilizing retail stores and an
employed sales force. (See the discussion on China in Geographic Sales
Regions.) Employed full-time sales representatives are those sales representatives
that have completed a qualification process. These sales representatives have a monthly
volume commitment that is about 50% of the dollar amount of an executive-level
distributors monthly volume commitment under our global compensation plan.
Throughout this annual report, we include employed, full-time sales representatives in
China in our executive-level distributor numbers in order to provide some
level of comparison between our China model and our global direct selling model.
-13-
Our
revenue is highly dependent upon the number and productivity of our distributors. Growth
in sales volume requires an increase in the productivity and/or growth in the total number
of distributors. As of December 31, 2006, we had approximately 761,000 active distributors
of our products and services. Approximately 30,000 of these distributors were
executive-level distributors. As of each of the dates indicated below, we had the
following number of executive distributors in the referenced regions:
Total Number of Executive
Distributors by Region
Region | |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
North Asia |
|
16,637 |
|
16,129 |
|
15,354 |
|
Greater China | |
8,827 |
|
7,134 |
|
6,492 |
|
Americas | |
3,473 |
|
3,893 |
|
4,141 |
|
South Asia/Pacific | |
2,076 |
|
2,043 |
|
2,169 |
|
Europe | |
1,003 |
|
1,272 |
|
1,600 |
|
Total | |
32,016 |
|
30,471 |
|
29,756 |
|
Sponsoring.
We rely on our distributors to recruit and sponsor new distributors of our
products. While we provide Internet support, product samples, brochures,
magazines and other sales materials at cost, distributors are primarily
responsible for recruiting and educating new distributors with respect to
products, our global compensation plan and how to build a successful
distributorship.
The
sponsoring of new distributors creates multiple levels in a network marketing structure.
Individuals that a distributor sponsors are referred to as downline or
sponsored distributors. If downline distributors also sponsor new
distributors, they create additional levels in the structure, but their downline
distributors remain in the same downline network as their original sponsoring distributor.
Sponsoring
activities are not required of distributors and we do not pay any commissions for
sponsoring new distributors. However, because of the financial incentives provided to
those who succeed in building and mentoring a distributor network that resells and
consumes products, many of our distributors attempt, with varying degrees of effort and
success, to sponsor additional distributors. People often become distributors after using
our products as regular customers. Once a person becomes a distributor, he or she is able
to purchase products directly from us at wholesale prices. The distributor is also
entitled to sponsor other distributors in order to build a network of distributors and
product users. A potential distributor must enter into a standard distributor agreement,
which obligates the distributor to abide by our policies and procedures.
Global
Compensation Plan. One of our competitive advantages is our global sales
compensation plan. Under our global compensation plan, a distributor is paid consolidated
monthly commissions in the distributors home country, in local currency, for the
distributors own product sales and for product sales in that distributors
downline distributor network across all geographic markets. Because of restrictions on
direct selling in China, our full-time employed sales representatives there do not
participate in the global compensation plan, but are instead compensated according to a
retail sales model established for that market. Additionally, while global distributor
leaders are compensated based on sales activity of preferred customers and sales employees
in China, sales in China do not accrue to satisfy applicable sales volume requirements
within the global compensation plan.
Commissions
on the sale of an individual Nu Skin or Pharmanex product can exceed 50% of the wholesale
price. The actual payout percentage, however, varies depending on a distributors
level within the global compensation plan. On a global basis, the overall payout on these
products has typically averaged approximately 41% to 43%. We believe that our commission
payout as a percentage of total sales is among the most generous paid by major direct
selling companies.
-14-
From
time to time, we make modifications and enhancements to our global compensation plan to
help motivate distributors. In addition, we evaluate a limited number of distributor
requests on a monthly basis for exceptions to the terms and conditions of the global
compensation plan, including volume requirements. While our general policy is to
discourage exceptions, we believe that the flexibility to grant exceptions is critical in
retaining distributor loyalty and dedication.
High
Level of Distributor Incentives. Based upon managements knowledge of our
competitors distributor compensation plans, we believe our global compensation plan
is among the most financially rewarding plans offered by leading direct selling companies.
There are two fundamental ways in which our distributors can earn money:
|
|
|
through
retail markups on sales of products purchased by distributors at wholesale; and |
|
|
|
through
a series of commissions on product sales. |
Each
of our products carries a specified number of sales volume points. Commissions are based
on total personal and group sales volume points per month. Sales volume points are
generally based upon a products wholesale cost, net of any point-of-sale taxes. As a
distributors business expands to successfully sponsoring other distributors into the
businesswho in turn expand their own businessesa distributor receives a higher
percentage of commissions. An executives commissions can increase substantially as
multiple downline distributors achieve executive status. In determining commissions, the
number of levels of downline distributors included in an executives commissionable
group increases as the number of executive distributorships directly below the executive
increases.
Distributor
Support. We are committed to providing high-level support services tailored to the
needs of our distributors in each market. We attempt to meet the needs and build the
loyalty of distributors by providing personalized distributor services and by maintaining
a generous product return policy. Because the majority of our distributors are part time
and have only a limited number of hours each week to concentrate on their business, we
believe that maximizing a distributors efforts by providing effective distributor
support has been, and will continue to be, important to our success.
Through
training meetings, distributor conventions, Web-based messages, distributor focus groups,
regular telephone conference calls and other personal contacts with distributors, we seek
to understand and satisfy the needs of our distributors. We provide walk-in, telephonic
and computerized product fulfillment and tracking services that result in user-friendly,
timely product distribution. Several of our walk-in retail centers maintain meeting rooms,
which our distributors may utilize for training and sponsoring activities. Because of our
efficient distribution system, we do not believe that most of our distributors maintain a
significant inventory of our products.
Rules
Affecting Distributors. We closely monitor regulations and distributor activity in
each market to ensure our distributors comply with local laws. Our published distributor
policies and procedures establish the rules that distributors must follow in each market.
We also monitor distributor activity to maintain a level playing field for our
distributors, ensuring that some are not disadvantaged by the activities of others. We
require our distributors to present products and business opportunities ethically and
professionally. Distributors further agree that their presentations to customers must be
consistent with, and limited to, the product claims and representations made in our
literature.
Distributors
must represent to us that their receipt of commissions is based on retail sales and
substantial personal sales efforts. We must produce or pre-approve all sales aids used by
distributors such as videotapes, audiotapes, brochures and promotional clothing.
Distributors may not use any form of media advertising to promote products. Products may
be promoted only by personal contact or by literature produced or approved by us.
Distributors may not use our trademarks or other intellectual property without our
consent.
-15-
Except
in China, products generally may not be sold, and our business opportunities may not be
promoted, in traditional retail environments. We have made an exception to this rule by
allowing some of our Pharmanex products to be sold in independently owned pharmacies and
drug stores meeting specified requirements. Distributors who own or are employed by a
service-related businesssuch as a doctors office, hair salon or health
clubmay make products available to regular customers as long as products are not
displayed visibly to the general public in a manner to attract the general public into the
establishment to purchase products.
In
order to qualify for commission bonuses, our distributors generally must satisfy specific
requirements including achieving at least 100 points, which is approximately $100 in
personal sales volume per month. In addition, individual markets may have requirements
specific to that country based on regulatory concerns. For example, in the United States,
distributors must also:
|
|
|
document
retail sales or customer connections to established numbers of retail customers; and |
|
|
|
sell
and/or consume at least 80% of personal sales volume. |
We
systematically review reports of alleged distributor misbehavior. If we determine one of
our distributors has violated any of our policies or procedures, we may terminate the
distributors rights completely. Alternatively, we may impose sanctions, such as
warnings, probation, withdrawal or denial of an award, suspension of privileges of a
distributorship, fines and/or withholding of commissions until specified conditions are
satisfied, or other appropriate injunctive relief.
Product
Returns. We believe we are among the most consumer-protective companies in the
direct selling industry. While the regulations and our operations vary somewhat from
country to country, we generally follow a similar procedure for product returns. For 30
days from the date of purchase, our product return policy generally allows a retail
customer to return any Nu Skin or Pharmanex product to us directly or to the distributor
through whom the product was purchased for a full refund. After 30 days from the date of
purchase, the end users return privilege is at the discretion of the distributor.
Our distributors can generally return unused products directly to us for a 90% refund for
one year. Through 2006, our experience with actual product returns averaged less than 5%
of annual revenue.
Payment.
Distributors generally pay for products prior to shipment. Accordingly, we carry
minimal accounts receivable. Distributors typically pay for products in cash, by
wire transfer or by credit card. Cash, which represents a significant portion of
all payments, is received by order takers in the distribution centers or retail
stores in China when orders are placed.
Competition
Direct
Selling Companies. We compete with other direct selling organizations, some of
which have a longer operating history and higher visibility, name recognition and
financial resources than we do. The leading direct selling companies in our existing
markets are Avon and Alticor (Amway). We compete for new distributors on the strength of
our multiple business opportunities, product offerings, global compensation plan,
management, and our international operations. In order to successfully compete in this
market and attract and retain distributors, we must maintain the attractiveness of our
business opportunities to our distributors.
-16-
Nu
Skin and Pharmanex Products. The markets for our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products
are highly competitive. Our competitors include manufacturers and marketers of personal
care and nutritional products, pharmaceutical companies and other direct selling
organizations, many of which have longer operating histories and greater name recognition
and financial resources than we do. We compete in these markets by emphasizing the
innovation, value and premium quality of our products and the convenience of our
distribution system. We focus on delivering a product offering with a Measurable
Difference and provide our distributors with powerful tools that allow them to
demonstrate the effectiveness of our nutritional and personal care products.
Big
Planet Products and Services. The markets for our Big Planet products and
services are also highly competitive. Many of our competitors for these products and
services have much greater name recognition and financial resources than we do. We compete
in this market by delivering products that are more user friendly than those of our
competitors, by developing unique features and product interfaces, by partnering with
leading technology vendors whose competitive positioning can assist us and by leveraging
our direct selling channel strengths. The market for technology and telecommunication
products is very price sensitive, so we rely on our ability to acquire quality services
from vendors at prices that allow our distributors to sell at competitive prices while
still generating attractive commissions.
Intellectual Property
Our
major trademarks are registered in the United States and in each country where we operate
or have plans to operate, and we consider trademark protection to be very important to our
business. Our major trademarks include Nu Skin, Pharmanex, Big Planet and LifePak. In
addition, a number of our products and tools, including the Scanner, are based on
proprietary technologies and formulations, some of which are patented or licensed from
third parties. We also rely on trade secret protection to protect our proprietary formulas
and know-how. Our business is not substantially dependent on any single licensed
technology from any third party.
Government Regulation
Direct
Selling Activities. Direct selling activities are regulated by various federal,
state and local governmental agencies in the United States and foreign countries. These
laws and regulations are generally intended to prevent fraudulent or deceptive schemes,
often referred to as pyramid schemes, that compensate participants for
recruiting additional participants irrespective of product sales, use high-pressure
recruiting methods and/or do not involve legitimate products. The laws and regulations in
our current markets often:
|
|
|
impose
cancellation/product return, inventory buy-backs and cooling-off rights for consumers and
distributors; |
|
|
|
require
us or our distributors to register with governmental agencies; |
|
|
|
impose
reporting requirements; and |
|
|
|
impose
upon us requirements, such as requiring distributors to maintain levels of retail sales
to qualify to receive commissions, to ensure that distributors are being compensated for
sales of products and not for recruiting new distributors. |
-17-
The
laws and regulations governing direct selling are modified from time to time, and, like
other direct selling companies, we are subject from time to time to government
investigations in our various markets related to our direct selling activities. This can
require us to make changes to our business model and aspects of our global compensation
plan in the markets impacted by such changes and investigations. Based on research
conducted in existing markets, the nature and scope of inquiries from government
regulatory authorities and our history of operations in those markets to date, we believe
our method of distribution complies in all material respects with the laws and regulations
related to direct selling of the countries in which we currently operate.
The
Federal Trade Commission in the United States has recently proposed new regulations which
would impose additional disclosure requirements and waiting periods before a person could
sign up to become a distributor. The direct selling industry association has filed
comments objecting to many of the restrictive and burdensome requirements in these
proposed regulations and is working to get the FTC to change its proposal.
As
a result of restrictions in China on direct selling activities, we have implemented a retail store
model utilizing an employed sales force. The regulatory environment in China is complex.
Because we operate a direct selling model outside of China, our operations in China have
attracted significant regulatory and media scrutiny since we expanded our operations there
in January 2003. Regulations are subject to discretionary interpretation by municipal and
provincial level regulators. Interpretations of what constitutes permissible activities by
regulators can vary from province to province and can change from time to time because of
the lack of clarity in the rules regarding direct selling activities. China recently
adopted new direct selling and anti-pyramiding regulations that are restrictive and
contain various limitations, including a restriction on the ability to pay multi-level
compensation to independent distributors.
Because
of the Chinese governments significant concerns about direct selling activities, it
scrutinizes very closely activities of direct selling companies. The scrutiny has
increased following adoption of the new direct selling and anti-pyramiding regulations and
our business continues to be subject to reviews and investigations by municipal and
provincial level regulators. At times, investigations and related actions by government
regulators have impeded our ability to conduct business in certain locations, and have
resulted in a few cases in fines being paid by our company. In each of these cases, we
have been allowed to recommence operations after the governments investigation, and
no material changes to our business model were required in connection with these fines and
impediments. We also expect to receive continued guidance and direction from regulators to
address necessary to comply with the new direct selling regulations. Please refer to Item 1A. "Risk Factors" for
more information on the
regulatory risks associated with our business in China.
In July of 2006, we received national governmental approval to conduct direct selling in Shanghai.
In January of 2007, we obtained necessary local approvals and commenced
direct selling in eight districts within Shanghai. During the next few
quarters we will be focusing our efforts on expanding our direct selling model into other
provinces throughout China. Because direct selling was only recently authorized in
Mainland China, the regulatory environment with respect to direct selling in this market
remains fluid and the process for obtaining the necessary governmental approvals to
conduct direct selling continues to evolve. The regulations and processes in some
circumstances have been interpreted differently by different governmental authorities. In
order to expand our direct selling model into additional provinces we currently must
obtain a series of approvals from the Departments of Commerce in such provinces, the
Shanghai Department of Commerce (Nu Skin Chinas supervisory authority), as well as
the Departments of Commerce in each city and district in which we plan to operate. We also
are required to obtain the approval of the State Ministry of Commerce, which is the
national governmental authority overseeing direct selling. Please refer to Item 1A. "Risk Factors" for
more information on the
risks associated with our planned expansion of direct selling in China;
-18-
As we are being required to work with
such a large number of provincial, city, district and national governmental authorities,
we have found that it is taking more time than anticipated to work through the approval
process with these authorities. These authorities have broad discretion in interpreting
the regulations and granting necessary approvals. A delay in obtaining approvals at one
level can delay our ability to obtain approvals at the next level. In addition, we have
received some indications from the national government authorities that they intend to
review and monitor the operations of an approved direct selling company during an
evaluation period before granting approvals to such company to expand into additional
provinces as regulators continue to closely monitor the development of direct selling in
China. The complexity of the approval process as well as the governments continued
cautious approach as direct selling develops in China makes it difficult to predict the
timeline for obtaining these approvals. Please refer to Item 1A. "Risk Factors" for more information
on the risks that these regulations could have on our business.
Regulation
of Our Products. Our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products and related promotional and
marketing activities are subject to extensive governmental regulation by numerous domestic
and foreign governmental agencies and authorities, including the FDA, the FTC, the
Consumer Product Safety Commission, the United States Department of Agriculture, State
Attorneys General and other state regulatory agencies in the United States, and the
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan and similar government agencies in each
market in which we operate. For example, in Japan, the Ministry of Health, Labor and
Welfare requires us to have an import business license and to register each personal care
product imported into Japan. In Taiwan, all medicated cosmetic and
pharmaceutical products require registration. In China, personal care products are placed
into one of two categories, general and drug. Products in both
categories require submission of formulas and other information with the health
authorities, and drug products require human clinical studies. The product registration
process in China for these products can take from nine to more than 18 months. Such
regulations in any given market can limit our ability to import products and can delay
product launches as we go through the registration and approval process for those
products. The sale of cosmetic products is regulated in the European Union under the
European Union Cosmetics Directive, which requires a uniform application for foreign
companies making personal care product sales.
Our
Pharmanex products are subject to various regulations promulgated by government agencies
in the markets in which we operate. In the United States, laboratory analysis by
governmental authorities, and the product registration process for these products are
regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. Since these products are regulated as
foods under the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act, we are generally
not required to obtain regulatory approval prior to introducing a product into the United
States market. None of this infringes, however, upon the FDAs power to remove an
unsafe substance from the market. In our foreign markets, the products are generally
regulated by similar government agencies, such as the Ministry of Health and Welfare in
Japan and the Department of Health in Taiwan. We typically market our Pharmanex products
in international markets as foods or health foods under applicable regulatory regimes. In
the event a product, or an ingredient in a product, is classified as a drug or
pharmaceutical product in any market, we will generally not be able to distribute that
product in that market through our distribution channel because of strict restrictions
applicable to drug and pharmaceutical products. China has some of the most restrictive
nutritional supplement product regulations. Products marketed as health foods
are subject to extensive laboratory analysis by governmental authorities, and the product
registration process for these products takes approximately two years. We market both
health foods and general foods in China. Our flagship product,
LifePak, is currently marketed as a general food with only one of the three main
capsules having received health food classification. Currently, general
foods is not an approved category for direct selling; therefore, we will only market
LifePak through our retail stores until final health food classification for
LifePak is obtained for the two other capsules. Additionally, there is some risk
associated with the common practice in China of marketing a product as a general
food while seeking health food classification. If government officials
feel our categorization of our products is inconsistent with product claims, ingredients
or function, this could limit our ability to market such products in China in their
current form.
-19-
The
markets in which we operate all have varied regulations that distinguish foods and
nutritional health supplements from drugs or pharmaceutical
products. Because of the varied regulations, some products or ingredients that are
considered a food in certain markets may be treated as a
pharmaceutical in other markets. In Japan, for example, if a specified
ingredient is not listed as a food by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, we
must either modify the product to eliminate or substitute that ingredient, or petition the
government to treat such ingredient as a food. We experience similar issues in our other
markets. As a result, we must often modify the ingredients and/or the levels of
ingredients in our products for certain markets. In some circumstances, the regulations in
foreign markets may require us to obtain regulatory approval prior to introduction of a
new product. Because of negative publicity associated with some supplements, such
as ephedra (which we have never marketed) and other potentially harmful
ingredients, there has been an increased movement in the United States and other markets
to expand the regulation of dietary supplements, which could impose additional
restrictions or requirements in the future.
Most
of our major markets also regulate advertising and product claims regarding the efficacy
of products. This is particularly true with respect to our dietary supplements because we
typically market them as foods or health foods. Accordingly, these regulations can limit
our ability to inform consumers of the full benefits of our products. For example, in the
United States, we are unable to claim that any of our nutritional supplements will
diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat or prevent disease. In most of our foreign markets we are
not able to make any medicinal claims with respect to our Pharmanex products.
In the United States, the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, however, permits
substantiated, truthful and non-misleading statements of nutritional support to be made in
labeling, such as statements describing general well-being resulting from consumption of a
dietary ingredient or the role of a nutrient or dietary ingredient in affecting or
maintaining a structure or a function of the body. Most of the other markets in which we
operate have not adopted similar legislation and we may be subject to more restrictive
limitations on the claims we can make about our products in these markets. For example, in
Japan, our nutritional supplements are marketed as food products, which significantly
limits our ability to make any claims regarding these products. In addition, all product
claims must be substantiated.
To
date, we have not experienced any difficulty maintaining our import licenses. However, due
to the varied regulations governing the manufacture and sale of nutritional products in
the various markets, we have found it necessary to reformulate many of our products or
develop new products in order to comply with such local requirements. In the United
States, we are also subject to a consent decree with the FTC and various state regulatory
agencies arising out of investigations that occurred in the early 1990s of certain alleged
unsubstantiated product and earnings claims made by our distributors. The consent decree
requires us to, among other things, supplement our procedures to enforce our policies, not
allow our distributors to make earnings representations without making certain average
earnings disclosures, and not allow our distributors to make unsubstantiated product
claims.
-20-
Regulation
of Our Business Tools. One of our strategies is to develop
technologically-advanced business tools designed to help our distributors effectively
market our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products. For example, during the last several years we
have introduced the Scanner in many of our markets around the world. We have also launched
an initial version of the ProDerm Skin Analyzer in the United States
and Europe in 2006, and we are planning a global launch of an enhanced version of this
tool starting in late 2007. These tools are subject to the regulations of various health,
consumer protection and other governmental authorities around the world. These regulations
vary from market to market and affect whether our business tools are required to be
registered as medical devices, the claims that can be made with respect to these tools,
who can use them and where they can be used. We have been subject to regulatory inquiries
in the United States, Japan and other countries with respect to the status of the Scanner
as a non-medical device. Any determination that medical device clearance is required could
require us to expend significant time and resources in order to meet the stringent
standards imposed on medical device companies. We are also subject to regulatory
constraints on the claims that can be made with respect to the use of our business tools.
In Japan, for example, we are limited in our ability to tie the Scanner measurement
directly to the consumption of our nutrition products. We expect to face similar
regulatory issues in Japan and other markets with respect to the ProDerm Skin Analyzer
in the event we decide to launch this tool in these markets.
Other
Regulatory Issues. As a United States entity operating through subsidiaries in
foreign jurisdictions, we are subject to foreign exchange control, transfer pricing and
custom laws that regulate the flow of funds between us and our subsidiaries and for
product purchases, management services and contractual obligations, such as the payment of
distributor commissions.
As
is the case with most companies that operate in our product categories, we receive from
time to time inquiries from government regulatory authorities regarding the nature of our
business and other issues, such as compliance with local direct selling, transfer pricing,
customs, taxation, foreign exchange control, securities and other laws. Negative publicity
resulting from inquiries into our operations by United States and state government
agencies in the early 1990s, stemming in part from alleged inappropriate product and
earnings claims by distributors, and in the late 1990s resulting from adverse media
attention in South Korea, harmed our business.
Employees
As
of December 31, 2006, we had approximately 11,360 full- and part-time employees worldwide,
approximately 6,400 of whom are employed as sales representatives in our China operations.
We also had labor contracts with approximately 3,400 potential new sales representatives
in China, only a small percentage of whom are expected to complete the qualification
process and become full-time sales representatives. None of our employees are represented
by a union or other collective bargaining group, with the exception of the limited number
of employees involved in our operations in Brazil. We believe that our relationship with
our employees is good, and we do not foresee a shortage in qualified personnel necessary
to operate our business.
Available Information
Our
Internet address is www.nuskinenterprises.com. We make available free of charge on
or through our Internet website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form
10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished
pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as
reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to,
the Securities and Exchange Commission.
-21-
Note
Regarding Forward-Looking Statements. Certain statements made in this
filing under the caption Item 1- Business are forward-looking
statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended (the Exchange Act). In addition, when used in this Report the words
or phrases will likely result, expect, intend,
will continue, anticipate, estimate,
project, believe and similar expressions are intended to identify
forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Exchange Act.
Forward-looking
statements include plans and objectives of management for future operations, including
plans and objectives relating to our products and future economic performance in countries
where we operate. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and are
based on certain assumptions that may not be realized. Actual results and outcomes may
differ materially from those discussed or anticipated. We assume no responsibility or
obligation to update these statements to reflect any changes. The forward-looking
statements and associated risks set forth herein relate to, among other things:
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our
plans to launch or continue to roll out or promote various products, tools, and
initiatives, including the S2 Scanner and the ProDerm Skin Analyzer ; |
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the
expectation that our relationship with our current primary suppliers will not end in the
near term, and the belief that we could produce or source our personal care products from
other suppliers and expand manufacturing capabilities in China, and replace our primary
suppliers of Pharmanex products without great difficulty or increased cost; |
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our
belief that we can produce sufficient Scanners in our manufacturing facility in China to
support current and anticipated future market demands; |
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our
plans to continue to develop and introduce new, innovative products and to improve and
evolve our existing product formulations; |
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our
plans to commit resources to research and development in the future; |
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our
belief that providing effective distributor support will be important to our success; |
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our
plans to further expand our direct selling model throughout China, including our
expectation that our retail stores will qualify as service centers and our
plans to add service centers throughout China as necessary; and |
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our
belief that we do not currently foresee a shortage in qualified personnel necessary to
operate our business. |
These
and other forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties
including those described below under Risk Factors and in Item 7.
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operation.
-22-
We
face a number of substantial risks. Our business, financial condition or results of
operations could be harmed by any of these risks. The trading price of our common stock
could decline due to any of these risks, and they should be considered in connection with
the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These risk factors
should be read together with the other items in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including
Item 1. Business and Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.
Currency exchange rate
fluctuations could lower our revenue and net income.
In
2006 we recognized approximately 87% of our revenue in markets outside of the United
States in each markets respective local currency. We purchase inventory primarily in
the United States in U.S. dollars. In preparing our financial statements, we translate
revenue and expenses in foreign countries from their local currencies into U.S. dollars
using weighted-average exchange rates. If the U.S. dollar strengthens relative to local
currencies, particularly the Japanese yen inasmuch as we generated approximately 43% of
our 2006 revenue in Japan, our reported revenue, gross profit and net income will likely
be reduced. During the last couple of years we have experienced an overall weakening of
the Japanese yen, which has harmed our results. Given the global, complex political and
economic dynamics that affect exchange rate fluctuations, we cannot estimate future
fluctuations and the effect these fluctuations may have upon future reported results or
our overall financial condition. In the event the Japanese yen or other foreign currencies
weaken further, our results in 2007 would be
negatively impacted. Although we attempt to reduce our exposure to short-term exchange
rate fluctuations by using foreign currency exchange rate contracts for the Japanese yen,
we cannot be certain these contracts or any other hedging activity will effectively reduce
exchange rate exposure.
Because our Japanese operations
account for a significant part of our business, adverse changes in our business operations
in Japan would harm our business.
Approximately
43% of our 2006 revenue was generated in Japan. We have experienced declines in our
business in this market during the past 18 months, and many of our competitors have seen
their businesses in this market contract in the last few years. We believe our operating
results have been negatively impacted by a variety of factors, including the unanticipated
impact of compensation plan changes, regulatory issues, and production difficulties. Our
financial results would be harmed and our business could continue to decline if our
products, business opportunity or planned growth initiatives do not retain and generate
continued interest and enthusiasm among our distributors and consumers in this market. We
have implemented several initiatives, including the launch of the second generation
BioPhotonic Scanner and compensation plan changes, and have other initiatives planned to
help renew growth in this market. If these and other planned initiatives are delayed, are
impacted by regulatory constraints or do not generate distributor excitement or attract
new distributors or customers in Japan, it may limit our prospects for renewed growth in
that market and harm our financial results. For example, we have elected to wait until we
have completed an enhanced version of the Nu Skin® ProDerm Skin Analyzer before
implementing this initiative in Japan, which likely will not occur until at least the
latter part of 2007. While we believe that we will be able to use the ProDerm Skin
Analyzer in Japan to provide before and after pictures for consumers to demonstrate the
effectiveness of our products, the manner in which the ProDerm may be used will be subject
to significant restrictions in this market. There is also a risk that regulators could
prohibit our use of the ProDerm in this market if they believe our distributors are or
will use it to conduct skin analysis of their customers, or make medical claims or product
recommendations based on the use of the ProDerm.
If we are unable to retain our
existing independent distributors and recruit additional distributors, our revenue will
not increase and may even decline.
We
distribute almost all of our products through our independent distributors (and
China sales representatives) and we depend on them to generate virtually all of our
revenue. Our distributors may terminate their services at any time, and, like most direct
selling companies, we experience high turnover among distributors from year to year. As a
result, in order to maintain sales and increase sales in the future, we need to continue
to retain existing distributors and recruit additional distributors. To increase our
revenue, we must increase the number of and/or the productivity of our distributors.
-23-
We
have experienced periodic declines in both active distributors and executive distributors
in the past. The number of our active and executive distributors may not increase and
could decline again in the future. While we take many steps to help train, motivate and
retain distributors, we cannot accurately predict how the number and productivity of
distributors may fluctuate because we rely primarily upon our distributor leaders to
recruit, train and motivate new distributors. Our operating results could be harmed if we
and our distributor leaders do not generate sufficient interest in our business to retain
existing distributors and attract new distributors.
The number and productivity of our distributors also depends on several additional
factors, including:
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any
adverse publicity regarding us, our products, our distribution channel or our competitors; |
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a
lack of interest in, or the technical failure of, existing or new products; |
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lack
of a sponsoring story that effectively draws new people into the business; |
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the
public's perception of our products and their ingredients; |
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the
public's perception of our distributors and direct selling businesses in general; |
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our
actions to enforce our policies and procedures; |
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general
economic and business conditions; and |
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potential
saturation or maturity levels in a given country or market which could negatively impact
our ability to attract and retain distributors in such market. |
Our
operating results could be adversely affected if our existing and new business
opportunities and incentives, products, business tools and other initiatives do not
generate sufficient enthusiasm and economic incentive to retain our existing distributors
or to sponsor new distributors on a sustained basis. In addition, in our mature markets,
one of the challenges we face is keeping distributor leaders with established businesses
and high income levels motivated and actively engaged in business building activities and
developing new distributor leaders. There can be no assurance that our initiatives such as
the Scanner and others will generate excitement among our distributors in the long-term or
that planned initiatives will be successful in maintaining distributor activity and
productivity or in motivating distributor leaders to remain engaged in business building
and developing new distributor leaders. In addition, some initiatives may have
unanticipated negative impacts on our markets. For example, during the past couple of years
certain modifications we made to compensation incentives in China, Japan and certain
Southeast Asia markets were not received or understood well by some distributors,
resulting in unanticipated negative impacts on distributor numbers and revenue in these
markets. The introduction of a new product or key initiative such as the Scanner and
g3 can also negatively impact other product lines to the extent our distributor
leaders focus their efforts on the new product or initiative.
