Table of Contents

 

 

 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

(Mark One)

 

x                    Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

For the quarterly period ended November 1, 2008

 

or

 

o                      Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

For the transition period from                    to                   

 

Commission file number: 0-30877

 

Marvell Technology Group Ltd.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Bermuda

 

77-0481679

(State or other jurisdiction of

 

(I.R.S. Employer

incorporation or organization)

 

Identification No.)

 

Canon’s Court, 22 Victoria Street, Hamilton HM 12, Bermuda
(441) 296-6395
(Address, including Zip Code, of principal executive offices and
registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes o No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer  x

 

Accelerated filer  o

 

Non-accelerated filer  o

 

Smaller reporting company  o

 

 

 

 

(Do not check if smaller
reporting company)

 

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). o Yes x No

 

The number of common shares of the registrant outstanding as of November 30, 2008 was 613,308,520 shares.

 

 

 



Table of Contents

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

 

 

Page

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

 

Financial Statements:

 

 

 

 

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of November 1, 2008 and February 2, 2008

 

3

 

 

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007

 

4

 

 

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007

 

5

 

 

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

6

Item 2.

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

29

Item 3.

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

40

Item 4.

 

Controls and Procedures

 

42

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

 

Legal Proceedings

 

43

Item 1A.

 

Risk Factors

 

43

Item 2.

 

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

 

60

Item 3.

 

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

 

60

Item 4.

 

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

 

60

Item 5.

 

Other Information

 

60

Item 6.

 

Exhibits

 

60

Signatures

 

61

Exhibit Index

 

62

 

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Table of Contents

 

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Financial Statements

 

MARVELL TECHNOLOGY GROUP LTD.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands)

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

February 2,
2008

 

ASSETS

Current assets:

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

1,020,007

 

$

615,648

 

Restricted cash

 

24,500

 

 

Short-term investments

 

 

15,254

 

Accounts receivable, net

 

397,836

 

332,020

 

Inventories

 

339,533

 

419,494

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 

63,836

 

105,809

 

Deferred income taxes

 

15,516

 

15,516

 

Total current assets

 

1,861,228

 

1,503,741

 

Property and equipment, net

 

401,521

 

416,241

 

Long-term investments

 

40,310

 

45,628

 

Goodwill

 

1,995,151

 

1,994,068

 

Acquired intangible assets, net

 

328,704

 

433,809

 

Other non-current assets

 

123,591

 

157,107

 

Total assets

 

$

4,750,505

 

$

4,550,594

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

Accounts payable

 

$

224,119

 

$

231,135

 

Accrued liabilities

 

98,711

 

122,961

 

Accrued employee compensation

 

141,491

 

118,101

 

Income taxes payable

 

37,513

 

39,132

 

Deferred income

 

64,720

 

69,420

 

Current portion of capital lease obligations

 

1,751

 

2,463

 

Total current liabilities

 

568,305

 

583,212

 

Capital lease obligations, net of current portion

 

2,911

 

4,238

 

Non-current income taxes payable

 

110,062

 

108,543

 

Term loan obligations, long-term portion

 

187,750

 

390,750

 

Other long-term liabilities

 

50,390

 

52,332

 

Total liabilities

 

919,418

 

1,139,075

 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)

 

 

 

 

 

Shareholders’ equity:

 

 

 

 

 

Common shares

 

1,226

 

1,200

 

Additional paid-in capital

 

4,309,512

 

4,100,659

 

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

 

(948

)

615

 

Accumulated deficit

 

(478,703

)

(690,955

)

Total shareholders’ equity

 

3,831,087

 

3,411,519

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

 

$

4,750,505

 

$

4,550,594

 

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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MARVELL TECHNOLOGY GROUP LTD.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

Net revenue

 

$

791,046

 

$

758,246

 

$

2,437,696

 

$

2,050,007

 

Operating costs and expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of goods sold

 

379,137

 

396,209

 

1,173,892

 

1,059,156

 

Research and development

 

234,222

 

252,205

 

722,411

 

722,532

 

Selling and marketing

 

41,158

 

46,423

 

129,080

 

150,757

 

General and administrative

 

28,869

 

32,537

 

72,809

 

90,300

 

Amortization of acquired intangible assets

 

34,814

 

37,311

 

105,049

 

111,924

 

Total operating costs and expenses

 

718,200

 

764,685

 

2,203,241

 

2,134,669

 

Operating income (loss)

 

72,846

 

(6,439

)

234,455

 

(84,662

)

Interest and other income, net

 

15,109

 

1,109

 

21,973

 

3,127

 

Interest expense

 

(3,566

)

(10,518

)

(15,876

)

(30,435

)

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

84,389

 

(15,848

)

240,552

 

(111,970

)

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 

13,443

 

(9,412

)

28,300

 

3,750

 

Net income (loss)

 

$

70,946

 

$

(6,436

)

$

212,252

 

$

(115,720

)

Net income (loss) per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

0.12

 

$

(0.01

)

$

0.35

 

$

(0.20

)

Diluted

 

$

0.11

 

$

(0.01

)

$

0.34

 

$

(0.20

)

Weighted average shares:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

611,945

 

590,759

 

606,676

 

588,573

 

Diluted

 

630,810

 

590,759

 

630,997

 

588,573

 

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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MARVELL TECHNOLOGY GROUP LTD.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

Cash flows from operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

 

$

212,252

 

$

(115,720

)

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

85,786

 

78,804

 

Stock-based compensation

 

132,431

 

161,020

 

Amortization of acquired intangible assets

 

105,049

 

111,924

 

Gain from sale of asset under construction

 

 

(5,122

)

Fair market value adjustment to Intel inventory sold

 

(14,163

)

(103,914

)

Interest expense related to supply contract

 

 

4,668

 

Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation

 

(356

)

(300

)

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in acquisitions:

 

 

 

 

 

Restricted cash

 

(24,500

)

 

Accounts receivable

 

(65,816

)

(56,932

)

Inventories

 

95,850

 

(158,834

)

Prepaid expenses and other assets

 

61,847

 

99,523

 

Accounts payable

 

(6,004

)

(31,107

)

Accrued liabilities and other

 

(23,693

)

(6,254

)

Accrued employee compensation

 

17,659

 

10,497

 

Income taxes payable

 

(100

)

(4,192

)

Deferred income

 

(4,700

)

29,833

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

571,542

 

13,894

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Cash paid in acquisitions, net

 

 

(8,349

)

Purchases of investments

 

(10,172

)

(166,230

)

Sales and maturities of investments

 

29,181

 

120,516

 

Purchases of technology licenses

 

(2,650

)

(19,525

)

Purchases of property and equipment

 

(59,312

)

(81,135

)

Proceeds from sale of asset under construction

 

 

5,122

 

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(42,953

)

(149,601

)

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from the issuance of common shares

 

80,453

 

32,289

 

Principal payments on capital lease and debt obligations

 

(205,039

)

(9,589

)

Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation

 

356

 

300

 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

 

(124,230

)

23,000

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

 

404,359

 

(112,707

)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

 

615,648

 

568,008

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

 

$

1,020,007

 

$

455,301

 

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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MARVELL TECHNOLOGY GROUP LTD.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Note 1. The Company and its Significant Accounting Policies

 

The Company

 

Marvell Technology Group Ltd., a Bermuda company (the “Company”), is a leading global semiconductor provider of high-performance analog, mixed-signal, digital signal processing and embedded microprocessor integrated circuits. The Company’s diverse product portfolio includes switching, transceivers, wireless, PC connectivity, gateways, communications controllers, storage and power management solutions that serve diverse applications used in business enterprise, consumer electronics and emerging markets.

 

Basis of presentation

 

The Company’s fiscal year is the 52- or 53-week period ending on the Saturday closest to January 31. In a 52-week year, each fiscal quarter consists of 13 weeks. The additional week in a 53-week year is added to the fourth quarter, making such quarter consist of 14 weeks. Fiscal 2009 is comprised of a 52-week period and fiscal 2008 was comprised of a 53-week period.

 

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments consisting of normal and recurring entries considered necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods have been included in the Company’s financial position as of November 1, 2008, the results of its operations for the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007, and its cash flows for the nine months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007. The February 2, 2008 condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP.  Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period balances in the Statements of Operations and Statements of Cash Flows in order to conform to the current period’s presentation.

 

These condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and related notes for the year ended February 2, 2008 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed on March 28, 2008 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  The results of operations for the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full fiscal year.

 

Use of estimates

 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP in the United States requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to performance based compensation, uncollectible receivables, inventory excess and obsolescence, the useful lives of long-lived assets including property and equipment, investment fair values, goodwill and other intangible assets, income taxes and contingencies. In addition, the Company uses assumptions when employing the Black-Scholes option valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards granted. The Company bases its estimates of the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, when these carrying values are not readily available from other sources. Actual results could differ from these estimates, and such differences could affect the results of operations reported in future periods.

 

Principles of consolidation

 

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the United States dollar.

 

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Cash and cash equivalents

 

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit with banks and money market funds.

 

Investments

 

The Company’s marketable investments are classified as available-for-sale securities and are reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are reported, net of tax, if any, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of shareholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other than temporary on available-for-sale securities are included in interest and other income, net.

 

The Company also has equity investments in privately-held companies. These investments are recorded at cost and are included in other non-current assets.  The Company accounts for these investments under the cost method because its ownership is less than 20% and it does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operations of these companies. The Company monitors these investments for impairment and makes appropriate reductions in carrying value when impairment is deemed to be other than temporary.

 

Concentration of credit risk

 

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash primarily in checking and money market accounts. Cash equivalents and short-term investment balances are maintained with high quality financial institutions, the composition and maturities of which are regularly monitored by management. The Company believes that the concentration of credit risk in its trade receivables with respect to its served markets, as well as the limited customer base located primarily in the Asia Pacific Region, are substantially mitigated by the Company’s credit evaluation process, relatively short collection terms and the high level of credit worthiness of its customers. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluation of its customers’ financial condition and limits the amount of credit extended when deemed necessary based upon payment history and the customer’s current credit worthiness, but generally requires no collateral. The Company regularly reviews the allowance for bad debt and doubtful accounts by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the account receivable balances and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay.

 

Inventories

 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, determined under the first-in, first-out method. We establish inventory excess and obsolescence provisions for estimated obsolete or unmarketable inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and estimated net realizable value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions.  Shipping and handling costs are classified as a component of cost of goods sold in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

 

Property and equipment, net

 

Property and equipment, including capital leases and leasehold improvements, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which ranges from three to five years. Buildings are depreciated over an estimated useful life of 30 years and building improvements are depreciated over estimated useful lives of 15 years. Land is not depreciated. Assets held under capital leases and leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of term of lease or their estimated useful lives.

 

Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net

 

Goodwill is recorded when the consideration paid for a business acquisition exceeds the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Acquisition-related identified intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated economic lives of one to seven years for purchased technology, one to eight years for core technology and four to seven years for customer contracts.

 

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Goodwill is measured and tested for impairment on an annual basis during the fourth fiscal quarter or more frequently if the Company believes indicators of impairment exist. The performance of the test involves a two-step process. The first step requires comparing the fair value of the reporting unit to its net book value, including goodwill. As the Company has only one reporting unit, the fair value of the reporting unit is determined by taking the market capitalization of the reporting unit as determined through quoted market prices and adjusted for control premiums and other relevant factors. A potential impairment exists if the fair value of the reporting unit is lower than its net book value. The second step of the process is only performed if a potential impairment exists, and it involves determining the difference between the fair value of the reporting unit’s net assets other than goodwill and the fair value of the reporting unit. If the difference is less than the net book value of goodwill, impairment exists and is recorded. In the event that the Company determines that the value of goodwill has become impaired, the Company will record an accounting charge for the amount of impairment during the fiscal quarter in which the determination is made. The Company has not been required to perform this second step of the process since its implementation of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” because the fair value of the reporting unit has exceeded its net book value at every measurement date.

 

Impairment of long-lived assets

 

Long-lived assets include equipment, furniture and fixtures, privately held equity investments and intangible assets. Whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of long-lived assets may not be recoverable, the Company estimates the future cash flows, undiscounted and without interest charges, expected to result from the use of those assets and their eventual cash position. If the sum of the expected future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets.

 

Revenue recognition

 

The Company accounts for its revenues under the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 104, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements.” Under these provisions, the Company recognizes revenues when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured.

 

Product revenue is generally recognized upon shipment of product to customers, net of accruals for estimated sales returns and allowances. However, some of the Company’s sales are made through distributors under agreements allowing for price protection, shipped from stock pricing adjustment rights and limited rights of return on product unsold by the distributors. Although title passes to the distributor upon shipment terms and payment by the Company’s distributors is not contingent on resale of the product, product revenue on sales made through distributors with price protection, ship from stock pricing adjustment and stock rotation rights is deferred until the distributors sell the product to end customers because the Company’s selling price is not fixed and determinable and the Company is not able to estimate future returns.  Deferred revenue less the related cost of the inventories is reported as deferred income.  The Company does not believe that there is any significant exposure related to impairment of deferred cost of sales, as its historical returns have been minimal and inventory turnover for its distributors generally ranges from 60 to 90 days.  The Company’s sales to direct customers are made primarily pursuant to standard purchase orders for delivery of products. The Company generally allows customers to cancel or change purchase orders with limited notice prior to the scheduled shipment dates and from time to time it also may request a customer to accept a shipment of product before its original requested delivery date, in which case, revenue is not recognized until there is written confirmation from the customer accepting early shipment, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. Additionally, collection is not deemed to be “reasonably assured,” fixed or determinable if customers receive extended payment terms. As a result, revenue on sales to customers with payment terms substantially greater than the Company’s normal payment terms is deferred and is recognized as revenue as the payments become due.  Revenue related to the sale of consignment inventory is not recognized until the product is pulled from inventory stock by the customer.

 

The provision for estimated sales returns and allowances on product sales is recorded in the same period the related revenues are recorded. These estimates are based on historical sales returns, analysis of credit memo data and other known factors. Actual returns could differ from these estimates.

 

The Company also enters into development agreements with some of its customers. Under these development agreements, product revenue is recognized under the proportionate performance method.  Revenue is recognized as related costs to complete the contract are incurred. These costs are included in research and development and other expense.

 

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The provisions of the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue No. 00-21, “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables,” apply to sales arrangements with multiple arrangements that include a combination of hardware, software and /or services. For multiple element arrangements, revenue is allocated to the separate elements based on fair value. If an arrangement includes undelivered elements that are not essential to the functionality of the delivered elements, the Company defers the fair value of the undelivered elements and the residual revenue is allocated to the delivered elements. If the undelivered elements are essential to the functionality of the delivered elements, no revenue is recognized. Undelivered elements typically are software, warranty and maintenance services.

 

The Company accounts for rebates in accordance with EITF Issue No. 01-9, “Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer (Including a Reseller of the Vendor’s Products),” and, accordingly, records reductions to revenue for rebates in the same period that the related revenue is recorded. The amount of these reductions is based upon the terms included in the Company’s various rebate agreements.

 

Accounting for income taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” Under this method, the Company determines deferred tax assets and liabilities based upon the difference between the income tax basis of assets and liabilities and their respective financial reporting amounts at enacted tax rates in effect for the periods in which the differences are expected to reverse. The tax consequences of most events recognized in the current year’s financial statements are included in determining income taxes currently payable. However, because tax laws and financial accounting standards differ in their recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, expenses, gains and losses, differences arise between the amount of taxable income and pretax financial income for a year and between the tax basis of assets or liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. Because it is assumed that the reported amounts of assets and liabilities will be recovered or settled, a difference between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its reported amount on the balance sheet will result in a taxable or a deductible amount in some future years when the related liabilities are settled or assets are recovered, hence giving rise to a deferred tax liability or asset, respectively. The Company then assesses the likelihood that its deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and to the extent the Company believes that recovery is not likely, the Company would establish a valuation allowance. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Tax Positions” (“FIN 48”). The Company classifies accrued interest and penalties as part of the accrued FIN 48 liability and records the expense within the provision for income taxes.

 

The application of income tax law is inherently complex. Laws and regulations in this area are voluminous and are often ambiguous. As such, the Company is required to make many subjective assumptions and judgments regarding its income tax exposures. Interpretations of and guidance surrounding income tax laws and regulations are subject to change over time. As such, changes in its subjective assumptions and judgments can materially affect amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets and statements of income. See Note 12 - Income Taxes of the notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional detail on the Company’s uncertain tax positions.

 

Warranty

 

The Company’s products are generally subject to warranty, which provides for the estimated future costs of repair, replacement or customer accommodation upon shipment of the product in the accompanying statements of operations. The Company’s products typically carry a standard 90-day warranty, with certain exceptions in which the warranty period can range from one to five years. The warranty accrual is estimated based on historical claims compared to historical revenues and assumes that the Company will have to replace products subject to a claim. For new products, the Company uses a historical percentage for the appropriate class of product.

 

Note 2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141R”).  The standard changes the accounting for business combinations including the measurement of acquirer shares issued in consideration for a business combination, the recognition of contingent consideration, the accounting for pre-acquisition gain and loss contingencies, the recognition of capitalized in-process research and development, the accounting for acquisition-related restructuring cost accruals, the treatment of acquisition related transaction costs and the recognition of changes in the acquirer’s income tax valuation allowance.  The adoption of SFAS 141R will change the Company’s accounting treatment for business combinations on a prospective basis beginning on or after December 15, 2008.

 

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In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157” (“FSP 157-2”),” to partially defer SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”).  FSP157-2 defers the effective date of SFAS 157 for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually), to fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of FSP157-2 and does not anticipate that FSP 157-2 will have a material impact on its financial position and results of operations.

 

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (“SFAS 161”). SFAS 161 amends and expands the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early application encouraged.  The Company will adopt SFAS 161 in the first quarter of fiscal 2010 and does not anticipate that SFAS 161 will have a significant impact on its financial position and results of operations.