-24-
Our operations in China
are subject to significant governmental scrutiny and may be harmed by the results of such
scrutiny.
Because
of the governments significant concerns about direct selling activities, government
regulators in China scrutinize very closely activities of direct selling companies or
activities that resemble direct selling. This scrutiny has increased following adoption of
the new direct selling and anti-pyramiding regulations. The regulatory environment in
China with regards to direct selling is evolving, and officials in multiple national and
local levels in the Chinese government often exercise significant discretion in deciding
how to interpret and apply applicable regulations. In the past, the government has taken
significant actions against companies that the government found were engaging in direct
selling activities in violation of applicable law, including shutting down their
businesses and imposing substantial fines.
Our
business in China has been subject to significant governmental scrutiny over the last few
years, and reviews and investigations by government regulators have at times impeded our
ability to conduct business and have resulted in several cases in fines being paid by us,
which in the aggregate have been less than 1% of our revenue in China. We continue to be
subject to current governmental reviews and investigations, and we may incur similar or
more severe sanctions in the future. Occasionally, we have also been asked to cease sales
activity in some stores while the regulators review our operations. While, in each of
these cases, we have been allowed to recommence operations after the governments
review without material changes to our operations, there is no assurance that this will
always be the case. Even though we have now obtained approval to conduct direct selling in
Shanghai, government regulators continue to scrutinize our activities and the activities of
our distributors and sales employees to monitor our compliance with the new regulations
and other applicable regulations as we implement direct selling into our business model.
At times, complaints made by our sales representatives to the government have resulted in
increased scrutiny by the government. Any determination that our operations or activities,
or the activities of our employed sales representatives or distributors, are not in
compliance with applicable regulations could result in the imposition of substantial
fines, extended interruptions of business, termination of necessary licenses and permits,
including our direct selling approvals, or restrictions on our ability to open new stores
or obtain approvals for service centers or expand into new locations, or other actions,
all of which would harm our business.
If recently adopted direct selling
regulations in China are interpreted or enforced by governmental authorities in a manner
that negatively impacts our retail business model or our dual business model there, our
business in China could be harmed.
Towards
the end of 2005, Chinese regulators adopted anti-pyramiding and new direct selling
regulations. These regulations contain significant restrictions and limitations, including
a restriction on multi-level compensation for independent distributors selling away from a
fixed location. The regulations also impose various requirements on individuals before they can become direct sellers,
including the passage of an examination, which are more burdensome than in our other markets and which could negatively
impact the willingness of some people to sign up to become direct sellers. These new regulations are not yet well
understood, and there continues to
be some confusion and uncertainty as to the meaning of the new regulations and their
scope, and the specific types of restrictions and requirements imposed under them. It is
difficult to predict how regulators will interpret and enforce these new regulations and
the impact of these new regulations on pending regulatory reviews and investigations. Our
business and our growth prospects would be harmed if Chinese regulators interpret the
anti-pyramiding regulations or direct selling regulations as applying to our retail
store/employed sales representative business model, or if regulations are interpreted in
such a manner that our current method of conducting business through the use of employed
sales representatives or our implementation of direct selling that is currently underway
is found to violate applicable regulations. In particular, our business would be harmed by
any determination that our current method of compensating our sales employees, including
our use of the sales productivity of a sales employee and the group of sales employees
whom he or she trains and supervises as one of the factors in establishing such sales
employees salary and compensation, violates the restriction on multi-level
compensation in the new regulations. Our business could also be harmed if regulators
inhibit our ability to concurrently operate our retail store/employed sales representative
business model and our direct selling business.
-25-
Although we have obtained approval
to conduct direct selling in China, our current governmental approval only allows us to
conduct direct selling in eight districts within Shanghai. If we are unable to obtain
additional necessary national and local governmental approvals as quickly as we would
like, our ability to expand our direct selling business and grow our business there could
be negatively impacted.
In
January 2007, we completed the required national and local licensing process and commenced
direct selling activities in eight districts in Shanghai. In order to expand our direct
selling model into additional provinces, we currently must obtain a series of approvals
from district, city, provincial and national governmental agencies with respect to each
province in which we wish to expand. The approval process includes a requirement that we
establish service centers that serve primarily as product return locations. If
regulators fail to permit us to build service centers at a rate that meets our growth
demands, this could limit our ability to obtain direct selling approvals in accordance
with anticipated timelines. Because direct selling was only recently authorized in China,
the process for obtaining the necessary governmental approvals to conduct direct selling
continues to evolve. As we are being required to work with such a large number of
provincial, city, district and national governmental authorities, we have found that it is
taking more time than anticipated to work through the approval process with these
authorities. These authorities have broad discretion in interpreting the regulations and
granting necessary approvals. The regulations and processes in some circumstances have
been interpreted differently by different governmental authorities. A delay in obtaining
approvals at one level can delay our ability to obtain approvals at the next level. In
addition, we have received some indications from the national government authorities that
they intend to review and monitor the operations of an approved direct selling company
during an evaluation period before granting approvals to such company to expand into
additional provinces as regulators continue to closely monitor the development of direct
selling in China. The complexity of the approval process as well as the governments
continued cautious approach as direct selling develops in China makes it difficult to
predict the timeline for obtaining these approvals. If the results of the
governments evaluation of our direct selling activities in Shanghai results in
further delays in obtaining licenses elsewhere, or if the current processes for obtaining
approvals are delayed further for any reason or are changed or are interpreted differently
than currently understood, our ability to expand direct selling in China and our growth
prospects in this market could be negatively impacted as a result.
Because we will be implementing a
compensation plan and business model for our independent distributors in China that is
different from other markets due to regulatory restrictions, this could harm our ability
to grow our business in China.
The
direct selling regulations impose various limitations and requirements, including a
prohibition on multi-level compensation and a requirement that all distributors pass a
required examination before becoming a distributor. The regulations also impose other
restrictions on direct selling activities that differ from the regulations in our other
markets. As a result, we are implementing a direct selling compensation plan and
business model for the direct sales component of our business that differs from the
model we use in other markets. There can be no assurance that these restrictions will not
negatively impact our ability to provide an attractive business opportunity to
distributors in this market and limit our ability to grow our business in this market. In
addition, the regulations do not allow the sale of general foods through a direct selling
business model. Because some of our supplements, including LifePak, are being marketed as general foods until
we obtain health food status for these products, we will only be
able to sell these products at our stores and not away from the stores until they receive
health food status, which could have a negative impact on our direct selling business.
-26-
Intellectual property rights are
difficult to enforce in China.
Chinese
commercial law is relatively undeveloped compared to most of our other major markets, and,
as a result, we may have limited legal recourse in the event we encounter significant
difficulties with patent or trademark infringers. Limited protection of intellectual
property is available under Chinese law, and the local manufacturing of our products may
subject us to an increased risk that unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise
obtain or use our product formulations. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able
to adequately protect our product formulations.
If the BioPhotonic Scanner is
determined to be a medical device in a particular geographic market or if our distributors
use it for medical diagnostic purposes, this could harm our ability to utilize it.
In
March 2003, the FDA questioned the status of the BioPhotonic Scanner as a non-medical
device. We subsequently filed an application with the FDA to have it classified as a
non-medical device. The FDA has not yet acted on our application. There are various
factors that could determine whether the BioPhotonic Scanner is a medical device including
the claims that we or our distributors make about it. We have faced similar uncertainties
and regulatory issues in other markets with respect to the status of the BioPhotonic
Scanner as a non-medical device and the claims that can be made in using it. For example,
during the past couple of years we have faced regulatory inquiries in Japan, Korea,
Singapore and Thailand regarding distributor claims with respect to the Scanner. There
have also been recent legislative proposals in Singapore and Malaysia relating to the
regulation of medical devices which could have an impact on the Scanner. We recently had two
Scanners detained by the FDA office in Cincinnati that were being shippped back from Israel,
and the office has asked us for documentation regarding its status as a non-medical device. A determination
in any of these markets that the Scanner is a medical device or that distributors are
using it to make medical claims or perform medical diagnoses could negatively impact our
plans for or use of the BioPhotonic Scanner in such market. In 2006 we obtained additional
contract rights to utilize the Scanner in all locations, including health care and medical
facilities. Some of our distributors are now promoting the use of Scanners by medical
professionals as a non-medical device in conjunction with wellness programs. This
promotion could result in enhanced FDA scrutiny and increase the risk that the BioPhotonic
Scanner be treated as a medical device requiring medical device clearance. Regulatory
scrutiny of the Scanner may also dampen distributor enthusiasm and hinder the ability of
distributors to effectively utilize the Scanner. In the event medical device clearance is
required in any market, obtaining clearance could require us to provide documentation
concerning its clinical utility and to make some modifications to its design,
specifications and manufacturing process in order to meet stringent standards imposed on
medical device companies. There can be no assurance we would be able to provide such
documentation and make such changes promptly or in a manner that is satisfactory to
regulatory authorities.
Technical and regulatory issues
associated with the second generation BioPhotonic Scanner and the Nu Skin®
ProDerm Skin Analyzer could negatively impact the success of these programs, which
could harm our business.
Our
current and planned initiatives surrounding the continued rollout and promotion of the S2
Scanner and the introduction of Nu Skin® ProDerm Skin Analyzer in our various
markets are subject to technical and regulatory risks and uncertainties. The S2 was just introduced this past year,
and we cannot be certain that over the long term the units will consistently perform according
to expectations or that we will not experience technical problems. We have experienced
challenges in our development of the ProDerm tool, including some software glitches
in beta units that were tested in some Asia markets. As we continue to work through these
technical issues, we elected to introduce an initial version that has fewer features than
we initially anticipated. The initial version of this tool that we launched in the United
States and Europe provides close-up skin images that enables distributors to demonstrate
the effectiveness of our skin care products. We are currently working on the development
of an enhanced version that will have improved functionality. There can be no assurance,
however, that we will be able to successfully develop an enhanced version of this tool in
accordance with our expectations. In addition, we are subject to regulatory risks with
respect to the introduction of this tool, particularly in Japan, where it appears that
regulatory restrictions in Japan may impose limitations on the use of this tool and on
claims that may be made in connection with its use. Such limitations in Japan or any other
markets could weaken the ability of our distributors to utilize this tool in building
their businesses, and could dampen distributor enthusiasm surrounding it.
-27-
Governmental regulations relating
to the marketing and advertising of our products and services, in particular our
nutritional supplements, may restrict or inhibit our ability to sell these products.
Our
products and our related marketing and advertising efforts are subject to extensive
governmental regulations by numerous domestic and foreign governmental agencies and
authorities. These include the FDA, the FTC, the Consumer Product Safety Commission and
the Department of Agriculture in the United States, State Attorneys General and other
state regulatory agencies and the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan along
with similar governmental agencies in other foreign markets where we operate.
Our
markets have varied regulations concerning product formulation, labeling, packaging and
importation. These laws and regulations often require us to, among other things:
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reformulate
products for a specific market to meet the specific product formulation laws of that
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conform
product labeling to the regulations in each country; and |
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register
or qualify products with the applicable governmental authority or obtain necessary
approvals or file necessary notifications for the marketing of our products. |
Restrictions
on our ability to introduce products, or delays in introducing products, could reduce
revenue and decrease profitability. Regulators also may prohibit us from making
therapeutic claims about products, regardless of the existence of research and independent
studies that may support such claims. These product claim restrictions could prevent us
from realizing the potential revenue from some of our products.
Changes to our compensation
arrangements with our distributors could be viewed negatively by some distributors and
could harm our operating results if such changes impact distributor productivity.
We
have implemented a global compensation plan that has some components that differ from
market to market. We modify components of our compensation plan from time to time in an
attempt to keep our compensation plan competitive and attractive to existing and potential
distributors, to address changing market dynamics, to provide incentives to distributors
that we believe will help grow our business, and to address other business needs. Because
of the size of our distributor force and the complexity of our compensation plans, it is
difficult to predict whether such changes will achieve their desired results. For example,
in 2005, we made changes to our compensation plan in Japan that had been successful in
other markets, but did not have the impact in Japan that we anticipated and negatively
impacted our business. China and certain markets in Southeast Asia similarly were
negatively impacted by compensation plan changes in 2005. We are currently implementing a
new compensation plan for China for our independent distributors as we implement a direct
selling model. We are also making some modifications to our employed sales representative
compensation model to simplify it and to make it complementary to the compensation model
we are implementing for the independent distributor sales force. In addition, because of
the size and complexity of our sales force and compensation plan, growth in certain
markets and changes to our plans have caused compensation rates in these markets to rise
higher than historical levels, which could reduce our operating income. Although
managements objective is to maximize the benefit of compensation plan expenses,
compensation plan changes may be made in the future in these markets with higher
compensation rates in order to maintain overall payout as close to historical levels as
possible. We cannot be certain that the modifications we are making in China or any other
modifications we make to our compensation plans in our other markets will be well received
or achieve their desired results. If our distributors fail to adapt to these changes or
find them unattractive, our business could be harmed.
-28-
Negative publicity concerning
supplements with certain controversial ingredients has spurred efforts to change existing
laws and regulations with respect to nutritional supplements that, if successful, could
result in more restrictive and burdensome regulations.
There
has been an increasing movement in the United States and other markets to increase the
regulation of dietary supplements which could impose additional restrictions or
requirements in the future. This movement has been generated, in part, by negative
publicity arising from injuries and deaths alleged to be caused by nutritional supplements
containing ephedra (which we have never sold) and other controversial ingredients. We are
committed to not market nutritional supplements that contain any substances such as
ephedra that are controversial and that could pose health risks. However, our operations
could be harmed if governmental laws or regulations are enacted that restrict the ability
of companies to market or distribute nutritional supplements or impose additional burdens
or requirements on nutritional supplement companies.
If we are unable to successfully
expand and grow operations within our recently opened and developing markets, we may have
difficulty achieving our long-term objectives.
A
significant percentage of our revenue growth over the past decade has been attributable to
our expansion into new markets. For example, the revenue growth we experienced in 2003 and
2004 was due in part to our successful expansion of operations into China. Our growth over
the next several years depends in part on our ability to successfully introduce products
and tools, and to successfully implement initiatives in our new and developing markets,
including China, Russia, Latin America and Eastern Europe that will help generate growth.
In addition to the regulatory difficulties we may face in introducing our products, tools,
and initiatives in these markets, we could face difficulties in achieving acceptance of
our premium-priced products in developing markets. In the past, we have struggled to
operate successfully in developing country markets, such as Latin America. This may also
be the case in Eastern Europe and the other new markets into which we have recently
expanded. If we are unable to successfully expand our operations within these new markets,
our opportunities to grow our business may be limited, and, as a result, we may not be
able to achieve our long-term objectives.
Global political issues
and conflicts could harm our business.
Because
a substantial portion of our business is conducted outside of the United States, our
business is subject to global political issues and conflicts, including terrorism threats,
tensions related to North Korea, political tensions between the Peoples Republic of
China and Taiwan, and other issues. If these conflicts or issues escalate, or if there is
increased anti-American sentiment, this could harm our foreign operations. In addition,
changes and actions by governments in foreign markets, in particular those markets such as
China where capitalism and free market trading is still evolving, could harm our business.
-29-
Adverse publicity concerning our
business, marketing plan or products could harm our business and reputation.
The
size of our distribution force and the results of our operations can be particularly
impacted by adverse publicity regarding us, the nature of our distributor network, our
products or the actions of our distributors. Specifically, we are susceptible to adverse
publicity concerning:
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|
|
suspicions
about the legality and ethics of network marketing; |
|
|
|
the
ingredients or safety of our or our competitors' products; |
|
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|
regulatory
investigations of us, our competitors and our respective products; |
|
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|
the
actions of our current or former distributors; and |
|
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|
public
perceptions of direct selling businesses generally. |
In
addition, in the past we have experienced negative publicity that has harmed our business
in connection with regulatory investigations and inquiries. We may receive negative
publicity in the future, and it may harm our business and reputation.
Although our distributors are
independent contractors, improper distributor actions that violate laws or regulations
could harm our business.
Distributor
activities in our existing markets that violate governmental laws or regulations could
result in governmental actions against us in markets where we operate. Except in China,
our distributors are not employees and act independently of us. We implement strict
policies and procedures to ensure our distributors will comply with legal requirements.
However, given the size of our distributor force, we experience problems with distributors
from time to time. For example, product claims made by some of our distributors in 1990
and 1991 led to an investigation by the FTC in the United States, which resulted in our entering into a consent
decree with the FTC as described below. In addition, recent rulings by the Korean FTC and
by judicial authorities against us and other companies in Korea indicate that vicarious
liability may be imposed on us for the criminal activity of our independent distributors.
Inability of new products to gain
distributor and market acceptance could harm our business.
A
critical component of our business is our ability to develop new products that create
enthusiasm among our distributor force. If we are unable to introduce new products planned
for introduction, our distributor productivity could be harmed. In addition, if any new
products fail to gain market acceptance, are restricted by regulatory requirements or have
quality problems, this would harm our results of operations. Factors that could affect our
ability to continue to introduce new products include, among others, government
regulations, the inability to attract and retain qualified research and development staff,
the termination of third-party research and collaborative arrangements, proprietary
protections of competitors that may limit our ability to offer comparable products and the
difficulties in anticipating changes in consumer tastes and buying preferences.
Government inquiries,
investigations, and actions could harm our business.
From
time to time, we receive formal and informal inquiries from various government regulatory
authorities about our business and our compliance with local laws and regulations. Any
determination that we or our distributors are not in compliance with existing laws or
regulations could potentially harm our business. Even if governmental actions do not
result in rulings or orders, they potentially could create negative publicity which could
detrimentally affect our efforts to recruit or motivate distributors and attract customers
and, consequently, reduce revenue and net income.
-30-
In
the early 1990s, we entered into voluntary consent agreements with the FTC and a few state
regulatory agencies relating to investigations of our distributors product claims
and practices. These investigations centered on alleged unsubstantiated product and
earnings claims made by some of our distributors. We believe that the negative publicity
generated by this FTC action, as well as a subsequent action in the mid-1990s related to
unsubstantiated product claims, harmed our business and results of operations in the
United States. Pursuant to the consent decrees, we agreed, among other things, to
supplement our procedures to enforce our policies, to not allow distributors to make
earnings representations without making additional disclosures relating to average
earnings and to not make, or allow our distributors to make, product claims that were not
substantiated. We have taken various actions, including implementing a more generous
inventory buy-back policy, publishing average distributor earnings information,
supplementing our procedures for enforcing our policies, and reviewing distributor product
sales aids, to address the issues raised by the FTC and state agencies in these
investigations. As a result of the previous investigations, the FTC makes inquiries from
time to time regarding our compliance with applicable laws and regulations and our consent
decree. Any further actions by the FTC or other comparable state or federal regulatory
agencies, in the United States or abroad, could have a further negative impact on us in
the future.
In
addition, we are susceptible to government-initiated campaigns that do not rise to the
level of formal regulations. For example, the South Korean government, several South
Korean trade groups and members of the South Korean media initiated campaigns in 1997 and
1998 urging South Korean consumers not to purchase luxury or foreign goods. We believe
that these campaigns and the related media attention they received, together with the
economic recession that occurred in the late 1990s in the South Korean economy,
significantly harmed our South Korean business. We cannot assure that similar government,
trade group or media actions will not occur again in South Korea or in other countries
where we operate or that such events will not similarly harm our operations.
The loss of key high-level
distributors could negatively impact our distributor growth and our revenue.
As
of December 31, 2006, we had approximately 761,000 active independent distributors, sales
representatives and preferred customers, including approximately 30,000 executive level
distributors or full-time sales representatives. Approximately 453 distributors occupied
the highest distributor level under our global compensation plan as of that date. These
distributors, together with their extensive networks of downline distributors, account for
substantially all of our revenue. As a result, the loss of a high-level distributor or a
group of leading distributors in the distributors network of downline distributors,
whether by their own choice or through disciplinary actions by us for violations of our
policies and procedures, could negatively impact our distributor growth and our revenue.
-31-
Laws and regulations may prohibit
or severely restrict our direct sales efforts and cause our revenue and profitability to
decline, and regulators could adopt new regulations that harm our business.
Various
government agencies throughout the world regulate direct sales practices. These laws and
regulations are generally intended to prevent fraudulent or deceptive schemes, often
referred to as pyramid schemes, that compensate participants for recruiting
additional participants irrespective of product sales, use high pressure recruiting
methods and/or do not involve legitimate products. The laws and regulations in our current
markets often:
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impose
order cancellations, product returns, inventory buy-backs and cooling-off rights for
consumers and distributors; |
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require
us or our distributors to register with governmental agencies; |
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impose
reporting requirements to regulatory agencies; and/or |
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require
us to ensure that distributors are not being compensated based upon the recruitment of
new distributors. |
Complying
with these widely varying and sometimes inconsistent rules and regulations can be
difficult and require the devotion of significant resources on our part. If we are unable
to continue business in existing markets or commence operations in new markets because of
these laws, our revenue and profitability will decline. Countries where we currently do
business could change their laws or regulations to negatively affect or completely
prohibit direct sales efforts.
In
addition, government agencies and courts in the countries where we operate may use their
powers and discretion in interpreting and applying laws in a manner that limits our
ability to operate or otherwise harms our business or adopt new laws or regulations that
could impose additional restrictions. For example, the FTC in the United States has
recently proposed new regulations which would impose additional disclosure requirements
and waiting periods before a person could sign up to become a distributor that are
restrictive and burdensome. The direct selling industry association has filed comments
objecting to many of these requirements and is working to get the FTC to change its
proposal for new regulations. If these regulations were adopted in their current form, it
could have a negative impact on direct selling businesses in the United States including
our business. If any governmental authority were to bring a regulatory enforcement action
against us that interrupts our business, revenue and earnings would likely suffer.
Challenges by private parties to
the form of our network marketing system could harm our business.
We
may be subject to challenges by private parties, including our distributors, to the form
of our network marketing system or elements of our business. In the United States, the
network marketing industry and regulatory authorities have generally relied on the
implementation of distributor rules and policies designed to promote retail sales to
protect consumers and to prevent inappropriate activities and to distinguish between
legitimate network marketing distribution plans and unlawful pyramid schemes. We have
adopted rules and policies based on case law, rulings of the FTC, discussions with
regulatory authorities in several states and domestic and global industry standards. Legal
and regulatory requirements concerning network marketing systems, however, involve a high
level of subjectivity, are inherently fact-based and are subject to judicial
interpretation. Because of the foregoing, we can provide no assurance that we would not be
harmed by the application or interpretation of statutes or regulations governing network
marketing, particularly in any civil challenge by a current or former distributor.
-32-
Increases in duties on our
imported products in our markets outside of the United States or adverse results of tax
audits in our various markets could reduce our revenue, negatively impact our operating
results and harm our competitive position.
Historically,
we have imported most of our products into the countries in which they are ultimately
sold. These countries impose various legal restrictions on imports and typically impose
duties on our products. We are subject from time to time to reviews and audits by the
foreign taxing authorities of the various jurisdictions in which we conduct business
throughout the world. These audits sometimes result in challenges by such taxing
authorities as to our methodologies used in determining our income tax, duties, customs,
and other amounts owed in connection with the importation and distribution of our
products. Currently, customs audits are underway in a number of our markets. We have been
assessed by the Japan customs authorities approximately $25 million for additional duties
on products imported into Japan, and we are currently contesting this assessment. Effective July 1,
2005, the Company is operating under a new structure in Japan and we are in the process
of negotiating a new advanced pricing agreement with the income tax authorities
in Japan related to our transfer pricing for products being imported into Japan. In connection
with these negotiations, they have requested that we explain our position in
the custom's appeal and apparent difference in our treatment of the transaction for customs purposes
compared to our income tax treatment under the prior
structure. In the event the income tax authorities disagree with our position or explanation, there is a risk
that they could attempt to challenge our income tax position, which could negatively impact our ability to successfully
prosecute our custom's appeal or result in additional income tax assessments. Audits
are also often focused on whether or not certain expenses are deductible for tax purposes
in a given country. In Taiwan, we are currently subject to an audit by tax authorities
with respect to the deductibility of distributor commission expenses in that market. In
order to avoid the running of the statute of limitations with respect to the 1999 and 2000
tax years, the Taiwan tax authorities have disallowed our commission expense deductions
for those years and assessed us a total of approximately $18.7 million. We are contesting
this assessment and are in discussions with the tax authorities in an effort to resolve
this matter. To the extent we are unable to successfully defend ourselves against such
audits and reviews, we may be required to pay assessments and penalties and increased
duties, which may, individually or in the aggregate, negatively impact our gross margins
and operating results.
Governmental authorities may
question our intercompany transfer pricing policies or change their laws in a manner that
could increase our effective tax rate or otherwise harm our business.
As
a U.S. company doing business in international markets through subsidiaries, we are
subject to foreign tax and intercompany pricing laws, including those relating to the flow
of funds between our company and our subsidiaries. Regulators in the United States and in
foreign markets closely monitor our corporate structure and how we effect intercompany
fund transfers. If regulators challenge our corporate structure, transfer pricing
mechanisms or intercompany transfers, our operations may be harmed, and our effective tax
rate may increase. Tax rates vary from country to country, and, if regulators determine
that our profits in one jurisdiction may need to be increased, we may not be able to fully
utilize all foreign tax credits that are generated, which will increase our effective tax
rate. For example, our corporate income tax rate in the United States is 35%. If our
profitability in a higher tax jurisdiction, such as Japan where the corporate tax rate is
currently set at 46%, increases disproportionately to the rest of our business, our
effective tax rate may increase. The various customs, exchange control and transfer
pricing laws are continually changing and are subject to the interpretation of
governmental agencies. Despite our efforts to be aware of and comply with such laws and
changes to and interpretations thereof, there is a risk that we may not continue to
operate in compliance with such laws. We may need to adjust our operating procedures in
response to such changes, and as a result our business may suffer.
The loss of suppliers or shortages
in ingredients could harm our business.
For
approximately ten years, we have acquired ingredients and products from a supplier that
currently manufactures approximately 25% of our Nu Skin personal care products. In
addition, we currently rely on two suppliers for a majority of Pharmanex nutritional
supplement products, one of which supplies approximately 35% and the other of which
supplies approximately 22%. In the event we were to lose any of these suppliers and
experience any difficulties in finding or transitioning to alternative suppliers, this
could harm our business. In addition, we obtain some of our products from sole suppliers
that own or control the product formulations or ingredients. We also license the right to
distribute some of our products from third parties. Although none of these products
individually represents a substantial portion of our revenue, in the event we are unable
to renew these contracts, we may need to discontinue some products or develop substitute
products, which could harm our revenue. In addition, if we experience supply shortages or
regulatory impediments with respect to the raw materials and ingredients we use in our
products, we may need to seek alternative supplies or suppliers. Some of our nutritional
products, including our recently introduced g3 juice, incorporate natural products
that are only harvested once a year and may have limited supplies. If demand exceeds
forecasts, we may have difficulties in obtaining additional supplies to meet the excess
demand until the next growing season. If we are unable to successfully respond to such
issues our business could be harmed.
-33-
Production difficulties
and quality control problems could harm our business.
Occasionally,
we, or our suppliers have experienced production difficulties with respect to our
products, including the delivery of products that do not meet our quality control
standards. These quality problems have resulted in the past, and could result in the
future, in stock outages or shortages in our markets with respect to products, harming our
sales and creating inventory write-offs for unusable product. In addition, these issues
can negatively impact distributor confidence as well as potentially invite additional
governmental scrutiny in our various markets.
We depend on our key personnel,
and the loss of the services provided by any of our executive officers or other key
employees could harm our business and results of operations.
Our
success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our senior
management, many of whom would be difficult to replace. These employees may voluntarily
terminate their employment with us at any time. We may not be able to successfully retain
existing personnel or identify, hire and integrate new personnel. We do not carry key
person insurance for any of our personnel. Although we have signed offer letters or
written agreements summarizing the compensation terms for some of our senior executives,
we have generally not entered into formal employment agreements with our executive
officers. If we lose the services of our executive officers or key employees for any
reason, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
Our markets are intensely
competitive, and market conditions and the strengths of competitors may harm our business.
The
markets for our products are intensely competitive. Our results of operations may be
harmed by market conditions and competition in the future. Many competitors have much
greater name recognition and financial resources than we have, which may give them a
competitive advantage. For example, our Nu Skin products compete directly with branded,
premium retail products. We also compete with other direct selling organizations. The
leading direct selling companies in our existing markets are Avon and Alticor (Amway). We
currently do not have significant patent or other proprietary protection, and our
competitors may introduce products with the same ingredients that we use in our products.
Because of regulatory restrictions concerning claims about the efficacy of dietary
supplements, we may have difficulty differentiating our products from our
competitors products, and competing products entering the nutritional market could
harm our nutritional supplement revenue.
We also compete with other network marketing companies for distributors. Some of these
competitors have a longer operating history and greater visibility, name recognition and
financial resources than we do. Some of our competitors have also adopted and could
continue to adopt some of our successful business strategies, including our global
compensation plan for distributors. Consequently, to successfully compete in this market
and attract and retain distributors, we must ensure that our business opportunities and
compensation plans are financially rewarding. We have over 20 years of experience in this
market and believe we have significant competitive advantages, but we cannot assure you
that we will be able to successfully compete in every endeavor in this market.
-34-
Product liability claims could
harm our business.
We
may be required to pay for losses or injuries purportedly caused by our products. Although
we have had a very limited number and relatively low financial exposure from product
claims to date, we have experienced difficulty in finding insurers that are willing to
provide product liability coverage at reasonable rates due to insurance industry trends
and the rising cost of insurance generally. As a result, we have elected to self-insure
our product liability risks for our core product lines. Until we elect and are able to
obtain product liability insurance, if any of our products are found to cause any injury
or damage, we will be subject to the full amount of liability associated with any injuries
or damages. This liability could be substantial. We cannot predict if and when product
liability insurance will be available to us on reasonable terms.
System failures could harm our
business.
Because
of our diverse geographic operations and our complex distributor compensation plan, our
business is highly dependent on efficiently functioning information technology systems.
These systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from fires,
earthquakes, telecommunications failures and other events. They are also subject to
break-ins, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism and similar misconduct. We have adopted and implemented
a Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery Plan. Our primary data sets are archived and stored at third-party secure sites,
but we have not contracted for a third-party recovery site. Despite any precautions, the
occurrence of a natural disaster or other unanticipated problems could result in
interruptions in services and reduce our revenue and profits.
There is a risk that the Avian Flu
or other such epidemics could negatively impact our business, particularly in those Asian
markets most affected by such epidemics in recent years.
Our
revenue was negatively impacted in 2003 by the SARS epidemic that hit Asia during that
year. Currently, the Avian Flu is a concern in some Asian markets. It is difficult to
predict the impact on our business, if any, of a recurrence of SARS or other epidemic, of
the Avian Flu, or the emergence of new epidemics. Although such events could generate
increased sales of health/immune supplements and certain personal care products, our
direct selling and retail activities and results of operations could be harmed if the fear
of the Avian Flu, SARS or other communicable diseases that spread rapidly in densely
populated areas causes people to avoid public places and interaction with one another.
The market price of our common stock
is subject to significant fluctuations due to a number of factors that are
beyond our control.
Our
common stock closed at $22.51 per share on March 31, 2005 and closed at $17.56 per
share on February 15, 2007. During this two-year period, our common stock traded
as low as $13.40 per share and as high as $25.86 per share. Many factors could cause the
market price of our common stock to fall. Some of these factors include:
|
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fluctuations
in our quarterly operating results; |
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|
the
sale of shares of common stock by our original or significant stockholders; |
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|
general
trends in the market for our products; |
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|
acquisitions
by us or our competitors; |
-35-
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|
economic
and/or currency exchange issues in those foreign countries in which we operate; |
|
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|
changes
in estimates of our operating performance or changes in recommendations by securities
analysts; and |
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general
business and political conditions. |
Broad
market fluctuations could also lower the market price of our common stock
regardless of our actual operating performance.
As of February 15, 2007, our
original stockholders, together with their family members, estate planning entities and
affiliates, controlled approximately 29% of the combined stockholder voting power, and
their interests may be different from yours.
The
original stockholders of our company, together with their family members and affiliates,
have the ability to influence the election and removal of the board of directors and, as a
result, future direction and operations of our company. As of February 15, 2007, these
stockholders owned approximately 29% of the voting power of the outstanding shares of
common stock. Accordingly, they may influence decisions concerning business
opportunities, declaring dividends, issuing additional shares of common stock or
other securities and the approval of any merger, consolidation or sale of all or
substantially all of our assets. They may make decisions that are adverse to your
interests.
If our stockholders sell a
substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, the market
price of our common stock could fall.
Several
of our principal stockholders hold a large number of shares of the outstanding
common stock. Any decision by any of our principal stockholders to aggressively sell their
shares could depress the market price of our common stock. As of February 15,
2007, we had approximately 65.9 million shares of common stock outstanding. All of
these shares are freely tradable, except for approximately 19 million shares held by
certain stockholders who participated in our October 2003 recapitalization transaction
wherein we repurchased approximately 10.8 million of our shares from our original
stockholders and their affiliates and facilitated the resale of approximately 6.2 million
additional shares to a group of private equity investors. Under the terms of our
repurchase, our original stockholders agreed to a two-year lock-up that expired on
October 22, 2005. These stockholders also agreed that, after the expiration of the
two-year lock-up agreement in October 2005, they will be subject to certain volume
limitations with respect to open market transactions. In the event these lock-up
restrictions were removed, the resulting sales could cause the price of our common
stock to decline.
ITEM 1B. |
|
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS |
None.
Our
principal properties consist of the following:
Operational
Facilities. These facilities include administrative offices, walk-in centers, and
warehouse/distribution centers. Our operational facilities measuring 50,000 square feet or
more include the following:
-36-
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our
worldwide headquarters in Provo, Utah; |
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our
worldwide distribution center/warehouse in Provo, Utah; and |
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our
distribution center in Tokyo, Japan. |
Manufacturing Facilities. Each of
our manufacturing facilities measure 50,000 square feet or more, and include the
following:
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our
nutritional supplement manufacturing facility in Zhejiang Province, China; |
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|
our
personal care manufacturing facility in Shanghai, China; and |
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our
Scanner manufacturing facility in Shanghai, China. |
Retail Stores. We currently operate
approximately 150 stores in 30 provinces throughout China, measuring a total of approximately 296,010
square feet.
Research and Development Centers.
We operate three research and development centers, one in Provo, Utah, one in Shanghai,
China, and one in Beijing, China.
With
the exception of our research and development center in Utah, our nutritional supplement
plant in China, and a few other minor facilities, which we own, we lease the properties
described above. Our headquarters and distribution center in Utah are leased from related
parties. We believe that our existing and planned facilities are adequate for our current
operations in each of our existing markets.
ITEM 3. |
|
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
Due to the international nature of
our business, we are subject from time to time to reviews and audits by the foreign taxing authorities of the various jurisdictions in which we
conduct business throughout the world. In 1999, we implemented a duty valuation methodology with respect to the importation of certain
products into Japan. For purposes of the import transactions at issue, we had taken the position that,
under applicable customs law, there was a sale between the manufacturer and our
Japan subsidiary, and that customs duties should be assessed on the manufacturer's invoice. The Valuation Department of the Yokohama customs
authorities reviewed and approved this methodology at that time, and it had been reviewed on several occasions by the audit division of the
Japan customs authorities since then. In connection with subsequent audits in 2004, the Yokohama customs authorities assessed us additional
duties and penalties on these products imported into Japan from October 2002 to October 2004, based on a different valuation methodology than
what was previously approved. With respect to the periods under audit, the customs authorities took the position that the relevant import
transaction involved a sale between our U.S.
affiliate and our Japan subsidiary and that duties should be assessed on the value of that transaction.
We disputed this assessment. We also
disputed the amount of duties we were required to pay on products imported from November of 2004 to June of 2005 for similar reasons. The
total amount assessed or in dispute is approximately $25.0 million, net of any recovery of consumption taxes. Effective July 1, 2005, we
implemented some modifications to our business structure in Japan and in the United States that we believe will eliminate any further customs
valuation disputes with respect to product imports in Japan after that time.
Because we believe the documentation and legal analysis supports our position and the valuation methodology we used with respect to the
products in dispute had been reviewed and approved by the customs authorities in Japan, we believe the assessments are improper and we filed
letters of protest with Yokohama customs with respect to this entire amount. Yokohama customs rejected our letters of protest, and to follow
proper administrative procedures we filed appeals with the Japan Ministry of Finance. On June 26, 2006, we were advised that the Ministry of
Finance had rejected the appeals filed with their office relating to the imports from October 2002 to October 2004. We decided to appeal this
issue through the judicial court system in Japan, and on December 22, 2006 we filed a complaint with the Tokyo District Court Civil Action Section
with respect to this period. In January 2007, we were advised that the Ministry of Finance also rejected our appeal with them for the imports from November 2004 to June
2005. We currently plan
to appeal this decision with the court system in Japan as well. One of the findings cited by the
Ministry of Finance in its decisions was that we had treated the transactions as sales between our U.S.
affiliate and our Japan subsidiary on our corporate income tax return under applicable income tax and
transfer pricing laws. We have paid the $25.0 million in customs duties and assessments, the amount of
which we recorded in "Other Assets" in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. To the extent that we are unsuccessful in recovering the amounts
assessed and paid, we will be required to take a corresponding charge to our earnings.
ITEM 4. |
|
SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
There
were no matters submitted to a vote of the security holders during the fourth quarter of
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006.
-37-
PART II
ITEM 5. |
|
MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |
Our
Class A common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and
trades under the symbol NUS. The following table is based upon the information
available to us and sets forth the range of the high and low sales prices for our Class A
common stock for the quarterly periods during 2005 and 2006 based upon quotations on the
NYSE.
Quarter Ended | |
High | |
Low | |
|
|
|
March 31, 2005 |
|
$ 25.55 |
|
$ 20.07 |
|
June 30, 2005 | |
24.62 |
|
20.57 |
|
September 30, 2005 | |
25.86 |
|
18.95 |
|
December 31, 2005 | |
19.29 |
|
15.35 |
|
Quarter Ended | |
High | |
Low | |
|
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|
March 31, 2006 |
|
$ 19.71 |
|
$ 17.12 |
|
June 30, 2006 | |
18.40 |
|
14.38 |
|
September 30, 2006 | |
18.50 |
|
13.40 |
|
December 31, 2006 | |
19.42 |
|
17.23 |
|
The
market price of our Class A common stock is subject to significant fluctuations in
response to variations in our quarterly operating results, general trends in the market
for our products and product candidates, economic and currency exchange issues in the
foreign markets in which we operate and other factors, many of which are not within our
control. In addition, broad market fluctuations, as well as general economic, business,
regulatory and political conditions may adversely affect the market for our Class A common
stock, regardless of our actual or projected performance.
The
closing price of our Class A common stock on February 15, 2007, was $17.56. The
approximate number of holders of record of our Class A common stock as of February 15,
2007 was 579. This number of holders of record does not represent the actual number of
beneficial owners of shares of our Class A common stock because shares are frequently held
in street name by securities dealers and others for the benefit of individual
owners who have the right to vote their shares.
Dividends
We
declared and paid a $0.09 per share dividend for Class A common stock in March, June,
September and December of 2005, and a $0.10 per share quarterly dividend for Class A
common stock in March, June, September and December of 2006. The board of directors
declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.105 per share of Class A common stock on February
5, 2007. This quarterly cash dividend will be paid on March 21, 2007, to stockholders of
record on March 2, 2007. Management believes that cash flows from operations will be
sufficient to fund this and future dividend payments, if any.
We
expect to continue to pay dividends on our common stock. However, the declaration of
dividends is subject to the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon
various factors, including our net earnings, financial condition, cash requirements,
future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.
-38-
Purchases of Equity
Securities by the Issuer
|
(a) | |
(b) | |
(c) | |
(d) | |
Period | |
Total Number of Shares Purchased | |
Average Price Paid per Share | |
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | |
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that may yet be Purchased Under
the Plans or Programs (in millions)(1) | |
October 1 - 31, 2006 |
|
781,828 |
|
$ 18.35 |
|
781,400 |
|
$ 84.1 |
|
November 1 - 30, 2006 |
|
594,000 | |
$ 18.86 |
|
594,000 |
|
$ 72.9 |
| |
December 1 - 31, 2006 |
|
679,000 |
|
$ 18.17 |
|
679,000 |
|
$ 60.6 | |
|
Total |
|
2,054,828 |
(2) |
$ 18.44 |
|
2,054,400 |
(1) |
|
In
August 1998, our board of directors approved a plan to repurchase $10.0
million of our Class A common stock on the open market or in private
transactions. Our board has from time to time increased the amount
authorized under the plan and a total amount of approximately $235.0
million is currently authorized. As of December 31, 2006, we had
repurchased approximately $175.0 million of shares under the plan. There
has been no termination or expiration of the plan since the initial date
of approval. |
(2) |
|
We
have authorized the repurchase of shares acquired by our employees and distributors in
certain foreign markets because of regulatory and other issues that make
it difficult and costly for these persons to sell such shares in the open
market. These shares were awarded or acquired in connection with our
initial public offering in 1996. Of the shares listed in this column, 428
shares for October relate to repurchases from such employees at an average
per share purchase price of $17.12. |
-39-
Stock Performance Graph
Set
forth below is a line graph comparing the cumulative total stockholder return (stock price
appreciation plus dividends) on the Class A Common Stock with the cumulative total return
of the S&P 500 Index and a market-weighted index of publicly traded peers for the
period from December 31, 2001 through December 31, 2006. The graph assumes that $100 is
invested in each of the Class A Common Stock, the S&P 500 Index, and each of the
indexes of publicly traded peers on December 31, 2001 and that all dividends were
reinvested. The peer group consists of all of the following companies that compete in our
industry and product categories: Avon Products,
Inc., Estee Lauder, Natures Sunshine Products, Inc., Tupperware Corporation,
Herbalife LTD., USANA Health Sciences, Inc. and Alberto Culver Co.
Measured Period
|
Company
|
S&P 500 Index
|
Peer Group Index
|
December 31, 2001 |
|
$ 100 |
.00 |
100 |
.00 |
100 |
.00 |
December 31, 2002 | |
139 |
.83 |
103 |
.46 |
77 |
.90 |
December 31, 2003 | |
204 |
.68 |
139 |
.05 |
100 |
.25 |
December 31, 2004 | |
308 |
.19 |
164 |
.15 |
111 |
.15 |
December 31, 2005 | |
217 |
.21 |
134 |
.87 |
116 |
.61 |
December 31, 2006 | |
230 |
.33 |
161 |
.14 |
135 |
.03 |
-40-
ITEM 6. |
|
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
The
following selected consolidated financial data as of and for the years ended December 31,
2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006 have been derived from the audited consolidated financial
statements.
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2002 | |
2003 | |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share data and cash dividends) |
|
Income Statement Data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue | |
$ 964,067 |
|
$ 986,457 |
|
$ 1,137,864 |
|
$ 1,180,930 |
|
$ 1,115,409 |
|
Cost of sales | |
190,868 |
|
176,545 |
|
191,211 |
|
206,163 |
|
195,203 |
|
Gross profit | |
773,199 |
|
809,912 |
|
946,653 |
|
974,767 |
|
920,206 |
|
Operating expenses: | |
Selling expenses | |
382,159 |
|
407,088 |
|
487,631 |
|
497,421 |
|
480,136 |
|
General and administrative expenses(1) | |
285,229 |
|
289,925 |
|
333,263 |
|
354,223 |
|
353,412 |
|
Impairment of assets and other | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,840 |
|
Restructuring and other charges | |
|
|
5,592 |
|
|
|
|
|
11,115 |
|
Total operating expenses | |
667,388 |
|
702,605 |
|
820,894 |
|
851,644 |
|
865,503 |
|
Operating income | |
105,811 |
|
107,307 |
|
125,759 |
|
123,123 |
|
54,703 |
|
Other income (expense), net | |
(2,886 |
) |
432 |
|
(3,618 |
) |
(4,172 |
) |
(2,027 |
) |
Income before provision for income taxes | |
102,925 |
|
107,739 |
|
122,141 |
|
118,951 |
|
52,676 |
|
Provision for income taxes | |
38,082 |
|
39,863 |
|
44,467 |
|
44,918 |
|
19,859 |
|
Net income | |
$ 64,843 |
|
$ 67,876 |
|
$ 77,674 |
|
$ 74,033 |
|
$ 32,817 |
|
Net income per share: | |
Basic | |
$ 0.79 |
|
$ 0.86 |
|
$ 1.10 |
|
$ 1.06 |
|
$ 0.47 |
|
Diluted | |
$ 0.78 |
|
$ 0.85 |
|
$ 1.07 |
|
$ 1.04 |
|
$ 0.47 |
|
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (000s): | |
Basic | |
81,731 |
|
78,637 |
|
70,734 |
|
70,047 |
|
69,418 |
|
Diluted | |
83,128 |
|
79,541 |
|
72,627 |
|
71,356 |
|
70,506 |
|
|
|
|
Balance Sheet Data (at end of period): | |
Cash and cash equivalents and current investments | |
$ 120,341 |
|
$ 122,568 |
|
$ 120,095 |
|
$ 155,409 |
|
$ 121,353 |
|
Working capital | |
181,942 |
|
149,324 |
|
117,401 |
|
149,098 |
|
109,418 |
|
Total assets | |
577,794 |
|
591,059 |
|
609,737 |
|
678,866 |
|
664,849 |
|
Current portion of long-term debt | |
|
|
17,915 |
|
18,540 |
|
26,757 |
|
26,652 |
|
Long-term debt | |
81,732 |
|
147,488 |
|
132,701 |
|
123,483 |
|
136,173 |
|
Stockholders' equity | |
386,486 |
|
290,248 |
|
296,233 |
|
354,628 |
|
318,980 |
|
Cash dividends declared | |
0.24 |
|
0.28 |
|
0.32 |
|
0.36 |
|
0.40 |
|
|
|
|
Supplemental Operating Data (at end of period): | |
Approximate number of active distributors(2) | |
566,000 |
|
725,000 |
|
820,000 |
|
803,000 |
|
761,000 |
|
Number of executive distributors(2) | |
27,915 |
|
29,131 |
|
32,016 |
|
30,471 |
|
29,756 |
|
(1) |
|
Beginning
in 2006 the Company adopted FAS 123R which resulted in stock-based
compensation expense of $9.3 million. |
(2) |
|
Active
distributors include preferred customers and distributors purchasing
products directly from us during the three months ended as of the date
indicated. An executive distributor is an active distributor who has
achieved required personal and group sales volumes. Following the opening
of our retail business in China during 2003, active distributors includes
117,000, 147,000, 116,000 and 79,000 preferred customers in China and
executive distributors includes 3,100, 5,437, 3,787 and 2,936 employed,
full-time sales representatives for the years ended December 31, 2003,
2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. |
-41-
ITEM 7. |
|
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION |
The
following discussion of our financial condition and results of operation should be read in
conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto, which
are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
We
are a leading, global direct selling company with 2006 revenue of $1.12 billion and a
global network of over 761,000 active independent product distributors and preferred
customers who purchase our products for resale and for personal use. Approximately 30,000
of these distributors are executive level distributors, who play an important leadership
role in our distribution network and are critical to the growth of our business. We
develop and market premium-quality personal care products under the Nu Skin brand,
science-based nutritional supplements under the Pharmanex brand, and technology-related
products and services under the Big Planet brand. We currently operate in 45 markets
throughout Asia, the Americas and Europe.
Our
revenue depends on the number and productivity of our active independent distributors and
executive distributor leaders. We have been successful in attracting and motivating
distributors by:
|
|
|
developing
and marketing innovative, technologically advanced products; |
|
|
|
providing
compelling initiatives, advanced technological tools and strong distributor support; and |
|
|
|
offering
attractive incentives that motivate distributors to build sales organizations. |
Our
distributors market and sell our products based on the distinguishing benefits and
innovative characteristics of our products. As a result, it is vital to our business that
we continuously leverage our research and development resources to develop and introduce
innovative products and provide our distributors with an attractive portfolio of products.
We also offer unique initiatives and business tools, such as our technologically-advanced
Pharmanex® BioPhotonic Scanner (the Scanner), to help distributors
effectively differentiate our earnings opportunity and product offering. If we experience
delays or difficulties in introducing compelling products or attractive initiatives or
tools into a market, this can have a negative impact on revenue. In addition, as a result
of the global nature of our distributor incentives, the introduction of a new product or
key initiative such as the Scanner can negatively impact other markets or product lines to
the extent our distributor leaders focus their efforts on the new product or initiative.
We
have developed a global distributor compensation plan and other incentives designed to
motivate our distributors to market and sell our products and to build sales organizations
around the world and across product lines. Our extensive global distributor network helps
us to rapidly introduce products and penetrate our markets with little up-front
promotional expense. One of the key distributor incentives that we have developed and
continue to promote in many of our markets is our product subscription and loyalty program
that provides incentives for customers to commit to purchase a specific amount of products
on a monthly basis. We believe these subscription programs have improved customer
retention, have had a stabilizing impact on revenue and have helped generate recurring
sales for our distributors. Subscription orders represented 48% of our revenue in 2006.
-42-
In
2006 we generated approximately 80% of our revenue from our Asian markets, with sales in
Japan representing approximately 43% of revenue. Because of the size of our foreign
operations, operating results can be impacted negatively or positively by factors such as
foreign currency fluctuations, in particular fluctuations between the Japanese yen and the
U.S. dollar, and economic, political and business conditions around the world. In
addition, our business is subject to various laws and regulations, in particular,
regulations related to network marketing activities and nutritional supplements that
create certain risks for our business, including improper claims or activities by our
distributors and the potential inability to obtain necessary product registrations. For
more information about these risks and challenges we face, please refer to Note
Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.
Income Statement
Presentation
We
recognize revenue in five geographic regions and we translate revenue from each
markets local currency into U.S. dollars using quarterly weighted-average exchange
rates. The following table sets forth revenue information by region for the periods
indicated. This table should be reviewed in connection with the tables presented under
Results of Operations, which disclose selling expenses and other costs
associated with generating the aggregate revenue presented.
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
Revenue by Region | |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
(U.S. dollars in millions) | |
North Asia |
|
$ 640.1 |
|
56% |
|
$ 649.4 |
|
55% |
|
$ 593.8 |
|
53% |
|
Greater China | |
229.8 |
|
20 |
|
236.7 |
|
20 |
|
208.2 |
|
19 |
|
Americas | |
149.6 |
|
13 |
|
162.1 |
|
14 |
|
165.9 |
|
15 |
|
South Asia/Pacific | |
81.8 |
|
7 |
|
86.7 |
|
7 |
|
88.0 |
|
8 |
|
Europe | |
36.6 |
|
4 |
|
46.0 |
|
4 |
|
59.5 |
|
5 |
|
| |
$ 1,137.9 |
|
100% |
|
$ 1,180.9 |
|
100% |
|
$ 1,115.4 |
|
100% |
|
Cost
of sales primarily consists of:
|
|
|
cost
of products purchased from third-party vendors, generally in U.S. dollars; |
|
|
|
costs
of self-manufactured products; |
|
|
|
cost
of sales materials which we sell to distributors at or near cost; |
|
|
|
amortization
expenses associated with certain products and services such as the Scanners that are
leased to distributors; |
|
|
|
freight
cost of shipping products to distributors and import duties for the products; and |
|
|
|
royalties
and related expenses for licensed technologies. |
We
source the majority of our products from third-party manufacturers located in the United
States. Due to Chinese government restrictions on the importation of finished goods
applicable to the current scope of our business in China, we are required to manufacture
the bulk of our own products for distribution in China. Cost of sales and gross profit may
fluctuate as a result of changes in the ratio between self-manufactured products and
products sourced from third-party suppliers. In addition, because we purchase a
significant majority of our goods in U.S. dollars and recognize revenue in local
currencies, we are subject to exchange rate risks in our gross margins.
-43-
Selling
expenses are our most significant expense and are classified as operating expenses.
Selling expenses include distributor commissions as well as wages, benefits, bonuses and
other labor and unemployment expenses we pay to former employed sales representatives in
China. Our global compensation plan, which we employ in all of our markets except China,
is an important factor in our ability to attract and retain distributors. We pay monthly
commissions to several levels of distributors on each product sale based upon a
distributors personal and group product volumes, as well as the group product
volumes of up to six levels of executive distributors in such distributors downline
sales organization. We do not pay commissions on sales materials, which are sold to
distributors at or near cost. Small fluctuations occur in the amount of commissions paid
as the network of distributors actively purchasing products changes from month to month.
However, due to the size of our distributor force of over 761,000 active distributors, the
fluctuation in the overall payout is relatively small. The overall payout has typically
averaged from 41% to 43% of global product sales. From time to time, we make modifications
and enhancements to our global compensation plan in an effort o help motivate distributors
and develop leadership characteristics, which can have an impact on selling expenses.
Distributors
also have the opportunity to make retail profits by purchasing products from us at
wholesale and selling them to customers with a retail mark-up. We do not account for nor
pay additional commissions on these retail mark-ups received by distributors. In many
markets, we also allow individuals who are not distributors, whom we refer to as
preferred customers, to buy products directly from us at wholesale prices. We
pay commissions on preferred customer purchases to the referring distributors.
General
and administrative expenses include:
|
|
|
depreciation
and amortization; |
|
|
|
promotion
and advertising; |
|
|
|
research
and development; and |
|
|
|
other
operating expenses. |
Labor
expenses are the most significant portion of our general and administrative expenses.
Promotion and advertising expenses include costs of distributor conventions held in
various markets worldwide, which we expense in the period in which they are incurred.
Because our various distributor conventions are not always held during each fiscal year,
their impact on our general and administrative expenses may vary from year to year. For
example, we have typically held our global distributor convention and our Japan
distributor convention, our two most expensive conventions, every 18 months. Therefore, we
have not incurred expenses for these conventions during every fiscal year or in comparable
interim periods and year-over-year comparisons have been impacted accordingly. We held a
global distributor convention in October 2005 but did not hold one in 2006. We held Japan
distributor conventions in November 2004 and March of 2006. In the future, we plan to
begin holding global conventions every 24 months instead of every 18 months.
-44-
Provision
for income taxes depends on the statutory tax rates in each of the jurisdictions in which
we operate. For example, statutory tax rates in 2006 were approximately 17.5% in Hong
Kong, 25% in Taiwan, 27.5% in South Korea, 46% in Japan and 30% in China. For the years 2006
through 2008 we are subject to a reduced tax rate of 50% of the statutory rate in China,
after which time we will be subject to the full statutory rate. We are subject to taxation
in the United States at the statutory corporate federal tax rate of 35% and we pay taxes
in multiple states within the United States at various tax rates. Our overall effective
tax rate was 37.7% for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Critical Accounting
Policies
The
following critical accounting policies and estimates should be read in conjunction with
our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto. Management
considers the most critical accounting policies to be the recognition of revenue,
accounting for income taxes, stock-based compensation expense and accounting for
intangible assets. In each of these areas, management makes estimates based on historical
results, current trends and future projections.
Revenue.
We recognize revenue when products are shipped, which is when title and risk
of loss pass to our independent distributors. With some exceptions in various
countries, we offer a return policy whereby distributors can return unopened and
unused product for up to 12 months subject to a 10% restocking fee. Reported
revenue is net of returns, which have historically been less than 5% of gross
sales. A reserve for product returns is accrued based on historical experience.
We classify selling discounts and rebates, if any, as a reduction of revenue. Our global compensation
plan for our distributors is focused on remunerating distributors based upon the
selling efforts of the distributors and their downlines, and not their personal
purchases.
Income
Taxes. We account for income taxes in accordance with Statements of
Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 109, Accounting for Income
Taxes. This statement establishes financial accounting and reporting standards for
the effects of income taxes that result from an enterprises activities during the
current and preceding years. It requires an asset and liability approach for financial
accounting and reporting of income taxes. We pay income taxes in many foreign
jurisdictions based on the profits realized in those jurisdictions, which can be
significantly impacted by terms of intercompany transactions among our affiliates around
the world. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are created in this process. As of December
31, 2006, we had net deferred tax assets of $51.6 million. These net deferred tax assets
assume sufficient future earnings will exist for their realization, as well as the
continued application of current tax rates. We have considered projected future taxable
income and ongoing tax planning strategies in determining the extent of valuation
allowances required. In the event we were to determine that we would not be able to
realize all or part of our net deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the
deferred tax assets would be charged to earnings in the period such determination was
made.
Our
foreign taxes paid are high relative to foreign operating income and our U.S. taxes paid
are low relative to U.S. operating income due largely to the flow of funds among our
subsidiaries around the world. As payments for services, management fees, license
arrangements and royalties are made from our foreign affiliates to our U.S. corporate
headquarters, these payments often incur withholding and other forms of tax that are
generally creditable for U.S. tax purposes. Therefore, these payments lead to increased
foreign effective tax rates and lower U.S. effective tax rates. Variations (or shifts)
occur in our foreign and U.S. effective tax rates from year to year depending on several
factors, including the impact of global transfer prices and the timing and level of
remittances from foreign affiliates.
-45-
We
are subject to regular audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. These audits
may result in additional tax liabilities. We account for such contingent liabilities in
accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies and believe we have
appropriately provided for income taxes for all years. Several factors drive the
calculation of our tax reserves. Some of these factors include: (i) the expiration of
various statutes of limitations; (ii) changes in tax law and regulations; (iii) issuance
of tax rulings; and (iv) settlements with tax authorities. Changes in any of these factors
may result in adjustments to our reserves, which would impact our reported financial
results.