 

In April 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position FAS 142-3, “Determination of Useful Life of Intangible Assets” (“FSP FAS 142-3”). FSP FAS 142-3 amends the factors that should be considered in developing the renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” FSP FAS 142-3 also requires expanded disclosure related to the determination of intangible asset useful lives. FSP FAS 142-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. Earlier adoption is not permitted. The Company does not anticipate that FSP FAS 142-3 will have a significant impact on its financial position and results of operations.

 

In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles” (“SFAS 162”). SFAS 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. SFAS 162 will become effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.”  The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS 162 will have a significant impact on its financial position and results of operations.

 

In October 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position FAS 157-3, “Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active” (“FSP 157-3”). FSP 157-3 clarified the application of SFAS 157. FSP 157-3 demonstrated how the fair value of a financial asset is determined when the market for that financial asset is inactive. FSP 157-3 was effective upon issuance, including prior periods for which financial statements had not been issued. The implementation of this standard did not have an impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

 

Note 3. Available-For-Sale-Investments

 

Available-for-sale investments (in thousands)

 

 

 

As of November 1, 2008

 

 

 

Amortized
Cost

 

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

 

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

 

Estimated
Fair Value

 

Long-term investments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Auction rate securities

 

$

41,850

 

$

 

$

(1,540

)

$

40,310

 

Total long-term investments

 

$

41,850

 

$

 

$

(1,540

)

$

40,310

 

Total available-for-sale securities

 

$

41,850

 

$

 

$

(1,540

)

$

40,310

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

 

 

As of February 2, 2008

 

 

 

Amortized
Cost

 

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

 

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

 

Estimated
Fair Value

 

Short-term investments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Federal debt securities

 

$

15,231

 

$

23

 

$

 

$

15,254

 

Total short-term investments

 

$

15,231

 

$

23

 

$

 

$

15,254

 

Long-term investments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Auction rate securities

 

$

45,628

 

$

 

$

 

$

45,628

 

Total long-term investments

 

$

45,628

 

$

 

$

 

$

45,628

 

Total available-for-sale securities

 

$

60,859

 

$

23

 

$

 

$

60,882

 

 

As of November 1, 2008, the Company’s investment portfolio included $41.8 million in par value of auction rate securities.  Auction rate securities are usually found in the form of municipal bonds, preferred stock, pools of student loans or collateralized debt obligations with contractual maturities generally between 20 to 30 years and whose interest rates are reset every seven to 35 days through an auction process. At the end of each reset period, investors can sell or continue to hold the securities at par. The Company’s auction rate securities are all backed by student loans originated under the Federal Family Education Loan Program and are over-collateralized, insured and guaranteed by the United States Federal Department of Education (the “DOE”).  All auction rate securities held by the Company are rated by the major independent rating agencies as either AAA or Aaa at the time of purchase and their current ratings are still within the guidelines of the Company’s investment policy.

 

Beginning in February 2008, liquidity issues in the global credit markets resulted in failure of the auctions representing all of the auction rate securities held by the Company, as the amount of securities submitted for sale in those auctions exceed the amount of bids.  These failures are not believed to be a credit issue, but rather caused by a lack of liquidity. Observable market prices were not available for the valuation of these investments.  Accordingly, the Company used a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of the auction rate securities as of November 1, 2008.  The assumptions used in preparing the discounted cash flow model included estimates for the amount and timing of future interest and principal payments, the collateralization of underlying security investments, the credit worthiness of the issuer of the securities, the probability of full repayment considering the guarantees by the DOE of the underlying student loans, guarantees by other third parties, additional credit enhancements included in the securities, and the rate of return required by investors to own these securities in the current environment.  Utilizing these assumptions, the Company found that its auction rate securities had a fair value of $40.3 million, which indicated an impairment of approximately $1.5 million. During the nine months ended November 1, 2008, the Company recorded a temporary impairment charge for this amount in accumulated other comprehensive (loss), a component of shareholders’ equity.  When evaluating whether the impairment is temporary or other than temporary, the Company reviewed factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time which may be sufficient for anticipated recovery in the market value.  The Company specifically noted that it had approximately 4% of its total cash invested in these auction rate securities, a cash balance of approximately $1.0 billion in cash and cash equivalents other than auction rate securities, and that the Company continues to generate positive cash flow on a quarterly basis.

 

While the recent auction failures limit the Company’s ability to liquidate these investments, the Company does not believe that the auction failures will materially impact its ability to fund its working capital needs, capital expenditures or other business requirements, and that it has the ability to hold these securities for a period longer than 12 months.  However, at the reporting date, it is not certain when liquidity will return to the markets or if any other secondary markets will become available, and the Company has continued to classify its auction rate securities in long-term investments as of November 1, 2008.

 

The Company will continue to evaluate the impact of these failed auctions on the fair value of its auction rate securities.  If the issuer of the auction rate securities is unable to successfully close future auctions or does not redeem the auction rate securities, or the United States government fails to support its guaranty of the obligations, the Company may be required to adjust the carrying value of the auction rate securities and record other-than-temporary impairment charges in future periods, which could materially affect its results of operations and financial condition.

 

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The contractual maturities of available-for-sale debt securities at November 1, 2008 and February 2, 2008 are presented in the following table (in thousands):

 

 

 

November 1, 2008

 

February 2, 2008

 

 

 

Amortized
Cost

 

Estimated
Fair Value

 

Amortized
Cost

 

Estimated
Fair Value

 

Due in one year or less

 

$

 

$

 

$

15,231

 

$

15,254

 

Due between one and five years

 

 

 

 

 

Due over five years

 

41,850

 

40,310

 

45,628

 

45,628

 

 

 

$

41,850

 

$

40,310

 

$

60,859

 

$

60,882

 

 

The following table shows the investments’ gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):

 

 

 

November 1, 2008

 

 

 

Less than
12 months

 

Total

 

 

 

Fair
Value

 

Unrealized
Loss

 

Fair
Value

 

Unrealized
Loss

 

Auction rate securities

 

$

41,850

 

$

1,540

 

$

41,850

 

$

1,540

 

Total securities

 

$

41,850

 

$

1,540

 

$

4,1850

 

$

1,540

 

 

Note 4. Supplemental Financial Information

 

Inventories (in thousands)

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

February 2,
2008

 

Work-in-process

 

$

209,234

 

$

270,449

 

Finished goods

 

130,299

 

149,045

 

 

 

$

339,533

 

$

419,494

 

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets (in thousands)

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

February 2,
2008

 

Prepayments for foundry capacity

 

$

16,000

 

$

23,200

 

Prepayments for wafers

 

 

13,938

 

Receivable from foundry

 

8,392

 

10,240

 

Other

 

39,444

 

58,431

 

 

 

$

63,836

 

$

105,809

 

 

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Property and equipment, net (in thousands)

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

February 2,
2008

 

Property and equipment:

 

 

 

 

 

Machinery and equipment

 

$

337,044

 

$

315,797

 

Computer software

 

75,789

 

72,736

 

Furniture and fixtures

 

22,882

 

22,303

 

Leasehold improvements

 

33,627

 

33,659

 

Buildings

 

107,660

 

105,091

 

Building improvements

 

44,741

 

44,340

 

Land

 

71,198

 

61,096

 

Construction in progress

 

42,464

 

32,287

 

 

 

735,405

 

687,309

 

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization

 

(333,884

)

(271,068

)

 

 

$

401,521

 

$

416,241

 

 

Other non-current assets (in thousands)

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

February 2,
2008

 

Long term prepayments for foundry capacity

 

$

12,000

 

$

22,800

 

Cost investments in private companies

 

7,058

 

7,058

 

Severance fund

 

45,718

 

50,235

 

Technology licenses

 

21,667

 

25,209

 

Deferred tax assets, non-current

 

22,975

 

22,975

 

Other

 

14,173

 

28,830

 

 

 

$

123,591

 

$

157,107

 

 

Accrued liabilities (in thousands)

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

February 2,
2008

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Term loan obligations, current portion

 

$

4,000

 

$

4,000

 

Accrued royalties

 

7,752

 

8,859

 

Accrued rebates

 

28,924

 

22,756

 

Accrued legal and professional services

 

27,427

 

25,562

 

Accrued contingent consideration

 

 

27,000

 

Other

 

30,608

 

34,784

 

 

 

$

98,711

 

$

122,961

 

 

Other long-term liabilities (in thousands)

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

February 2,
2008

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accrued severance

 

$

48,659

 

$

49,819

 

Long-term facilities consolidation charge

 

717

 

1,326

 

Other

 

1,014

 

1,187

 

 

 

$

50,390

 

$

52,332

 

 

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Note 5. Net Income (Loss) Per Share

 

The Company reports both basic net income (loss) per share, which is based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding excluding contingently issuable or returnable shares, and diluted net income (loss) per share, which is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and dilutive potential common shares. The computations of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share are presented in the following table (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

Numerator:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

 

$

70,946

 

$

(6,436

)

$

212,252

 

$

(115,720

)

Denominator:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average shares of common shares outstanding

 

611,945

 

590,759

 

606,676

 

588,573

 

Weighted average shares — basic

 

611,945

 

590,759

 

606,676

 

588,573

 

Effect of dilutive securities-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Warrants

 

 

 

420

 

 

Common share options and other

 

18,865

 

 

23,901

 

 

Weighted average shares — diluted

 

630,810

 

590,759

 

630,997

 

588,573

 

Net income (loss) per share

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

0.12

 

$

(0.01

)

$

0.35

 

$

(0.20

)

Diluted

 

$

0.11

 

$

(0.01

)

$

0.34

 

$

(0.20

)

 

Options to purchase 66,079,306 common shares at a weighted average exercise price of $19.34 have been excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share for the three months ended November 1, 2008 because the exercise price of the stock options was greater than the average share price of the Company’s common shares and therefore, the effect would have been anti-dilutive.  Warrants, common share options, restricted stock and other securities totaling 38,808,757 shares were excluded from diluted net loss per share for the three months ended October 27, 2007 as their impact would be anti-dilutive in a net loss period.

 

Options to purchase 60,499,458 common shares at a weighted average exercise price of $20.25 have been excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share for the nine months ended November 1, 2008because the exercise price of the stock options was greater than the average share price of the Company’s common shares and therefore, the effect would have been anti-dilutive. Warrants, common stock options, restricted stock and other securities totaling 41,265,093 were excluded from diluted net loss per share for the nine months ended October 27, 2007 as their impact would be anti-dilutive in a net loss period.

 

Comprehensive income (loss) (in thousands)

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

Net income (loss)

 

$

70,946

 

$

(6,436

)

$

212,252

 

$

(115,720

)

Other comprehensive income (loss):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments and other, net of tax

 

316

 

143

 

(1,563

)

467

 

Total comprehensive income (loss)

 

$

71,262

 

$

(6,293

)

$

210,689

 

$

(115,253

)

 

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), as presented in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, consists of the unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments and other, net of tax.

 

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Note 6. Fair Value Measurements

 

Effective February 3, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS 157, except as it applies to the nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities subject to FSP 157-2. SFAS 157 clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, SFAS 157 establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:

 

Level 1 - Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

 

Level 2 - Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

 

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity.

 

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

 

In accordance with SFAS 157, we measure our cash equivalents and marketable securities at fair value. Our cash equivalents and marketable securities are primarily classified within Level 1 with the exception of our investments in auction rate securities, which are classified within Level 3. Cash equivalents and marketable securities are valued primarily using quoted market prices utilizing market observable inputs.  The Company’s investments in auction rate securities are classified within Level 3 because there are no active markets for the auction rate securities and therefore the Company is unable to obtain independent valuations from market sources.  Therefore, the auction rate securities were valued using a discounted cash flow model (see Note 3 above).  Some of the inputs to the cash flow model are unobservable in the market. The total amount of assets measured using Level 3 valuation methodologies represented 1% of total assets as of November 1, 2008.

 

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The table below sets forth, by level, our financial assets that were accounted for at fair value as of November 1, 2008.  The table does not include assets and liabilities which are measured at historical cost or any basis other than fair value (in thousands):

 

 

 

Portion of
Carrying
Value
Measured at
Fair Value
November 1,
2008

 

Level 1

 

Level 3

 

Items measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash equivalents:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Treasury bills

 

$

53,685

 

$

53,685

 

 

 

Money market funds

 

202,000

 

202,000

 

 

 

Long-term investments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Auction rate securities

 

40,310

 

 

 

40,310

 

Total

 

$

295,995

 

$

255,685

 

$

40,310

 

 

The following table summarizes the change in fair values for Level 3 items for the nine months ended November 1, 2008:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Level 3

 

Changes in fair value during the period ended November 1, 2008 (pre-tax):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Beginning Balance at February 3, 2008

 

 

 

 

 

$

45,628

 

Purchases

 

 

 

 

 

10,000

 

Sales

 

 

 

 

 

(13,778

)

Unrealized loss included in other comprehensive income (loss)

 

 

 

 

 

(1,540

)

Ending Balance at November 1, 2008

 

 

 

 

 

$

40,310

 

 

Note 7. Business Combinations

 

During fiscal 2008, the Company completed the acquisition of two unrelated private companies. One of the companies was acquired for $9.7 million and designs and develops software for optical storage applications. The second company was acquired for $13.4 million and provides IP Multimedia Subsystem middleware and applications for multi-mode cellular mobile devices. Under the purchase method of accounting, the total purchase price of these acquisitions was allocated to net tangible and intangible assets based on their fair values with the remainder recorded as goodwill.  In conjunction with these acquisitions, the Company recorded acquired net tangible assets of $4.1 million, deferred tax assets of $0.9 million, deferred tax liabilities of $3.8 million, amortizable intangible assets of $9.2 million and goodwill of $12.7 million. The intangible assets are being amortized over their useful lives ranging from one to seven years.

 

During the three months ended November 1, 2008, the Company paid $1.3 million in cash to shareholders of one of the unrelated private companies based on the achievement of certain defined milestones.  Approximately $1.1 million of the amount paid was recorded to goodwill as additional purchase consideration.  The remainder was recorded as compensation expense.

 

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Note 8. Acquired Intangible Assets, Net

 

 

 

As of November 1, 2008

 

As of February 2, 2008

 

 

 

Gross
Carrying
Amount

 

Accumulated
Amortization

 

Net
Carrying
Amount

 

Gross
Carrying
Amount

 

Accumulated
Amortization

 

Net
Carrying
Amount

 

Purchased technology

 

$

708,398

 

$

(588,678

)

$

119,720

 

$

708,398

 

$

(538,765

)

$

169,633

 

Core technology

 

212,650

 

(91,372

)

121,278

 

212,650

 

(62,758

)

149,892

 

Trade name

 

350

 

(199

)

151

 

350

 

(130

)

220

 

Customer contracts

 

183,300

 

(96,271

)

87,029

 

183,300

 

(70,029

)

113,271

 

Supply contract

 

900

 

(735

)

165

 

900

 

(642

)

258

 

Non-competition

 

700

 

(339

)

361

 

700

 

(165

)

535

 

Total intangible assets, net

 

$

1,106,298

 

$

(777,594

)

$

328,704

 

$

1,106,298

 

$

(672,489

)

$

433,809

 

 

Purchased technologies are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of one to six years.  Core technologies are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of one to eight years.  Trade names are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimate useful lives of one to five years.  Customer contracts and related relationships are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of four to seven years.  The supply contract is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life of four years.  Non-competition is amortized on a straight-line basis over three years.  The aggregate amortization expense of identified intangible assets was $34.8 million for the three months ended November 1, 2008 and $37.3 million for the three months ended October 27, 2007, $105.0 million for the nine months ended November 1, 2008 and $111.9 million for the nine months ended October 27, 2007.

 

Based on the identified intangible assets recorded at November 1, 2008, the future amortization expense of identified intangibles for the next five fiscal years is as follows (in thousands):

 

Fiscal year

 

Amount

 

Remainder of fiscal 2009

 

$

32,801

 

2010

 

113,496

 

2011

 

83,283

 

2012

 

41,713

 

2013

 

34,979

 

Thereafter

 

22,432

 

 

 

$

328,704

 

 

Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies

 

Warranty obligations

 

The following table presents changes in the warranty accrual included in accrued liabilities during the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007 (in thousands):

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

Warranty accrual (included in accrued liabilities):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Beginning balance

 

$

2,521

 

$

2,380

 

$

2,532

 

$

2,567

 

Accruals

 

286

 

397

 

1,106

 

756

 

Settlements

 

(367

)

(310

)

(1,198

)

(856

)

Ending balance

 

$

2,440

 

$

2,467

 

$

2,440

 

$

2,467

 

 

Intellectual property indemnification

 

The Company has agreed to indemnify select customers for claims made against the Company’s products, where such claims allege infringement of third party intellectual property rights, including, but not limited to, patents, registered trademarks, and/or copyrights.  Under the aforementioned indemnification clauses, the Company may be obligated to defend the customer and pay for the damages awarded against the customer under an infringement claim, including paying for the customer’s attorneys’ fees and costs.  The Company’s indemnification obligations generally do not expire after termination or expiration of the agreement containing the indemnification obligation.  In certain cases, there are limits on and exceptions to the Company’s potential liability for

 

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indemnification.  Although, historically, the Company has not made significant payments under these indemnification obligations, the Company cannot estimate the amount of potential future payments, if any, that it might be required to make as a result of these agreements.  However, the maximum potential amount of any future payments that the Company could be required to make under these indemnification obligations could be significant.

 

Purchase commitments

 

In connection with the acquisition of the communication and application processor business of Intel Corporation, the Company entered into a product supply agreement with Intel. Although the Company has met the contractual obligations under the original supply agreement and has transitioned certain products to its fabrication partners, the Company anticipates that it will continue to source certain legacy application processor cellular and handset inventory from Intel. Under terms of an amendment to the supply agreement, the Company has committed to purchase an additional minimum number of wafers through December 2008. The amendment had no impact on the accounting for the original acquisition.  As of November 1, 2008, the Company had non-cancellable purchase orders outstanding of $11.4 million under the amended arrangement.

 

Under the Company’s manufacturing relationships with its other foundries, cancellation of outstanding purchase orders is allowed but requires repayment of all expenses incurred through the date of cancellation. As of November 1, 2008, these foundries had incurred approximately $123.4 million of manufacturing expenses on the Company’s outstanding purchase orders.

 

On February 28, 2005 and as amended on March 31, 2005, the Company entered into an agreement with a foundry to reserve and secure foundry fabrication capacity for a fixed number of wafers at agreed upon prices for a period of five and a half years beginning on October 1, 2005. In return, the Company agreed to pay the foundry $174.2 million over a period of 18 months.  The amendment extends the term of the agreement and the agreed upon pricing terms until December 31, 2015.  As of November 1, 2008, payments totaling $174.2 million, which is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other non-current assets have been made and approximately $146.2 million of the prepayment has been utilized as of November 1, 2008.  At November 1, 2008, there were no outstanding commitments under the agreement.

 

As of November 1, 2008, the Company had approximately $58.1 million of other outstanding non-cancellable purchase orders for capital purchase obligations.

 

Contingencies

 

IPO Securities Litigation.  On July 31, 2001, a putative class action suit was filed against two investment banks that participated in the underwriting of the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”) on June 29, 2000. That lawsuit, which did not name the Company or any of its officers or directors as defendants, was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Plaintiffs allege that the underwriters received “excessive” and undisclosed commissions and entered into unlawful “tie-in” agreements with certain of their clients in violation of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Thereafter, on September 5, 2001, a second putative class action was filed in the Southern District of New York relating to the Company’s IPO. In this second action, plaintiffs named three underwriters as defendants and also named as defendants the Company and two of its officers, one of whom is also a director. Relying on many of the same allegations contained in the initial complaint, plaintiffs allege that the defendants violated various provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Exchange Act. In both actions, plaintiffs seek, among other items, unspecified damages, pre-judgment interest and reimbursement of attorneys’ and experts’ fees. These two actions have been consolidated and coordinated with hundreds of other lawsuits filed by plaintiffs against approximately 40 underwriters and approximately 300 issuers across the United States. Defendants in the coordinated proceedings moved to dismiss the actions. In February 2003, the trial court granted the motions in part and denied them in part, thus allowing the case to proceed against the Company and the underwriters. Claims against the individual officers have been voluntarily dismissed with prejudice by agreement with plaintiffs. In June 2004, a stipulation of settlement and release of claims against the issuer defendants, including the Company, was submitted to the court for approval. On August 31, 2005, the Court preliminarily approved the settlement. In December 2006, the appellate court overturned the certification of classes in the six focus cases that were selected by the underwriter defendants and plaintiffs in the coordinated proceedings (the action involving the Company is not one of the six cases). Because class certification was a condition of the settlement, it was unlikely that the settlement would receive final Court approval. On June 25, 2007, the Court entered an order terminating the proposed settlement based upon a stipulation among the parties to the settlement. Plaintiffs filed amended master allegations and amended complaints in the six focus cases. Defendants’ motions to dismiss those new complaints were denied in part and granted in part.

 

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Section 16(b) Litigation.  On October 9, 2007, a purported shareholder of the Company filed a complaint for violation of Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act, which prohibits short swing trading, against the Company’s IPO underwriters. The complaint Vanessa Simmonds v. The Goldman Sachs Group, et al., Case No. C07-1632 filed in District Court for the Western District of Washington, seeks the recovery of short-swing profits. The Company is named as a nominal defendant. No recovery is sought from the Company.  Numerous similar suits were filed by the same plaintiff against other underwriters relating to other issuers.   A hearing on motions to dismiss filed by the underwriter defendants and some of the issuer defendants (excluding the Company) is scheduled for January 16, 2009.  All discovery is stayed pending resolution of the moving defendants’ motions to dismiss.

 

Jasmine Networks Litigation.  On September 12, 2001, Jasmine Networks, Inc. (“Jasmine”) filed a lawsuit in the Santa Clara County Superior Court alleging claims against the Company and three of its officers for allegedly improperly obtaining and using information and technologies during the course of the negotiations with its personnel regarding the potential acquisition of certain Jasmine assets by the Company. The lawsuit claims that the Company’s officers used such information and technologies after the Company signed a non-disclosure agreement with Jasmine. The Company believes the claims asserted against its officers and the Company are without merit and the Company intends to defend all claims vigorously.

 

On June 21, 2005, the Company filed a cross complaint in the above disclosed action in the Santa Clara County Superior Court asserting claims against Jasmine and unnamed Jasmine officers and employees. The cross complaint was later amended to name two individual officers of Jasmine. On May 15, 2007, the Company filed a second amended cross complaint to add additional causes of action for declaratory relief against Jasmine. Among other causes of action, the cross complaint alleges that Jasmine and its personnel engaged in fraud in connection with their effort to sell the Company technology that Jasmine and its personnel wrongfully obtained from a third party in violation of such third party’s rights, and that such technology does not constitute trade secrets or property of Jasmine. The cross complaint seeks a declaratory judgment that the Company’s technology does not incorporate any of Jasmine’s alleged technology. The cross complaint seeks further a declaratory judgment that Jasmine and its personnel misappropriated certain aspects of Jasmine’s allegedly proprietary technology. The Company intends to prosecute the cross complaint against Jasmine and its personnel vigorously, including, but not limited to, filing certain dispositive motions regarding the ownership of the technology which is the subject of the cross complaint. On June 13, 2007, Jasmine filed a demurrer to the fifth, sixth and seventh causes of action of the Company’s second amended cross complaint. The demurrer was heard on July 19, 2007 and denied. On August 3, 2007, Jasmine filed its answer to the second amended cross complaint. The Company thereafter filed its motion for summary adjudication on its fifth and sixth causes of action for declaratory relief seeking, among other things, a determination that Jasmine held no proprietary interest in the “JSLIP” algorithm, which was one of the core technologies Jasmine asserts was misappropriated by the Company. The motion was denied on November 14, 2007. However, in its opposition, Jasmine admitted that JSLIP had been taken from the work of a third party and is embodied in patents held by the University of California and Cisco Systems. These admissions are significant with respect to both Jasmine’s assertion of trade secret rights and any damages claimed by Jasmine.

 

In addition, on December 28, 2001 and January 7, 2002, the trial court issued a preliminary injunction precluding Jasmine from using, disclosing or disseminating the contents of a privileged communication between certain officers of the Company and its counsel. The order granting injunctive relief was reversed by the California Court of Appeal, but review was granted by the California Supreme Court on a “grant and hold” basis pending the Court’s decision on a case involving closely related issues, Rico v. Mitsubishi Motors Corp. (2004) 116 Cal.App.4th 51. The effect of the California Supreme Court’s grant of review was to depublish the Court of Appeal’s decision. On December 13, 2007, the California Supreme Court ruled in the Rico v. Mitsubishi case in a manner consistent with the position asserted by the Company that attorney work product and attorney-client privileges are not waived by inadvertent disclosure of a privileged communication, and that any party receiving such information (i) is required to notify opposing counsel immediately; and (ii) may not read such document more closely than is necessary to determine it is privileged. Rico v. Mitsubishi Motors Corp. (2007) 42 Cal.4th 807. Following its decision in Rico v. Mitsubishi, on April 23, 2008, the California Supreme Court issued an order dismissing the Company’s petition for review.  As a result the decision of the Court of Appeal, which remains unpublished, became final.

 

The case is now proceeding in the trial court, and a trial date has been set for March 2, 2009.  The parties are engaged in extensive discovery.  The Company and its officers intend to seek summary judgment and/or summary adjudication of issues as to the claims alleged against them, and to vigorously assert their cross-claims and defenses in the trial court.

 

CSIRO Litigation.  As of January 2007, Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (“CSIRO”) was involved in three patent litigations in the Eastern District of Texas in which it has accused a number of wireless LAN system manufacturers, including some of the Company’s customers, of infringing CSIRO’s patent, U.S. Patent No. 5,487,069 (the “‘069 Patent”).  CSIRO’s claims of infringement relate to IEEE 802.11a, 802.11g and 802.11n wireless standards. As a result of CSIRO’s claims for patent infringement, a number of the Company’s customers have sought indemnification from the Company.  In response to these demands for indemnification, the Company has acknowledged the demands and incurred costs in response to them.

 

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On May 4, 2007, the Company filed an action in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas seeking a declaratory judgment against CSIRO that the ‘069 Patent is invalid and unenforceable and that the Company and its customers do not infringe the ‘069 Patent. The complaint also seeks damages and a license for the Company and its customers on reasonable and non-discriminatory terms in the event the Company’s 802.11a/g/n wireless LAN products are found to infringe and the ‘069 Patent is found to be valid and enforceable.

 

On July 3, 2007, the Company moved to intervene in two of the actions described in the first paragraph above pending in the Eastern District of Texas, for the purposes of staying the actions as to products incorporating the Company’s parts in favor of the separate action that the Company filed as described in the second paragraph above. Alternatively the Company moved to disqualify the firm of Townsend, Townsend and Crew from continuing to represent CSIRO because of a conflict of interest. CSIRO opposed these motions on August 3, 2007.

 

On August 3, 2007, CSIRO moved to dismiss the Company’s complaint for lack of case or controversy and failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, or, in the alternative, to stay the case pending the resolution of the pending lawsuits described in the first paragraph above. On October 24, 2007, the Court issued an order denying CSIRO’s motion to dismiss. The Court also denied the Company’s motions to stay/intervene/disqualify.  The Company appealed the Court’s denial of the motions to stay/intervene/disqualify to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (the “CAFC”).   On October 23, 2008, the CAFC affirmed the Court’s decision in a nonprecedential opinion.

 

On December 5, 2007, CSIRO filed its answer to the Company’s complaint, as well as counterclaims against the Company for willful and deliberate infringement of the ‘069 Patent. CSIRO’s counterclaims included a claim for monetary damages, including triple damages based on its allegation of willful and deliberate infringement, attorneys’ fees and injunctive relief.   On April 10, 2008, the Company filed a First Amended Complaint and First Amended Reply to CSIRO’s Answer and Counterclaims.  On April 23, 2008, CSIRO filed its Answer and Counterclaims to the First Amended Complaint.  On May 12, 2008, the Company filed a Reply and Affirmative Defenses to CSIRO’s amended counterclaims.

 

On May 22, 2008, the Company filed a motion for summary judgment seeking to invalidate the ‘069 Patent on indefiniteness grounds.  The motion was denied on August 14, 2008.

 

The claim construction hearing was held on June 26, 2008 and the claim construction order was issued on August 14, 2008.  Trial for the three actions described in the first paragraph is currently set to begin on April 13, 2009.  Trial for the Company’s declaratory judgment action is set to begin on May 10, 2010.  CSIRO and the Company are currently engaging in discovery and motion practice.  The Court has set a Case Management Conference for December 16, 2008 for the Marvell action and related CSIRO actions, including those actions involving the Company’s customers.  At the December 16 Case Management Conference, the Court may take some action that would affect the schedules and/or other aspects of the various CSIRO litigations.

 

Shareholder Derivative Litigation.  Between June 22, 2006 and August 2, 2006, three purported shareholder derivative actions were filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Each of these lawsuits names the Company as a nominal defendant and a number of the Company’s current and former directors and officers as defendants. Each lawsuit seeks to recover damages purportedly sustained by the Company in connection with its option granting processes, and seeks certain corporate governance and internal control changes. Pursuant to orders of the court dated August 17 and October 17, 2006, the three actions were consolidated as a single action, entitled In re Marvell Technology Group Ltd. Derivative Litigation. The plaintiffs filed an amended and consolidated complaint on November 1, 2006. On January 16, 2007, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the consolidated complaint for lack of standing or, in the alternative, stay proceedings.

 

On February 12, 2007, a new purported derivative action was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. As in In re Marvell Technology Group Ltd. Derivative Litigation, this lawsuit names the Company as a nominal defendant and a number of the Company’s current and former directors and officers as defendants. It seeks to recover damages purportedly sustained by the Company in connection with its option granting processes, and seeks certain corporate governance and internal control changes. On May 1, 2007, the court entered an order consolidating this lawsuit with In re Marvell Technology Group Ltd.

 

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Derivative Litigation.  On May 29, 2007, the Court entered an order staying discovery in this matter pending resolution of the Company’s motion to dismiss.

 

On January 25, 2008, the Court entered a stipulated order staying proceedings so that the parties could finalize a settlement that would resolve the actions. On or about March 5, 2008, the parties entered into a memorandum of understanding that tentatively settles and resolves the actions. The terms of the memorandum of understanding include certain corporate governance enhancements and an agreement by the Company to pay up to $16 million in plaintiffs’ attorneys’ fees, an amount less than the $24.5 million that the Company received from a settlement with its directors’ and officers’ liability insurers. This tentative settlement of the consolidated derivative actions requires court approval before it becomes final. The Company accrued the $16 million settlement amount in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008.  The Company anticipates that the parties will finalize and submit formal settlement documentation to the court in the next few months for both preliminary and final approval, at which time payment of the settlement amount will be made.  The Company recorded the insurance settlement amount as restricted cash at the time it was received in the first quarter of fiscal 2009.

 

Class Action Securities Litigation.  Between October 5, 2006 and November 13, 2006, four putative class actions were filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against the Company and certain of its officers and directors. The complaints allege that the Company and certain of its officers and directors violated the federal securities laws by making false and misleading statements and omissions relating to the grants of stock options. The complaints seek, on behalf of persons who purchased the Company’s common shares during the period from October 3, 2001 to October 3, 2006, unspecified damages, interest, and costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees and disbursements. Pursuant to an order of the court dated February 2, 2007, these four putative class actions were consolidated as a single action entitled In re Marvell Technology Group Ltd. Securities Litigation. On August 16, 2007, plaintiffs filed a consolidated class action complaint. On October 18, 2007, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the consolidated class action complaint.  On September 29, 2008, the District Court issued an order granting in part and denying in part Marvell’s motion to dismiss the consolidated class action complaint.  The District Court gave the plaintiffs thirty days to amend their complaint.  Plaintiffs elected not to amend the complaint and instead will proceed with the claims that the court did not dismiss. Defendants’ responses to the complaint are due on December 12, 2008.

 

SEC and United States Attorney Inquiries.  In July 2006, the Company received a letter of informal inquiry from the SEC requesting certain documents relating to the Company’s stock option grants and practices. The Company also received a grand jury subpoena from the office of the United States Attorney for the Northern District of California requesting substantially similar documents. On April 20, 2007, the Company was informed that the SEC was conducting a formal investigation into this matter. On June 8, 2007 and July 3, 2007, the Company received document subpoenas from the SEC. On October 11, 2007, the Company received a “Wells Notice” from the staff of the SEC. Weili Dai, Vice President of Sales for Communications and Consumer Business of Marvell Semiconductor, Inc. (“MSI”), who is not an officer or director of the Company, also received a “Wells” notice. The SEC staff also advised the Company that it is not at this time recommending enforcement action against any of the Company’s current officers or directors. The “Wells” notices indicated that the staff intended to recommend to the staff of the SEC that it bring civil actions against the recipients for injunctive relief and civil monetary penalties. The Company responded in writing to the “Wells Notice” and sought to reach a resolution of this matter before any action was filed.

 

On May 8, 2008, the Company announced that it had reached an agreement with the SEC to settle this matter.  Without admitting or denying the allegations in the SEC’s complaint, the Company agreed to settle the charges by consenting to a permanent injunction against any future violations of various provisions of the federal securities laws. The Company also agreed to pay a civil penalty of $10 million in connection with the settlement.  On May 8, 2008, the SEC filed a complaint captioned SEC v. Marvell Technology Group, Ltd., et al., Case No. CV-08-2367-HRL, in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.  The Company’s consent to entry of final judgment was also filed on May 8, 2008.  In a related agreement, Ms. Dai also entered into a settlement with the SEC.  Without admitting or denying the allegations in the SEC’s complaint, Ms. Dai consented to a permanent injunction against any future violations of various provisions of the federal securities laws, agreed not to serve as a director or officer of a public company for a period of five years, and agreed to pay a civil penalty of $500,000.   The Court entered the final judgment against Ms. Dai on June 16, 2008 and against the Company on July 1, 2008.  The Company accrued the $10 million civil penalty in the first quarter of fiscal 2009 and paid it to the SEC on July 8, 2008.

 

This settlement concludes the SEC’s formal investigation of the Company with respect to the Company’s historic stock option granting practices.

 

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Wi-Lan Litigation.  On December 21, 2006, MSI received a letter from Wi-Lan, Inc. (“Wi-Lan”) accusing MSI of infringing four United States patents allegedly owned by Wi-Lan, and one Canadian patent also allegedly owned by Wi-Lan. On October 31, 2007, Wi-Lan sued two groups of system and chip manufacturers in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, in both cases naming MSI as a defendant and alleging patent infringement. In the first case, Wi-Lan alleges that defendants infringe two patents that allegedly relate to the 802.11 wireless standard. In the second case, Wi-Lan alleges that defendants infringe the same two patents asserted in the first case, and in addition Wi-Lan alleges that some of the defendants in the second case infringe a third patent that allegedly relates to Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (“ADSL”) technology. In the second case, MSI is not accused of infringing the ADSL patent.

 

On May 27, 2008, defendants in both cases jointly moved to consolidate the co-pending related cases and permit claims involving suppliers of the products to be litigated first.  Wi-Lan filed its opposition on June 18, 2008.  On September 10, 2008, the Court granted the defendant’s motion to consolidate both actions but denied as premature having the defendant suppliers’ case proceed first.  The Claim Construction Hearing is scheduled for September 1, 2010, and the trial is set to begin on January 4, 2011.  MSI believes it does not infringe the asserted Wi-Lan patents and will vigorously defend itself in these matters.