In
June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB
Interpretation Number 48 Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes an
interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48), which clarifies the
accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. FIN 48 requires that the Company
recognize the impact of a tax position in the Companys financial statements if that
position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical
merits of the position. The provisions of FIN 48 are effective as of the beginning of
the Companys 2007 fiscal year, with the cumulative effect of the change in
accounting principle recorded as an adjustment to opening retained earnings. The Company
is currently evaluating the impact of FIN 48 on its consolidated financial statements, but
is not yet in a position to make this determination.
Stock-Based
Compensation Expense. Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the fair value
recognition provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS)
No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123R) using the
modified prospective transition method and therefore have not restated results for prior
periods. Our results of operations during 2006 were impacted by the recognition of
non-cash expense related to the fair value of our stock-based compensation awards. During
the year ended December 31, 2006, we recorded $9.3 million in pre-tax stock-based
compensation expense. Total stock-based compensation expense, net of tax, for the year
ended December 31, 2006 was $5.8 million.
Intangible
Assets. Under the provisions of SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other
Intangible Assets (SFAS 142), our goodwill and intangible assets with
indefinite useful lives are not amortized. Our intangible assets with finite lives
are recorded at cost and are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives and
are reviewed for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets (see Note 5 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements). We
are required to make judgments regarding the useful life of our intangible assets. With the implementation of SFAS 142, we determined certain intangible
assets to have indefinite lives based upon our analysis of the requirements of SFAS No.
141, Business Combinations (SFAS 141) and SFAS 142. Under the
provisions of SFAS 142, we are required to test these assets for impairment at least
annually. The annual impairment tests were completed and did not result in an
impairment charge. To the extent an impairment is identified in the future, we will record
the amount of the impairment as an operating expense in the period in which it is
identified.
-46-
Results of Operation
The
following table sets forth our operating results as a percentage of revenue for the
periods indicated:
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
Revenue |
|
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
Cost of sales | |
16.8 |
|
17.5 |
|
17.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit | |
83.2 |
|
82.5 |
|
82.5 |
|
| |
Operating expenses: | |
Selling expenses | |
42.9 |
|
42.1 |
|
43.1 |
|
General and administrative expenses | |
29.3 |
|
30.0 |
|
31.7 |
|
Impairment of assets and other | |
|
|
|
|
0.9 |
|
Restructuring and other charges |
|
|
|
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses | |
72.2 |
|
72.1 |
|
77.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income | |
11.0 |
|
10.4 |
|
4.9 |
|
Other income (expense), net | |
(.3 |
) |
(.3 |
) |
(.2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Income before provision for income taxes | |
10.7 |
|
10.1 |
|
4.7 |
|
Provision for income taxes | |
3.9 |
|
3.8 |
|
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
Net income | |
6.8 |
% |
6.3 |
% |
2.9 |
% |
2006 Compared to 2005
Overview
Revenue
in 2006 decreased 5% to $1.12 billion from $1.18 billion in 2005. The revenue decrease was
primarily attributable to local currency declines in Japan and China. In addition, foreign
currency exchange fluctuations negatively impacted reported revenue by 1% in 2006 compared
to 2005, particularly as a result of a weakening of the Japanese yen. Revenue in 2006 was
positively impacted by growth in South Korea, Europe, the United States, Indonesia, and a
number of our other markets around the world. Various global initiatives we implemented
during the past year contributed to the growth in these markets and have also had a
positive impact on Japan and China. In 2006 we launched several products and tools that
have been particularly successful, including our second-generation Pharmanex®
BioPhotonic Scanner (the S2 Scanner), our g3 nutrition drink, and
our Nu Skin® ProDerm Skin Analyzer (the ProDerm Skin Analyzer).
g3 is now one of our top selling products globally, generating more than $60.0
million in revenue in 2006.
Earnings
per share in 2006 were $0.47 compared to $1.04 in 2005 on a diluted basis. In addition to
the factors described above, the decrease was impacted by several factors, including:
|
|
|
restructuring
and impairment charges in the first quarter of 2006 totaling $20.0 million (net of taxes
of $12.0 million), or $0.28 per share, relating to a business transformation initiative
that we implemented during the first quarter; |
-47-
|
|
|
$5.8
million (net of taxes of $3.5 million) in stock-based compensation expense as a result of
the implementation of a new accounting standard requiring the expensing of stock-based
compensation beginning in the first quarter of 2006; |
|
|
|
our
relatively high fixed costs in China combined with revenue declines in that market, as
well as costs associated with the opening of Russia; and |
|
|
|
increased
distributor commission rates in Japan, as more fully described in the section below
entitled, "Selling Expenses." |
Revenue
North Asia. The following table
sets forth revenue for the North Asia region and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in
millions):
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japan |
|
$ 562.0 |
|
$ 476.5 |
|
(15%) |
|
South Korea | |
87.4 |
|
117.3 |
|
34% |
|
North Asia total | |
$ 649.4 |
|
$ 593.8 |
|
(9%) |
|
Foreign
currency fluctuations, particularly a weakening of the Japanese yen throughout the year,
negatively impacted North Asia region revenue by 5% in 2006 compared to 2005. Revenue in
this region was also negatively impacted by an 11% local currency decline in Japan in 2006
compared to 2005. Our active and executive distributor counts decreased 6% and 10%,
respectively, in Japan in 2006 compared to 2005. Our Japan revenue in 2006 was negatively
impacted by a slowdown in our business that started in the latter part of 2005, resulting
from several factors that impacted our sponsoring story for new distributors, including:
|
|
|
modifications
we made to our compensation plan in 2005 that we believe negatively impacted revenue and
distributor counts; |
|
|
|
a
scale-back of the roll-out of our first-generation BioPhotonic Scanner during the latter
part of 2005 in advance of the April 2006 launch of the S2 Scanner; |
|
|
|
regulatory
challenges related to our nutritional supplements and the Scanner which impact the way in
which we can market certain products; and |
|
|
|
declines
in our personal care revenue as a result of increased attention to our nutritional
business and the Scanner. |
During
2006, we have taken several steps to address these issues. Effective April 1, 2006, we
implemented some enhancements to distributor incentives in Japan in order to address the
negative impacts resulting from the 2005 modifications. Since April of 2006 we have been
rolling out the S2 Scanner in Japan, and we now have approximately 1,500 units in the
field. In June of 2006 we launched our g3 nutrition drink in Japan, and it is now
our second best-selling product there. In connection with these initiatives, we
implemented a corporate image and brand building campaign that includes facility upgrades
and media campaigns. We believe that these initiatives are beginning to have a positive
impact on our business in Japan, and as a result, we began to see improvements in our
year-over-year revenue comparisons in the third and fourth quarters of 2006.
-48-
While
we have successfully dealt with regulatory restrictions in the past with respect to our
nutritional sales in Japan, the regulatory environment appears to have resulted in a
slower than expected response to our Scanner roll-out in Japan that began in 2005. Our
nutritional supplements are sold as foods in Japan, which limits the claims we can make
with respect to such products, including an inability to claim that our products increase
antioxidant levels. In addition, although we are able to link the Scanner measurement to a
more general nutritional assessment (which we are not able to do in most of our other
markets), we are not able to link it to a specific measure of carotenoid antioxidant
levels. We are also limited in our ability to tie the Scanner measurement directly to the
consumption of our nutrition products.
Our
personal care business has slowed in Japan over the last couple of years as much of the
attention in this market has focused on our nutritional business. As a result, we are
focusing more resources on product development in personal care in order to revitalize
this part of our business there. As part of this effort, during the first part of 2007 we
plan to launch a new, advanced anti-aging skin care product called Beauty Essence
Duo that we believe will help promote our personal care business.
South
Korea has generated significant growth over the past three years in both our personal care
and nutrition businesses, and is now our third largest market. Local currency revenue in
South Korea grew 25% in 2006 compared to 2005, and active and executive distributor counts
grew significantly as well. We believe that these results were due to strong product and
other initiatives, alignment of our distributor leaders behind these initiatives, and a
strong sponsoring environment. Successful launches in 2006 include g3, a
reformulated Nu Skin 180° Anti-Aging Skin Therapy system, and Galvanic Spa
II.
Greater
China. The following table sets forth revenue for the Greater China region and its
principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
China |
|
$ 102.2 | |
$ 70.5 |
|
(31%) |
|
Taiwan |
|
92.4 |
|
93.1 |
|
1% |
|
Hong Kong | |
42.1 |
|
44.6 |
|
6% |
|
Greater China total | |
$ 236.7 |
|
$ 208.2 |
|
(9%) |
|
Foreign
currency exchange rate fluctuations did not significantly impact revenue in the Greater
China region in 2006. China revenue decreased by 31% in 2006 compared to 2005, and our
executive and active distributor counts decreased 23% and 31%, respectively. Beginning in
the latter part of 2005, we have experienced a slowdown in our business and a weakened
sponsoring environment in China. We believe this to be a result of several factors,
including delays in the direct selling licensing process following the enactment of new
direct selling regulations, related consumer uncertainty and government and media scrutiny
of the direct selling industry, which caused us to take a very conservative business
approach as we worked towards obtaining a direct selling license. These factors, as well
as changes to our compensation plan late in 2005, contributed to the slowdown and to a
loss of some high level sales representatives this past year.
In
July of 2006, we received national governmental approval to commence direct selling
activities in eight districts within Shanghai. We then obtained necessary local approvals
and commenced direct selling activities in Shanghai in January 2007. Although we are in
the very early stages of implementing direct selling in China, we are encouraged by
sequential month-over-month growth that we have experienced in China since our receipt of
our initial approval last July. Our direct selling license in Shanghai allows us to engage
an entry-level, non-employee sales force that can sell products away from fixed retail
locations. We are also able to hold larger training meetings than were previously allowed,
which we believe is helpful in sponsoring and business building. The new direct selling
regulations prohibit the use of multi-level compensation plans for direct selling, so we
compensate these independent contractors based on their personal selling efforts only. We
are structuring our direct sales model in a manner that we believe is complementary to our
existing retail store/sales representative model, and will benefit our overall business in
China. Our independent direct sellers, for example, will have the opportunity to become
employed sales representatives upon developing sales skills and a good customer base, and
be compensated for personal sales productivity as well as the productivity of the other
representatives that they train and supervise.
-49-
During
the next few quarters we will be focusing our efforts on expanding our direct selling
model into other provinces and municipalities throughout China. Because direct selling was
only recently authorized in China, the regulatory environment with respect to direct
selling in this market remains fluid and the process for obtaining the necessary
governmental approvals to conduct direct selling continues to evolve. The regulations and
processes in some circumstances have been interpreted differently by different
governmental authorities. In order to expand our direct selling model into additional
provinces, we currently must obtain a series of approvals from district, city, provincial
and national government agencies for each province. The licensing process includes a
requirement that we establish service centers that will primarily be used to
provide a product return location and will not require a large capital investment. We
expect that our retail stores and offices will qualify as service centers, but we plan to
add additional small service centers as necessary as we expand. In addition, products we
market with a general food classification, including our LifePak
supplements and certain other Pharmanex products, are not approved for direct selling, and
will therefore continue to be sold only through our retail store channel until such time
as we obtain a health food classification for these products.
As
we are being required to work with such a large number of provincial, city, district and
national governmental authorities, we have found that it is taking more time than
anticipated to work through the direct selling approval process with these authorities.
These authorities have broad discretion in interpreting the regulations and granting
necessary approvals. A delay in obtaining approvals at one level can delay our ability to
obtain approvals at the next level. In addition, we have received some indications from
the national government authorities that they intend to review and monitor the operations
of an approved direct selling company during an evaluation period before granting
approvals to such company to expand into additional provinces as regulators continue to
closely monitor the development of direct selling in China. The complexity of the approval
process as well as the governments continued cautious approach as direct selling
develops in China makes it difficult to predict the timeline for obtaining these
approvals.
Although
it will likely take some time to integrate direct selling into our business model, expand
throughout the country, and train our sales force to work successfully within the new
direct selling guidelines, we believe that this will continue to positively impact our
business in China as this process unfolds. For further discussion of the risks to our
business and uncertainties associated with the implementation of direct selling in China,
please refer to the section below entitled, Note Regarding Forward-Looking
Statements.
Local
currency revenue for 2006 in Taiwan was up 4% and Hong Kong local currency revenue was up
3% when compared with 2005. During 2006 these markets benefited from the S2 Scanner
initiative, the launch of g3, and distributor excitement surrounding business
opportunities in China as we work towards rolling out direct selling there. In June of
2006 we completed the build-out of a gym spa in Taiwan consisting of a product
showcase combined with a fitness center and spa. This facility is generating additional
brand awareness in this market.
-50-
Americas.
The following table sets forth revenue for the Americas region and its principal
markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States |
|
$ 144.5 |
|
$ 147.1 |
|
2% |
|
Canada | |
9.6 |
|
10.0 |
|
(4%) |
|
Latin America | |
8.0 |
|
8.8 |
|
9% |
|
Americas total | |
$ 162.1 |
|
$ 165.9 |
|
2% |
|
We
believe that growth in the United States was a result of several key initiatives
implemented during 2006. Since the second quarter of 2006 we have been rolling out S2
Scanners and ProDerm Skin Analyzer units into the market. We also continued to benefit
from the 2005 launch of Photomax, our digital imaging service. Each of these
initiatives are proving to be successful sponsoring and sales tools, and growing revenue
in each of our product categories. The ProDerm Skin Analyzer, for example, has quickly
become a powerful tool for our distributors, contributing to a 28% year-over-year growth
in sales in our personal care product category in the fourth quarter of 2006. This tool
enables distributors to demonstrate the effectiveness of our skin care products by
providing close up skin images. We launched the initial version of this tool only in the
United States and Europe. As we continue to evaluate the success of this tool in these
markets, we are formulating plans to launch an enhanced version globally. Currently, we
plan to introduce an improved second-generation model at our upcoming September 2007
global distributor convention. This new version will have improved optics, a larger camera
area, sharper focus and improved hardware. In addition, we are in the process of
developing a new weight management system that we currently plan to introduce into the
U.S. market later this year, with a global roll out beginning in 2008.
In
October of 2006, we held a North American distributor convention in Salt Lake City
attended by over 3,500 distributors and guests. Our distributor force is enthusiastic
about our current and planned initiatives in this region, as demonstrated by growth in
active and executive distributor counts of 2% and 9%, respectively, in 2006 compared to
2005.
South
Asia/Pacific. The following table sets forth revenue for the South Asia/Pacific region
and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Singapore/Malaysia/Brunei |
|
$ 41.4 |
|
$ 33.2 |
|
(20%) |
|
Thailand | |
23.7 |
|
26.5 |
|
12% |
|
Australia/New Zealand | |
13.3 |
|
14.2 |
|
7% |
|
Indonesia | |
4.2 |
|
10.3 |
|
145% |
|
Philippines | |
4.1 |
|
3.8 |
|
(7%) |
|
South Asia/Pacific total | |
$ 86.7 |
|
$ 88.0 | |
2% |
|
Foreign
currency exchange rate fluctuations positively impacted revenue in South Asia/Pacific by
4% in 2006 compared to 2005. Revenue growth in this region was attributed to incremental
revenue from our Indonesia market that was opened in August of 2005, and from strong
growth in Thailand and Australia/New Zealand. During the first part of 2006, our
Singapore/Malaysia/Brunei markets suffered declines as our distributor force adjusted to
compensation plan modifications implemented in latter 2005. However, as a result of our
2006 initiatives, particularly the third quarter launch of g3, these markets have
begun to experience improving year-over-year revenue trends during the last few quarters.
Active distributor counts decreased in the South Asia/Pacific region by 10%, while
executive counts increased 6% in 2006 compared to 2005.
-51-
Europe.
The following table sets forth revenue for our Europe region (U.S. dollars in
millions):
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
$ 46.0 |
|
$ 59.5 |
|
29% |
|
Revenue
growth in Europe was primarily a result of growth in Germany and France and the expansion
into Israel and Russia. As a result of steady growth in Europe over the past three years,
this region is becoming a significant market for our business. We believe that our success
in Europe is attributable to strong alignment of distributor leaders behind certain
initiatives, including the S2 Scanner and the Galvanic Spa II. During 2006 we also
introduced a limited number of ProDerm Skin Analyzer units into the region, and this tool
has been received with a positive response by our European distributors. Our active and
executive distributor counts increased by 26% and 17%, respectively, in 2006 compared to
2005.
Gross
profit
Gross profit
as a percentage of revenue in 2006 remained level with 2005 at 82.5%. The negative impact
from a strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Japanese yen during 2006 was offset by
a positive impact from a decrease in Scanner amortization following our transition to less
expensive S2 Scanners and the write-down of first generation Scanner units in the first
quarter of 2006. Going forward, we anticipate that gross margins may decrease slightly as
a result of a continued weakening of the Japanese yen as well as increased air freight
costs and g3 supply costs.
Selling
expenses
Selling expenses
decreased to $480.1 million in 2006 from $497.4 million in 2005, but increased as a
percentage of revenue to 43.1% in 2006 from 42.1% in 2005. The increase as a percentage of
revenue was due primarily to an increase in the average commission rate in Japan in 2006,
resulting from enhancements to our compensation plan which took effect April 1, 2006 and
were designed to bring the average commission rate in that market back to its previous
levels before the implementation of a change in 2005.
General
and administrative expenses
General and
administrative expenses decreased to $353.4 million in 2006 from $354.2 million in 2005,
but increased as a percentage of revenue to 31.7% in 2006 from 30.0% in 2005. The overall
decline in general and administrative expenses in 2006 was a result of our transformation
initiative implemented this past year aimed at streamlining our business reducing
overhead. These savings were offset by other increased costs, including $9.3 million of
stock-based compensation expenses as a result of the adoption of SFAS 123R in 2006, and
expenses associated with the commencement and expansion of operations in new markets,
including Russia and Indonesia. These factors, together with higher fixed expenses in
China related to our retail operations, coupled with lower revenue in China, resulted in
the increase in general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue in 2006
compared to 2005.
In
connection with our adoption of SFAS 123R in 2006, we began granting fewer incentive stock
option awards and began granting more restricted stock unit awards. The use of restricted
stock unit awards will result in lower dilution and lower expense than would be the case
if we continued to grant only stock options in accordance with historical practice.
-52-
Impairment
of assets and other
During
the first quarter of 2006, we recorded impairment charges of $20.8 million, primarily
relating to our first generation Scanners. In February 2006, as a result of our launch of
and transition to the S2 Scanner, we determined it was necessary to write down the book
value of the existing inventory of the prior model of the Scanner. The impairment charges
relating to the Scanner recorded during the first quarter of 2006 totaled $19.0 million.
In
addition, during the first quarter of 2006 we completed a settlement agreement with a Big
Planet vendor to terminate our purchase commitments for video technology for approximately
$1.8 million as we moved away from this technology in our Big Planet business.
Restructuring
and other charges
During
the first quarter of 2006, we recorded restructuring and other charges of $11.1 million,
primarily relating to our business transformation initiative designed to (i) eliminate
organizational redundancies, (ii) revamp administrative support functions, (iii)
prioritize investments to favor profitable initiatives and markets, and (iv) increase
efficiencies in the supply chain process. As a result, our overall headcount was reduced
by approximately 225 employees, the majority of which related to the elimination of
positions at our U.S. headquarters. These expenses consisted primarily of severance and
other compensation charges.
Although
our business transformation initiative will be an ongoing process, nearly all of the
restructuring expenses related to the transformation were incurred during the first
quarter of 2006. These initiatives generated savings of approximately $15 million in 2006
and we anticipate continued savings going forward. We are investing a portion of these
savings towards various growth initiatives, particularly in Japan.
Other
income (expense), net
Other income
(expense), net was $2.0 million of expense in 2006 compared to $4.2
million of expense in 2005. Fluctuations in other income (expense), net are impacted by
interest income and expense and foreign exchange fluctuations to the U.S. dollar on the
translation of yen-based bank debt and other foreign denominated intercompany balances
into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes.
Provision
for income taxes
Provision for
income taxes decreased to $19.9 million in 2006 from $44.9 million in 2005. The effective
tax rate decreased slightly to 37.7% from 37.8% of pre-tax income in 2006 and 2005,
respectively.
Net
income
As
a result of the foregoing factors, net income decreased to $32.8 million in 2006 from
$74.0 million in 2005.
-53-
2005 Compared to 2004
Overview
Revenue
in 2005 increased 4% to $1.18 billion from $1.14 billion in 2004. The revenue increase in
2005 was a result of year-over-year growth in Korea, Taiwan, Europe and the United States,
and expansion into Indonesia. The revenue increase is also attributable in part to a 1%
positive impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. During 2005, we continued
to see the positive impact of our Scanner and monthly product subscription programs.
Subscription orders represented 42% of our revenue in 2005, compared to 29% in the prior
year. Reported revenue in 2005 was negatively impacted by a weakening of the Japanese yen
during the second half of the year which declined from 111.62 yen to the U.S. dollar on
July 1, 2005 to 117.94 yen to the U.S. dollar on December 31, 2005. Revenue growth in 2005
was also negatively impacted by declines in local currency revenue in China and Japan in
the second half of the year. Our active and executive distributor counts were down 2% and
5% in 2005 compared to 2004, respectively, primarily due to declines in China and Japan as
discussed below.
Earnings
per share in 2005 decreased by 3%, or $0.03 per share, compared to 2004, primarily as a
result of a lower gross margin, higher general and administrative expenses and a higher
effective tax rate.
Revenue
North Asia. The following table
sets forth revenue for the North Asia region and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in
millions):
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japan |
|
$ 574.4 |
|
$ 562.0 |
|
(2%) |
|
South Korea | |
65.7 |
|
87.4 |
|
33% |
|
North Asia total | |
$ 640.1 |
|
$ 649.4 |
|
1% |
|
Revenue
in Japan decreased 2% in 2005 compared to 2004 and was negatively impacted 1% by changes
in foreign currency exchange rates following a significant weakening of the Japanese yen
during the second half of the year. In local currency, revenue in Japan decreased 1% as a
result of a local currency decline in the second half of the year. This decline was a
result of the following:
|
|
|
modifications
to distributor incentives that appear to have negatively impacted revenue later in the
second half of the year and resulted in declines in executive distributors; |
|
|
|
a
slower than expected market response to our roll-out of the Scanner program during 2005
due to regulatory constraints; and |
|
|
|
our
scale-back of the Scanner roll-out and related promotional campaigns during the latter
part of 2005 in anticipation of the 2006 launch of the S2 Scanner. |
In
2005 we made some modifications to our compensation plan in Japan similar to changes that
had been successfully implemented previously in other markets, including the United
States. Upon review of our second-half results in Japan, it appears that the changes in
incentives did not have the same positive impact as they did in other markets and
contributed to the decline in revenue. Effective April 1, 2006, we implemented some
enhancements to distributor incentives in Japan in order to address the negative impacts
resulting from previous modifications.
-54-
While
we have successfully dealt with regulatory restrictions in the past with respect to our
nutritional sales in Japan, the regulatory environment appears to have resulted in a
slower than expected response to our 2005 Scanner roll-out in Japan. Our nutritional
supplements are sold as foods in Japan, which limits the claims we can make with respect
to such products, including an inability to claim that our products increase antioxidant
levels. In addition, although we are able to link the Scanner measurement to a more
general nutritional assessment (which we are not able to do in most of our other markets),
we are not able to link it to a specific measure of carotenoid antioxidant levels. We are
also limited in our ability to tie the Scanner measurement directly to the consumption of
our nutrition products.
South
Korea generated its eighth consecutive quarter of year-over-year growth in the fourth
quarter of 2005, with local currency revenue growth of 19% in 2005 compared to 2004 as
well as significant growth in our active and executive distributor counts. We believe that
these results were due to strong product and other initiatives and alignment of our
distributor leaders behind these initiatives.
Greater
China. The following table sets forth revenue for the Greater China region and its
principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
China |
|
$ 105.6 |
|
$ 102.2 |
|
(3%) |
|
Taiwan |
|
82.8 |
|
92.4 |
|
12% |
|
Hong Kong | |
41.4 |
|
42.1 |
|
2% |
|
Greater China total | |
$ 229.8 |
|
$ 236.7 |
|
3% |
|
Revenue
growth in Greater China was primarily a result of year-over-year growth in Taiwan. The
region also benefited from a 2% positive impact of changes in foreign currency exchange
rates.
China
revenue decreased by 3% in 2005 compared to 2004. We experienced sequential growth in our
business in China during the first half of the year following the introduction of
Pharmanex products and the Scanner. Our business declined, however, during the second half
of the year as a result of changes we made to our compensation plan in China in July of
2005 in order to prepare for anticipated direct selling regulations in that market. These
changes negatively impacted our revenue during the second half of the year as our sales
representatives adapted to them. In addition, in September of 2005, the Chinese government
announced the adoption of the new direct selling regulations. Consumer uncertainty
regarding the impact of the new regulations increased following publication of the new
regulations, also negatively impacting our sales during the second half of the year. These
issues contributed to a 30% decline in our sales representative count in 2005 compared to
2004.
Taiwan
and Hong Kong each generated revenue growth in 2005 compared to the prior year. In local
currency, Taiwan grew 8% in 2005 compared to 2004, driven by success with the Scanner
program. We saw a leveling of business in Taiwan during the second half of the year, with
revenue down in the fourth quarter on a year-over-year basis. Fourth quarter revenue in
Hong Kong was also down year-over-year in the fourth quarter, due to Pharmanex sales to
China sales representatives shifting to China with the 2005 launch of Pharmanex products
in that market.
-55-
Americas.
The following table sets forth revenue for the Americas region and its principal
markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States |
|
$ 135.7 |
|
$ 144.5 |
|
6% |
|
Canada | |
10.0 |
|
9.6 |
|
(4%) |
|
Latin America | |
3.9 |
|
8.0 |
|
105% |
|
North America total | |
$ 149.6 |
|
$ 162.1 |
|
8% |
|
Revenue
in the United States grew 6% in 2005 compared to 2004 and was positively impacted by:
|
|
|
our
monthly product subscription program; and |
|
|
|
the
launch of a number of new, innovative Pharmanex, Nu Skin and Big Planet products. |
In
early 2005 we launched Photomax, a Big Planet digital imaging service, and during
the fourth quarter of 2005 we launched a newly reformulated LifePak product.
Following
modifications to our business model in Latin America a couple of years ago, we began
to experience rapid growth in that region through 2005 in terms of revenue and distributor numbers, particularly
in Mexico. Towards the end of 2005, we began to experience a slowing of growth rates in Latin America.
South
Asia/Pacific. The following table sets forth revenue for the South Asia/Pacific region
and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Singapore/Malaysia/Brunei |
|
$ 40.0 |
|
$ 41.4 |
|
3% |
|
Thailand | |
25.6 |
|
23.7 |
|
(7%) |
|
Australia/New Zealand | |
13.1 |
|
13.3 |
|
2% |
|
Indonesia | |
|
|
4.2 |
|
|
|
Philippines | |
3.1 |
|
4.1 |
|
32% |
|
South Asia/Pacific total | |
$ 81.8 |
|
$ 86.7 |
|
6% |
|
Revenue
in South Asia/Pacific increased 6% in 2005 compared to 2004, and was positively impacted
1% by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The increase in local currency revenue
in this region was due primarily to revenue generated in Indonesia following its August
2005 opening. Revenue growth in Singapore/Malaysia/Brunei was somewhat offset by declines
in the second half of the year as some of our distributor leaders in these markets focused
their attention on business opportunities in Indonesia and away from their home markets,
as well as negative impacts from modifications to distributor incentives implemented in
September of 2005. Following four years of solid growth in Thailand, our business softened
in 2005.
Europe.
The following table sets forth revenue for our Europe region (U.S. dollars in
millions):
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
$ 36.6 |
|
$ 46.0 |
|
26% |
|
Revenue
growth in Europe was a result of success with the Scanner, our product subscription
program, and expansion into Eastern Europe. These initiatives positively impacted
distributor leadership, resulting in a 27% growth in our executive distributor count.
-56-
Gross
profit
Gross profit
as a percentage of revenue decreased to 82.5% in 2005, compared to 83.2% in 2004, as a
result of increased amortization costs associated with the continued global expansion of
the Scanner, and the strengthening of the U.S. dollar, particularly against the Japanese
yen, during the second half of the year.
Selling expenses
Selling expenses
as a percentage of revenue decreased to 42.1% in 2005 from 42.9% in 2004.
Selling expenses increased to $497.4 million from $487.6 million in 2004. The decrease in
selling expenses as a percentage of revenue is due primarily to the following:
|
|
|
short-term
sales incentives paid in Japan in 2004 that were not paid in 2005; |
|
|
|
the
continued global expansion of the Scanner program, as no commissions are paid on lease
revenue; and |
|
|
|
slightly
lower incentive expenses in China. |
General
and administrative expenses
General and
administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 30.0% in 2005 from 29.3%
in 2004. General and administrative expenses increased to $354.2 million in 2005 from
$333.3 million in 2004. General and administrative expenses in 2005 were impacted by the
incremental costs associated with our investment in various growth initiatives, including
further development of China, Latin America and Europe, new market openings, and the
global expansion of the Scanner program.
Other
income (expense), net
Other income
(expense), net was $4.2 million of expense in 2005 compared to $3.6
million of expense in 2004. Fluctuations in other income (expense), net are impacted by
interest expense and foreign exchange fluctuations to the U.S. dollar on the translation
of yen-based bank debt and other foreign denominated intercompany balances into U.S.
dollars for financial reporting purposes. The increase in other expense in 2005 was
primarily a result of foreign exchange fluctuations.
Provision
for income taxes
Provision for
income taxes increased to $44.9 million in 2005 from $44.5 million in 2004. The effective
tax rate increased to 37.8% from 36.4% of pre-tax income in 2005 and 2004, respectively.
This increase in the effective tax rate was due to an increase in the amount of
nondeductible executive compensation, reconciliation of U.S. and foreign income tax
payable amounts and other nondeductible expenses related to equity compensation.
Net
income
As
a result of the foregoing factors, net income decreased to $74.0 million in 2005 from
$77.7 million in 2004.
-57-
Liquidity and Capital
Resources
Historically,
our principal uses of cash have included operating expenses, particularly selling
expenses, and working capital (principally inventory purchases), as well as capital
expenditures, stock repurchases, dividends, debt repayment, and the development of
operations in new markets. We have generally relied on cash flow from operations to fund
operating activities, and we have at times incurred long-term debt in order to fund
strategic transactions and stock repurchases.
We
typically generate positive cash flow from operations due to favorable gross margins and
the variable nature of selling expenses, which constitute a significant percentage of
operating expenses. We generated $75.8 million in cash from operations in 2006, compared
to $114.1 million in 2005. This decrease in cash generated from operations is due to lower
revenue and profitability in 2006, resulting in part from approximately $11 million in severance payments and other
restructuring charges.
As
of December 31, 2006, working capital was $109.4 million compared to $149.1 million as of
December 31, 2005. Our working capital decreased primarily due to a decrease in cash and
cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2006 were $121.4 million
compared to $155.4 million at December 31, 2005. The decrease in cash was primarily the
result of an increase in payment of debt and repurchases of stock in 2006 compared to
2005.
Capital
expenditures in 2006 totaled $35.7 million, and we anticipate capital expenditures of
approximately $30 million to $35 million for 2007. These capital expenditures are
primarily related to:
|
|
|
purchases
of computer systems and software, including equipment and development
costs for Photomax; and |
|
|
|
the
build-out of manufacturing and additional retail stores in China, as well as other
leasehold improvements in our various markets. |
We
currently have long-term debt pursuant to various credit facilities and other borrowings.
The following table summarizes these long-term debt arrangements as of December 31, 2006:
Facility or Arrangement(1) | |
Original Principal Amount | |
Balance as of December 31, 2006(2) | |
Interest Rate | |
Repayment terms | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 Japanese yen denominated notes |
|
9.7 billion yen |
|
5.5 billion yen ($46.6 million as of December 31, 2006) |
|
3.0% |
|
Notes due October 2010, with annual principal payments that began in October 2004. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
2003 $205.0 million multi-currency uncommitted shelf facility:(3) | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
U.S. dollar denominated: | |
$50.0 million | |
$40.0 million | |
4.5% | |
Notes due April 2010 with annual principal payments beginning April 2006. | |
-58-
Facility or Arrangement(1) | |
Original Principal Amount | |
Balance as of December 31, 2006(2) | |
Interest Rate | |
Repayment terms | |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
$25.0 million | |
$10.0 million | |
4.0% | |
Notes due April 2008 with annual principal payments that began in October 2004. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
$40.0 million | |
$40.0 million | |
6.2% | |
Notes due July 2016, with annual principal payments beginning July 2010. |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Japanese yen denominated: | |
3.1 billion yen | |
3.1 billion yen ($26.2 million as of December 31, 2006) | |
1.7% | |
Notes due April 2014, with annual principal payments beginning April 2008. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
2004 $25.0 million revolving credit facility | |
N/A | |
$0 | |
N/A | |
Credit facility expires May 2007 | |
(1) |
|
Each of the credit facilities and arrangements listed in the table are
secured by guarantees issued by our material domestic subsidiaries and by
pledges of 65% to 100% of the outstanding stock of our material foreign
subsidiaries. |
(2) |
|
The current portion of our long-term debt (i.e. becoming due in the next 12
months) includes $11.7 million of the balance on our 2000 Japanese yen
denominated notes and $15.0 million of the balance on our U.S. dollar
denominated debt under the 2003 multi-currency uncommitted shelf facility. |
(3) |
|
On January 19, 2007, the Company borrowed an additional $40 million under this
facility and issued a series of U.S. dollar denominated senior promissory notes
bearing a 6.14% interest rate per annum, with interest payable semi-annually
beginning on July 20, 2007. The final maturity date of the Notes is January 20,
2017 and principal prepayments are required annually beginning on January 20,
2011 in equal installments of approximately $5.7 million. |
Our
board of directors has approved a stock repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase
our outstanding shares of Class A common stock on the open market or in private
transactions. The repurchases are used primarily for our equity incentive plans and
strategic initiatives. During the year ended December 31, 2006, we repurchased
approximately 3.8 million shares of Class A common stock under this program for an
aggregate amount of approximately $67.5 million. At December 31, 2006, approximately $60.6
million was available under the stock repurchase program for repurchases. We have
continued to repurchase stock in 2007, and as of February 15, 2007, approximately $43.4
million was available under the stock repurchase program for repurchases.
During
each quarter of 2006, our board of directors declared cash dividends of $0.10 per share on
our Class A common stock. These quarterly cash dividends totaled approximately $27.8
million and were paid during 2006 to stockholders of record in 2006. In February 2007, the
board of directors declared a dividend to be paid in March 2007 of $0.105 per share for
Class A common stock. Currently, we anticipate that our board of directors will continue
to declare quarterly cash dividends and that the cash flows from operations will be
sufficient to fund our future dividend payments. However, the declaration of dividends is
subject to the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon various factors,
including our net earnings, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects and
other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.
-59-
We
believe we have sufficient liquidity to be able to meet our obligations on both a
short-term and long-term basis. We currently believe that existing cash balances together
with future cash flows from operations and existing lines of credit will be adequate to
fund our cash needs. The majority of our historical expenses have been variable in nature
and, as such, a potential reduction in the level of revenue would reduce our cash flow
needs. In the event that our current cash balances, future cash flow from operations and
current lines of credit are not sufficient to meet our obligations or strategic needs, we
would consider raising additional funds in the debt or equity markets or restructuring our
current debt obligations. Additionally, we would consider realigning our strategic plans
including a reduction in capital spending, stock repurchases or dividend payments.
Due to the international nature of
our business, we are subject from time to time to reviews and audits by the foreign taxing authorities of the various jurisdictions in which we
conduct business throughout the world. In 1999, we implemented a duty valuation methodology with respect to the importation of certain
products into Japan. For purposes of the import transactions at issue, we had taken the position that,
under applicable customs law, there was a sale between the manufacturer and our
Japan subsidiary, and that customs duties should be assessed on the manufacturer's invoice. The Valuation Department of the Yokohama customs
authorities reviewed and approved this methodology at that time, and it had been reviewed on several occasions by the audit division of the
Japan customs authorities since then. In connection with subsequent audits in 2004, the Yokohama customs authorities assessed us additional
duties and penalties on these products imported into Japan from October 2002 to October 2004, based on a different valuation methodology than
what was previously approved. With respect to the periods under audit, the customs authorities took the position that the relevant import
transaction involved a sale between our U.S.
affiliate and our Japan subsidiary and that duties should be assessed on the value of that transaction.
We disputed this assessment. We also
disputed the amount of duties we were required to pay on products imported from November of 2004 to June of 2005 for similar reasons. The
total amount assessed or in dispute is approximately $25.0 million, net of any recovery of consumption taxes. Effective July 1, 2005, we
implemented some modifications to our business structure in Japan and in the United States that we believe will eliminate any further customs
valuation disputes with respect to product imports in Japan after that time.
Because we believe the documentation and legal analysis supports our position and the valuation methodology we used with respect to the
products in dispute had been reviewed and approved by the customs authorities in Japan, we believe the assessments are improper and we filed
letters of protest with Yokohama customs with respect to this entire amount. Yokohama customs rejected our letters of protest, and to follow
proper administrative procedures we filed appeals with the Japan Ministry of Finance. On June 26, 2006, we were advised that the Ministry of
Finance had rejected the appeals filed with their office relating to the imports from October 2002 to October 2004. We decided to appeal this
issue through the judicial court system in Japan, and on December 22, 2006 we filed a complaint with the Tokyo District Court Civil Action Section
with respect to this period. In January 2007, we were advised that the Ministry of Finance also rejected our appeal with them for the imports from November 2004 to June
2005. We currently plan
to appeal this decision with the court system in Japan as well. One of the findings cited by the
Ministry of Finance in its decisions was that we had treated the transactions as sales between our U.S.
affiliate and our Japan subsidiary on our corporate income tax return under applicable income tax and
transfer pricing laws. We have paid the $25.0 million in customs duties and assessments, the amount of
which we recorded in "Other Assets" in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. To the extent that we are unsuccessful in recovering the amounts
assessed and paid, we will be required to take a corresponding charge to our earnings.
In
Taiwan, we are currently subject to an audit by tax authorities with respect to the
deductibility of distributor commission expenses in that market. In order to avoid the
running of the statute of limitations with respect to the 1999 and 2000 tax years, the
Taiwan tax authorities have disallowed our commission expense deductions for those years
and assessed us a total of approximately $18.7 million. At this stage of the discussions, we
are not required to pay the amount of tax under dispute. We are contesting this assessment
and are in discussions with the tax authorities in an effort to resolve this matter. Based
on our understanding of this matter, we do not believe that it is probable that we will
incur a loss relating to this matter and accordingly have not provided any related
reserves.
-60-
Contractual Obligations
and Contingencies
The
following table sets forth payments due by period for fixed contractual obligations as of
December 31, 2006 (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
Total | |
2007 | |
2008-2009 | |
2010-2011 | |
Thereafter | |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Long-term debt obligations(1) |
|
$ 186,676 |
|
$ 32,387 |
|
$ 64,411 |
|
$ 45,506 |
|
$ 44,372 |
|
Capital lease obligations | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating lease obligations(2) | |
39,309 |
|
12,829 |
|
17,488 |
|
8,992 |
|
|
|
Purchase obligations | |
87,522 |
|
49,931 |
|
29,388 |
|
4,836 |
|
3,367 |
|
Other long-term liabilities reflected
on the balance sheet(3) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total | |
$ 313,507 |
|
$ 95,147 |
|
$ 111,287 |
|
$ 59,334 |
|
$ 47,739 |
|
(1) |
|
In
October 2006, we made a borrowing under our 2003 multi currency uncommitted
shelf facility (shelf facility) in the amount of $40.0
million. The facility was also increased from $125 million to $205 million
at that time (see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). In
January 2007, we made an additional $40.0 million borrowing under our
shelf facility. |
(2) |
|
Operating
leases include corporate office and warehouse space with two entities that
are owned by certain officers and directors of our company who are also
founding shareholders. Total payments under these leases were $3.7 million
for the year ended December 31, 2006 with remaining long-term obligations
under these leases of $17.1 million. |
(3) |
|
Other long-term liabilities reflected on the balance sheet of $42.2 million primarily consisting of
long-term tax related balances, in which the timing of the commitments is uncertain. |
Seasonality and
Cyclicality
In
addition to general economic factors, we are impacted by seasonal factors and trends such
as major cultural events and vacation patterns. For example, most Asian markets celebrate
their respective local New Year in the first quarter, which generally has a negative
impact on that quarter. We believe that direct selling in Japan, the United States and
Europe is also generally negatively impacted during the third quarter, when many
individuals, including our distributors, traditionally take vacations.
We
have experienced rapid revenue growth in certain new markets following commencement of
operations. This initial rapid growth has often been followed by a short period of stable
or declining revenue, then followed by renewed growth fueled by product introductions, an
increase in the number of active distributors and increased distributor productivity. The
contraction following initial rapid growth has been more pronounced in certain new
markets, due to other factors such as business or economic conditions or distributor
distractions outside the market.
-61-
Distributor Information
The
following table provides information concerning the number of active and executive
distributors as of the dates indicated. Active distributors are those distributors and
preferred customers who were resident in the countries in which we operated and purchased
products for resale or personal consumption directly from us during the three months ended
as of the date indicated. Executive distributors are active distributors who have achieved
required monthly personal and group sales volumes as well as full-time sales
representatives in China who have completed a qualification process and receive a salary,
labor benefits and bonuses based on their personal sales efforts.
|
As of December 31, 2004 | |
As of December 31, 2005 | |
As of December 31, 2006 | |
|
Active | |
Executive | |
Active | |
Executive | |
Active | |
Executive | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
North Asia |
|
337,000 |
|
16,637 |
|
340,000 |
|
16,129 |
|
333,000 |
|
15,354 |
|
Greater China | |
229,000 |
|
8,827 |
|
191,000 |
|
7,134 |
|
155,000 |
|
6,492 |
|
Americas | |
145,000 |
|
3,473 |
|
147,000 |
|
3,893 |
|
150,000 |
|
4,141 |
|
South Asia/Pacific | |
74,000 |
|
2,076 |
|
81,000 |
|
2,043 |
|
73,000 |
|
2,169 |
|
Europe | |
35,000 |
|
1,003 |
|
44,000 |
|
1,272 |
|
50,000 |
|
1,600 |
|
Total | |
820,000 |
|
32,016 |
|
803,000 |
|
30,471 |
|
761,000 |
|
29,756 |
|
Quarterly Results
The
following table sets forth selected unaudited quarterly data for the periods shown (U.S.
dollars in millions, except per share amounts):
|
2006 | |
2005 | |
|
1st
Quarter | |
2nd
Quarter | |
3rd
Quarter | |
4th
Quarter | |
1st
Quarter | |
2nd
Quarter | |
3rd
Quarter
| |
4th Quarter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue |
|
$ 289.3 |
|
$ 310.1 |
|
$ 290.8 |
|
$ 290.7 |
|
$ 265.8 |
|
$ 284.1 |
|
$ 276.3 |
|
$ 289.2 |
|
Gross profit | |
239.7 |
|
256.1 |
|
239.3 |
|
239.7 |
|
218.8 |
|
235.7 |
|
228.0 |
|
237.8 |
|
Operating income | |
28.8 |
|
37.0 |
|
30.0 |
|
27.3 |
|
(15.5 |
) |
23.9 |
|
21.0 |
|
25.3 |
|
Net income | |
17.7 |
|
22.8 |
|
17.7 |
|
15.8 |
|
(10.3 |
) |
14.1 |
|
13.2 |
|
15.9 |
|
Net income per share: | |
Basic | |
0.25 |
|
0.33 |
|
0.25 |
|
0.22 |
|
(0.15 |
) |
0.20 |
|
0.19 |
|
0.23 |
|
Diluted | |
0.25 |
|
0.32 |
|
0.25 |
|
0.22 |
|
(0.15 |
) |
0.20 |
|
0.19 |
|
0.23 |
|
Recent Accounting
Pronouncements
In
December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123R, Share-Based Payment, which requires
the expensing of stock-based compensation beginning the first fiscal year that begins
after June 15, 2005. Consequently, we began expensing stock-based compensation during the
first quarter of 2006 and recorded stock-based compensation expense of approximately $9.3
million in 2006. Through 2005, we accounted for stock-based compensation granted to
employees according to the provisions of APB Opinion No. 25.
In
June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation Number 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in
Income Taxes an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48),
which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. FIN 48 requires that
we recognize the impact of a tax position in our financial statements if that position is
more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the
position. The provisions of FIN 48 are effective as of the beginning of our 2007
fiscal year, with the cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle recorded as
an adjustment to opening retained earnings. We are currently evaluating the impact of FIN
48 on our consolidated financial statements, but are not yet in a position to make this
determination.
-62-
Currency Risk and
Exchange Rate Information
A
majority of our revenue and many of our expenses are recognized primarily outside of the
United States, except for inventory purchases, which are primarily transacted in U.S.
dollars from vendors in the United States. The local currency of each of our
subsidiaries primary markets is considered the functional currency. All revenue and
expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates for the periods reported.
Therefore, our reported revenue and earnings will be positively impacted by a weakening of
the U.S. dollar and will be negatively impacted by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar.
Over the past year or so we have seen an overall weakening of the Japanese yen against the U.S.
dollar. Any further weakening of the yen would negatively impact reported revenue and
profits. Given the uncertainty of exchange rate fluctuations, we cannot estimate the
effect of these fluctuations on our future business, product pricing and results of
operations or financial condition.
We
seek to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates through the
use of foreign currency exchange contracts, through intercompany loans of foreign currency
and through our Japanese yen-denominated debt. We do not use derivative financial
instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We regularly monitor our foreign currency
risks and periodically take measures to reduce the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations
on our operating results.
Our
foreign currency derivatives are comprised of over-the-counter forward contracts with
major international financial institutions. As of December 31, 2006, we had contracts with
notional amounts totaling $10.1 million with expiration dates through December 2007. All
of these contracts were denominated in Japanese yen. For the year ended December 31, 2006,
we recorded gains of $1.9 million in operating income, and gains of $0.2 million, net of
tax, in other comprehensive income related to the fair market valuation of our outstanding
forward contracts. Because of our foreign exchange contracts at December 31, 2006, the
impact of a 10% appreciation or 10% depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Japanese
yen would not represent a material potential loss in fair value, earnings or cash flows
against these contracts. This potential loss does not consider the underlying foreign
currency transaction or translation exposures to which we are subject.
Following
are the weighted-average currency exchange rates of U.S. $1 into local currency for each
of our international or foreign markets in which revenue exceeded U.S. $5.0 million for at
least one of the quarters listed:
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
1st
Quarter | |
2nd
Quarter | |
3rd
Quarter | |
4th
Quarter | |
1st
Quarter | |
2nd
Quarter | |
3rd
Quarter
| |
4th Quarter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japan(1) |
|
104.5 |
|
107.5 |
|
111.3 |
|
117.3 |
|
116.9 |
|
114.3 |
|
116.3 |
|
117.7 |
|
Taiwan | |
31.5 |
|
31.4 |
|
32.3 |
|
33.4 |
|
32.3 |
|
32.2 |
|
32.8 |
|
32.8 |
|
Hong Kong | |
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
South Korea | |
1,022.4 |
|
1,008.4 |
|
1,029.4 |
|
1,036.0 |
|
975.7 |
|
949.3 |
|
954.8 |
|
937.0 |
|
Malaysia | |
3.8 |
|
3.8 |
|
3.8 |
|
3.8 |
|
3.7 |
|
3.6 |
|
3.7 |
|
3.6 |
|
Thailand | |
38.6 |
|
40.1 |
|
41.3 |
|
41.0 |
|
39.3 |
|
38.1 |
|
37.7 |
|
36.5 |
|
China | |
8.3 |
|
8.3 |
|
8.1 |
|
8.1 |
|
8.1 |
|
8.0 |
|
8.0 |
|
7.9 |
|
(1) |
|
As
of February 15, 2007, the exchange rate of U.S. $1 into the Japanese yen was
approximately 119.2. |
-63-
Note Regarding
Forward-Looking Statements
With
the exception of historical facts, the statements contained in Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, are
forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities
Litigation Reform Act of 1995 which reflect our current expectations and beliefs regarding
our future results of operations, performance and achievements.
These statements are subject to risks
and uncertainties and are based upon assumptions and beliefs that may not materialize.
These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning:
|
|
|
our
plans to launch or to continue to roll out certain products, tools and other initiatives
in our various markets, and our belief that these initiatives and other recent product
launches and initiatives will positively impact our business going forward; |
|
|
|
our
plans regarding the expansion of direct selling in China, and our belief that this will
positively impact our business there; |
|
|
|
our
expectation that our retail stores will qualify as service centers and our
plans to add service centers throughout China as necessary; |
|
|
|
our
anticipation that gross margins may decrease slightly going forward; |
|
|
|
our
expectation that we will spend approximately $30 million to $35 million for capital
expenditures during 2007; |
|
|
|
our
belief that our recent business transformation initiative will provide continued savings
gong forward, and our plans to invest some of these savings into various growth
initiatives; |
|
|
|
our
anticipation that our board of directors will continue to declare quarterly cash
dividends and that the cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund our future
dividend payments; |
|
|
|
our
belief that we have sufficient liquidity to be able to meet our obligations on both a
short- and long-term basis and that existing cash balances together with future cash
flows from operations and existing lines of credit will be adequate to fund our cash
needs; |
|
|
|
our
belief that recent modifications to our business structure in Japan and in the United
States should eliminate any further customs valuation disputes with respect to product
imports in Japan; and |
|
|
|
our
belief that it is not probable that we will incur a loss relating to the Taiwan audit. |
In
addition, when used in this report, the words or phrases will likely result,
expect, anticipate, will continue, intend,
plan, believe and similar expressions are intended to help
identify forward-looking statements.
We
wish to caution readers that our operating results are subject to various risks and
uncertainties that could cause our actual results and outcomes to differ materially from
those discussed or anticipated. Reference is made to the risks and uncertainties described
below and factors described herein in Item 1A. Risk Factors (which
contain a more detailed discussion of the risks and uncertainties related to our
business). We also wish to advise readers not to place any undue reliance on the
forward-looking statements contained in this report, which reflect our beliefs and
expectations only as of the date of this report. We assume no obligation to update or
revise these forward-looking statements to reflect new events or circumstances or any
changes in our beliefs or expectations. Some of the risks and uncertainties that might
cause actual results to differ from those anticipated include, but are not limited to, the
following:
-64-
(a) |
|
Because
a substantial majority of our sales are generated in Asia, particularly Japan,
significant variations in operating results including revenue, gross margin and
earnings from those expected could be caused by: |
|
|
|
further
weakening of the Japanese yen; |
|
|
|
regulatory
constraints with respect to the claims we can make regarding the efficacy of our
products and tools; |
|
|
|
increasing
competitive pressures; |
|
|
|
renewed
or sustained weakness of Asian economies or consumer confidence; |
|
|
|
political
unrest or uncertainty; or |
|
|
|
natural
disasters or epidemics. |
(b) |
|
Our
operations in China are subject to significant regulatory scrutiny, and we have
experienced challenges in the past, including interruption of sales activities
at certain stores and minor fines being paid in some cases. Because of the
governments significant concerns about direct selling activities,
government regulators in China scrutinize very closely activities of direct
selling companies or activities that resemble direct selling. Even though we
have now obtained approval to conduct direct selling in China, government
regulators continue to scrutinize our activities and the activities of our
distributors and sales employees to monitor our compliance with the new
regulations and other applicable regulations as we integrate direct selling
into our business model. We continue to be subject to current governmental reviews and investigations. Any determination that our operations or activities,
or the activities of our employed sales representatives or distributors, are
not in compliance with applicable regulations, could result in the imposition
of substantial fines, extended interruptions of business, termination of
necessary licenses and permits, including our direct selling approvals, or
restrictions on our ability to open new stores or obtain approvals for service
centers or expand into new locations, all of which could harm our business. |
(c) |
|
Towards
the end of 2005, Chinese regulators adopted anti-pyramiding and new direct
selling regulations that allow direct selling but contain significant
restrictions and limitations, including a restriction on multi-level
compensation. These new regulations are not yet well understood, and there
continues to be some confusion and uncertainty as to the meaning of the new
regulations and the specific types of restrictions and requirements imposed
under them. It is also difficult to predict how regulators will interpret and
enforce these new regulations and the impact of these new regulations on
pending regulatory reviews and investigations. Our business and our growth
prospects may be harmed if Chinese regulators interpret the anti-pyramiding
regulations or direct selling regulations in such a manner that our current
method of conducting business through the use of employed sales representatives
violates these regulations. In particular, our business would be harmed by any
determination that our current method of compensating our sales employees,
including our use of the sales productivity of a sales employee and the group
of sales employees whom he or she trains and supervises as one of the factors
in establishing such sales employees salary and compensation, violates
the restriction on multi-level compensation under the new rules. Our business
could also be harmed if regulators inhibit our ability to concurrently operate
our retail store/employed sales representative business model and our direct
selling business. Although we have obtained approval to conduct direct selling in China,
our current license only allows us to conduct direct selling in eight districts within
Shanghai. If we are unable to establish required service centers or obtain
additional necessary national and local approvals as quickly as we would like,
or if we are not able to offer a direct selling opportunity that is attractive
to distributors as a result of the limitations under the direct selling
regulations, our ability to grow our business there could be negatively
impacted. |
-65-
(d) |
|
Our
ability to retain key and executive level distributors or to sponsor new
executive distributors is critical to our success. Because our products are
distributed exclusively through our distributors and we compete with other
direct selling companies in attracting distributors, our operating results
could be adversely affected if our existing and new business opportunities and
incentives, products, business tools and other initiatives do not generate
sufficient enthusiasm and economic incentive to retain our existing
distributors or to sponsor new distributors on a sustained basis. In addition,
in our more mature markets, one of the challenges we face is keeping
distributor leaders with established businesses and high income levels
motivated and actively engaged in business building activities and in
developing new distributor leaders. There can be no assurance that our
initiatives such as the Scanner and others will continue to generate excitement
among our distributors in the long-term or that planned initiatives will be
successful in maintaining distributor activity and productivity or in
motivating distributor leaders to remain engaged in business building and
developing new distributor leaders. In addition, some initiatives may have
unanticipated negative impacts on our markets. For example, during the past
couple of years certain modifications were made to compensation incentives in China,
Japan, and certain Southeast Asia markets that appear not to have been as well
received by some distributors as expected, contributing to declines in
distributor numbers and revenue results. We have recently implemented
compensation plan enhancements in Japan designed to address the negative
impacts of previous changes. In China, we are making some
additional modifications to our employed sales representative compensation
model to simplify it and to make it complementary to the compensation model
we are implementing for the independent distributor sales force. There can be
no assurance, however, that these measures will be successful in generating
distributor excitement in these markets. |
(e) |
|
Our
use of the Scanner is subject to regulatory risks and uncertainties in our
various markets. For example, in March 2003 the United States Food and Drug
Administration (the FDA) questioned its status as a non-medical
device and we subsequently filed an application with the FDA to have the
Scanner classified as a non-medical device. The FDA has not yet acted on our
application. There are various factors that could determine whether the Scanner
is a medical device, including the claims that we or our distributors make
about it. We face similar regulatory issues in other markets with respect to
the status of the Scanner as a non-medical device and the claims that can be
made in using it. For example, during the past year we faced regulatory
inquiries in Singapore, Korea, Japan and Thailand regarding distributor claims with
respect to the Scanner. Although these matters have not resulted in any adverse
action against us, our revenue in any market going forward could be negatively
impacted if we face similar issues in the future or if such inquiries weaken
distributor enthusiasm surrounding the Scanner. A determination in any market
that the Scanner is a medical device or that distributors are using it to make
medical claims could negatively impact our ability to use the Scanner in such
market. In addition, if distributors make claims regarding the Scanner outside
of claims approved by us, or use it in a manner not authorized by us, this
could result in regulatory actions against our business. |
(f) |
|
Our
current and planned initiatives surrounding the S2 Scanner and the Nu Skin® ProDerm skin
analysis tool in our various markets are subject to technical and regulatory
risks and uncertainties. The S2 Scanner is a newly developed tool and we cannot
be certain that it will consistently meet performance expectations. In
addition, we have experienced delays and challenges in completion of a ProDerm
unit that meets our specifications and objectives. We have introduced an
initial version in the United States that has fewer features while we continue
to develop an enhanced version. If we continue to experience difficulties or
delays in completing this process that prevent us from meeting our launch
schedules or developing a tool that performs the desired functions, our
business may be harmed. Our plans are also subject to regulatory risks,
particularly in Japan, where there is a risk that regulatory authorities in
Japan may impose limitations on the use of this tool and on claims that may be
made in connection with its use. Such limitations in Japan or any other markets
could weaken the ability of our distributors to utilize this tool in building
their businesses, and could dampen distributor enthusiasm surrounding it. |
-66-
(g) |
|
As
we work to grow operations in Russia and other developing markets, work through
the approval processes for expansion of direct selling in China and look to
develop other new markets, we anticipate that some distributor leaders in other
markets will shift their focus away from their home markets and towards
business prospects in these markets. This shift of focus of distributor leaders
can negatively impact distributor leadership and growth in these other markets
and consequently negatively impact revenue. In addition, if Russia and China
are not as successful as the distributor leaders from these other markets
anticipate, this can also dampen distributor enthusiasm. |
(h) |
|
As
we continue to implement our business transformation initiative, there could be
unintended negative consequences, including business disruptions and/or a loss
of employees. Further, we may not realize the cost improvements and greater
efficiencies as we hope for as a result of this realignment. In addition, as we
continually evaluate strategic reinvestment of any savings generated as a
result of our transformation initiative, we may not ultimately achieve the
amount of savings that we currently anticipate. |
(i) |
|
The
network marketing and nutritional supplement industries are subject to various
laws and regulations throughout our markets, many of which involve a high level
of subjectivity and are inherently fact-based and subject to interpretation.