 

On November 5, 2007, MSI filed a complaint against Wi-Lan in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California asking the Court to find that it does not infringe three patents that Wi-Lan asserted against MSI in its December 21, 2006 letter. Two of these patents were not asserted against MSI in either of the two Texas litigations. These patents allegedly relate to Wideband Code Division Multiple Access technology. Also, MSI asks in the alternative that the Court find the patents invalid. Wi-Lan has filed a motion to dismiss, and the Company filed its opposition to that motion on June 9, 2008.  On June 19, 2008, Marvell settled this declaratory judgment action.  This settlement does not effect or in any way involve the ongoing litigations brought by Wi-LAN in the Eastern District of Texas.

 

Fujitsu et al. Litigation.  On December 17, 2007, Fujitsu, Ltd., LG Electronics., Ltd., and U.S. Philips Corp., sued NETGEAR, Inc. in the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin, alleging that NETGEAR’s 802.11 equipment infringed three United States patents allegedly owned individually by the plaintiffs.  On March 17, 2008, NETGEAR filed a third-party complaint against three companies, including MSI, who allegedly supply 802.11 chips to NETGEAR.  In the third-party action, NETGEAR alleges that whatever damages and compensation it is required to pay as a result of the underlying patent infringement litigation, the alleged suppliers owe to NETGEAR.  The Company filed an answer and a motion to amend the schedule in the case on April 8, 2008.  The Court, on its own, adjusted the schedule to account for the new parties added to the litigation and moved the trial date to April 27, 2009.  The claim construction hearing was held on August 15, 2008.  The Company believes that it does not owe NETGEAR any payment resulting from NETGEAR’s use of the Company’s 802.11 parts in NETGEAR products, and the Company also believes that none of the patents in suit is infringed by NETGEAR.  The Company entered into a stipulated dismissal from this litigation on November 3, 2008.

 

General.  The Company is also party to other legal proceedings and claims arising in the normal course of business.  The legal proceedings and claims described above could result in substantial costs and could divert the attention and resources of the Company’s management. Although the legal responsibility and financial impact with respect to these proceedings and claims cannot currently be ascertained, an unfavorable outcome in such actions could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s cash flows.  Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties and unfavorable rulings could occur. An unfavorable ruling in litigation could require the Company to pay damages or one-time license fees or royalty payments, which could adversely impact gross margins in future periods, or could prevent the Company from manufacturing or selling some of its products or limit or restrict the type of work that employees involved in such litigation may perform for the Company. There can be no assurance that these matters will be resolved in a manner that is not adverse to the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

 

Note 10. Stock-Based Compensation

 

The Company adopted SFAS 123R in its fiscal year beginning January 29, 2006.  SFAS 123R requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based awards to employees and directors, including employee stock options, restricted stock units and employee stock purchase rights based on estimated fair values.

 

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The following table presents details of stock-based compensation expenses by functional line item (in thousands):

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

Cost of goods sold

 

$

1,795

 

$

4,326

 

$

8,623

 

$

10,619

 

Research and development

 

30,607

 

39,989

 

93,537

 

106,622

 

Selling and marketing

 

6,896

 

6,949

 

20,403

 

25,097

 

General and administrative

 

280

 

4,092

 

9,868

 

18,682

 

 

 

$

39,578

 

$

55,356

 

$

132,431

 

$

161,020

 

 

Stock-based compensation of $2.5 million was capitalized into inventory as of November 1, 2008.

 

The following assumptions were used for each respective period to calculate the weighted average fair value of each option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model:

 

 

 

Stock Option Plans

 

ESPP

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

Volatility

 

44

%

45

%

45

%

45

%

Expected life (in years)

 

5.3

 

5.0

 

1.3

 

1.3

 

Risk-free interest rate

 

3.3

%

4.3

%

4.3

%

4.9

%

Dividend yield

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average fair value

 

$

4.99

 

$

7.33

 

$

6.05

 

$

5.62

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stock Option Plans

 

ESPP

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

November 1,
 2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

Volatility

 

44

%

45

%

45

%

45

%

Expected life (in years)

 

5.2

 

5.0

 

1.3

 

1.3

 

Risk-free interest rate

 

3.3

%

4.4

%

4.3

%

4.9

%

Dividend yield

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average fair value

 

$

5.23

 

$

7.41

 

$

6.05

 

$

5.62

 

 

In developing estimates used in the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company established the expected term for employee options and awards, as well as expected forfeiture rates, based on the historical settlement experience and after giving consideration to vesting schedules.  Assumptions for option exercises and pre-vesting terminations of options were stratified by employee groups with sufficiently distinct behavior patterns.

 

Expected volatility under SFAS 123R was developed based on the average of the Company’s historical daily stock price volatility.  The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates appropriate for the expected terms of our stock options.

 

SFAS 123R also requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from initial estimates.

 

Note 11. Shareholders’ Equity

 

Stock plans

 

In April 1995, the Company adopted the 1995 Stock Option Plan (the “Option Plan”). The Option Plan, as amended, had 383,675,842 common shares reserved for issuance thereunder as of November 1, 2008.  Options granted under the Option Plan generally have a term of ten years and generally must be issued at prices not less than 100% and 85% for incentive and nonqualified stock options, respectively, of the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. Incentive stock options granted to shareholders who own greater than 10% of the outstanding stock are for periods not to exceed five years and must be issued at prices not less than

 

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110% of the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. The options generally vest 20% one year after the vesting commencement date, and the remaining shares vest one-sixtieth per month over the remaining 48 months. Options granted under the Option Plan prior to March 1, 2000 may be exercised prior to vesting and the exercised shares remain unvested until vested in accordance with the terms of the grant. The Company has the right to repurchase such shares at their original purchase price if the optionee is terminated from service prior to vesting. Such right expires as the options vest over a five-year period. Options granted under the Option Plan subsequent to March 1, 2000 may only be exercised upon or after vesting.

 

In August 1997, the Company adopted the 1997 Directors’ Stock Option Plan (the “Directors’ Plan”). Under the Directors’ Plan, an outside director was granted an option to purchase 30,000 common shares upon appointment to the Company’s Board of Directors. These options vested 20% one year after the vesting commencement date and remaining shares vest one-sixtieth per month over the remaining 48 months. An outside director was also granted an option to purchase 6,000 common shares on the date of each annual meeting of the shareholders. These options vested one-twelfth per month over 12 months after the fourth anniversary of the vesting commencement date. Options granted under the Directors’ Plan could be exercised prior to vesting. The Directors’ Plan was terminated in October 2007.

 

In October 2007, the Company adopted the 2007 Directors’ Stock Incentive Plan (the “2007 Directors’ Plan”). The 2007 Directors’ Plan had 750,000 common shares reserved for issuance thereunder as of November 1, 2008.  Under the 2007 Directors’ Plan, an outside director is granted an option to purchase 50,000 common shares upon appointment to the Company’s Board of Directors. These options vest 1/3rd on the one year anniversary of the date of grant and 1/3rd of the shares on each anniversary thereafter. An outside director who has served on the Board of Directors for the prior six months is also granted an option to purchase 12,000 common shares on the date of each annual meeting of the Company’s shareholders. These options vest 100% on the earlier of the date of the next annual general meeting of shareholders or the one year anniversary of the date of grant.

 

Under the Option Plan and the 2007 Directors’ Plan, the Company may also grant restricted stock awards, which may be subject to vesting, and stock unit awards, which are denominated in shares of stock, but may be settled in cash or tradable shares of the Company’s common shares upon vesting, as determined by the Company at the time of grant.

 

Employee stock purchase plan

 

In June 2000, the Company adopted the 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Purchase Plan”). The Purchase Plan, as amended, had 49,871,612 common shares reserved for issuance thereunder as of November 1, 2008.  Under the Purchase Plan, employees are granted the right to purchase common shares at a price per share that is 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the shares at (i) the participant’s entry date into the two-year offering period, or (ii) the end of each six-month purchase period within the offering period. Participants purchase stock using payroll deductions, which may not exceed 20% of their total cash compensation.  Effective on August 20, 2007, offering and purchase periods begin on December 8 and June 8 of each year.  Included in the Purchase Plan is a limitation on the number of shares that may be purchased in the event that the market price of the Company’s common shares decreases by more than 25% from one purchase date to the next.  In the event the share limitation is triggered, the number of shares an employee may purchase on the subsequent purchase date may not exceed 75% of the number the employee could have purchased at 85% of the market price on the earlier purchase date.

 

For the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008, the Company recognized $7.2 million and $25.2 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the activity under the Purchase Plan, respectively.  The Company did not issue any shares under the Purchase Plan in the three months ended November 1, 2008.  The Company issued 1,741,158 shares under the Purchase Plan in the nine months ended November 1, 2008 at a price of $12.95.  As of November 1, 2008, there was $14.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the Purchase Plan.

 

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Stock option activity under the Company’s stock option plans for the nine months ended November 1, 2008 is summarized below (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 

 

 

Options
Outstanding

 

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

 

 

Balance at February 2, 2008

 

109,158

 

$

14.64

 

Options granted

 

12,016

 

$

12.11

 

Options forfeited/canceled/expired

 

(6,799

)

$

19.24

 

Options exercised

 

(8,674

)

$

6.45

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at November 1, 2008

 

105,701

 

$

14.73

 

Vested or expected to vest at November 1, 2008

 

101,821

 

$

14.60

 

Exercisable at November 1, 2008

 

59,881

 

$

11.49

 

 

Included in the preceding table are options for 1,683,800 common shares granted to certain officers at exercise prices ranging between $14.01 and $24.80 that will become exercisable only upon the achievement of specified annual earnings per share targets through fiscal 2014.  For the three months ended November 1, 2008, the Company has estimated that specified annual earnings per share targets for common shares granted to certain officers may not be achieved by fiscal 2010 and fiscal 2011.  As a result, the Company reversed $6.7 million of stock-based compensation recorded from inception through November 1, 2008 for these common shares granted to certain officers.  The underlying stock options continue to be treated as outstanding until the performance period lapses.

 

The aggregate intrinsic value and weighted average remaining contractual term of options vested and expected to vest at November 1, 2008 was $44.0 million and 6.2 years, respectively.  The aggregate intrinsic value and weighted average remaining contractual term of options exercisable at November 1, 2008 was $44 million and 4.9 years, respectively.  The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated based on the Company’s closing stock price for all in-the-money options as of November 1, 2008.

 

The aggregate intrinsic value and weighted average remaining contractual term of restricted stock units vested and expected to vest as of November 1, 2008 was $22.1 million and 0.7 years, respectively.

 

Included in the table below is activity related to the nonvested restricted stock awards:

 

 

 

Nonvested
Restricted
Stock
Outstanding

 

Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

 

Balance at February 2, 2008

 

2,111

 

$

16.89

 

Granted

 

2,438

 

$

11.09

 

Vested

 

(877

)

$

17.44

 

Canceled/Forfeited

 

(289

)

$

13.37

 

Balance at November 1, 2008

 

3,383

 

$

13.12

 

 

The Company’s current practice is to issue new shares to satisfy share option exercises. As of November 1, 2008, compensation costs related to nonvested awards not yet recognized amounted to $281.4 million. The unamortized compensation expense for stock options and restricted stock will be amortized on a straight-line basis and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.2 years and 1.2 years, respectively.

 

The total tax benefit attributable to options exercised in the nine months ended November 1, 2008 was $0.4 million and the excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation of $0.4 million as reported on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows in financing activities.  Such excess tax benefits represent the reduction in income taxes otherwise payable during the period, attributable to the actual gross tax benefits in excess of the expected tax benefits for options exercised in current and prior periods.

 

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Stock award activity

 

The Company has issued restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards to its employees under the Option Plan.  Such awards generally vest over a period of one to five years from the date of grant. The restricted stock awards have the voting rights of common shares and the shares underlying the restricted stock are considered issued and outstanding.  The Company expenses the cost of the restricted stock awards, which is determined to be the fair market value of the shares at the date of grant, ratably over the period during which the restrictions lapse.  The grant of restricted stock awards is deducted from the shares available for grant under the Option Plan.

 

Based on the closing price of the Company’s stock of $6.96 as reported on the NASDAQ Stock Market on October 31, 2008, the total pretax intrinsic value of all outstanding restricted stock was $0.5 million.

 

Note 12. Income Taxes

 

For the three months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007, the Company’s effective tax rate was an income tax expense of 15.9% and an income tax benefit of 59.4%, respectively.  The income tax provision recorded for the three months ended November 1, 2008 was $13.4 million and the income tax benefit recorded for the three months ended October 27, 2007 was $9.4 million. The income tax provision for these periods was affected by non-tax-deductible expenses such as stock-based compensation expense, amortization of acquired intangibles and accrual of unrecognized tax benefits, interest and penalties associated with FIN 48.  In addition, the November 1, 2008 income tax expense was increased by a California budget trailer bill (A.B. 1452) signed into law on September 30, 2008, adjusting the income tax provision for prior interim reporting periods due to changes in the economic forecast, and truing-up the fiscal 2008 U.S. federal income tax return to the fiscal 2008 income tax provision.  The fiscal 2007 income tax benefit was affected by closure of a non-U.S. audit and the release of income tax reserves.

 

The Company’s total unrecognized tax benefits as of November 1, 2008 and February 2, 2008 were $112.8 million and $109.6 million, respectively.  During the three months ended November 1, 2008, there was a net $5.6 million decrease in cumulative foreign exchange related to foreign tax reserves partially offset by unrecognized tax benefits, penalties and interest. During the nine months ended November 1, 2008, there was a net $3.2 million increase in unrecognized tax benefits, penalties and interest partially offset by cumulative foreign exchange related to foreign tax reserves.  If recognized, all of the FIN 48 liabilities recorded to date will impact the effective tax rate.

 

In accordance with the Company’s accounting policy, the Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax provision. This policy did not change as a result of the adoption of FIN 48.  In previous periods, the Company had recorded unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses related to uncertain tax positions in its provision (benefit) for income taxes line item in the income statement.  In the third quarter of fiscal 2009, the Company began presenting this amount in interest and other income, net.  During the three months ended November 1, 2008, foreign exchange gains on uncertain tax positions were $11.5 million included in interest and other income, net.  As these amounts were in included in the provision (benefit) for income taxes in previous periods, in order to conform the comparative amounts to the current presentation, during the three months ended October 27, 2007, the Company reclassified $3.4 million of foreign exchange losses related to uncertain tax positions from provision (benefit) for income taxes to other income, net.  During the nine months ended November 1, 2008, the Company reclassified $12.7 million of foreign exchange gains and during the nine months ended October 27, 2007, the Company reclassified $5.8 million of foreign exchange losses related to uncertain tax positions from income tax expense to other income, net.

 

The Company conducts business globally and, as a result, one or more of its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions.  The Company is subject to examination by tax authorities throughout the world, including such major jurisdictions as Singapore, Japan, Taiwan, China, India, Germany, Israel, Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Canada, Malaysia and the United States.  The Company is subject to non-U.S. income tax examinations for years beginning with fiscal year 2002 and for U.S. income tax examinations beginning with fiscal year 2004.  During the three months ended November 1, 2008, non-U.S. subsidiaries and U.S. subsidiaries were notified by federal and state tax authorities that they would begin an income tax audit for fiscal years 2004 through 2007.  The audit field work by U.S. tax authorities of the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries is complete for the fiscal years 2004 through 2006; however, there is no closing agreement.  The U.S. tax authorities are reviewing employment taxes with regard to the re-measured stock options and have proposed audit assessments for calendar years 2003 through 2006.  During the three months ended November 1, 2008, the U.S. subsidiary filed a protest with regard to a portion of the assessment.  The Company believes that it has adequately provided for all issues related to these examinations, and the ultimate disposition of these matters is unlikely to have a material adverse affect the Company’s consolidated financial position.

 

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Note 13. Related Party Transactions

 

During fiscal 2008, the Company incurred $0.1 million in expenses from an unrelated third-party entity, ACM Aviation, Inc. (“ACM”), for charter aircraft services provided to MSI for Estopia Air LLC (“Estopia Air”). The aircraft provided by ACM to the Company for such services is owned by Estopia Air. The Company’s Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Sehat Sutardja, and the Company’s Vice President of Sales for Communications and Consumer Business, Weili Dai, through their control and ownership of Estopia Air, own the aircraft provided by ACM.  Dr. Sehat Sutardja and Weili Dai are husband and wife.  During the three months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007, the Company incurred none and $14,000, respectively, of expenses from ACM for charter aircraft services provided to MSI. During the nine months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007, the Company incurred none and approximately $0.1 million, respectively, of expenses from ACM, for charter aircraft services provided to the Company.

 

On August 19, 2005, the Company, through its subsidiaries MSI and Marvell International Ltd. (“Marvell International”), entered into a License and Manufacturing Services Agreement (the “License Agreement”) with C2 Microsystems, Inc. (“C2Micro”).  The License Agreement has substantially similar terms as other license and manufacturing services agreements of the Company with other third parties.  The Company recognized no revenue under the License Agreement with C2 Micro during the three months ended November 1, 2008, $0.2 million of revenue during the three months ended October 27, 2007, $2.6 million of revenue during the first nine months ended November 1, 2008 and $0.2 million of revenue during the nine months ended October 27, 2007.  As of November 1, 2008, the Company had a receivable of $1.4 million from C2Micro.  Dr. Sehat Sutardja and Weili Dai, through their ownership and control of Estopia LLC (“Estopia”), are indirect shareholders of C2Micro.  Kuo Wei (Herbert) Chang, a member of the Company’s board of directors, is a member of the board of directors of C2Micro and, through his ownership and control of C-Squared venture entities, is also an indirect shareholder of C2Micro.  Dr. Pantas Sutardja, the Company’s Vice President, Chief Technology Officer, and Chief Research and Development Officer, is also a shareholder of C2Micro.

 

On January 8, 2007, the Company, through Marvell International, entered into a Library/IP/Software Evaluation License Agreement (the “Evaluation License Agreement”) with VeriSilicon Holdings Co., Ltd. (“VeriSilicon”).  The Evaluation License Agreement has no consideration.  The Company also incurred $31,000 and $119,000 of royalty expense from VeriSilicon under a core license agreement assumed from its acquisition of the semiconductor design business of UTStarcom, Inc. during the three months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007, respectively.  The Company incurred $140,000 and $428,000 of royalty expense under the same license agreement during the nine months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007, respectively.  Weili Dai’s brother (and Dr. Sehat Sutardja’s brother-in-law) is the Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of VeriSilicon.  Ms. Dai is also a shareholder of VeriSilicon.

 

On September 28, 2007, the Company, through Marvell International, entered into a Master Technology Agreement (the “Technology Agreement”) with Sonics, Inc. (“Sonics”), pursuant to which the Company licensed technology from Sonics.  The Technology Agreement has substantially similar terms as other license agreements of the Company with other third parties.  The Company paid $2.1 million under the Technology Agreement for the license and related maintenance during fiscal 2008.  Kuo Wei (Herbert) Chang, member of the Company’s Board of Directors and Mike Sophie, former member of the Company’s Board of Directors, both serve as members of the board of directors of Sonics and each has a direct and/or indirect ownership interest in the equity of Sonics.  There was no expense incurred related to the Technology Agreement during the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007.

 

On October 31, 2007, the Company entered into a License Agreement with Vivante Corporation (“Vivante”).  This License Agreement has substantially similar terms as the Company would expect to obtain for license agreements with other third parties for similar technology.  The Company recorded none and $0.2 million of expense during the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008, respectively, in connection with this License Agreement with Vivante.  On August 5, 2008, the Company entered into a Technology License Agreement with Vivante.  This Technology License Agreement, as amended, also has substantially similar terms as the Company would expect to obtain for license agreements with other third parties for similar technology.  The Company recorded $2.0 million for the license fee and $0.2 million of maintenance during the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008, respectively, in connection with this Technology License Agreement.  Dr. Sehat Sutardja and Weili Dai, through their ownership and control of Estopia, are indirect shareholders of Vivante.  In addition, Dr. Sehat Sutardja is also a direct shareholder and Chairman of the board of directors of Vivante.  Weili Dai’s brother (and Dr. Sehat Sutardja’s brother-in-law) is the Chief Executive Officer of Vivante.  Kuo Wei (Herbert) Chang, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, through his ownership and control of C-Squared venture entities, is also an indirect shareholder of Vivante.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Note 14. Subsequent Event

 

On November 4, 2008, the Company made a full repayment of $191.9 million outstanding in the form of term loans under the credit agreement dated November 8, 2006, among the Company, the lenders party thereto, Credit Suisse, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent, LaSalle Bank National Association, as syndication agent, and Keybank National Association and Commerzbank AG, as co-documentation agents.  The Company will write-off $2.0 million of remaining unamortized debt issuance costs to interest expense in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009.

 

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements include, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause our actual results to differ materially from those implied by the forward-looking statements. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “can,” and similar expressions identify such forward-looking statements. These are statements that relate to future periods and include statements relating to our anticipation  that the rate of new orders and shipments will vary significantly from quarter to quarter; industry trends; our anticipation that the total amount of sales through distributors will increase in future periods; our expectation that a significant percentage of our sales will continue to come from direct sales to key customers; our expectations regarding the number of days in inventory, inventory levels and levels of accounts receivable; our expectations regarding competition; our intention to reduce product costs to offset decreases in average selling prices; our continued efforts relating to the protection of our intellectual property; our expectations regarding the amount of customer concentration in the future; our expectations regarding the amount of our future sales in Asia; our intention to continue to invest significant resources for research and development; our expectation regarding the effect of auction rate securities on our working capital needs or other requirements; our expected results, cash flows, and expenses, including those related to research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative; our intention to complete acquired in-process research and development projects; our intention to make acquisitions, investments, strategic alliances and joint ventures; our expectations regarding revenue, revenue in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009;  sources of revenue and make-up of revenue; our expectations regarding the impact of legal proceedings and claims; our expectations regarding the reduction of our unrecognized tax benefit during the next 12 months; our expectations regarding the adequacy of our capital resources to meet our capital needs for the next 12 months; our plan to attract and retain highly skilled personnel; our expectations regarding the growth in business and operations; our expectations regarding our compliance with periodic reporting requirements; our expectations regarding the impact of the restatement of our financial statements in connection with the internal review of our historic stock option granting practices; our plans regarding remediation of 2008 material weakness and expectations regarding the effectiveness of those remediation efforts; our plan regarding forward exchange contracts; and the effect of recent accounting pronouncements and changes in taxation rules; and our plan of sourcing certain legacy application processor cellular and handset inventory from Intel. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those predicted, include but are not limited to, the impact of the recent worldwide financial crisis; the international conflict and continued economic volatility in either domestic or foreign markets; the outcome and impact of the litigation related to our historic stock option granting practices; our dependence upon the hard disk drive industry which is highly cyclical; our ability to scale our operations in response to changes in demand for existing or new products and services; our maintenance of an effective system of internal controls; our dependence on a small number of customers; our ability to develop new and enhanced products; our success in integrating businesses we acquire and the impact such acquisitions may have on our operating results; our ability to estimate customer demand accurately; the success of our strategic relationships with customers; our reliance on independent foundries and subcontractors for the manufacture, assembly and testing of our products; our ability to manage future growth; the development and evolution of markets for our integrated circuits; our ability to protect our intellectual property; the impact of any change in our application of the United States federal income tax laws and the loss of any beneficial tax treatment that we currently enjoy; the impact of changes in international financial and regulatory conditions; the impact of changes in management; the risk that other remediation efforts will be insufficient to address our material weakness in internal controls and the outcome of pending or future litigation and legal proceedings. Additional factors which could cause actual results to differ materially include those set forth in the following discussion, as well as the risks discussed in Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” and other sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof. Unless required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

 

Overview

 

We are a leading global semiconductor provider of high-performance analog, mixed-signal, digital signal processing and embedded microprocessor integrated circuits. Our diverse product portfolio includes switching, transceiver, wireless, PC connectivity, gateways, communications controller, and storage and power management solutions that serve diverse applications used in business enterprises, consumer electronics and emerging markets. We are a fabless integrated circuit company, which means that we rely on independent, third-party contractors to perform manufacturing, assembly and test functions. This approach allows us to focus on designing, developing and marketing our products and significantly reduces the amount of capital we need to invest in manufacturing

 

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Table of Contents

 

products. In February 2006, we acquired the semiconductor design business of UTStarcom, Inc. for $40.8 million, including $16.0 million subsequently recognized when milestones were achieved.  This business designs and supplies chipsets for personal phone applications.  In May 2006, we acquired the printer semiconductor business of Avago Technologies Limited for $288.0 million, including earnout payments of $35.0 million subsequently recognized during fiscal 2007 and fiscal 2008 based on the achievement of certain levels of revenue.  The printer semiconductor business of Avago designs and develops System-on-Chip (“SoC”) and system level solutions for both inkjet and laser jet printer systems.  In November 2006, we completed the acquisition of the communications and applications processor business of Intel Corporation for approximately $605.6 million.  The communications and applications processor business of Intel designs and develops cellular baseband processors for multi-mode, multi-band wireless handheld devices such as cellular handsets, PDAs and smartphones.  In addition, we have also completed several smaller acquisitions over the last three fiscal years.

 

We offer our customers a wide range of high-performance analog, mixed-signal, digital signal processing and embedded microprocessor integrated circuits. Our products can be utilized in a wide array of enterprise applications including hard disk drives, high-speed networking equipment, PCs, wireless local area network solutions for small office/home office and residential gateway solutions, and consumer applications such as cell phones, printers, digital cameras, MP3 devices, speakers, game consoles and PDAs.

 

Our sales have historically been made on the basis of purchase orders rather than long-term agreements. In addition, the sales cycle for our products is long, which may cause us to experience a delay between the time we incur expenses and the time revenue is generated from these expenditures. We anticipate that the rate of new orders may vary significantly from quarter to quarter. Consequently, if anticipated sales and shipments in any quarter do not occur when expected, expenses and inventory levels could be disproportionately high, and our operating results for that quarter and future quarters may be adversely affected.

 

Our fiscal year is the 52- or 53-week period ending on the Saturday closest to January 31. In a 52-week year, each fiscal quarter consists of 13 weeks. The additional week in a 53-week year is added to the fourth quarter, making such quarter consist of 14 weeks. Fiscal 2009 is comprised of a 52-week period and fiscal 2008 was comprised of a 53-week period. In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we refer to the fiscal year ended January 27, 2007 as fiscal 2007, the fiscal year ended February 2, 2008 as fiscal 2008, and the fiscal year ending January 31, 2009 as fiscal 2009.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates, and such differences could affect the results of operations reported in future periods. For a description of our critical accounting policies and estimates, please refer to the “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section of our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended February 2, 2008. There have been no material changes in any of our accounting policies during fiscal 2009.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Results of Operations

 

The following table sets forth information derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations expressed as a percentage of net revenue:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net revenue

 

100.0

%

100.0

%

100.0

%

100.0

%

Operating costs and expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of goods sold

 

47.9

 

52.3

 

48.2

 

51.7

 

Research and development and other

 

29.6

 

33.2

 

29.6

 

35.2

 

Selling and marketing

 

5.2

 

6.1

 

5.3

 

7.3

 

General and administrative

 

3.6

 

4.3

 

3.0

 

4.4

 

Amortization of acquired intangible assets

 

4.4

 

4.9

 

4.3

 

5.5

 

Total operating costs and expenses

 

90.7

 

100.8

 

90.4

 

104.1

 

Operating income (loss)

 

9.3

 

(0.8

)

9.6

 

(4.1

)

Interest and other income, net

 

1.9

 

0.1

 

0.9

 

0.2

 

Interest expense

 

(0.5

)

(1.4

)

(0.7

)

(1.5

)

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

10.7

 

(2.0

)

9.8

 

(5.4

)

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 

1.7

 

(1.2

)

1.1

 

0.2

 

Net income (loss)

 

9.0

%

(0.8

)%

8.7

%

(5.6

)%

 

Three and Nine Months Ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007

 

Net Revenue

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

%
Change

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

%
Change

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net revenue

 

$

791,046

 

$

758,246

 

4.3

%

$

2,437,696

 

$

2,050,007

 

18.9

%

 

Net revenue consists primarily of product revenue from sales of our semiconductor devices, and to a much lesser extent, development revenue derived from development contracts with our customers. Net revenue is gross revenue, net of accruals for estimated sales returns, allowances and rebates. The increase in net revenue for the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008 compared to the net revenue for the three and nine months ended October 27, 2007 reflects an increase in volume shipments of our storage SoCs and wireless products.  The increase in net revenue was due to increased demand from our primary hard disk drive customers and the overall hard disk drive industry demand for notebook PC two and a half inch drives and consumer products markets along with increased demand for our wireless products in consumer applications.  Offsetting the increases were decreases in demand for our cellular and handheld products and printer semiconductor solution products.  Net revenue derived from development contracts increased in absolute dollars during the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008 compared to the three and nine months ended October 27, 2007, but represented less than 10% of net revenue for each period.  We expect that revenue in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009 will decline significantly from the level of revenue that we reported in the third quarter of fiscal 2009 due to the continued impact of poor economic conditions worldwide.

 

Historically, a relatively small number of customers have accounted for a significant portion of our revenue.  For the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008, one customer represented more than 10% of our net revenue, with a total of 21% of our net revenue.  For the three months ended October 27, 2007, two customers each represented more than 10% of our net revenue, for a combined total of 27% of our net revenue.  For the nine months ended October 27, 2007, two customers accounted for more than 10% of our net revenue, for a combined total of 26% of our net revenue.  No distributors accounted for more than 10% of our net revenue in the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007, respectively.

 

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Because we sell our products to many OEM manufacturers who have manufacturing operations located in Asia, a significant percentage of our sales are made to customers located outside of the United States.  Sales to customers located in Asia represented 88% and 84% of our net revenue for the three months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007, respectively, and represented 86% and 83% of our net revenue for the nine months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007, respectively.  The rest of our sales are to customers located in the United States and other geographic regions.  We expect that a significant portion of our revenue will continue to be represented by sales to our customers in Asia.  Substantially all of our sales to date have been denominated in U.S. dollars.

 

Cost of Goods Sold

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

%
Change

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

%
Change

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of goods sold

 

$

379,137

 

$

396,209

 

4.3

%

$

1,173,892

 

$

1,059,156

 

10.8

%

% of net revenue

 

47.9

%

52.3

%

 

 

48.2

%

51.7

%

 

 

 

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of the costs of manufacturing, assembly and test of integrated circuit devices and related overhead costs, product warranty costs, royalties and compensation and associated costs relating to manufacturing support, logistics and quality assurance personnel, including stock-based compensation, excess and obsolescence provisions and purchase accounting adjustments.  Cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue for the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008 compared to the three and nine months ended October 27, 2007 decreased primarily due to reduced costs for cellular and handset products resulting from the transition of manufacturing to our fabrication partners.  In addition, cost of goods sold improved as we experienced lower material and manufacturing costs due to volume efficiencies and yield improvements.  Partially offsetting the improvements for the three months ended November 1, 2008 was an increase in excess and obsolescence provisions due to the mix and quantities on hand compared to forecasted demand.  Cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue for the nine months ended November 1, 2008 decreased primarily due to the mix of products with higher standard gross margins, which included increased revenue of our storage SoC products.  Our cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue may fluctuate in future periods due to, among other things, changes in the mix of products sold, the timing of production ramps of new products, increased pricing pressures from our customers and competitors, particularly in the consumer product markets that we are targeting, charges for obsolete or potentially excess inventory, changes in the costs charged by our manufacturing and test subcontractors, the introduction of new products with lower margins, product warranty costs and changes in the amount of development revenue recognized.

 

Research and Development

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27, 
2007

 

%
Change

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

%
Change

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research and development

 

$

234,222

 

$

252,205

 

(7.1

)%

$

722,411

 

$

722,532

 

0.0

%

% of net revenue

 

29.6

%

33.2

%

 

 

29.6

%

35.2

%

 

 

 

Research and development expense consists primarily of compensation and associated costs relating to development personnel, including stock-based compensation, mask prototype costs, contracted development work costs, depreciation and amortization expense, patent investigation and filings fees and allocated occupancy costs for these operations.

 

The decrease in research and development expense for the three months ended November 1, 2008 compared to the three months ended October 27, 2007 of $18.0 million was primarily due to a decrease in stock-based compensation of $9.4 million as recent awards have a lower valuation due to the depressed stock price along with the reversal of expenses related to performance related grants due to the unlikely nature of the achievement of the specified performance targets due to poor economic conditions.  In addition, non-recurring engineering (“NRE”) and development wafer costs decreased by $8.7 million partially offset by lower photomask spending.  Patent investigation and filing fees declined by $2.1 million and other research and development costs declined by $4.7 million primarily due to focus on cost controls in the quarter.  Partially offsetting the decreases in research and development expenses was an increase in depreciation and amortization expense of $2.5 million arising from purchases of property, equipment and technology licenses, and an increase in salary and related costs of $1.5 million due to selective headcount additions.  We expect that research and development expense in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009 will moderately decline from the level of expense reported in the third quarter of fiscal 2009 due to the continued focus on cost controls.

 

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Overall research and development expense for the nine months ended November 1, 2008 compared to the nine months ended October 27, 2007 were consistent and the components followed similar trends to those discussed above in the quarter over quarter comparison as stock-based compensation decreased by $13.1 million.  In addition, NRE and development wafer and other pre-production costs declined by $18.4 million partially offset by lower photomask spending while outside services and various other discretionary spending declined significantly.  Partially offsetting the decreases described above was higher salary and related costs of $19.1 million due to the increases in headcount to support key areas.  Additionally, we incurred increased costs for depreciation and amortization expense of $7.9 million arising from purchases of property, equipment and technology licenses and an increase in facilities costs of $5.8 million related to our expanding operations.

 

Selling and Marketing

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

%
Change

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

%
Change

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Selling and marketing

 

$

41,158

 

$

46,423

 

(11.3

)%

$

129,080

 

$

150,757

 

(14.4

)%

% of net revenue

 

5.2

%

6.1

%

 

 

5.3

%

7.3

%

 

 

 

Selling and marketing expense consists primarily of compensation and associated costs relating to sales and marketing personnel, including stock-based compensation, sales commissions, promotional and other marketing expenses, and allocated occupancy costs for these operations.  The decrease in selling and marketing expense in absolute dollars for the three months ended November 1, 2008 compared to the three months ended October 27, 2007 of $5.3 million was primarily due to lower salary and related expenses of $1.7 million due to lower overall headcount of sales and marketing personnel.  Additionally, various other selling and marketing costs declined including customer samples and discretionary spending. We expect that selling and marketing expense in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009 will moderately decline from the level of expense reported in the third quarter of fiscal 2009 due to the continued focus on cost controls.

 

The decrease in selling and marketing expense in absolute dollars for the nine months ended November 1, 2008 compared to the nine months ended October 27, 2007 of $21.7 million was primarily due to lower overall headcount of selling and marketing personnel that resulted in a decrease in salary and related costs of $6.4 million.  Additionally, stock-based compensation expense decreased by $4.7 million, primarily due to lower valuation of recent grants and various discretionary spending declined significantly as we focused on controlling discretionary spending along with lower costs related to customer samples and evaluation units.  Offsetting these declines, sales representation costs increased in connection with higher revenues.