Negative publicity concerning supplements with controversial ingredients has
spurred efforts to change existing regulations or adopt new regulations in
order to impose further restrictions and regulatory control over the
nutritional supplement industry. The FTC in the United States is also proposing
new regulations that would impose new requirements that could be burdensome. If
our existing business practices or products, or any new initiatives or
products, are challenged or found to contravene any of these laws by any
governmental agency or other third party, or if there are any new regulations
applicable to our business that limit our ability to market such products or
impose additional requirements on us, our revenue and profitability may be
harmed. |
(j) |
|
Due
to the international nature of our business, we are subject from time to time
to reviews and audits by the foreign taxing authorities of the various
jurisdictions in which we conduct business throughout the world. These audits
sometimes result in challenges by such taxing authorities as to our
methodologies used in determining our income tax, duties, customs, and other
amounts owed in connection with the importation and distribution of our
products. For example, we were assessed by the Japan customs
authorities for additional duties on products imported into Japan, and we are
currently contesting this assessment. Audits are also often focused on whether
or not certain expenses are deductible for tax purposes in a given country.
Currently, audits are underway with respect to this issue in a number of our
markets, including Taiwan. To the extent we are unable to successfully defend
ourselves against such audits and reviews, we may be required to pay
assessments and penalties and increased duties, which may, individually or in
the aggregate, negatively impact our gross margins and operating results. |
(k) |
|
Production
difficulties and quality control problems could harm our business, in
particular our reliance on third party suppliers to deliver quality products in
a timely manner.Occasionally, we have experienced production
difficulties with respect to our products, including the delivery of products
that do not meet our quality control standards. These quality problems have
resulted in the past, and could result in the future, in stock outages or
shortages in our markets with respect to such products, harming our sales and
creating inventory write-offs for unusable products. |
-67-
ITEM 7A. |
|
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
The
information required by Item 7A of Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference from the
information contained in Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations Currency Risk and Exchange Rate
Information and Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
ITEM 8. |
|
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA |
|
1. |
|
Financial
Statements. Set forth below is the index to the Financial Statements
included in this Item 8: |
|
Page | |
|
|
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2005 and 2006 |
69 |
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years
ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 |
70 |
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity and Comprehensive Income
for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 |
71 |
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years
ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 |
72 |
|
|
|
|
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
73 |
|
|
|
|
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
96 |
|
|
2. |
|
Financial
Statement Schedules: Financial statement schedules have been omitted
because they are not required or are not applicable, or because the required
information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto. |
-68-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
|
December 31, | |
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets | |
Cash and cash equivalents | |
$ 155,409 |
|
$ 121,353 |
|
Current investments | |
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable | |
16,683 |
|
19,421 |
|
Inventories, net | |
99,399 |
|
92,092 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other | |
36,663 |
|
44,093 |
|
| |
308,154 |
|
276,959 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Property and equipment, net | |
84,053 |
|
85,883 |
|
Goodwill | |
112,446 |
|
112,446 |
|
Other intangible assets, net | |
91,137 |
|
91,349 |
|
Other assts | |
83,076 |
|
98,212 |
|
Total assets | |
$ 678,866 |
|
$ 664,849 |
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | |
Current liabilities | |
Accounts payable | |
$ 20,276 |
|
$ 20,815 |
|
Accrued expenses | |
112,023 |
|
120,074 |
|
Current portion of long-term debt | |
26,757 |
|
26,652 |
|
| |
159,056 |
|
167,541 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt | |
123,483 |
|
136,173 |
|
Other liabilities | |
41,699 |
|
42,155 |
|
Total liabilities | |
324,238 |
|
345,869 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 9 and 20) | |
| |
|
|
|
|
Stockholders' equity | |
Class A common stock - 500 million shares authorized,
$.001 par value, 90.6 million shares issued; | |
91 |
|
91 |
|
Additional paid-in capital | |
179,335 |
|
199,322 |
|
Treasury stock, at cost - 20.9 million and 20.5 million shares | |
(284,138 |
) |
(346,889 |
) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | |
(67,197 |
) |
(65,107 |
) |
Retained earnings | |
526,537 |
|
531,563 |
|
| |
354,628 |
|
318,980 |
|
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | |
$ 678,866 |
|
$ 664,849 |
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
-69-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Income
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
Revenue |
|
$ 1,137,864 |
|
$ 1,180,930 |
|
$ 1,115,409 |
|
Cost of sales | |
191,211 |
|
206,163 |
|
195,203 |
|
|
|
|
Gross profit | |
946,653 |
|
974,767 |
|
920,206 |
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses: | |
Selling expenses | |
487,631 |
|
497,421 |
|
480,136 |
|
General and administrative expenses | |
333,263 |
|
354,223 |
|
353,412 |
|
Impairment of assets and other | |
|
|
|
|
20,840 |
|
Restructuring and other charges | |
|
|
|
|
11,115 |
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses | |
820,894 |
|
851,644 |
|
865,503 |
|
|
|
|
Operating income | |
125,759 |
|
123,123 |
|
54,703 |
|
Other income (expense), net | |
(3,618 |
) |
(4,172 |
) |
(2,027 |
) |
|
|
|
Income before provision for income taxes | |
122,141 |
|
118,951 |
|
52,676 |
|
Provision for income taxes | |
44,467 |
|
44,918 |
|
19,859 |
|
|
|
|
Net income | |
$ 77,674 |
|
$ 74,033 |
|
$ 32,817 |
|
|
|
|
Net income per share: | |
Basic | |
$ 1.10 |
|
$ 1.06 |
|
$ 0.47 |
|
Diluted | |
$ 1.07 |
|
$ 1.04 |
|
$ 0.47 |
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (000s): | |
Basic | |
70,734 |
|
70,047 |
|
69,418 |
|
Diluted | |
72,627 |
|
71,356 |
|
70,506 |
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
-70-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity and Comprehensive Income
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
|
Class A
Common Stock | |
Additional
Paid in Capital | |
Treasury Stock | |
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss | |
Retained
Earnings | |
Total | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2004 |
|
$ 91 |
|
$ 146,238 |
|
$ (216,847 |
) |
$ (70,849 |
) |
$ 431,615 |
|
$ 290,248 |
|
| |
Comprehensive income: | |
Net income | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
77,674 |
|
77,674 |
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,402 |
) |
|
|
(1,402 |
) |
Net unrealized losses on foreign currency cash flow hedges | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,590 |
) |
|
|
(2,590 |
) |
Less: Reclassification adjustment for realized losses in current earnings | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,235 |
|
|
|
3,235 |
|
Total comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
76,917 |
|
Repurchase of Class A common stock (Note 10) | |
|
|
|
|
(72,311 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(72,311 |
) |
Stock-based compensation | |
|
|
778 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
778 |
|
Purchase of long-term assets (Note 21) | |
|
|
4,279 |
|
2,624 |
|
|
|
|
|
6,903 |
|
Reduction in carrying value of intangible asset | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(8,750 |
) |
(8,750 |
) |
Exercise of employee stock options (1,834,000 shares) | |
|
|
3,814 |
|
12,813 |
|
|
|
|
|
16,627 |
|
Tax benefit of options exercised | |
|
|
8,448 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,448 |
|
Cash dividends | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(22,627 |
) |
(22,627 |
) |
Balance at December 31, 2004 | |
91 |
|
163,557 |
|
(273,721 |
) |
(71,606 |
) |
477,912 |
|
296,233 |
|
| |
Comprehensive income: | |
Net income | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
74,033 |
|
74,033 |
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(597 |
) |
|
|
(597 |
) |
Net unrealized gains on foreign currency cash flow hedges | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,278 |
|
|
|
5,278 |
|
Less: Reclassification adjustment for realized gains in current earnings | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(272 |
) |
|
|
(272 |
) |
Total comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
78,442 |
|
Repurchase of Class A common stock (Note 10) | |
|
|
|
|
(24,638 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(24,638 |
) |
Stock-based compensation | |
|
|
907 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
907 |
|
Purchase of long-term assets (Note 21) | |
|
|
13,512 |
|
7,695 |
|
|
|
|
|
21,207 |
|
Exercise of employee stock options (666,000 shares) | |
|
|
(349 |
) |
6,526 |
|
|
|
|
|
6,177 |
|
Tax benefit of options exercised | |
|
|
1,708 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,708 |
|
Cash dividends | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(25,408 |
) |
(25,408 |
) |
Balance at December 31, 2005 | |
91 |
|
179,335 |
|
(284,138 |
) |
(67,197 |
) |
526,537 |
|
354,628 |
|
| |
Comprehensive income: | |
Net income | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32,817 |
|
32,817 |
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,736 |
|
|
|
3,736 |
|
Net unrealized gains on foreign currency cash flow hedges | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
218 |
|
|
|
218 |
|
Less: Reclassification adjustment for realized gains in current earnings | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,864 |
) |
|
|
(1,864 |
) |
Total comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34,907 |
|
Repurchase of Class A common stock (Note 10) | |
|
|
|
|
(67,452 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(67,452 |
) |
Adjustment related to prior common control merger | |
|
|
8,151 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,151 |
|
Exercise of employee stock options (519,000 shares) | |
|
|
870 |
|
4,530 |
|
|
|
|
|
5,400 |
|
Tax benefit of options exercised/restricted shares vested | |
|
|
1,836 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,836 |
|
Stock-based compensation | |
|
|
9,130 |
|
171 |
|
|
|
|
|
9,301 |
|
Cash dividends | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(27,791 |
) |
(27,791 |
) |
Balance at December 31, 2006 | |
$ 91 |
|
$ 199,322 |
|
$ (346,889 |
) |
$ (65,107 |
) |
$ 531,563 |
|
$ 318,980 |
|
The accompanying notes are an
integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
-71-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
Cash flows from operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income | |
$ 77,674 |
|
$ 74,033 |
|
$ 32,817 |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided | |
by operating activities: | |
Depreciation and amortization | |
27,883 |
|
30,459 |
|
29,132 |
|
Stock-based compensation | |
778 |
|
907 |
|
9,301 |
|
Impairment of Scanner asset | |
|
|
|
|
18,984 |
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |
Accounts receivable | |
(1003 |
) |
(626 |
) |
(2,786 |
) |
Inventories, net | |
(4,136 |
) |
(11,925 |
) |
163 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other | |
21,869 |
|
15,991 |
|
(8,289 |
) |
Other assets | |
(10,372 |
) |
(5,048 |
) |
(9,382 |
) |
Accounts payable | |
6,366 |
|
(4,906 |
) |
118 |
|
Accrued expenses | |
10,910 |
|
22,185 |
|
6,234 |
|
Other liabilities | |
381 |
|
(6,970 |
) |
(497 |
) |
| |
Net cash provided by operating activities | |
130,350 |
|
114,100 |
|
75,795 |
|
| |
Cash flows from investing activities: | |
Purchase of property and equipment | |
(34,996 |
) |
(30,884 |
) |
(35,680 |
) |
Proceeds on investment sales | |
185,015 |
|
170,610 |
|
173,925 |
|
Purchases of investments | |
(195,245 |
) |
(160,380 |
) |
(173,925 |
) |
Purchase of long-term assets | |
(2,953 |
) |
(5,548 |
) |
(1,981 |
) |
| |
Net cash used in investing activities | |
(48,179 |
) |
(26,202 |
) |
(37,661 |
) |
| |
Cash flows from financing activities: | |
Payment of cash dividends | |
(22,627 |
) |
(25,408 |
) |
(27,791 |
) |
Repurchase of shares of common stock | |
(72,311 |
) |
(24,638 |
) |
(67,452 |
) |
Exercise of distributor and employee stock options | |
16,627 |
|
6,177 |
|
5,400 |
|
Income tax benefit of options exercised | |
|
|
|
|
1,836 |
|
Payments on long-term debt | |
(16,241 |
) |
(17,074 |
) |
(31,611 |
) |
Proceeds from long-term debt | |
|
|
30,000 |
|
45,000 |
|
| |
Net cash used in financing activities | |
(94,552 |
) |
(30,943 |
) |
(74,618 |
) |
| |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | |
(322 |
) |
(11,411 |
) |
2,428 |
|
| |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | |
(12,703 |
) |
45,544 |
|
(34,056 |
) |
| |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | |
122,568 |
|
109,865 |
|
155,409 |
|
| |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | |
$ 109,865 |
|
$ 155,409 |
|
$ 121,353 |
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
-72-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. (the Company) is a leading, global direct selling
company that develops and distributes premium-quality, innovative personal care products
and nutritional supplements that are sold worldwide under the Nu Skin and Pharmanex
brands. The Company also markets technology-related products and services under the Big
Planet brand. The Company reports revenue from five geographic regions: North Asia, which
consists of Japan and South Korea; Greater China, which consists of Mainland China, Hong
Kong, Macau and Taiwan; Americas, which consists of the United States, Canada and Latin
America; South Asia/Pacific, which consists of Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, New
Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand; and Europe, which includes several
markets in Europe as well as Israel and Russia (the Companys subsidiaries operating
in these countries are collectively referred to as the Subsidiaries).
2. |
|
Summary
of Significant Accounting Policies |
Consolidation
The
consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the
Subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in
consolidation.
Use of estimates
The
preparation of these financial statements, in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States, required management to make estimates and
assumptions that affected the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure
of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash
equivalents are short-term, highly liquid instruments with original maturities of 90 days
or less.
Current investments
Current
investments consist entirely of auction rate municipal bonds classified as
available-for-sale securities. The Company, through its dealers, purchases and sells these
securities at par value and records them at cost, which approximates fair market value due
to their variable interest rates, which typically reset every 7 to 35 days and despite the
long-term nature of their stated contractual maturities, along with the Companys
investment policy and practice to only invest in high investment grade securities, the
Company has the ability to quickly liquidate these securities. As a result, the Company
has no cumulative gross unrealized holding gains (losses) or gross realized gains (losses)
from its current investments. Interest income generated from these current investments is
recorded in other income. There were no current investments as of December 31, 2005 and
2006.
-73-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Inventories
Inventories
consist primarily of merchandise purchased for resale and are stated at the lower of cost
or market, using the first-in, first-out method. The Company had reserves for obsolete
inventory totaling $5.8 million and $5.9 million as of December 31, 2005 and 2006,
respectively.
Inventories
consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
December 31, |
|
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
Raw materials |
|
$ 20,941 |
|
$ 24,550 |
|
Finished goods | |
78,458 |
|
67,542 |
|
| |
$ 99,399 |
|
$ 92,092 |
|
Property and equipment
Property
and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the
following estimated useful lives:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Furniture and fixtures |
|
5 - 7 years |
|
Computers and equipment | |
3 - 5 years | |
Leasehold improvements | |
Shorter of estimated useful life or lease term | |
Scanners | |
3 years | |
Vehicles | |
3 - 5 years | |
Expenditures
for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When an asset is sold or
otherwise disposed of, the cost and associated accumulated depreciation are removed from
the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is recognized in the statement of income.
Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. An
impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value.
Goodwill and other
intangible assets
Under
the provisions of Statements of Financial Accounting Standards
(SFAS) No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (SFAS
142), the Companys goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives
are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment at least annually. The
Companys intangible assets with finite lives are recorded at cost and are amortized
over their respective estimated useful lives using the straight-line method to their
estimated residual values and are reviewed for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144,
Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.. In addition, the
Company is required to make judgments regarding and periodically assesses the useful life
of its intangible assets.
Revenue recognition
Revenue
is recognized when products are shipped, which is when title and risk of loss pass to
independent distributors and preferred customers who are the Companys customers. A
reserve for product returns is accrued based on historical experience totaling $2.1
million and $2.3 million as of December 31, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The Company
generally requires cash or credit card payment at the point of sale. The Company has
determined that no allowance for doubtful accounts is necessary. Amounts received prior to
shipment and title passage to distributors are recorded as deferred revenue. The global
compensation plan for the Companys distributors generally does not provide rebates
or selling discounts to distributors who purchase its products and services. The Company
classifies selling discounts and rebates, if any, as a reduction of revenue.
-74-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Advertising expense
Advertising
costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense incurred for the years ended December
31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 totaled approximately $1.3 million, $2.4 million and $3.9 million,
respectively.
Research and development
The
Companys research and development activities are conducted primarily through its
Pharmanex division. Research and development costs are included in general and
administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and are
expensed as incurred and totaled $7.7 million, $7.5 million and $8.7 million in 2004, 2005
and 2006, respectively.
Income taxes
The
Company follows the liability method in accounting for income taxes. Under this method,
deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between
financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the
enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to
reverse. The Company nets deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities by
jurisdiction. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax
assets to the amounts expected to be ultimately realized. The Company accounts for any
income tax contingencies in accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for
Contingencies.
Net income per share
Net
income per share is computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares
outstanding during the periods presented. Additionally, diluted earnings per share data
gives effect to all potentially dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the
periods presented (Note 10).
Foreign currency
translation
Most
of the Companys business operations occur outside the United States. The local
currency of each of the Companys subsidiaries is considered its functional currency.
All assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates existing at
the balance sheet dates, revenue and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange
rates and stockholders equity is recorded at historical exchange rates. The
resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of
stockholders equity in the consolidated balance sheets and transaction gains and
losses are included in other income and expense in the consolidated financial statements.
-75-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Fair value of financial
instruments
The
carrying value of financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts
receivable and accounts payable approximate fair values due to the short-term nature of
these instruments. The carrying amount of long-term debt approximates fair value because
the applicable interest rates approximate current market rates. Fair value estimates are
made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information.
Stock-based compensation
Effective
January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the fair value recognition provisions of Financial
Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment
(SFAS 123R), using the modified prospective transition method and therefore
has not restated results for prior periods. Under this transition method, stock-based
compensation expense includes all stock-based compensation awards granted prior to, but
not yet vested as of January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in
accordance with the original provisions of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation (SFAS 123). Stock-based compensation expense for all
stock-based compensation awards granted after January 1, 2006 is based on the grant-dated
fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R. The Company
recognizes these compensation costs, net of an estimated forfeiture rate, on a
straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the
option vesting term of four years. The Company estimated the forfeiture rate based on its
historical experience.
In
March 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) issued Staff
Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (SAB 107) regarding the SECs interpretation
of SFAS 123R and the valuation of share-based payments for public companies. The Company
applied the provisions of SAB 107 in its adoption of SFAS 123R.
Prior
to the adoption of SFAS 123R the Company recognized stock based compensation expense in
accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25. Accounting for Stock Issued
to Employees (APB 25). Accordingly, the Company generally recognized
compensation expense only when it granted options with an exercise price less than the
market value of the underlying shares. Any resulting compensation expense was recognized
ratably over the associated service period, which was generally the option vesting term.
The
Company has elected to follow the transition guidance indicated in Paragraph 81 of FASB
Statement No. 123 (revised 2004) for purposes of calculating the pool of excess tax
benefits available to absorb possible future tax deficiencies. As such, the Company has
calculated its historical APIC pool of windfall tax benefits using the
long-form method. Furthermore, the Company has elected to use a two-pool approach
(segregating employee and nonemployee awards into two separate pools) when accounting for
the pool of windfall tax benefits.
Reporting comprehensive
income
Comprehensive
income is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from
transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, and it includes
all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners
and distributions to owners.
-76-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Accounting for derivative
instruments and hedging activities
The
Company recognizes all derivatives as either assets or liabilities, with the instruments
measured at fair value as required by SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities (SFAS 133).
The
Companys Subsidiaries enter into significant transactions with each other and third
parties that may not be denominated in the respective Subsidiaries functional
currencies. The Company regularly monitors its foreign currency risks and seeks to reduce
its exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates using foreign currency exchange
contracts and through certain intercompany loans of foreign currency.
The
Company hedges its exposure to future cash flows from forecasted transactions over a
maximum period of 12 months. Hedge effectiveness is assessed at inception and throughout
the life of the hedge to ensure the hedge qualifies for hedge accounting treatment.
Changes in fair value associated with hedge ineffectiveness, if any, are recorded in the
results of operations currently. In the event that an anticipated transaction is no longer
likely to occur, the Company recognizes the change in fair value of the derivative in its
results of operations currently.
Changes
in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in current earnings or accumulated other
comprehensive loss, depending on the intended use of the derivative and its resulting
designation. The gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive loss stemming from
these derivatives will be reclassified into earnings in the period during which the hedged
forecasted transaction affects earnings. The fair value of the receivable and payable
amounts related to these unrealized gains and losses is classified as other current assets
and liabilities. The Company does not use such derivative financial instruments for
trading or speculative purposes. Gains and losses on certain intercompany loans of foreign
currency are recorded as other income and expense in the consolidated statements of
income.
3. |
|
Related
Party Transactions |
The
Company leases corporate office and warehouse space from two entities that are owned by
certain officers and directors of the Company. Total lease payments to these two
affiliated entities were $3.7 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005
and 2006 with remaining long-term minimum lease payment obligations under these operating
leases of $19.8 million and $17.2 million at December 31, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
-77-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
4. |
|
Property
and Equipment |
Property
and equipment are comprised of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
December 31, |
|
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
Furniture and fixtures |
|
$ 44,769 |
|
$ 49,499 |
|
Computers and equipment | |
88,619 |
|
90,108 |
|
Leasehold improvements | |
45,663 |
|
53,677 |
|
Scanners | |
37,363 |
|
30,291 |
|
Vehicles | |
3,140 |
|
3,255 |
|
| |
219,554 |
|
226,830 |
|
Less: accumulated depreciation | |
(135,501 |
) |
(140,947 |
) |
| |
$ 84,053 |
|
$ 85,883 |
|
Depreciation
of property and equipment totaled $22.5 million, $24.7 million and $23.7 million for the
years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively, which includes amortization
expense relating to the Scanners of approximately $4.9 million, $7.9 million and $7.3
million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
5. |
|
Goodwill
and Other Intangible Assets |
Goodwill
and other intangible assets consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
Carrying Amount at
December 31, |
|
Goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets: | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
Goodwill |
|
$ 112,446 |
|
$ 112,446 |
|
Trademarks and trade names | |
24,599 |
|
24,599 |
|
| |
$ 137,045 |
|
$ 137,045 |
|
|
December 31, 2005 | |
December 31, 2006 | |
|
Finite life intangible assets: |
Gross Carrying
Amount | |
Accumulated
Amortization | |
Gross Carrying
Amount | |
Accumulated
Amortization | |
Weighted-average
Amortization Period | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scanner technology |
|
$ 42,435 |
|
$ 3,304 |
|
$ 46,482 |
|
$ 6,290 |
|
18 years |
|
Developed technology |
|
22,500 |
|
9,314 |
|
22,500 |
|
10,139 |
|
20 years |
|
Distributor network | |
11,598 |
|
6,078 |
|
11,598 |
|
6,580 |
|
15 years | |
Trademarks | |
12,345 |
|
6,255 |
|
12,452 |
|
6,879 |
|
15 years | |
Other | |
19,873 |
|
17,262 |
|
21,349 |
|
17,743 |
|
5 years | |
| |
$ 108,751 |
|
$ 42,213 |
|
$ 114,381 |
|
$ 47,631 |
|
15 years | |
Amortization
of finite-life intangible assets totaled $5.4 million, $5.7 million and $5.4 million for
the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Annual estimated
amortization expense is expected to approximate $6.0 million for each of the five
succeeding fiscal years.
-78-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Goodwill
and indefinite life intangible assets are not amortized, rather they are subject to annual
impairment tests. Annual impairment tests were completed resulting in no impairment
charges for any of the periods shown. Finite life intangibles are amortized over their
useful lives unless circumstances occur that cause the Company to revise such lives or
review such assets for impairment.
Other
assets consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
December 31, |
|
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
Deferred taxes |
|
$ 31,804 |
|
$ 42,836 |
|
Deposits for noncancelable operating leases | |
13,397 |
|
14,476 |
|
Deposit for customs assessment (Note 20) | |
22,853 |
|
22,648 |
|
Other | |
15,022 |
|
18,252 |
|
| |
$ 83,076 |
|
$ 98,212 |
|
Accrued
expenses consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
December 31, |
|
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
Accrued commission payments to distributors |
|
$ 41,820 |
|
$ 39,142 |
|
Income taxes payable | |
8,880 |
|
9,773 |
|
Other taxes payable | |
15,649 |
|
16,471 |
|
Accrued payroll and payroll taxes | |
11,405 |
|
10,485 |
|
Other accruals | |
34,269 |
|
44,203 |
|
| |
$ 112,023 |
|
$ 120,074 |
|
The
Company maintains a $25.0 million revolving credit facility that expires in May 2007.
Drawings on this revolving credit facility may be used for working capital, capital
expenditures and other purposes including repurchases of the Companys outstanding
shares of Class A common stock. As of December 31, 2006, there were no outstanding
balances under this revolving credit facility.
The
Company also has a multi-currency private uncommitted shelf facility with Prudential
Investment Management, Inc. which was increased to $205.0 million during 2006. As of
December 31, 2006, the Company had $116.2 million outstanding under its shelf facility,
$15.0 million of which is included in the current portion of long-term debt. $90.0 million
of this long-term debt is U.S. dollar denominated, bears interest of approximately 5.2%
per annum and is amortized in three tranches between five and ten years. The remaining
$26.2 million as of December 31, 2006, is Japanese yen-denominated senior promissory notes
in the aggregate principal amount of 3.1 billion Japanese yen, which were issued on
February 7, 2005. The notes bear interest of 1.7% per annum, with interest payable
semi-annually. The interest payments on the notes began April 30, 2005. The final maturity
date of the notes is April 20, 2014 and principal payments are required annually beginning
on April 30, 2008 in equal installments of 445.7 million Japanese yen.
-79-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The
Companys long-term debt also includes the long-term portion of Japanese yen
denominated ten-year senior notes issued to the Prudential Insurance Company of America in
2000. The notes bear interest at an effective rate of 3.0% per annum and are due October
2010, with annual principal payments that began in October 2004. As of December 31, 2006,
the outstanding balance on the notes was 5.5 billion Japanese yen, or $46.6 million, $11.7
million of which is included in the current portion of long-term debt. The Japanese notes
and the revolving and shelf credit facilities are secured by guarantees issued by our
material subsidiaries or by pledges of 65% to 100% of the outstanding stock of our
material subsidiaries.
On
October 5, 2006, the Company executed amendments to the following loan and credit
agreements: (i) Note Purchase Agreement dated October 12, 2000 between the Company and The
Prudential Insurance Company of America, as amended; (ii) Credit Agreement dated May 10,
2001 among the Company, various financial institutions, and Bank of America, N.A., as
Administrative Agent, as amended; and (iii) Private Shelf Agreement dated as of August 26,
2003 between the Company and Prudential Investment Management, Inc., as amended (the
Private Shelf Agreement). The Private Shelf Agreement was amended to raise the
credit facility amount from $125 million to $205 million, and the borrowing period for
this facility was extended for an additional three years from the date of the amendment.
On October 5, 2006, the Company issued a series of U.S. Dollar denominated senior
promissory notes (the Notes) to affiliates of Prudential Investment
Management, Inc. (Prudential). The Notes were issued pursuant to the $205
million Private Shelf Agreement. The aggregate principal amount of the Notes is $40
million, bearing a 6.19% interest rate per annum, with interest payable semi-annually
beginning on January 5, 2007. The final maturity date of the Notes is July 5, 2016 and
principal payments are required annually beginning on July 5, 2010 in equal installments
of approximately $5.7 million.
The
following tables summaries the Companys long-term debt arrangements as of December
31, 2006:
Facility or Arrangement | |
Original Principal Amount | |
Balance as of December 31, 2006 | |
Interest Rate | |
Repayment terms | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 Japanese yen denominated notes |
|
9.7 billion yen |
|
5.5 billion yen ($46.6 million as of December 31, 2006) |
|
3.0% |
|
Notes due October 2010, with annual principal payments that began in October 2004. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
2003 $205.0 million multi-currency uncommitted shelf facility: | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
U.S. dollar denominated: | |
$50.0 million | |
$40.0 million | |
4.5% | |
Notes due April 2010 with annual principal payments beginning April 2006. | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
$25.0 million | |
$10.0 million | |
4.0% | |
Notes due April 2008 with annual principal payments that began in October 2004. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
-80-
Facility or Arrangement | |
Original Principal Amount | |
Balance as of December 31, 2006 | |
Interest Rate | |
Repayment terms | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
$40.0 million | |
$40.0 million | |
6.2% | |
Notes due July 2016, with annual principal payments beginning July 2010. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japanese yen denominated: | |
3.1 billion yen | |
3.1 billion yen ($26.2 million as of December 31, 2006) | |
1.7% | |
Notes due April 2014, with annual principal payments beginning April 2008. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
2004 $25.0 million revolving credit facility | |
N/A | |
$0 | |
N/A | |
Credit facility expires May 2007 | |
Interest
expense relating to the long-term debt totaled $5.9 million, $5.5 million and $5.1 million
for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
The
notes and shelf facility contain other terms and conditions and affirmative and negative
financial covenants customary for credit facilities of this type, including a requirement
to maintain a minimum cash balance of $75.0 million. As of December 31, 2006, the Company
is in compliance with all financial covenants under the notes and shelf facility.