 

General and Administrative

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

%
Change

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

%
Change

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

General and administrative

 

$

28,869

 

$

32,537

 

(11.3

)%

$

72,809

 

$

90,300

 

(19.4

)%

% of net revenue

 

3.6

%

4.3

%

 

 

3.0

%

4.4

%

 

 

 

General and administrative expense consists primarily of compensation and associated costs relating to general and administrative personnel, including stock-based compensation, fees for professional services and allocated occupancy costs for these operations.  The decrease in general and administrative expense for the three months ended November 1, 2008 compared to the three months ended October 27, 2007 of $3.7 million was the result of a $2.0 million decrease in legal and professional fees due to completion of the internal review by a special committee of our Board of Directors related to our historic stock option granting practices and related accounting matters that was completed during the three months ended October 27, 2007.  Additionally, stock-based compensation expense decreased $3.8 million primarily due to the reversal of expenses related to performance related grants due to the unlikely nature of the achievement of the specified performance targets due to poor economic conditions.  Partially offsetting the decrease in general and administrative expense was a $3.1 million increase in salary and related costs due to the net hiring of additional administrative personnel.  We expect that general and administrative expense in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009 will moderately decline from the level of expense reported in the third quarter of fiscal 2009.

 

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Table of Contents

 

The decrease in general administrative expense for the nine months ended November 1, 2008 compared to the nine months ended October 27, 2007 of $17.5 million was primarily due to a decrease in legal and professional fees of $22.2 million as a result of $24.5 million of insurance recoveries for shareholder derivative, class action and related lawsuits partially offset by a $10.0 million settlement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) investigation regarding our historic stock option granting practices and related accounting matters.  Additionally, stock-based compensation expense decreased $8.4 million primarily due to the cancellation of grants to a former and a current executive of the Company in the second quarter of fiscal 2008 that was not accompanied by concurrent replacement grants or other valuable consideration.  Partially offsetting the decrease in general and administrative expense was an increase in salary and related costs of $8.1 million due to the net hiring of additional administrative personnel and a $5.1 million gain from the sale of an asset under construction recorded during the nine months ended October 27, 2007.

 

Amortization of Acquired Intangible Assets

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

%
Change

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

%
Change

 

Amortization of acquired intangible assets

 

$

34,814

 

$

37,311

 

(6.7

)%

$

105,049

 

$

111,924

 

(6.1

)%

% of net revenue

 

4.4

%

4.9

%

 

 

4.3

%

5.5

%

 

 

 

In fiscal 2007 and 2008, we made seven acquisitions in which we acquired intangible assets that are being amortized over their estimated economic lives of one to eight years.  The decrease in amortization of acquired intangible assets for the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008 compared to the three and nine months ended October 27, 2007 was due to amortization of intangible assets from certain acquisitions being fully amortized.

 

Interest and Other Income, Net

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

%
Change

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

%
Change

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest and other income, net

 

$

15,109

 

$

1,109

 

1,261.2

%

$

21,973

 

$

3,127

 

602.7

%

% of net revenue

 

1.9

%

0.1

%

 

 

0.9

%

0.2

%

 

 

 

Interest and other income, net, consists primarily of interest earned on cash, cash equivalents and short-term investment balances and other realized and unrealized gains and losses.  The increase in interest and other income for the three months ended November 1, 2008 compared to the three months ended October 27, 2007 was primarily due to cumulative foreign exchange gains related to foreign tax reserves as a result of the strengthening of the U.S. dollar of $11.5 million for the three months ended November 1, 2008 and cumulative foreign exchange losses of $3.4 million in the three months ended October 27, 2007.  The results for each of the periods reflect the effect of the reclassification of foreign exchange gains and losses related to uncertain tax positions from provision (benefit) for income taxes to interest and other income, net.

 

The increase in interest and other income, net, for the nine months ended November 1, 2008 compared to the nine months ended October 27, 2007 was due primarily to cumulative foreign exchange gains of $12.7 million related to foreign tax reserves for the nine months ended November 1, 2008, cumulative foreign exchange losses of $5.8 million for the nine months ended October 27, 2007 and to a $4.9 million write-off of an equity investment in a private company recorded for the nine months ended October 27, 2007.  Partially offsetting the increases discussed above was a decrease in interest income due to a decrease in market interest rates.

 

Interest Expense

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

%
Change

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

%
Change

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest expense

 

$

3,566

 

$

10,518

 

(66.1

)%

$

15,876

 

$

30,435

 

(47.8

)%

% of net revenue

 

0.5

%

1.4

%

 

 

0.7

%

1.5

%

 

 

 

Interest expense consists primarily of interest paid on a term loan and capital lease obligations. The decrease in interest expense for the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008 compared to the three and nine months ended October 27, 2007 was primarily due to repayment of principal on the outstanding debt and lower interest rates, lower interest expense from a supply agreement with Intel and lower capital lease interest expense.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

 

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

%
Change

 

November 1,
2008

 

October 27,
2007

 

%
Change

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 

$

13,443

 

$

(9,412

)

242.8

%

$

28,300

 

$

3,750

 

654.7

%

% of pre-tax income (loss)

 

15.9

%

59.4

%

 

 

11.8

%

(3.3

)%

 

 

 

For the three months ended November 1, 2008, we recorded an income tax provision of $13.4 million as compared to an income tax benefit of $9.4 million  for  the comparable period of the prior year  For the nine months ended November 1, 2008, we recorded an income tax provision of $28.3 million as compared to a provision of $3.8 million for the comparable period of the prior year.  The effective tax rates (benefits) are influenced by non-tax-deductible expenses, such as stock-based compensation expense, amortization of acquired intangibles, and accounting for uncertain tax benefits under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Tax Positions” (“FIN 48”). For the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008, the effective tax rate was increased by California budget trailer bill (A.B. 1452) signed into law on September 30, 2008, adjusting the income tax provision for prior interim reporting periods due to changes in the economic forecast, and truing-up the fiscal 2008 U.S. federal income tax return to the fiscal 2008 income tax provision.  In fiscal 2008, there was a income tax provision for the nine month period ended October 27, 2007 due to the fact that a smaller proportion of profit was earned in low or zero tax jurisdictions, but for the three months ended October 27, 2007, there was a release of FIN 48 reserves after the closure of the non U.S. income tax audit.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Our principal source of liquidity as of November 1, 2008 consisted of $1,044.5 million of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments of which $24.5 million is restricted for use in a legal settlement.  Since our inception, we have financed our operations through a combination of sales of equity securities, debt financing and cash generated by operations.

 

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

 

Net cash provided by operating activities was $571.5 million for the nine months ended November 1, 2008 compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $13.9 million for the nine months ended October 27, 2007.  The cash inflow from operations in the nine months ended November 1, 2008 was primarily due to net income of $212.3 million and significant improvements in working capital.  Non-cash charges for the nine months ended November 1, 2008 included $85.8 million of depreciation and amortization expense, $132.4 million of stock-based compensation expense and $105.0 million related to amortization of acquired intangible assets.  A significant working capital change contributing to positive cash flow in the nine months ended November 1, 2008 was the decrease in inventories of $95.9 million primarily due to the completion of contractual obligations under the original supply agreement with Intel in connection with our acquisition of their communications and applications processor business as well as concentrated efforts to reduce inventory levels.  The number of days in inventory decreased to 82 days as of November 1, 2008 compared to 87 days as of October 27, 2007.  Also contributing to the increase in cash flows was a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets of $61.8 million primarily due to the utilization of prepaid foundry capacity and prepaid wafers.  In addition, accrued employee compensation increased $17.7 million due primarily to an increase in accrued vacation, accrued salaries due to timing of the payroll cycle and to accrued bonuses.

 

Significant working capital changes offsetting positive cash flows for the nine months ended November 1, 2008 included an increase in accounts receivable of $65.8 million due primarily to the timing of revenue recorded toward the end of the quarter as well as timing of payments received from customers.  Days sales outstanding (“DSO”) remained flat at 46 days as of November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007.  Many of our larger customers have regularly scheduled payment dates that fall immediately before or after our fiscal quarter-end. As a result, our accounts receivable balance and DSO may fluctuate depending on the timing of large payments made by our customers.  Also contributing to the use of cash in operating activities was a decrease in accrued liabilities and other of $23.7 million.  The decrease in accrued liabilities and other was attributable to the payment of accrued contingent consideration as certain milestones were met related to various acquisitions.  Restricted cash increased $24.5 million due to proceeds from settlement with our directors’ and officers’ insurance carriers requiring the proceeds to be used towards the consolidated derivative actions settlement and any future class action securities litigation settlement.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Significant working capital changes contributing to the use of cash in operating activities for the nine months ended October 27, 2007 included an increase in inventories of $158.8 million from inventory purchase commitments and build up of inventory to support increased revenue levels.  Also contributing to the use of cash in operating activities was an increase in accounts receivable of $56.9 million due primarily to the timing of payments received from our customers.  Additionally, cash used in operating activities decreased as accounts payable declined by $31.1 million primarily as a result of the timing of payments.

 

Significant working capital changes contributing to positive cash flows for the nine months ended October 27, 2007 included a decrease in prepaid expense and other assets of $99.5 million due primarily to the utilization of prepaid foundry capacity and prepaid wafers.

 

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

 

Net cash used in investing activities was $43.0 million for the nine months ended November 1, 2008 compared to $149.6 million for the nine months ended October 27, 2007.  The net cash used in investing activities in the nine month ended November 1, 2008 was due to purchases of property and equipment of $59.3 million and purchases of investments of $10.2 million, partially offset by sales and maturities of investments of $29.2 million.  The net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended October 27, 2007 was due to purchases of short-term investments of $166.2 million, purchases of property and equipment of $81.1 million, purchases of technology licenses of $19.5 million and $8.3 million paid in acquisitions, partially offset by sales and maturities of short-term investments of $120.5 million.

 

Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities

 

Net cash used in financing activities was $124.2 million for the nine months ended November 1, 2008 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $23.0 million for the nine months ended October 27, 2007.  For the nine months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007, net cash used in financing activities was attributable to principal payments on debt obligations and capital leases partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of common shares under our stock option plans.

 

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

 

In connection with the acquisition of the communications and applications processor business of Intel, we entered into a product supply agreement with Intel.  Although we have met the contractual obligations under the original supply agreement and have transitioned certain products to our fabrication partners, we anticipate that we will continue to source certain legacy application processor cellular and handset inventory from Intel.  Under terms of an amendment to the supply agreement, we have committed to purchase an additional minimum number of wafers through December 2008.  The amendment had no impact on the accounting for the original acquisition.  As of November 1, 2008, we had non-cancellable purchase orders outstanding of $11.4 million under the amended arrangement.

 

Under our manufacturing relationships with our other foundries, cancellation of outstanding purchase orders is allowed but requires repayment of all expenses incurred through the date of cancellation. As of November 1, 2008, these foundries had incurred approximately $123.4 million of manufacturing expenses on our outstanding purchase orders.

 

On February 28, 2005 and as amended on March 31, 2005, we entered into an agreement with a foundry to reserve and secure foundry fabrication capacity for a fixed number of wafers at agreed upon prices for a period of five and a half years beginning on October 1, 2005.  In return, we agreed to pay the foundry $174.2 million over a period of 18 months. The amendment extends the term of the agreement and the agreed upon pricing terms until December 31, 2015.  As of November 1, 2008, payments totaling $174.2 million, which is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other non-current assets, had been made and approximately $146.2 million of the prepayment had been utilized as of November 1, 2008.  At November 1, 2008, there were no outstanding commitments under the agreement.

 

As of November 1, 2008, we had approximately $58.1 million of other outstanding non-cancelable purchase orders for capital purchase obligations.

 

As a result of a facility consolidation in February 2002, we obtained a sublease on one of our facilities that had a non-cancelable lease.  Actual sublease income has approximated estimated sublease income, but was less than our actual lease commitment, resulting in future negative cash flow over the remaining term of the sublease.  As of November 1, 2008, cash payments of $11.8 million, net of sublease income, have been made in connection with this sublease. Approximately $1.3 million remains accrued for this facility’s consolidation charge as of November 1, 2008 of which $0.6 million is current and $0.7 million is long-term, payable through 2010.

 

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Table of Contents

 

We currently intend to fund our short and long-term capital requirements, as well as our liquidity needs, with existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investment balances as well as cash generated by operations. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investment balances will be sufficient to meet our working capital needs, capital requirements, investment requirements and commitments for at least the next 12 months. However, our capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our rate of sales growth, market acceptance of our products, costs of securing access to adequate manufacturing capacity, the timing and extent of research and development projects, costs of making improvements to facilities and increases in operating expenses, which are all subject to uncertainty. To the extent that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investment balances and cash generated by operations are insufficient to fund our future activities, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private debt or equity financing. We may enter into additional acquisitions or other strategic arrangements in the future, which could also require us to seek additional debt or equity financing. Additional equity financing or convertible debt financing may be dilutive to our current shareholders. Additional funds may not be available on terms favorable to us or at all.

 

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of November 1, 2008 and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods (in thousands):

 

 

 

Payments Due by Period

 

 

 

2009

 

2010

 

2011

 

2012

 

2013

 

There-
after

 

Total

 

 

 

(remaining
three months)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contractual obligations:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating leases

 

$

15,569

 

$

38,386

 

$

27,579

 

$

16,699

 

$

9,960

 

$

10,441

 

$

118,634

 

Capital lease obligations

 

521

 

2,085

 

2,084

 

521

 

 

 

5,211

 

Purchase commitments to foundries

 

134,807

 

 

 

 

 

 

134,807

 

Capital purchase obligations

 

58,124

 

 

 

 

 

 

58,124

 

Long-term debt obligations

 

1,063

 

190,750

 

 

 

 

 

191,813

 

Total contractual cash obligations

 

$

210,084

 

$

231,221

 

$

29,663

 

$

17,220

 

$

9,960

 

$

10,441

 

$

508,589

 

 

Included in operating lease commitments are lease payments for computer aided design software license agreements and airplane lease commitments.

 

Our total unrecognized tax benefits under FIN 48 as of November 1, 2008 and February 2, 2008 were $112.8 million and $109.6 million, respectively.  During the three months ended November 1, 2008, there was a net $5.6 million decrease in cumulative foreign exchange related to foreign tax reserves partially offset by unrecognized tax benefits, penalties and interest. During the nine months ended November 1, 2008, there was a net $3.2 million increase in unrecognized tax benefits, penalties and interest partially offset by cumulative foreign exchange related to foreign tax reserves as discussed above in Note 12 — Income Taxes of the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. During the next 12 months, we believe that audit resolutions and the expiration of statute of limitations could potentially reduce our unrecognized tax benefit by up to $34.8 million.  However, this amount can change because we continue to have ongoing negotiations with various tax authorities throughout the year.  At this time, we are unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate of the amount of payments in individual years beyond 12 months due to uncertainties in the timing of tax audit outcomes.

 

In November 2006, we borrowed $400.0 million from a group of lenders in the form of term loans to partially finance the acquisition of the communications and applications processor business of Intel.  The credit agreement contains customer covenants including financial covenants with which we were in compliance as of November 1, 2008.  Until repayment, we were required to pay interest and principal amounts equal to 0.25% of the aggregate principal amount of loans on a quarterly basis on the last business day of each March, June, September and December.  During the three months ended November 1, 2008, we paid an additional principal amount of $100.0 million.  On November 4, 2008, we made a full repayment of $191.9 million outstanding in the form of term loans under the credit agreement dated November 8, 2006, among us, the lenders party thereto, Credit Suisse, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent, LaSalle Bank National Association, as syndication agent, and Keybank National Association and Commerzbank AG, as co-documentation agents.  The loan was repayable in November 2009.  No early termination penalties were incurred in connection with the repayment.  We will write-off $2.0 million of remaining unamortized debt issuance costs to interest expense in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Prospective capital needs: We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, together with cash generated from operations and from exercise of employee stock options will be sufficient to cover our working capital needs, capital expenditures, investment requirements and commitments for at least the next 12 months.  However, we are named as defendants to several litigation actions and an unfavorable outcome in such actions could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, including potential impacts to certain covenants under our existing credit agreement.  In the event that we may need or desire to raise additional funds consummate acquisitions of other businesses, assets, products or technologies, we could raise such funds by electing to sell equity or debt securities to the public or to selected investors, or by borrowing money from financial institutions.

 

If we elect to raise additional funds, we may not be able to obtain such funds on a timely basis or on acceptable terms, if at all. If we raise additional funds by issuing additional equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership percentages of existing shareholders would be reduced. In addition, the equity or debt securities that we issue may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to our common shares.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

As of November 1, 2008, we did not have any material off-balance-sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141R”).  The standard changes the accounting for business combinations including the measurement of acquirer shares issued in consideration for a business combination, the recognition of contingent consideration, the accounting for pre-acquisition gain and loss contingencies, the recognition of capitalized in-process research and development, the accounting for acquisition-related restructuring cost accruals, the treatment of acquisition related transaction costs and the recognition of changes in the acquirer’s income tax valuation allowance.  The adoption of SFAS 141R will change our accounting treatment for business combinations on a prospective basis beginning on or after December 15, 2008.

 

In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. FAS 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157,” (“FSP 157-2”), to partially defer SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”).  FSP 157-2 defers the effective date of SFAS 157 for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually), to fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after November 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of FSP 157-2 and do not anticipate that FSP 157-2 will have a material impact on our financial position and results of operations.

 

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (“SFAS 161”). SFAS 161 amends and expands the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early application encouraged.  We will adopt SFAS 161 in the first quarter of fiscal 2010 and do not anticipate that SFAS 161 will have a significant impact on our financial position and results of operations.