Maturities
of all long-term debt at December 31, 2006, based on the year-end exchange rate, are as
follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):
Year Ending December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
$ 26,652 |
|
2008 | |
30,397 |
|
2009 | |
25,397 |
|
2010 | |
31,112 |
|
2011 | |
9,463 |
|
Thereafter | |
39,804 |
|
Total | |
$ 162,825 |
|
-81-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The
Company leases office space and computer hardware under noncancelable long-term operating
leases including related party leases (see Note 3). Most leases include renewal options of
at least three years. Minimum future operating lease obligations at December 31, 2006 are
as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):
Year Ending December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
$ 12,829 |
|
2008 | |
10,312 |
|
2009 | |
7,176 |
|
2010 | |
5,732 |
|
2011 | |
3,260 |
|
Thereafter | |
|
|
Total | |
$ 39,309 |
|
Rental
expense for operating leases totaled $25.9 million, $30.5 million and $31.4 million for
the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
The
Companys authorized capital stock consists of 25 million shares of preferred stock,
par value $.001 per share, 500 million shares of Class A common stock, par value $.001 per
share and 100 million shares of Class B common stock, par value $.001 per share. The
shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical in all respects,
except for voting rights and certain conversion rights and transfer restrictions, as
follows: (1) each share of Class A common stock entitles the holder to one vote on matters
submitted to a vote of the Companys stockholders and each share of Class B common
stock entitles the holder to ten votes on each such matter; (2) stock dividends of Class A
common stock may be paid only to holders of Class A common stock and stock dividends of
Class B common stock may be paid only to holders of Class B common stock; (3) if a holder
of Class B common stock transfers such shares to a person other than a permitted
transferee, as defined in the Companys Certificate of Incorporation, such shares
will be converted automatically into shares of Class A common stock; and (4) Class A
common stock has no conversion rights; however, each share of Class B common stock is
convertible into one share of Class A common stock, in whole or in part, at any time at
the option of the holder. All outstanding Class B shares have been converted to Class A
shares. As of December 31, 2006 and 2005, there were no Preferred or Class B common shares
outstanding.
Weighted-average common
shares outstanding
The
following is a reconciliation of the weighted-average common shares outstanding for
purposes of computing basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands):
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding |
|
70,734 |
|
70,047 |
|
69,418 |
|
Effect of dilutive securities: | |
Stock awards and options | |
1,893 |
|
1,309 |
|
1,088 |
|
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding | |
72,627 |
|
71,356 |
|
70,506 |
|
For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, other stock options totaling 0.6 million, 2.1 million and 2.8 million, respectively, were excluded
from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive.
-82-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Repurchases of common
stock
Since
August 1998, the board of directors has authorized the Company to repurchase up to $235.0
million of the Companys outstanding shares of Class A common stock on the open
market or in private transactions. The repurchases are used primarily for the
Companys equity incentive plans and strategic initiatives. During the years ended
December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, the Company repurchased approximately 0.1 million, 1.2
million and 3.8 million shares of Class A common stock for an aggregate price of
approximately $1.3 million, $24.6 million and $67.5 million, respectively, under these
repurchase programs. Between August 1998 and December 31, 2006, the Company repurchased a
total of approximately 13.8 million shares of Class A common stock under this repurchase
program for an aggregate price of approximately $175.0 million.
On
July 30, 2004, the Company purchased approximately 3.1 million shares of common stock from
members of its original stockholder group for an aggregate purchase price of $72.3
million, or $22.62 per share. These stockholders also sold 1.5 million shares to
third-party investors.
11. |
|
StockBased
Compensation |
At
December 31, 2006, the Company had the following stock-based employee compensation plans:
Equity Incentive Plans
During
the year ended December 31, 1996, the Companys board of directors adopted the Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc., 1996 Stock Incentive Plan (the 1996 Stock Incentive
Plan). In April 2006, the Companys Board of Directors approved the Nu Skin
Enterprises, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan).
This plan was approved by the Companys stockholders at the Companys 2006
Annual Meeting of Stockholders held in May of 2006. The 1996 Stock Incentive Plan and the
2006 Stock Incentive Plan provide for granting of stock awards and options to purchase
common stock to executives, other employees, independent consultants and directors of the
Company and its Subsidiaries. Options granted under the equity incentive plans are
generally non-qualified stock options, but the plans permit some options granted to
qualify as incentive stock options under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. The
exercise price of a stock option generally is equal to the fair market value of the
Companys common stock on the option grant date. The contractual term of options
granted since 1996 is generally ten years. However, for options granted beginning in the
second quarter of 2006, the contractual term has been shortened to seven years. Currently,
all shares issued upon the exercise of options are from the Companys treasury
shares. With the adoption of the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, no further grants will be made
under the 1996 Stock Incentive Plan. Under the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan 6.0 million shares were
authorized for issuance.
The
total compensation expense related to these plans was approximately $9.3 million for the
year ended December 31, 2006. As a result of adopting SFAS 123R, income before provision
for income taxes and net income for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $7.7 million
lower and $4.8 million lower, respectively, than if the Company had continued to account
for stock-based compensation under APB 25. The impact on both basic and diluted earnings
per share for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $0.07 per share. In addition, prior to
the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company presented the tax benefit of stock option exercises
as a component of operating cash flows. Upon the adoption of SFAS 123R, tax benefits
resulting from tax deductions in excess of the compensation cost recognized for those
options are classified as financing cash flows. For the year ended December 31, 2006, all
stock-based compensation expense was recorded within general and administrative expenses.
-83-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The
pro forma table below reflects net income and basic and diluted net income per share for
the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 had the Company applied the fair value
recognition provisions of SFAS 123, as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
|
December 31, | |
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
Net income, as reported |
|
$ 77,674 |
|
$ 74,033 |
|
Less: Stock-based compensation expense determined | |
under the fair-value-based method for all awards, | |
net of related tax effects | |
(6,224 |
) |
(5,823 |
) |
|
| |
| |
Pro forma net income | |
$ 71,450 |
|
$ 68,210 |
|
|
| |
| |
Net income per share: | |
Basic - as reported | |
$ 1.10 |
|
$ 1.06 |
|
Basic - pro forma | |
$ 1.01 |
|
$ 0.97 |
|
|
| |
| |
Diluted - as reported | |
$ 1.07 |
|
$ 1.04 |
|
Diluted - pro forma | |
$ 0.98 |
|
$ 0.96 |
|
The
fair value of stock option awards was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing
model with the following assumptions and weighted-average fair values as follows:
|
| |
Stock Options:(1) |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
Weighted average grant date fair value of grants |
|
$ 7.27 |
|
$ 10.43 |
|
$ 6.52 |
|
Risk-free interest rate |
|
2.8% |
|
3.9% |
|
4.9% |
|
Dividend yield | |
1.9% |
|
1.6% |
|
2.1% |
|
Expected volatility | |
45.4% |
|
52.6% |
|
44.3% |
|
Expected life in months | |
47 months |
|
75 months |
|
58 months |
|
(1) |
|
The fair value calculation was based on stock options granted during the period.
The risk free interest rate is based on the rates listed on the federal
government website. The dividend yield is based on the rolling average of annual
stock prices and the actual dividends paid in the corresponding 12 months. The
expected volatility is based on historic stock prices going back the same number
of months as the expected life and using 52 observations per year. The Company
uses the short-cut method in determining the estimated life. |
-84-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Options
under the plans as of December 31, 2006 and changes during the year ended December 31,
2006 were as follows:
|
Shares
(in thousands) | |
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price | |
Weighted- Average
Remaining Contractual Term
(in years) | |
Aggregate Intrinsic
Value
(in thousands) | |
Outstanding at December 31, 2003 |
|
6,941.9 |
|
$ 11.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
Granted | |
1,355.2 |
|
22.15 |
|
Exercised | |
(1,655.3 |
) |
9.97 |
|
Forfeited/cancelled/expired | |
(48.7 |
) |
12.46 |
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2004 | |
6,593.1 |
|
14.03 |
|
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2004 | |
6,081.3 |
|
14.03 |
|
Exercisable at December 31, 2004 | |
3,374.0 |
|
11.89 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2004 | |
6,593.1 |
|
$ 14.03 |
|
Granted | |
1,379.8 |
|
22.04 |
|
Exercised | |
(666.4 |
) |
9.17 |
|
Forfeited/cancelled/expired | |
(544.3 |
) |
18.87 |
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2005 | |
6,762.2 |
|
15.99 |
|
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2005 | |
6,237.2 |
|
15.99 |
|
Exercisable at December 31, 2005 | |
3,533.5 |
|
13.05 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2005 | |
6,762.2 |
|
$ 15.99 |
|
Granted | |
600.5 |
|
17.40 |
|
Exercised | |
(519.4 |
) |
9.74 |
|
Forfeited/cancelled/expired | |
(979.9 |
) |
17.82 |
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2006 | |
5,863.4 |
|
16.38 |
|
6.34 |
|
20,447 |
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2006 | |
5,408.2 |
|
16.38 |
|
6.34 |
|
18,860 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2006 | |
3,639.9 |
|
14.48 |
|
5.68 |
|
17,986 |
The
aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value
(the difference between the Companys closing stock price on the last trading day of
the respective years and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money
options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders
exercised their options on December 31, 2006. This amount varies based on the fair market
value of the Companys stock. The total intrinsic value of options exercised for the
year ended December 31, 2006 was $3.7 million. The total fair value of options vested and
expensed was $4.8 million, net of tax, for the year ended December 31, 2006.
-85-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The
following table summarizes information concerning outstanding and exercisable options at
December 31, 2006:
|
Options Outstanding | |
Options Exercisable | |
Exercise Price Range | |
Shares (in 000s) | |
Weighted-average Exercise Price | |
Weighted-average Years Remaining | |
Shares (in 000s) | |
Weighted-average Exercise Price | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$0.92 to $5.75 |
|
12.7 |
|
$ 5.40 |
|
1.79 |
|
12.7 |
|
$ 5.40 |
|
$6.50 to $11.00 | |
1,041.8 |
|
8.42 |
|
5.01 |
|
912.6 |
|
8.28 |
|
$11.37 to $16.00 | |
1,588.6 |
|
12.37 |
|
5.50 |
|
1,466.2 |
|
12.40 |
|
$16.95 to $28.50 | |
3,220.3 |
|
20.97 |
|
7.20 |
|
1,248.4 |
|
21.53 |
|
| |
5,863.4 |
|
16.38 |
|
6.34 |
|
3,639.9 |
|
14.48 |
|
Nonvested
restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2006 and changes during the year ended December
31, 2006 were as follows:
|
Number of Shares
(in thousands) | |
Weighted-Average Grant
Date Fair Value | |
Nonvested at December 31, 2003 |
|
250.0 |
|
$ 12.30 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Granted | |
|
|
|
|
Vested | |
(62.5 |
) |
12.30 |
|
Forfeited |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nonvested at December 31, 2004 | |
187.5 |
|
$ 12.30 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Granted | |
47.5 |
|
25.00 |
|
Vested | |
(62.5 |
) |
12.30 |
|
Forfeited | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Nonvested at December 31, 2005 | |
172.5 |
|
$ 15.30 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Granted | |
235.3 |
|
17.30 |
|
Vested | |
(79.7 |
) |
13.52 |
|
Forfeited | |
(3.3 |
) |
17.48 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Nonvested at December 31, 2006 | |
324.8 |
|
17.42 |
|
As
of December 31, 2006, there was $4.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation
expense related to nonvested restricted stock awards. That cost is expected to be
recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years. As of December 31, 2006, there was
$13.4 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to
nonvested stock option awards. That cost is expected to be recognized over a
weighted-average period of 2.4 years.
-86-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Employee Stock Purchase
Plan
Effective
August 1, 2006, the Company terminated its Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Prior to
terminating the Plan the Company recognized approximately $150,000 in compensation expense
for this plan for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Consolidated
income before provision for income taxes consists of the following for the years ended
December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. |
|
$ 85,013 |
|
$ 70,344 |
|
$ 32,907 |
|
Foreign | |
37,128 |
|
48,607 |
|
19,769 |
|
Total | |
$ 122,141 |
|
$ 118,951 |
|
$ 52,676 |
|
The
provision for current and deferred taxes for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and
2006 consists of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal | |
$ (10,702 |
) |
$ 1,572 |
|
$ |
|
State | |
553 |
|
1,880 |
|
2,121 |
|
Foreign | |
21,742 |
|
21,495 |
|
24,407 |
|
| |
11,593 |
|
24,947 |
|
26,328 |
|
| |
Deferred | |
Federal | |
16,805 |
|
14,821 |
|
4,115 |
|
State | |
1,256 |
|
(278 |
) |
(1,767 |
) |
Foreign | |
14,813 |
|
5,428 |
|
(8,817 |
) |
| |
32,874 |
|
19,971 |
|
(6,469 |
) |
Provision for income taxes | |
$ 44,467 |
|
$ 44,918 |
|
$ 19,859 |
|
The
Companys foreign taxes paid are high relative to foreign operating income and the
Companys U.S. taxes paid are low relative to U.S. operating income due largely to
the flow of funds among the Companys Subsidiaries around the world. As payments for
services, management fees, license arrangements and royalties are made from the
Companys foreign affiliates to its U.S. corporate headquarters, these payments often
incur withholding and other forms of tax that are generally creditable for U.S. tax
purposes. Therefore, these payments lead to increased foreign effective tax rates and
lower U.S. effective tax rates. Variations (or shifts) occur in the Companys foreign
and U.S. effective tax rates from year to year depending on several factors including the
impact of global transfer prices and the timing and level of remittances from foreign
affiliates.
-87-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The
principal components of deferred taxes are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
Inventory differences | |
$ 3,303 |
|
$ 4,583 |
|
Stock-based compensation | |
|
|
3,079 |
|
Accrued expenses not deductible until paid | |
17,020 |
|
18,723 |
|
Withholding tax | |
1,428 |
|
931 |
|
Minimum tax credit | |
16,428 |
|
3,985 |
|
Net operating losses | |
6,767 |
|
11,368 |
|
Foreign outside basis in controlled foreign corporation | |
14,651 |
|
23,396 |
|
Capitalized research and development | |
15,087 |
|
17,609 |
|
Other | |
3,964 |
|
12,476 |
|
Gross deferred tax assets | |
78,648 |
|
96,150 |
|
Deferred tax liabilities: | |
Exchange gains and losses | |
9,164 |
|
9,639 |
|
Pharmanex intangibles step-up | |
15,009 |
|
14,480 |
|
Amortization of intangibles | |
3,325 |
|
4,066 |
|
Prepaid expenses | |
11,665 |
|
12,137 |
|
Other | |
6,003 |
|
2,692 |
|
Gross deferred tax liabilities | |
45,166 |
|
43,014 |
|
Valuation allowance | |
(2,214 |
) |
(1,481 |
) |
Deferred taxes, net | |
$ 31,268 |
|
$ 51,655 |
|
The components
of deferred taxes, net on a jurisdiction basis are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
Net current deferred tax assets |
|
$ 13,987 |
|
$ 21,294 |
|
Net noncurrent deferred tax assets | |
31,804 |
|
42,836 |
|
Total net deferred tax assets | |
45,791 |
|
64,130 |
|
|
|
|
|
Net current deferred tax liabilities | |
| |
4 |
Net noncurrent deferred tax liabilities | |
14,523 |
|
12,471 |
|
Total net deferred tax liabilities | |
14,523 |
|
12,475 |
|
Deferred taxes, net | |
$ 31,268 |
|
$ 51,655 |
|
The
Companys deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 were reduced by a
valuation allowance relating to tax benefits of certain foreign subsidiaries with
operating losses where it is more likely than not, that the deferred tax assets will not
be realized. The Company has available foreign net operating losses that began expiring at
the end of 2006. During 2006, the Company recorded an adjustment to deferred taxes and
additional paid in capital totaling $8.2 million related to the prior merger of companies
under common control. The reclassification had no impact on the Companys statements
of income or cash flows.
The
Company is subject to regular audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. These
audits may result in proposed assessments that may result in additional tax liabilities.
-88-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The
actual tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 compared to the
statutory U.S. Federal tax rate is as follows:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
Income taxes at statutory rate |
|
35.00 |
% |
35.00 |
% |
35.00 |
% |
Foreign tax differential | |
3.11 |
|
|
|
|
|
Non-deductible expenses | |
.21 |
|
.55 |
|
.86 |
|
Branch remittance gains and losses | |
(.32 |
) |
.23 |
|
|
|
Permanently reinvested controlled foreign corporation income | |
(2.89 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Other | |
1.30 |
|
1.98 |
|
1.84 |
|
| |
36.41 |
% |
37.76 |
% |
37.70 |
% |
The
effective tax rate remained nearly constant between 2006 and 2005. The increase in the
effective tax rate in 2005 compared to 2004 was due to an increase in the amount of
nondeductible executive compensation, reconciliation of U.S. and foreign income tax
payable amounts and other nondeductible expenses related to equity compensation.
In
June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation Number 48 Accounting for Uncertainty
in Income Taxes an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109. The
interpretation contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax
positions accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 109. The first step is to evaluate the
tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates
it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including
resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to
measure the tax benefit as the largest amount which is more than 50% likely of being
realized upon ultimate settlement. The provisions are effective for the Company beginning
in the first quarter of 2007. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of FIN 48 on
its consolidated financial statements, but is not yet in a position to make this
determination.
13. |
|
Employee
Benefit Plan |
The
Company has a 401(k) defined contribution plan which permits participating employees to
defer up to a maximum of 15% of their compensation, subject to limitations established by
the Internal Revenue Code. Employees who work a minimum of 1,000 hours per year, who have
completed at least one year of service and who are 21 years of age or older are qualified
to participate in the plan. The Company matches 100% of the first 2% and 50% of the next
2% of each participants contributions to the plan. Participant contributions are
immediately vested. Company contributions vest based on the participants years of
service at 25% per year over four years. The Company recorded compensation expense of $1.3
million, $1.4 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and
2006, respectively, related to its contributions to the plan.
The
Company has a defined benefit pension plan for its employees in Japan. All employees of Nu
Skin Japan, after certain years of service, are entitled to pension plan benefits when
they terminate employment with Nu Skin Japan. The accrued pension liability was $4.4
million, $4.5 million and $5.0 million as of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006,
respectively. Although Nu Skin Japan has not specifically funded this obligation, Nu Skin
Japan believes it maintains adequate cash balances for this defined benefit pension plan.
The Company recorded pension expense of $0.8 million, $0.8 million and $1.0 million for
the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Beginning in 2006, this
plan is accounted for in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) Statement No. 158 Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit
Pension and Other Postretirement Plans an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88,
106, and 132(R) (SFAS 158). The adoption of SFAS 158 did not have a
material impact on the Companys consolidated financial statements.
-89-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
14. |
|
Executive
Deferred Compensation Plan |
The
Company has an executive deferred compensation plan for select management personnel. Under
this plan, the Company currently makes a contribution of up to 10% of each participants
salary. In addition, each participant has the option to defer a portion of their
compensation up to a maximum of 100% of their compensation. Participant contributions are
immediately vested. Company contributions vest based on the earlier of: (a) attaining 60
years of age; (b) continuous employment of 20 years; or (c) death or disability. The
Company recorded compensation expense of $0.7 million for the years ended December 31,
2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively, related to its contributions to the plan. The Company
had accrued $5.5 million and $6.3 million as of December 31, 2005 and 2006, respectively,
related to the Executive Deferred Compensation Plan.
15. |
|
Derivative
Financial Instruments |
At
December 31, 2005 and 2006, the Company held forward contracts designated as foreign
currency cash flow hedges with notional amounts totaling approximately $23.7 million and
$10.1 million, respectively, to hedge forecasted foreign-currency-denominated intercompany
transactions. All such contracts were denominated in Japanese yen. As of December 31, 2005
and 2006, $5.3 million of net unrealized gain and $0.2 million of net unrealized gain, net
of related taxes, respectively, were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The
contracts held at December 31, 2006, have maturities through December 2007, and
accordingly, all unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency cash flow hedges included
in accumulated other comprehensive loss will be recognized in current earnings over the
next 12 months. The pre-tax net (losses)/gains on foreign currency cash flow hedges
recorded in current earnings were ($5.0 million), ($0.3 million) and $3.3 million for the
years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
During
2004, 2005 and 2006, the Company did not have any gains or losses related to hedging
ineffectiveness. Additionally, no component of gains and losses was excluded from the
assessment of hedging effectiveness. During 2004, 2005 and 2006, the Company did not have
any gains or losses reclassified into earnings as a result of the discontinuance of cash
flow hedges.
16. |
|
Supplemental
Cash Flow Information |
Cash
paid for interest totaled $4.6 million, $5.6 million and $5.6 million for the years ended
December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Cash paid for income taxes totaled $7.3
million, $15.9 million and $19.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and
2006, respectively. The increase in cash paid for income taxes in 2005, compared to prior
years, was due primarily to the timing of tax payments in foreign jurisdictions.
-90-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The
Company operates in a single operating segment by selling products to a global network of
independent distributors that operates in a seamless manner from market to market, except
for its operations in Mainland China. In Mainland China, the Company utilizes an employed
sales force to sell its products through fixed retail locations. Selling expenses are the
Companys largest expense comprised of the commissions to its worldwide independent
distributors as well as remuneration to its Mainland China sales employees paid on product
sales. The Company manages its business primarily by managing its global sales force. The
Company does not use profitability reports on a regional or divisional basis for making
business decisions. However, the Company does recognize revenue in five geographic
regions: North Asia, Greater China, Americas, South Asia/Pacific and Europe.
Revenue
generated in each of these regions is set forth below (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
Revenue: |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
North Asia |
|
$ 640,110 |
|
$ 649,377 |
|
$ 593,789 |
|
Greater China | |
229,802 |
|
236,681 |
|
208,226 |
|
Americas | |
147,568 |
|
162,174 |
|
165,908 |
|
South Asia/Pacific | |
81,742 |
|
86,673 |
|
88,017 |
|
Europe | |
36,642 |
|
46,025 |
|
59,469 |
|
Total | |
$ 1,137,864 |
|
$ 1,180,930 |
|
$ 1,115,409 |
|
Revenue generated
by each of the Companys three product lines is set forth below (U.S. dollars in
thousands):
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
Revenue: |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
Pharmanex |
|
$ 567,190 |
|
$ 667,671 |
|
$ 632,705 |
|
Nu Skin | |
548,052 |
|
484,281 |
|
454,480 |
|
Big Planet | |
22,622 |
|
28,978 |
|
28,224 |
|
Total | |
$ 1,137,864 |
|
$ 1,180,930 |
|
$ 1,115,409 |
|
Additional
information as to the Companys operations in the most significant geographical areas
is set forth below (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
Revenue: |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
Japan |
|
$ 579,504 |
|
$ 562,031 |
|
$ 476,466 |
|
United States | |
135,710 |
|
144,555 |
|
147,090 |
|
Korea | |
65,741 |
|
87,346 |
|
117,323 |
|
Taiwan | |
82,773 |
|
92,412 |
|
93,159 |
|
Mainland China | |
105,576 |
|
102,214 |
|
70,492 |
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
Long-lived assets: |
| |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
Japan |
|
|
|
$ 14,234 |
|
$ 11,902 |
|
United States | |
|
|
37,235 |
|
43,520 |
|
Korea | |
|
|
1,879 |
|
1,274 |
|
Taiwan | |
|
|
1,562 |
|
2,686 |
|
Mainland China | |
|
|
15,104 |
|
13,724 |
|
-91-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
18. |
|
Impairment
of assets and other |
During
the first half of 2006, the Company recorded impairment and other charges of $20.8
million, primarily relating to its first generation BioPhotonic Scanners. In February
2006, as a result of the Companys launch of and transition to its second generation
BioPhotonic Scanner, the Company determined it was necessary to write down the book value
of the existing inventory of the prior model of the Scanner. The impairment charges
relating to the Scanner recorded during the quarter ended March 31, 2006 totaled $19.0
million.
In
addition, during the quarter ended March 31, 2006, the Company completed a settlement
agreement with Razorstream, a service provider of video content for our digital product
category, to terminate its purchase commitments for video technology for approximately
$1.8 million.
19. |
|
Restructuring
and other charges |
During
the first half of 2006, the Company recorded restructuring and other charges of $11.1
million, primarily relating to its restructuring initiative designed to (i) eliminate
organizational redundancies, (ii) revamp administrative support functions, (iii)
prioritize investments to favor profitable initiatives and markets, and (iv) increase
efficiencies in the supply chain process. As a result, the Companys overall
headcount was reduced by approximately 225 employees, the majority of which related to the
elimination of positions at the Companys U.S. headquarters. These expenses consisted
primarily of severance and other charges and had all been paid as of December 31, 2006.
20. |
|
Commitments
and Contingencies |
The
Company is subject to governmental regulations pertaining to product formulation, labeling
and packaging, product claims and advertising and to the Companys direct selling
system. The Company is also subject to the jurisdiction of numerous foreign tax and
customs authorities. Any assertions or determination that either the Company or the
Companys distributors is not in compliance with existing statutes, laws, rules or
regulations could potentially have a material adverse effect on the Companys
operations. In addition, in any country or jurisdiction, the adoption of new statutes,
laws, rules or regulations or changes in the interpretation of existing statutes, laws,
rules or regulations could have a material adverse effect on the Company and its
operations. Although management believes that the Company is in compliance, in all
material respects, with the statutes, laws, rules and regulations of every jurisdiction in
which it operates, no assurance can be given that the Companys compliance with
applicable statutes, laws, rules and regulations will not be challenged by foreign
authorities or that such challenges will not have a material adverse effect on the
Companys financial position or results of operations or cash flows. The Company and
its Subsidiaries are defendants in litigation and proceedings involving various matters.
In the opinion of the Companys management, based upon advice of its counsel handling
such litigation and proceedings, adverse outcomes, if any, will not likely result in a
material effect on the Companys consolidated financial condition, results of
operations or cash flows.
-92-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The
Company is subject to regular audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. These
audits may result in additional tax liabilities. The Company accounts for such contingent
liabilities in accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies and
believes it has appropriately provided for income taxes for all years. Several factors
drive the calculation of our tax reserves. Some of these factors include: (i) the
expiration of various statutes of limitations; (ii) changes in tax law and regulations;
(iii) issuance of tax rulings; and (iv) settlements with tax authorities. Changes in any
of these factors may result in adjustments to the Companys reserves, which would
impact its reported financial results.
In
June 2006, the FASB issued FIN 48, which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in tax
positions. FIN 48 requires that the Company recognize the impact of a tax position in
the Companys financial statements if that position is more likely than not of being
sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. The provisions of
FIN 48 are effective as of the beginning of the Companys 2007 fiscal year, with
the cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle recorded as an adjustment to
opening retained earnings. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of FIN 48 on its
consolidated financial statements, but is not yet in a position to make this
determination.
Due to the international nature of
the Company's business, the Company is subject from time to time to reviews and audits by the foreign taxing authorities of the various jurisdictions in which it
conducts business throughout the world. In 1999, the Company implemented a duty valuation methodology with respect to the importation of certain
products into Japan. For purposes of the import transactions at issue, the Company had taken the position that,
under applicable customs law, there was a sale between the manufacturer and the Company's
Japan subsidiary, and that customs duties should be assessed on the manufacturer's invoice. The Valuation Department of the Yokohama customs
authorities reviewed and approved this methodology at that time, and it had been reviewed on several occasions by the audit division of the
Japan customs authorities since then. In connection with subsequent audits in 2004, the Yokohama customs authorities assessed the Company additional
duties and penalties on these products imported into Japan from October 2002 to October 2004, based on a different valuation methodology than
what was previously approved. With respect to the periods under audit, the customs authorities took the position that the relevant import
transaction involved a sale between the Company's U.S.
affiliate and its Japan subsidiary and that duties should be assessed on the value of that transaction.
The Company disputed this assessment. The Company also
disputed the amount of duties we were required to pay on products imported from November of 2004 to June of 2005 for similar reasons. The
total amount assessed or in dispute is approximately $25.0 million, net of any recovery of consumption taxes. Effective July 1, 2005, the Company
implemented some modifications to the Company's business structure in Japan and in the United States that the Company believes will eliminate any further customs
valuation disputes with respect to product imports in Japan after that time.
Because the Company believes the documentation and legal analysis supports its position and the valuation
methodology it used with respect to the
products in dispute had been reviewed and approved by the customs authorities in Japan,
the Company believes the assessments are improper and it filed
letters of protest with Yokohama customs with respect to this entire amount. Yokohama customs rejected
the Company's letters of protest, and to follow
proper administrative procedures the Company filed appeals with the Japan Ministry of Finance. On June 26, 2006,
the Company was advised that the Ministry of
Finance had rejected the appeals filed with their office relating to the imports from October 2002 to October 2004.
The Company decided to appeal this
issue through the judicial court system in Japan, and on December 22, 2006 it filed a complaint with the Tokyo District Court Civil Action Section
with respect to this period. In January 2007, the Company was advised that the Ministry of Finance also rejected its appeal with
them for the imports from November 2004 to June
2005. The Company currently plans
to appeal this decision with the court system in Japan as well. One of the findings cited by the
Ministry of Finance in its decisions was that the Company had treated the transactions as sales between its U.S.
affiliate and its Japan subsidiary on its corporate income tax return under applicable income tax and
transfer pricing laws. The Company has paid the $25.0 million in customs duties and assessments, the amount of
which it recorded in "Other Assets" in its Consolidated Balance Sheet. To the extent that the Company is unsuccessful in recovering the amounts
assessed and paid, it will be required to take a corresponding charge to its earnings.
In Taiwan, the Company is currently
subject to an audit by tax authorities with respect to the deductibility of distributor
commission expenses in that market. In order to avoid the running of the statute of
limitations with respect to the 1999 and 2000 tax years, the Taiwan tax authorities have
disallowed the Companys commission expense deductions for those years and assessed
the Company a total of approximately $18.7 million. At this stage of the discussions, the
Company is not required to pay the amount of tax under dispute. The Company is contesting
this assessment and is in discussions with the tax authorities in an effort to resolve
this matter. Based on its understanding of this matter, management does not believe that
it is probable that the Company will incur a loss relating to this matter and accordingly
has not provided any related reserves.
-93-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
21. |
|
Purchase
of LongTerm Assets |
In
March 2002, the Company acquired the exclusive rights to a new light-source technology
related to measuring the level of certain antioxidants. The acquisition included
contingent payments of up to $8.5 million of cash and up to 1.2 million shares of the
Companys Class A common stock if certain development and revenue targets were met.
In 2004, some of these specific development and revenue targets were met resulting in
contingent payments owed of approximately $5.1 million of cash (of which $1.8 million was
paid during the first quarter of 2005) and 525,000 shares (of which 262,500 shares were
issued in 2005) of the Companys Class A common stock. In 2005, all remaining targets
were met and the total payments of $8.5 million of cash and the value of the 1.2 million
shares of stock have been added to the carrying value of other finite-lived intangible
assets.
On
March 7, 2006, the Company acquired Caroderm, Inc. for $4.0 million. As a result of the
acquisition, the Company acquired Caroderms license to use the Scanner technology
within the professional medical community. As the sole asset of Caroderm was its license
and field of use rights with respect to the Scanner technology, all the consideration paid
was allocated to that asset and is being amortized over the period of the remaining
license agreements related to the Scanner technology. As of December 31, 2006, the Company
had paid approximately $2.0 million of the purchase price and anticipates paying the
remaining balance within the next year.
Quarterly
cash dividends for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 totaled $25.4 million and
$27.8 million, respectively. In February 2006, the board of directors declared a quarterly
cash dividend of $0.105 per share for all classes of common stock to be paid on March 21,
2007 to stockholders of record on March 2, 2007.
The
following table sets forth selected unaudited quarterly data for the periods shown (U.S.
dollars in millions, except per share amounts):
|
2006 | |
2005 | |
|
1st
Quarter | |
2nd
Quarter | |
3rd
Quarter | |
4th
Quarter | |
1st
Quarter | |
2nd
Quarter | |
3rd
Quarter
| |
4th Quarter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue |
|
$ 289.3 |
|
$ 310.1 |
|
$ 290.8 |
|
$ 290.7 |
|
$ 265.8 |
|
$ 284.1 |
|
$ 276.3 |
|
$ 289.2 |
|
Gross profit | |
239.7 |
|
256.1 |
|
239.3 |
|
239.7 |
|
218.8 |
|
235.7 |
|
228.0 |
|
237.8 |
|
Operating income | |
28.8 |
|
37.0 |
|
30.0 |
|
27.3 |
|
(15.5 |
) |
23.9 |
|
21.0 |
|
25.3 |
|
Net income | |
17.7 |
|
22.8 |
|
17.7 |
|
15.8 |
|
(10.3 |
) |
14.1 |
|
13.2 |
|
15.9 |
|
Net income per share: | |
Basic | |
0.25 |
|
0.33 |
|
0.25 |
|
0.22 |
|
(0.15 |
) |
0.20 |
|
0.19 |
|
0.23 |
|
Diluted | |
0.25 |
|
0.32 |
|
0.25 |
|
0.22 |
|
(0.15 |
) |
0.20 |
|
0.19 |
|
0.23 |
|
-94-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
On
January 19, 2007, the Company issued a series of U.S. Dollar denominated senior promissory
notes (the Notes) to affiliates of Prudential Investment Management, Inc.
(Prudential). The Notes were issued pursuant to the $205 million Private Shelf
Agreement entered into between the Company and Prudential on August 26, 2003, as amended
from time to time. The
aggregate principal amount of the Notes is $40.0 million, bearing a 6.14% interest rate
per annum, with interest payable semi-annually beginning on July 20, 2007. The final
maturity date of the Notes is January 20, 2017 and principal payments are required
annually beginning on January 20, 2011 in equal installments of approximately $5.7
million.
-95-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent
Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.:
We have completed integrated audits
of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.'s consolidated financial statements and of its internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, in accordance with the standards
of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Our opinions, based on
our audits, are presented below.
Consolidated financial
statements
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated
balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income, of stockholders
equity and comprehensive income and of cash flows present fairly, in all material
respects, the financial position of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and its subsidiaries at
December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006 in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial
statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is
to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our
audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit of financial statements includes examining, on
a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
As discussed in Note 2 to the
consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for
stock-based compensation in 2006.
Internal
control over financial reporting
Also, in our opinion,
managements assessment, included in the accompanying Management Report on Internal
Control over Financial Reporting appearing in Item 9A, that the Company maintained
effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006 based on
criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), is fairly stated,
in all material respects, based on those criteria. Furthermore, in our opinion, the
Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on criteria established in Internal Control
Integrated Framework issued by the COSO. The Companys management is
responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for
its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our
responsibility is to express opinions on managements assessment and on the
effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting based on our
audit. We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance
with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about
whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material
respects. An audit of internal control over financial reporting includes obtaining an
understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating managements
assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal
control, and performing such other procedures as we consider necessary in the
circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinions.
-96-
A companys internal control
over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A
companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and
procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail,
accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the
company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as
necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are
being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the
company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets
that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations,
internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk
that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree
of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Salt Lake City, Utah
March 1, 2007
-97-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
ITEM 9. |
|
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
None.
ITEM 9A. |
|
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Evaluation
of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Under the supervision and with the
participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure
controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act)). Disclosure controls and procedures
are the controls and other procedures that we designed to ensure that we record, process,
summarize and report in a timely manner the information we must disclose in reports that
we file with or submit to the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Exchange Act.
Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer
concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the
period covered by this report.
Changes
in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. During the fourth quarter of 2006,
there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is
defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management
Report On Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our management is
responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial
reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under
the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal
executive and principal financial officers and effected by our board of directors,
management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability
of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes
in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in this United States of
America and includes those policies and procedures that:
|
|
|
pertain
to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect
the transactions and dispositions of our assets; |
|
|
|
provide
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of
financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in
accordance with authorization of management and directors; and |
|
|
|
provide
reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized
acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the
financial statements. |
Because
of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or
detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future
periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may
deteriorate.
-98-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Under
the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal
executive and principal financial officers, we assessed, as of December 31, 2006, the
effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This assessment was based
on criteria established in the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on
our assessment, our management concluded that our internal control over financial
reporting was effective as of December 31, 2006.
Our
assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2006 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent
registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included in this
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 9B. |
|
OTHER
INFORMATION |
None.
PART III
The
information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III is hereby incorporated by
reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement filed or to be filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission for our 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
PART IV
ITEM 15. |
|
EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES |
Documents filed as part of this Form
10-K:
|
1. |
|
Financial Statements. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
under Item 8 of Part II. |
|
2. |
|
Financial Statement Schedules. See Index to Consolidated Financial
Statements under Item 8 of Part II. |
|
3. |
|
Exhibits. References to the "Company" shall mean Nu Skin
Enterprises, Inc. Exhibits preceded by an astrick (*) are management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements. |
-99-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
3.1 |
|
Amended
and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-12073) (the "Form S-1")). |
3.2 |
|
Certificate
of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
3.3 |
|
Certificate
of Designation, Preferences and Relative Participating, Optional and Other Special Rights
of Preferred Stock and Qualification, Limitations and
Restrictions Thereof (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2004). |
3.4 |
|
Amended
and Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the
Company's Form S-1). |
4.1 |
|
Specimen
Form of Stock Certificate for Class A Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-3
(File No. 333-90716)). |
4.2 |
|
Specimen
Form of Stock Certificate for Class B Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.2 to the Company's Form S-1). |
10.1 |
|
Note
Purchase Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company and The Prudential
Insurance Company of America (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2005). |
10.2 |
|
First
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement between the Company and The Prudential Insurance
Company of America dated May 1, 2002 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit No. 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.3 |
|
Second
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2003 between the Company
and The Prudential Insurance Company of America
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
10.4 |
|
Third
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 18, 2004, between the Company and
The Prudential Insurance Company of America (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004). |
-100-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
10.5 |
|
Fourth
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2006, between the Company and
The Prudential Insurance Company of America (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form
8-K filed on August 23, 2006). |
10.6 |
|
Fifth
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2006, between the Company
and The Prudential Insurance Company of America
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form
8-K filed on October 10, 2006). |
10.7 |
|
Credit
Agreement dated as of May 10, 2001 among the Company, various financial institutions, and
Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent. |
10.8 |
|
First
Amendment to the Credit Agreement dated December 14, 2001 dated May 10, 2001 among the
Company, various financial institutions, and Bank of
America, N.A. as Administrative Agent. |
10.9 |
|
Second
Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 22, 2003 between the Company, various
financial institutions, and Bank of America, N.A. as
Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2003). |
10.10 |
|
Third
Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated as of May 10, 2004, among the Company, various
financial institutions, and Bank One, N.A. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004). |
10.11 |
|
Fourth
Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2006, among the Company, various
financial institutions, and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (as
successor to Bank One, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
99.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on
August 23, 2006). |
10.12 |
|
Fifth
Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2006, among the Company,
various financial institutions, and JP Morgan Chase Bank,
N.A. (as successor to Bank One, N.A.) (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 99.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on October 10, 2006). |
10.13 |
|
Private
Shelf Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2003, between the Company and
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. (the "Private Shelf
Agreement") (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 2003). |
10.14 |
|
First
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2003 between the Company
and Prudential Investment Management, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.53 to the Company's Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
-101-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
10.15 |
|
Second
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of May 18, 2004, between the Company,
Prudential Investment Management, Inc., and the holders of
the Series A Senior Notes and Series B Senior Notes issued under the Private
Shelf Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3
to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 2004). |
10.16 |
|
Third
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement dated June 13, 2005 between the Company, Prudential
Investment Management, Inc. and certain other lenders
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005). |
10.17 |
|
Fourth
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement dated July 28, 2006 between the Company, Prudential
Investment Management, Inc. and certain other lenders
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current
Report on Form 8-K filed on August 23, 2006). |
10.18 |
|
Fifth
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement dated October 5, 2006 between the Company,
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain other
lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Company's Current
Report on Form 8-K filed on October 10, 2006). |
10.19 |
|
Series
A Senior Notes Nos. A-1 to A-5 and Series B Senior Notes B-1 to B-5 issued October 31,
2003 by the Company to Prudential Investment Management,
Inc. and/or its affiliates pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2003). |
10.20 |
|
Series
C Senior Notes Nos. C-1 and C-2 issued February 7, 2005 by the Company to Prudential
Investment Management, Inc. and/or its affiliates pursuant
to the Private Shelf Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to
the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 8,
2005). |
10.21 |
|
Series
D Senior Notes Nos. D-1, D-2, D-3 and D-4 issued October 5, 2006 by the Company to
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and/or its affiliates
pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 99.4 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed October 10, 2006). |
10.22 |
|
Series
E Senior Notes Nos. E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4 and E-5 issued January 19, 2007 by the Company to
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and/or its affiliates
pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K filed January 25, 2007). |
10.23 |
|
Pledge
Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company and State Street Bank and
Trust Company of California, N.A., acting in its capacity as
collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2005). |
-102-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
10.24 |
|
Pledge
Amendments executed by the Company dated December 31, 2003 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.5 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2003). |
10.25 |
|
Pledge
Agreement dated as of January 31, 2005 by and among Nu Skin Asia Investment, Inc., a
wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and U.S. Bank
National Association, as agent for and on behalf of the Benefited Parties
under the Amended and Restated Collateral Agency and
Intercreditor Agreement (referred to below) (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K/A filed on March 10, 2005). |
10.26 |
|
Collateral
Agency Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company, State Street Bank
and Trust Company of California, N.A., as Collateral Agent,
and the lenders and noteholders party thereto (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005). |
10.27 |
|
Amendment
to Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement dated May 10, 2000, among State Street
Bank and Trust Company of California, N.A., as Collateral
Agent, The Prudential Insurance Company of America, as Senior
Noteholder and ABN AMRO Bank N.V., as Senior Lender. |
10.28 |
|
Amended
and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2003,
by and among Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and various of its
subsidiaries, U.S. Bank National Association, as Collateral Agent, and
various lending institutions (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit No. 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
10.29 |
|
Master
Lease Agreement dated January 16th 2003 by and between the Company and Scrub Oak, LLC
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002). |
10.30 |
|
Amendment
No. 1 to the Master Lease Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2003, between Nu Skin
International Inc. and Scrub Oak, LLC (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for
the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
10.31 |
|
Master
Lease Agreement dated January 16, 2003 by and between the Company and Aspen Country, LLC
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
10.32 |
|
Amendment
No. 1 to the Master Lease Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2003, between Nu Skin
International Inc. and Aspen Country, LLC (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
-103-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
10.33 |
|
Univerisity of Utah Research Foundation
and Nu Skin International, Inc. Amended and Restated Patent License Agreement (Exclusive) Dietary Supplement
Preventative Healthcare License dated July 1, 2006. |
10.34 |
|
Agreement
and Plan of Merger among Nu Skin International, Inc., Pharmanex License Acquisition
Corporation, Caroderm, Inc. and certain shareholders of
Caroderm, Inc. dated as of March 7, 2006 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.58 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A
filed March 17, 2006). |
10.35 |
|
Letter
of Agreement dated September 5, 2006 between Orrin T. Colby, III, Cygnus Resources, Inc.
and Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed
September 7, 2006). |
10.36 |
|
Form
of Lock-up Agreement executed by certain of the Company's shareholders (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K filed November 10, 2003). |
*10.37 |
|
Form
of Indemnification Agreement to be entered into between the Company and certain of its
officers and directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
June 30, 2005). |
*10.38 |
|
Amendment
in Total and Complete Restatement of Deferred Compensation Plan. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004). |
*10.39 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan dated December 12, 2005 (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report
on Form 8-K filed December 19, 2005). |
*10.40 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Trust dated December 12, 2005
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 19, 2005). |
*10.41 |
|
Second
Amended and Restated Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 1996 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005). . *10.42 Amendment
No. 1 to the Second Amended and Restated Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 1996 Stock Incentive
Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
March 31, 2003). |
*10.42 |
|
Form
of Master Stock Option Agreement (1996 Plan) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44
to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2002). |
*10.43 |
|
Form
of Stock Option Agreement for Directors (1996 Plan). |
-104-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
*10.44 |
|
Form
of Contingent Stock Award Agreement for Directors (1996 Plan) (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.55 to the Company's Annual Report on Form
10-K/A filed for the year ended December 31, 2005). |
*10.45 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on June 1, 2006). |
*10.46 |
|
Form
of Master Stock Option Agreement (2006 Plan) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10
to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarterly period ended September 30, 2006). |
*10.47 |
|
Form
of Master Stock Option Agreement for Directors (2006 Plan). |
*10.48 |
|
Form
of Master Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (2006 Plan) (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.11 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarterly period ended
September 30, 2006). |
*10.49 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2005 Executive Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed February 9, 2005). |
*10.50 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2006 Senior Executive Incentive Plan (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K filed on June 1, 2006). |
*10.51 |
|
Performance Targets and Formulas (approved under the 2006
Senior Executive Incentive Plan). |
*10.52 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. Senior Executive Benefits Policy (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended June 30, 2005). |
*10.53 |
|
Summary
Description of Nu Skin Japan Director Retirement Allowance Plan. |
*10.54 |
|
Nu
Skin International, Inc. 1997 Key Employee Death Benefit Plan (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.59 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
*10.55 |
|
Summary
of Team Elite Travel Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31,
2005). |
*10.56 |
|
Employment
Letter with Truman Hunt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2002). |
-105-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
*10.57 |
|
Amendment
to Employment Letter with M. Truman Hunt dated September 22, 2005 and Amendment to
provisions of the Company's Executive Incentive Plan with
respect to Mr. Hunt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter
ended September 30, 2005). |
*10.58 |
|
CEO
compensation changes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March
31, 2006). |
*10.59 |
|
Restricted
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 17, 2003, between the Company and Truman
Hunt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2003). |
*10.60 |
|
Employment
Letter with Robert Conlee effective November 26, 2003 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2003). |
*10.61 |
|
Joseph
Y. Chang Employment Agreement dated April 17, 2006 between Mr. Chang and the Company
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Company's current report on Form 8-K
filed on April 18, 2006). |
*10.62 |
|
Daniel
Chard Employment Agreement effective February 13, 2006 between Mr. Chard and the Company. |
*10.63 |
|
Summary
of Non-management Director compensation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to
the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year
ended December 31, 2005). |
*10.64 |
|
Summary
of Non-management Director compensation (revised effective year 2007). |
*10.65 |
|
Severance
letter with Richard King dated March 2, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.59
to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year
ended December 31, 2005). |
*10.66 |
|
Severance
letter with Lori Bush dated March 10, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.60 to
the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year
ended December 31, 2005). |
*10.67 |
|
Settlement
and Release Agreement with Lori Bush dated April 20, 2006 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 2006). |
*10.68 |
|
Event Appearance Bonus Guidelines (Approved for Sandra Tillotson in October 2006) |
21.1 |
|
Subsidiaries
of the Company. |
23.1 |
|
Consent
of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
31.1 |
|
Certification
by M. Truman Hunt, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
-106-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
31.2 |
|
Certification
by Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.1 |
|
Certification
by M. Truman Hunt, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 1350,
Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.2 |
|
Certification
by Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title
18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
-107-
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereunto duly authorized on March 31, 2007.
|
|
|
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
|
|
|
|
By: /s/ M.
Truman Hunt
M. Truman Hunt,
Chief Executive Officer
|
Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in
the capacities indicated on March 1, 2007.
Signatures | |
Capacity in Which Signed | |
| |
| |
/s/ Blake M. Roney |
|
|
|
Blake M. Roney | |
Chairman of the Board | |
| |
| |
/s/ M. Truman Hunt | |
Chief Executive Officer and Director | |
M. Truman Hunt | |
(Principal Executive Officer) | |
| |
| |
/s/ Ritch N. Wood | |
Chief Financial Officer | |
Ritch N. Wood | |
(Principal Financial Officer and Accounting Officer) | |
| |
| |
/s/ Sandra N. Tillotson | |
Sandra N. Tillotson | |
Senior Vice President, Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ Steven J. Lund | |
Steven J. Lund | |
Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ Daniel W. Campbell | |
Daniel W. Campbell | |
Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ E. J. "Jake" Garn | |
E. J. "Jake" Garn | |
Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ Paula F. Hawkins | |
Paula F. Hawkins | |
Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ Andrew D. Lipman | |
Andrew D. Lipman | |
Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ D. Allen Andersen | |
D. Allen Andersen | |
Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ Patricia Negrón | |
Patricia Negrón | |
Director | |
-108-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
3.1 |
|
Amended
and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-12073) (the "Form S-1")). |
3.2 |
|
Certificate
of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
3.3 |
|
Certificate
of Designation, Preferences and Relative Participating, Optional and Other Special Rights
of Preferred Stock and Qualification, Limitations and
Restrictions Thereof (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2004). |
3.4 |
|
Amended
and Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the
Company's Form S-1). |
4.1 |
|
Specimen
Form of Stock Certificate for Class A Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-3
(File No. 333-90716)). |
4.2 |
|
Specimen
Form of Stock Certificate for Class B Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.2 to the Company's Form S-1). |
10.1 |
|
Note
Purchase Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company and The Prudential
Insurance Company of America (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2005). |
10.2 |
|
First
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement between the Company and The Prudential Insurance
Company of America dated May 1, 2002 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit No. 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.3 |
|
Second
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2003 between the Company
and The Prudential Insurance Company of America
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
10.4 |
|
Third
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 18, 2004, between the Company and
The Prudential Insurance Company of America (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004). |
-109-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
10.5 |
|
Fourth
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2006, between the Company and
The Prudential Insurance Company of America (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form
8-K filed on August 23, 2006). |
10.6 |
|
Fifth
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2006, between the Company
and The Prudential Insurance Company of America
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form
8-K filed on October 10, 2006). |
10.7 |
|
Credit
Agreement dated as of May 10, 2001 among the Company, various financial institutions, and
Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent. |
10.8 |
|
First
Amendment to the Credit Agreement dated December 14, 2001 dated May 10, 2001 among the
Company, various financial institutions, and Bank of
America, N.A. as Administrative Agent. |
10.9 |
|
Second
Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 22, 2003 between the Company, various
financial institutions, and Bank of America, N.A. as
Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2003). |
10.10 |
|
Third
Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated as of May 10, 2004, among the Company, various
financial institutions, and Bank One, N.A. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004). |
10.11 |
|
Fourth
Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2006, among the Company, various
financial institutions, and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (as
successor to Bank One, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
99.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on
August 23, 2006). |
10.12 |
|
Fifth
Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2006, among the Company,
various financial institutions, and JP Morgan Chase Bank,
N.A. (as successor to Bank One, N.A.) (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 99.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on October 10, 2006). |
10.13 |
|
Private
Shelf Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2003, between the Company and
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. (the "Private Shelf
Agreement") (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 2003). |
10.14 |
|
First
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2003 between the Company
and Prudential Investment Management, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.53 to the Company's Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
-110-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
10.15 |
|
Second
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of May 18, 2004, between the Company,
Prudential Investment Management, Inc., and the holders of
the Series A Senior Notes and Series B Senior Notes issued under the Private
Shelf Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3
to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 2004). |
10.16 |
|
Third
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement dated June 13, 2005 between the Company, Prudential
Investment Management, Inc. and certain other lenders
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005). |
10.17 |
|
Fourth
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement dated July 28, 2006 between the Company, Prudential
Investment Management, Inc. and certain other lenders
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current
Report on Form 8-K filed on August 23, 2006). |
10.18 |
|
Fifth
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement dated October 5, 2006 between the Company,
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain other
lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Company's Current
Report on Form 8-K filed on October 10, 2006). |
10.19 |
|
Series
A Senior Notes Nos. A-1 to A-5 and Series B Senior Notes B-1 to B-5 issued October 31,
2003 by the Company to Prudential Investment Management,
Inc. and/or its affiliates pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2003). |
10.20 |
|
Series
C Senior Notes Nos. C-1 and C-2 issued February 7, 2005 by the Company to Prudential
Investment Management, Inc. and/or its affiliates pursuant
to the Private Shelf Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to
the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 8,
2005). |
10.21 |
|
Series
D Senior Notes Nos. D-1, D-2, D-3 and D-4 issued October 5, 2006 by the Company to
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and/or its affiliates
pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 99.4 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed October 10, 2006). |
10.22 |
|
Series
E Senior Notes Nos. E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4 and E-5 issued January 19, 2007 by the Company to
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and/or its affiliates
pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K filed January 25, 2007). |
10.23 |
|
Pledge
Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company and State Street Bank and
Trust Company of California, N.A., acting in its capacity as
collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2005). |
-111-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
10.24 |
|
Pledge
Amendments executed by the Company dated December 31, 2003 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.5 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2003). |
10.25 |
|
Pledge
Agreement dated as of January 31, 2005 by and among Nu Skin Asia Investment, Inc., a
wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and U.S. Bank
National Association, as agent for and on behalf of the Benefited Parties
under the Amended and Restated Collateral Agency and
Intercreditor Agreement (referred to below) (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K/A filed on March 10, 2005). |
10.26 |
|
Collateral
Agency Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company, State Street Bank
and Trust Company of California, N.A., as Collateral Agent,
and the lenders and noteholders party thereto (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005). |
10.27 |
|
Amendment
to Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement dated May 10, 2000, among State Street
Bank and Trust Company of California, N.A., as Collateral
Agent, The Prudential Insurance Company of America, as Senior
Noteholder and ABN AMRO Bank N.V., as Senior Lender. |
10.28 |
|
Amended
and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2003,
by and among Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and various of its
subsidiaries, U.S. Bank National Association, as Collateral Agent, and
various lending institutions (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit No. 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
10.29 |
|
Master
Lease Agreement dated January 16th 2003 by and between the Company and Scrub Oak, LLC
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002). |
10.30 |
|
Amendment
No. 1 to the Master Lease Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2003, between Nu Skin
International Inc. and Scrub Oak, LLC (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for
the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
10.31 |
|
Master
Lease Agreement dated January 16, 2003 by and between the Company and Aspen Country, LLC
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
10.32 |
|
Amendment
No. 1 to the Master Lease Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2003, between Nu Skin
International Inc. and Aspen Country, LLC (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
-112-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
10.33 |
|
Univerisity of Utah Research Foundation
and Nu Skin International, Inc. Amended and Restated Patent License Agreement (Exclusive) dated July 1, 2006. |
10.34 |
|
Agreement
and Plan of Merger among Nu Skin International, Inc., Pharmanex License Acquisition
Corporation, Caroderm, Inc. and certain shareholders of
Caroderm, Inc. dated as of March 7, 2006 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.58 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A
filed March 17, 2006). |
10.35 |
|
Letter
of Agreement dated September 5, 2006 between Orrin T. Colby, III, Cygnus Resources, Inc.
and Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed
September 7, 2006). |
10.36 |
|
Form
of Lock-up Agreement executed by certain of the Company's shareholders (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K filed November 10, 2003). |
*10.37 |
|
Form
of Indemnification Agreement to be entered into between the Company and certain of its
officers and directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
June 30, 2005). |
*10.38 |
|
Amendment
in Total and Complete Restatement of Deferred Compensation Plan. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004). |
*10.39 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan dated December 12, 2005 (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report
on Form 8-K filed December 19, 2005). |
*10.40 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Trust dated December 12, 2005
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 19, 2005). |
*10.41 |
|
Second
Amended and Restated Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 1996 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005). . *10.42 Amendment
No. 1 to the Second Amended and Restated Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 1996 Stock Incentive
Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
March 31, 2003). |
*10.42 |
|
Form
of Master Stock Option Agreement (1996 Plan) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44
to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2002). |
*10.43 |
|
Form
of Stock Option Agreement for Directors (1996 Plan). |
-113-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
*10.44 |
|
Form
of Contingent Stock Award Agreement for Directors (1996 Plan) (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.55 to the Company's Annual Report on Form
10-K/A filed for the year ended December 31, 2005). |
*10.45 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on June 1, 2006). |
*10.46 |
|
Form
of Master Stock Option Agreement (2006 Plan) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10
to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarterly period ended September 30, 2006). |
*10.47 |
|
Form
of Master Stock Option Agreement for Directors (2006 Plan). |
*10.48 |
|
Form
of Master Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (2006 Plan) (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.11 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarterly period ended
September 30, 2006). |
*10.49 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2005 Executive Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed February 9, 2005). |
*10.50 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2006 Senior Executive Incentive Plan (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K filed on June 1, 2006). |
*10.51 |
|
Performance Targets and Formulas (approved under the 2006
Senior Executive Incentive Plan). |
*10.52 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. Senior Executive Benefits Policy (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended June 30, 2005). |
*10.53 |
|
Summary
Description of Nu Skin Japan Director Retirement Allowance Plan. |
*10.54 |
|
Nu
Skin International, Inc. 1997 Key Employee Death Benefit Plan (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.59 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
*10.55 |
|
Summary
of Team Elite Travel Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31,
2005). |
*10.56 |
|
Employment
Letter with Truman Hunt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2002). |
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Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
*10.57 |
|
Amendment
to Employment Letter with M. Truman Hunt dated September 22, 2005 and Amendment to
provisions of the Company's Executive Incentive Plan with
respect to Mr. Hunt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter
ended September 30, 2005). |
*10.58 |
|
CEO
compensation changes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March
31, 2006). |
*10.59 |
|
Restricted
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 17, 2003, between the Company and Truman
Hunt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2003). |
*10.60 |
|
Employment
Letter with Robert Conlee effective November 26, 2003 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2003). |
*10.61 |
|
Joseph
Y. Chang Employment Agreement dated April 17, 2006 between Mr. Chang and the Company
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Company's current report on Form 8-K
filed on April 18, 2006). |
*10.62 |
|
Daniel
Chard Employment Agreement effective February 13, 2006 between Mr. Chard and the Company. |
*10.63 |
|
Summary
of Non-management Director compensation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to
the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year
ended December 31, 2005). |
*10.64 |
|
Summary
of Non-management Director compensation (revised effective year 2007). |
*10.65 |
|
Severance
letter with Richard King dated March 2, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.59
to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year
ended December 31, 2005). |
*10.66 |
|
Severance
letter with Lori Bush dated March 10, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.60 to
the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year
ended December 31, 2005). |
*10.67 |
|
Settlement
and Release Agreement with Lori Bush dated April 20, 2006 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 2006). |
*10.68 |
|
Event Appearance Bonus Guidelines (Approved for Sandra Tillotson in October 2006) |
21.1 |
|
Subsidiaries
of the Company. |
23.1 |
|
Consent
of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
31.1 |
|
Certification
by M. Truman Hunt, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
-115-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
31.2 |
|
Certification
by Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.1 |
|
Certification
by M. Truman Hunt, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 1350,
Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.2 |
|
Certification
by Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title
18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
-107-