 

In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 142-3, “Determination of Useful Life of Intangible Assets” (“FSP FAS 142-3”). FSP FAS 142-3 amends the factors that should be considered in developing the renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” FSP FAS 142-3 also requires expanded disclosure related to the determination of intangible asset useful lives. FSP FAS 142-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. Earlier adoption is not permitted. We do not anticipate that FSP FAS 142-3 will have a significant impact on our financial position and results of operations.

 

In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles” (“SFAS 162”). SFAS 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. SFAS 162 will become effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.”  We do not anticipate the adoption of SFAS 162 will have a significant impact on its financial position and results of operations.

 

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Table of Contents

 

In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-3, “Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active” (“FSP 157-3”). FSP 157-3 clarified the application of FAS 157. FSP 157-3 demonstrated how the fair value of a financial asset is determined when the market for that financial asset is inactive. FSP 157-3 was effective upon issuance, including prior periods for which financial statements had not been issued. The implementation of this standard did not have an impact on our financial position and results of operations.

 

Related Party Transactions

 

During fiscal 2008, we incurred $0.1 million of expenses from an unrelated third-party entity, ACM Aviation, Inc. (“ACM”) for charter aircraft services provided to Marvell Semiconductor, Inc. (“MSI”) for Estopia Air LLC (“Estopia Air”). The aircraft provided by ACM to us for such services is owned by Estopia Air. Our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Sehat Sutardja and Vice President of Sales for Communications and Consumer Business, Weili Dai, through their control and ownership in Estopia Air, own the aircraft provided by ACM. Dr. Sehat Sutardja and Weili Dai are husband and wife.  During the three months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007, we incurred none and $14,000, respectively, of expenses from ACM, for charter aircraft services provided to MSI.  During the nine months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007, we incurred none and approximately $0.1 million, respectively, of expenses from ACM, for charter aircraft services provided to us.

 

On August 19, 2005, through our subsidiaries MSI and Marvell International Ltd. (“Marvell International”), we entered into a License and Manufacturing Services Agreement (the “License Agreement”) with C2 Microsystems, Inc. (“C2Micro”).  The License Agreement has substantially similar terms as our other license and manufacturing services agreements with other third parties.  We recognized no revenue under the License Agreement with C2Micro during the three months ended November 1, 2008, $0.2 million of revenue during the three months ended October 27, 2007, $2.6 million of revenue during the nine months ended November 1, 2008 and $0.2 million of revenue during the nine months ended October 27, 2007.  As of November 1, 2008, we had a receivable of $1.4 million from C2Micro.  Dr. Sehat Sutardja and Weili Dai, through their ownership and control of Estopia LLC (“Estopia”), are indirect shareholders of C2Micro.  Kuo Wei (Herbert) Chang, a member of our Board of Directors, is a member of the board of directors of C2Micro and, through his ownership and control of C-Squared venture entities, is also an indirect shareholder of C2Micro.  Dr. Pantas Sutardja, our Vice President, Chief Technology Officer and Chief Research and Development Officer, is also a shareholder of C2Micro.

 

On January 8, 2007, through Marvell International, we entered into a Library/IP/Software Evaluation License Agreement (the “Evaluation License Agreement”) with VeriSilicon Holdings Co., Ltd. (“VeriSilicon”). The Evaluation License Agreement has no consideration. We incurred $31,000 and $119,000 of royalty expense from VeriSilicon under the same license agreement during the three months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007, respectively.  We also incurred $140,000 and $428,000 of royalty expense from VeriSilicon under a core license agreement assumed from our acquisition of the semiconductor design business of UTStarcom, Inc. during the nine months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007, respectively.  Weili Dai’s brother (and Dr. Sehat Sutardja’s brother-in-law) is the Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of VeriSilicon.  Ms. Dai is also a shareholder of VeriSilicon.

 

On September 28, 2007, through Marvell International, we entered into a Master Technology Agreement (the “Technology Agreement”) with Sonics, Inc. (“Sonics”), pursuant to which we have licensed technology from Sonics.  The Technology Agreement has substantially similar terms as our other license agreements with other third parties.  We paid $2.1 million under the Technology Agreement for the license and related maintenance during fiscal 2008.  Kuo Wei (Herbert) Chang, member of our Board of Directors, and Mike Sophie, former member of our Board of Directors, both serve as members of the board of directors of Sonics and each has a direct and/or indirect ownership interest in the equity of Sonics.  There was no expense incurred related to the Technology Agreement during the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008 and October 27, 2007.

 

On October 31, 2007, we entered into a License Agreement with Vivante Corporation (“Vivante”).  This License Agreement has substantially similar terms as we would expect to obtain for license agreements with other third parties for similar technology.  We recorded none and $0.2 million of expense during the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008, respectively, in connection with this License Agreement with Vivante.  On August 5, 2008, we entered into an additional Technology License Agreement with Vivante.  This Technology License Agreement, as amended, also has substantially similar terms as we would expect to obtain for license agreements with other third parties for similar technology.  We recorded $2.0 million for the license fee and $0.2 million of maintenance during the three and nine months ended November 1, 2008, respectively, in connection with this Technology License Agreement.  Dr. Sehat Sutardja and Weili Dai, through their ownership and control of Estopia, are indirect shareholders of Vivante.  In addition, Dr. Sehat Sutardja is also a direct shareholder and Chairman of the board of directors of Vivante.  Weili Dai’s brother (and Dr. Sehat Sutardja’s brother-in-law) is the Chief Executive Officer of Vivante.  Kuo Wei (Herbert) Chang, a member of our Board of Directors, through his ownership and control of C-Squared venture entities, is also an indirect shareholder of Vivante.

 

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Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

Interest Rate Risk.  The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximize the income we receive from our investments without significantly increasing risk. Some of the securities in which we have invested may be subject to market risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the principal amount of the investment to fluctuate. For example, if we hold a security that was issued with a fixed interest rate at the then-prevailing rate and the prevailing interest rate later rises, the principal amount of our investment will probably decline. Also, variable rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. To minimize this risk, we maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents and short-term investments in a variety of fixed and variable rate securities including money market funds, corporate debt securities, Federal, State, county and municipal debt securities and auction rate securities. In general, money market funds are not subject to market risk because the interest paid on such funds fluctuates with the prevailing interest rate. The following table presents the amounts of our cash equivalents and short-term investments that are subject to market risk by range of expected maturity and weighted-average interest rates as of November 1, 2008 (in thousands). This table does not include money market funds because those funds are not subject to market risk. Auction rate securities are presented below with an expected fiscal year maturity date beyond five years because of recent auction failures.  As a result, we believe that we have the ability to hold the securities for a period of longer than 12 months and thus have classified the auction rate securities based on the stated maturity date.

 

 

 

Expected Fiscal Year Maturity Date

 

 

 

2009

 

2010

 

2011

 

2012

 

2013

 

Thereafter

 

Total

 

Fair Value

 

Variable Rate

 

$

 

$

 

$

 

$

 

$

 

$

41,850

 

$

41,850

 

$

40,310

 

Average Interest Rate

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.06

%

3.06

%

 

 

 

As of November 1, 2008, our investment portfolio included $41.8 million in par value of auction rate securities.  Auction rate securities are usually found in the form of municipal bonds, preferred stock, pools of student loans or collateralized debt obligations with contractual maturities generally between 20 to 30 years and whose interest rates are reset every 7 to 35 days through an auction process. At the end of each reset period, investors can sell or continue to hold the securities at par.  Our auction rate securities are all backed by student loans originated under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”) and are over-collateralized, insured and guaranteed by the United States Federal Department of Education (the “DOE”).  All auction rate securities held by us are rated by the major independent rating agencies as either AAA or Aaa at the time of purchase and their current ratings are still within the guidelines of our corporate investment policy.

 

Beginning in February 2008, liquidity issues in the global credit markets resulted in failure of the auctions representing all of the auction rate securities held by us, as the amount of securities submitted for sale in those auctions exceed the amount of bids.  These failures are not believed to be a credit issue, but rather caused by a lack of liquidity.  Observable market prices were not available for the valuation of these investments.  Accordingly, we used a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of the auction rate securities as of November 1, 2008.  The assumptions used in preparing the discounted cash flow model included estimates for the amount and timing of future interest and principal payments, the collateralization of underlying security investments, the credit worthiness of the issuer of the securities, the probability of full repayment considering the guarantees by the DOE of the underlying student loans, guarantees by other third parties, additional credit enhancements included in the securities, and the rate of return required by investors to own these securities in the current environment.  Utilizing these assumptions, we found that our auction rate securities had a fair value of $40.3 million, which indicated an impairment of approximately $1.5 million.  During the nine months ended November 1, 2008, we recorded a temporary impairment charge for this amount in accumulated other comprehensive (loss), a component of shareholders’ equity.  When evaluating whether the impairment of the investments is temporary or other than temporary, we reviewed factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and our ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time which may be sufficient for anticipated recovery in the market value.  We specifically noted that we had approximately 4% of our total cash invested in these auction rate securities, a cash balance of approximately $1.0 billion in cash and cash equivalents in other than auction rate securities, and that we continue to generate positive cash flow.

 

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While the recent auction failures limit our ability to liquidate these investments, we do not believe that the auction failures will materially impact our ability to fund our working capital needs, capital expenditures or other business requirements, and that we have the ability to hold these securities for a period longer than 12 months.  However, at the reporting date, it is not certain when liquidity will return to the markets or if any other secondary markets will become available, and we have continued to classify these auction rate securities in long-term investments as of November 1, 2008.

 

We will continue to evaluate the impact of these failed auctions on the fair value of our auction rate securities.  If the issuer of the auction rate securities is unable to successfully close future auctions or does not redeem the auction rate securities, or the United States government fails to support its guaranty of the obligations, we may be required to adjust the carrying value of the auction rate securities and record other-than-temporary impairment charges in future periods, which could materially affect our results of operations and financial condition.

 

At any time, fluctuations in interest rates could affect interest earnings on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, or the fair value of our investment portfolio. A 10% move in interest rates as of November 1, 2008 would have an immaterial effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

 

On November 4, 2008, we made a full repayment of $191.9 million outstanding in the form of term loans under the credit agreement dated November 8, 2006, among us, the lenders party thereto, Credit Suisse, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent, LaSalle Bank National Association, as syndication agent, and Keybank National Association and Commerzbank AG, as co-documentation agents.  We will write-off $2.0 million of remaining unamortized debt issuance costs to interest expense in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009.

 

Our term debt bore interest at the higher of the lender’s prime rate or 0.5% per annum above the federal funds effective rate, as defined in the agreement, plus a 1% margin.  In the case of eurodollar loans, amounts borrowed bore interest at a rate equal to the Adjusted London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, plus 2% margin.  Such margins were subject to reductions or increases depending on our future credit rating if obtained.  We paid interest and principal amounts equal to 0.25% of the aggregate principal amount of loans on a quarterly basis on the last business day of each March, June, September and December.  The interest rate as of November 1, 2008 was 5.5%.

 

Investment Risk.  We invest in equity instruments of privately-held companies for business and strategic purposes. These investments are included in other non-current assets in the accompanying balance sheets and are accounted for under the cost method because our ownership is less than 20% and we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operations on these companies. We monitor these investments for impairment and make appropriate reductions in carrying value when an impairment is deemed to be other than temporary.

 

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk.  Substantially all of our sales and the majority of our expenses to date have been denominated in United States dollars, and, as a result, we have limited exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. Occasionally, we will enter into short-term forward exchange contracts to hedge exposures for purchases denominated in foreign currencies such as the New Israeli Shekel. As of November 1, 2008, we had no foreign currency forward contracts outstanding.  We do not enter into any other derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

 

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

 

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of November 1, 2008. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective because of the material weakness described under “Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” in Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended February 2, 2008, which we are still in the process of remediating. This material weakness is described below:

 

        Control environment.     We did not maintain an effective control environment based on criteria established in the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) framework. Specifically: (1) internal control deficiencies were not remediated in a timely manner as our management did not exercise the necessary rigor and commitment to internal control over financial reporting and senior management was unable to timely implement the planned remediation actions of the control deficiencies identified in fiscal 2007; (2) we did not maintain a sufficient complement of personnel with a level of accounting knowledge, experience and training in the application of generally accepted accounting principles commensurate with our financial reporting requirements; and (3) we did not maintain effective, timely and sufficient communication within our finance department and between our finance department and other departments.

 

        These control deficiencies resulted in audit adjustments for the year ended February 2, 2008 relating to the valuation of intangible assets, valuation of goodwill in purchase accounting, completeness of litigation accrual, valuation of inventory, valuation of deferred tax assets, valuation of accounts receivable, certain other accounts and the related financial disclosures. Additionally, these control deficiencies could result in misstatements to substantially all financial statement accounts and disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. Accordingly, our management has determined that these control deficiencies constitute a material weakness.

 

Because of this material weakness, which we are still in the process of remediating, management has concluded that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of November 1, 2008, based on the criteria established in “Internal Control - Integrated Framework” issued by the COSO. We have undertaken the remediation steps described below, and in connection with the preparation of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our management undertook and completed reconciliations, analyses, reviews and control procedures in addition to those historically completed to confirm that this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly presents in all material aspects our financial position, results of operations and cash flows as of, and for the period presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended November 1, 2008 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, except as described below.

 

Implemented or Planned Remedial Actions of Material Weakness

 

Management has made significant improvements to the overall design of its control environment to address the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting described in Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended February 2, 2008. Specifically,

 

(1) We have developed and implemented remediation plans during the first three quarters of fiscal 2009, and will continue to implement during the remainder of fiscal 2009, specific remediation plans to address internal control deficiencies that were identified as at February 2, 2008. In addition to the above, we proactively identify opportunities for control improvements and have reassessed internal controls financial reporting over other processes that may be susceptible to potential material misstatements.

 

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(2) We hired a new Chief Financial Officer effective June 23, 2008 and a new General Counsel effective October 30, 2008.  We continue to search for a new Chief Operating Officer and Compliance Executive. The Compliance Executive will report directly to the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.  In the meantime, we have engaged external resources to support and assist in our compliance efforts.  We are actively strengthening our controls over the monthly closing and financial reporting processes by continuing to hire additional personnel with knowledge, experience and training in the application of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles commensurate with our financial reporting requirements. The hiring of additional, qualified personnel is critical to the building of a finance organization with the depth and breadth of knowledge to support our planned operations.

 

In May 2007, the Implementation Committee of our Board of Directors decided to implement the recommendation of the Board of Directors’ Special Committee Regarding Derivative Litigation that Dr. Sehat Sutardja remain Chief Executive Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, but step down as Chairman of the Board in favor of a non-executive Chairman.  This non-executive Chairman was to be selected from a group of new independent directors appointed to fill the then-three vacancies on our Board of Directors.  Since that time, we have added two new independent directors, Dr. Juergen Gromer and Dr. John Kassakian, to our Board of Directors, and our Board of Directors continues to search for additional independent directors.  Our Board of Directors is evaluating the roles of independent directors in the governance of the Board, and our Board of Directors will designate an independent director either as non-executive Chairman or non-executive Lead Director (if it retains an executive Chairman) once it has completed its search for additional new independent directors.

 

(3) We are actively enhancing communications through the implementation of formalized inter-departmental information exchanges on a recurring basis, and enhancements to the design of certain internal controls to enable a more detailed review process to occur on a timely basis.

 

Limitation on Effectiveness of Controls

 

It should be noted that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system are met. The design of any control system is based, in part, upon the benefits of the control system relative to its costs. Control systems can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. In addition, over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events.

 

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

 

The information set forth under Note 9 – Commitments and Contingencies (Contingencies) of our notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, included in Part I, Item 1, is incorporated herein by reference.  For additional discussion of certain risks associated with legal proceedings, see Part II, Item 1A  “Risk Factors” immediately below.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

 

Before deciding to purchase, hold or sell our common shares, you should carefully consider the risks described below in addition to the other cautionary statements and risks described elsewhere and the other information contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and in our other filings with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended February 2, 2008 and subsequent reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K. Many of these risks and uncertainties are beyond our control, including business cycles and seasonal trends of the computing, semiconductor and related industries.

 

Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely impacted by the recent worldwide financial crisis. As a result, the market price of our common shares may decline.

 

We operate primarily in the hard disk drive and semiconductor industries, which are cyclical and subject to rapid change and evolving industry standards. From time to time, these industries have experienced significant downturns. These downturns are

 

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characterized by decreases in product demand, excess customer inventories, and accelerated erosion of prices. These factors could cause substantial fluctuations in our revenue and in our results of operations. In addition, during these downturns some competitors may become more aggressive in their pricing practices, which would adversely impact our gross margin. Furthermore, our foundry partners often require significant amounts of financing in order to build wafer fabrication facilities. If they are unable to obtain financing and anticipated capacity is not completed, we may experience a shortage of capacity, which could increase our costs or reduce our ability to meet customer demand. Any downturns in the current environment may be severe and prolonged, and any failure of the markets in which we operate to fully recover from downturns could seriously impact our revenue and harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Recently general worldwide economic conditions have experienced a downturn due to the credit conditions impacted by the sub-prime mortgage turmoil and other factors, slower economic activity, concerns about inflation and deflation, increased energy costs, decreased consumer confidence, reduced corporate profits and capital spending, adverse business conditions and liquidity concerns in the markets in which we operate, the ongoing effects of the war in Iraq, recent international conflicts and terrorist and military activity, and the impact of natural disasters and public health emergencies. These conditions make it extremely difficult for our customers, our vendors and us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities, and they could cause U.S. and foreign businesses to slow spending on our products and services, which would delay and lengthen sales cycles. During challenging economic times our customers may face issues gaining timely access to sufficient credit, which could result in an impairment of their ability to make timely payments to us. If that were to occur, we may be required to increase our allowance for doubtful accounts and our days sales outstanding would be negatively impacted. We cannot predict the timing, strength or duration of any economic slowdown or subsequent economic recovery, worldwide or in the hard disk drive and semiconductor industry. If the economy or markets in which we operate do not continue at their present levels, our business, financial condition and results of operations will likely be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, the combination of our lengthy sales cycle coupled with challenging macroeconomic conditions could harm our results of operations.

 

Changes in our management may cause uncertainty in, or be disruptive to, our business.

 

We have experienced significant changes in our management and our Board of Directors. In May 2007, our former Chief Financial Officer resigned and our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, who is one of our co-founders, resigned from those positions and as a member of our Board of Directors but continues to serve in a non-management role. The service of our Acting Chief Operating Officer concluded in October 2008 and our Chief Financial Officer was appointed to serve as interim Chief Operating Officer until a permanent replacement can be hired. We recently hired a new general counsel of our U.S. operating subsidiary. If we cannot recruit a qualified permanent replacement for the position of Chief Operating Officer, our business may suffer.   Moreover, we continue to search for new independent directors to fill the existing vacancies on our Board of Directors, and two of the independent directors currently on our Board of Directors joined our Board of Directors in October 2007 and July 2008, respectively. An independent director will either succeed Dr. Sehat Sutardja as Chairman of the Board or be appointed to a new position of Lead Director. Although we will endeavor to implement any director and management transition in as nondisruptive a manner as possible, any such transition might impact our business, and give rise to uncertainty among customers, investors, vendors, employees and others concerning our future direction and performance. Our future success will depend to a significant extent on the ability of our management team to work together effectively. The loss of any of our management or other key personnel could harm our ability to implement our business strategy and respond to the rapidly changing market conditions in which we operate. Moreover, our success will depend on our ability to attract, hire and retain qualified management and other key personnel and on the abilities of the new management personnel to function effectively, both individually and as a group, going forward. If we are unable to attract and retain effective qualified replacements for our key executives and board of directors positions in a timely manner, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely affected and our ability to execute our business model could be impaired.

 

We and certain of our current and former officers and directors have been named as parties to several purported shareholder derivative and class action lawsuits relating to our historic stock option granting practices, and may be named in additional litigation, all of which could require significant management time and attention, result in significant legal expenses, or cause our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows to suffer.

 

We have been named as a nominal defendant in purported shareholder derivative actions that name a number of our current and former directors and officers as defendants and that seek to recover damages purportedly sustained by us in connection with our historic stock option granting practices. The parties in the consolidated derivative lawsuit have reached a tentative settlement. In addition, putative class actions have been filed against us and certain of our officers and directors that allege violations of the federal securities laws in connection with our historic stock option granting practices, which seek to recover damages. We and our current and

 

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former executive officers and board members may in the future be subject to additional litigation relating to our historic stock option granting practices. Subject to certain limitations, we are obligated to indemnify our current and former directors, officers and employees in connection with such lawsuits. We cannot predict the outcome of these lawsuits. Regardless of the outcome, these lawsuits, and any other litigation that may be brought against us or our directors and officers, could be time consuming, result in significant expense, and divert the attention and resources of our management and other key employees, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. An unfavorable outcome in these litigations could exceed the proceeds obtained from a settlement and policy release with our directors and officers liability insurers and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, including potential impacts to certain covenants in our existing credit agreement.

 

Our tentative settlement of the consolidated shareholder derivative actions requires the court’s preliminary and final approval, and may not be approved by the court.

 

On or about March 5, 2008, the parties in the shareholder derivative actions entered into a memorandum of understanding that tentatively settles and resolves the pending consolidated derivative action filed in connection with our historic stock option granting practices. This tentative settlement of the derivative actions requires court approval before it becomes final. The court may not preliminarily or finally approve the tentative settlement. If the court does not approve the tentative settlement, the parties might elect or be required to continue litigating the consolidated derivative actions.

 

Matters related to the internal review of our historic stock option granting practices and the restatement of our financial statements may result in additional litigation, regulatory proceedings and government enforcement actions, and could have a negative impact on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our historic stock option granting practices and the restatement of our financial statements have exposed us to greater risks associated with litigation, regulatory proceedings and government enforcement actions. We may become the subject of additional private or government actions regarding these matters in the future. We provided the results of our internal review to the SEC and the United States Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of California, and in that regard responded to formal and informal requests for documents and additional information. The SEC conducted first an informal and then a formal investigation of our historic stock option granting practices. On May 8, 2008, we announced that we had reached an agreement with the SEC to settle this matter. In a related agreement, Ms. Weili Dai also entered into a settlement with the SEC. The Court entered into the final judgment against Ms. Dai on June 16, 2008 and against us on July 1, 2008.  On July 8, 2008, we paid a $10 million civil penalty to the SEC in accordance with the settlement. As a result of our SEC settlement, we have forfeited for three years the ability to invoke the “safe harbor” for the forward-looking statements provision of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. This safe harbor provided us enhanced protection from liability related to forward-looking statements if the forward-looking statements were either accompanied by meaningful cautionary statements or were made without actual knowledge that they were false or misleading. Without the statutory safe harbor, it may be more difficult for us to defend against any such claims. Although this settlement concluded the SEC’s formal investigation of us with respect to our historic stock option granting practices, we cannot be certain regarding the outcome of any other unresolved litigation, regulatory proceedings and government enforcement actions relating to our historic stock option granting practices. The resolution of these matters has been and will be time consuming and expensive, and may require the time and attention of our management. Subject to certain limitations, we are obligated to indemnify our current and former directors, officers and employees in connection with the shareholder litigation, as well as the government investigations of our historic stock option granting practices and any subsequent litigation. Further, we could be required to pay damages or additional penalties or have other remedies imposed against us, our directors, executive officers or other officers, or employees, which could harm our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Moreover, our settlement with the SEC, the tentatively settled shareholder derivative actions and the pending class action litigation could have a negative impact on our relationships with customers, suppliers and business partners, our ability to generate revenue, our ability to obtain director and officer insurance coverage, our ability to attract and retain employees, officers and directors, our ability to access debt and equity markets, customer and investor confidence in our board and management, and our revenue, net income, expenses, results of operations, profitability, earnings-per-share and cash flows.

 

Class action litigation due to stock price volatility or other factors could cause us to incur substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources.

 

On July 31, 2001, a putative class action suit was filed against two investment banks that participated in the underwriting of our initial public offering (“IPO”) on June 29, 2000. That lawsuit, which did not name us or any of our officers or directors as defendants, was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Plaintiffs allege that the underwriters received

 

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“excessive” and undisclosed commissions and entered into unlawful “tie-in” agreements with certain of their investment clients in violation of Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act. Thereafter, on September 5, 2001, a second putative class action was filed in the Southern District of New York relating to our IPO. In this second action, plaintiffs named three underwriters as defendants and also named as defendants, us and two of our officers, one of whom is also a director. Relying on many of the same allegations contained in the initial complaint in which we were not named as a defendant, plaintiffs allege that the defendants violated various provisions of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act in the course of our IPO. In both actions, plaintiffs seek, among other items, unspecified damages, pre-judgment interest and reimbursement of attorneys’ and experts’ fees. These two actions relating to our IPO have been coordinated with hundreds of other similar lawsuits filed by plaintiffs against approximately 40 underwriters and approximately 300 issuers across the United States. Defendants in the coordinated proceedings moved to dismiss the actions. In February 2003, the trial court granted the motions in part and denied them in part, thus allowing the case to proceed against us and the underwriters and us as to alleged violations of Section 11 of the Securities Act and Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act. Claims against the individual officers have been voluntarily dismissed with prejudice by agreement with plaintiffs. In June 2004, a stipulation of settlement and release of claims against the issuer defendants, including us, was submitted to the court for approval. On August 31, 2005, the court preliminarily approved the settlement. In December 2006, the appellate court overturned the certification of classes in the six focus cases that were selected by the underwriter defendants and plaintiffs in the coordinated proceedings (the action involving us is not one of the six cases). Because class certification was a condition of the settlement, it was unlikely that the settlement would receive final court approval. On June 25, 2007, the court entered an order terminating the proposed settlement based upon a stipulation among the parties to the settlement. Plaintiffs filed amended master allegations and amended complaints in the six focus cases. Defendants’ motions to dismiss those new complaints were denied in part and granted in part. In the past, securities class action litigation often has been brought against a company following periods of volatility in the market price of its securities. Companies in the integrated circuit industry and other technology industries are particularly vulnerable to this kind of litigation due to the high volatility of their stock prices. Accordingly, we may in the future be the target of additional securities litigation. Any securities litigation could result in substantial costs, could divert the attention and resources of our management, and could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, financial results, results of operations and cash flows.

 

We have had and continue to have material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting and cannot assure you that additional material weaknesses will not be identified in the future. If our internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures are not effective, there may be errors in our financial statements that could require a restatement or our filings may not be filed on a timely basis and investors may lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could lead to a decline in our stock price.

 

We have assessed that we continue to have material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. We are still in the process of remediating our material weaknesses. We strongly believe that effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent fraud. Any inability to provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud could harm our business. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires management and our auditors to evaluate and assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as of the end of each year, and to include a management report assessing the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in each Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs.  In addition, we are consistently evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of our internal controls in accordance with Auditing Standard No. 5, a process which sometimes leads to modifications in such controls. These modifications could affect the overall effectiveness or evaluation of the control system in the future by us or our independent registered public accounting firm. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty, breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake and errors discovered by personnel within control systems may not be properly disclosed and addressed. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and we cannot assure you that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

 

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We cannot assure you that material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future. Although we intend to continue to devote substantial resources to improve our internal control processes, we may not be able to effectively and timely implement necessary control changes and employee training to ensure continued compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and other regulatory and reporting requirements. Our rapid growth and numerous acquisitions in recent years, and our possible future expansion through additional acquisitions, present challenges to maintain the internal control and disclosure control standards applicable to public companies. Any failure to maintain or implement required new or improved controls, or any difficulties we encounter in their implementation, could result in significant deficiencies or material weaknesses, cause us to fail to timely meet our periodic reporting obligations, or result in material misstatements in our financial statements. Any such failure could also adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting required under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The existence of a material weakness could result in errors in our financial statements that could result in a restatement of financial statements, cause us to fail to timely meet our reporting obligations and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, leading to a decline in our stock price. If we fail to maintain effective internal controls, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny and sanctions and investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports. We cannot assure you that we will be able to fully comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 or that management or our auditors will conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective in future periods.

 

If the recent worsening of credit market conditions continues or increases, it could have a material adverse impact on our investment portfolio.

 

Recent U.S. sub-prime mortgage defaults have had a significant impact across various sectors of the financial markets, causing global credit and liquidity issues. The short-term funding markets experienced credit issues during the second half of calendar 2007 and continuing to date through calendar 2008, leading to liquidity disruption in asset-backed commercial paper and failed auctions in the auction rate securities market. If the global credit market continues to deteriorate, our investment portfolio may be impacted and we could determine that some of our investments are impaired. This could materially adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

 

As of November 1, 2008, our investment portfolio included $41.8 million in par value of auction rate securities.  Auction rate securities are usually found in the form of municipal bonds, preferred stock, pools of student loans or collateralized debt obligations with contractual maturities generally between 20 to 30 years and whose interest rates are reset every 7 to 35 days through an auction process. At the end of each reset period, investors can sell or continue to hold the securities at par.  Our auction rate securities are all backed by student loans originated under the FFELP and are over-collateralized, insured and guaranteed by the DOE.  All auction rate securities held by us are rated by the major independent rating agencies as either AAA or Aaa at the time of purchase and their current ratings are still within the guidelines of our corporate investment policy.

 

Beginning in February 2008, liquidity issues in the global credit markets resulted in failure of the auctions representing all of the auction rate securities held by us, as the amount of securities submitted for sale in those auctions exceed the amount of bids.  These failures are not believed to be a credit issue, but rather caused by a lack of liquidity.  Observable market places were not available for the valuation of these investments. Accordingly, we used a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of the auction rate securities as of November 1, 2008.  The assumptions used in preparing the discounted cash flow model included estimates for the amount and timing of future interest and principal payments, the collateralization of underlying security investments, the credit worthiness of the issuer of the securities, the probability of full repayment considering the guarantees by the DOE of the underlying student loans, guarantees by other third parties, additional credit enhancements included in the securities, and the rate of return required by investors to own these securities in the current environment.  Utilizing these assumptions, we found that our auction rate securities had a fair value of $40.3 million, which indicated an impairment of approximately $1.5 million.  During the nine months ended November 1, 2008, we recorded a temporary impairment charge for this amount in accumulated other comprehensive (loss), a component of shareholders’ equity.  When evaluating whether the impairment is temporary or other than temporary, we reviewed factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and our ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time which may be sufficient for anticipated recovery in the market value.  We specifically noted that we had approximately 4% of our total cash invested in these auction rate securities, a cash balance of approximately $1.0 billion in cash and cash equivalents other than auction rate securities, and that we continue to generate positive cash flow on a quarterly basis.

 

While the recent auction failures limit our ability to liquidate these investments, we do not believe that the auction failures will materially impact our ability to fund our working capital needs, capital expenditures or other business requirements, and that we have the ability to hold these securities for a period longer than 12 months.  However, at the reporting date, it is not certain when liquidity will return to the markets or if any other secondary markets will become available, and we have continued to classify these auction rate securities in long-term investments as of November 1, 2008.

 

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We will continue to evaluate the impact of these failed auctions on the fair value of our auction rate securities.  If the issuer of the auction rate securities is unable to successfully close future auctions or does not redeem the auction rate securities, or the United States government fails to support its guaranty of the obligations, we may be required to adjust the carrying value of the auction rate securities and record other-than-temporary impairment charges in future periods, which could materially affect our results of operations and financial condition.

 

In addition, in support of our international operations, a portion of our cash and investment portfolio accumulates offshore. While these amounts are primarily invested in U.S. dollars, a portion is held in foreign currencies, and all offshore balances are exposed to local political, banking, currency control and other risks. In addition, these amounts may be subject to tax and other transfer restrictions. While we believe our cash and investments are secure, there is risk that some of our balances in international locations will not be adequately secured if the current credit crisis continues.

 

Our recent acquisitions and any future acquisitions could harm our operating results and share price.

 

In November 2006, we completed our acquisition of the communications and applications processor business of Intel. The integration of these business assets and personnel was both a time consuming and expensive process. If customers do not accept or are dissatisfied with the way we have integrated the manufacturing processes of the business, they may adopt competing products and solutions. If our integration efforts were not successful, our results of operations could be harmed, employee morale could decline, key employees could leave, and customer relations could be damaged.

 

We also completed several smaller acquisitions over the last three fiscal years.  Such acquisitions, as well as acquisitions in the future, could materially harm our operating results of operations or liquidity as a result of possible concurrent issuances of dilutive equity securities or payment of cash. In addition, the purchase price of any acquired businesses may exceed the current fair values of the net tangible assets of the acquired businesses. As a result, we would be required to record material amounts of goodwill, acquired in-process research and development charges and other intangible assets, which could result in significant impairment and acquired in-process research and development charges and amortization expense in future periods. It may also be necessary for us to take other financial charges and reserves as a result of acquisitions, such as inventory write-downs. These charges, in addition to the results of operations of such acquired businesses, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot forecast the number, timing or size of future acquisitions, or the effect that any such acquisitions might have on our operating or financial results.

 

Under GAAP, we are required to review our intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. In addition, we are required to review our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets on an annual basis. If presently unforeseen events or changes in circumstances arise which indicate that the carrying value of our goodwill or other intangible assets may not be recoverable, we will be required to perform impairment reviews of these assets, which had carrying values of approximately $2.4 billion as of November 1, 2008. An impairment review could result in a write-down of all or a portion of these assets to their fair values. We intend to perform an annual impairment review during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or more frequently if we believe indicators of impairment exist. In light of the large carrying value associated with our goodwill and intangible assets, any write-down of these assets may result in a significant charge to our statement of operations in the period any impairment is determined and could cause our stock price to decline.

 

We have made and may continue to make acquisitions and investments, which could divert management’s attention, cause ownership dilution to our shareholders, be difficult to integrate and adversely affect our results of operations.

 

We expect to continue to make acquisitions of, and investments in, businesses that offer complementary products, services and technologies, augment our market segment coverage, or enhance our technological capabilities. We may also enter into strategic alliances or joint ventures to achieve these goals. We cannot assure you that we will be able to identify suitable acquisition, investment, alliance or joint venture opportunities, or that we will be able to consummate any such transactions or relationships on terms and conditions acceptable to us, or that such transactions or relationships will be successful.

 

Integrating newly acquired businesses or technologies could put a strain on our resources, could be costly and time consuming, and might not be successful. Such acquisitions could divert our management’s attention from other business concerns. In addition, we might lose key employees while integrating new organizations. Acquisitions could also result in customer dissatisfaction, performance problems with an acquired company or technology, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, the

 

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assumption or incurrence of contingent liabilities, possible impairment charges related to goodwill or other intangible assets, or other unanticipated events or circumstances, any of which could harm our business. We might not be successful in integrating any acquired businesses, products or technologies, and might not achieve anticipated revenues and cost benefits.

 

Our ability to realize the expected benefits of our acquisition of the communications and applications processor business of Intel and to eliminate the operating losses of that business will depend in large part on our ability to arrange for or maintain more cost-effective production of that business’ products, either through the recently completed transition of the manufacturing of certain products from Intel to third party foundries or through continuing arrangements with Intel for certain legacy products, increase the gross margin of those products, and retain the business’ relationship with its principal customers.

 

We are exposed to potential impairment charges on certain assets.

 

Over the past several years, we have made several acquisitions. As a result of these acquisitions, we have approximately $2 billion of goodwill and $329 million of intangible assets on our balance sheet as of November 1, 2008. If the businesses acquired fail to meet our expectations set out at the time of the acquisition or if our market capitalization adjusted for control premiums and other factors declines to below our carrying value, we could incur significant impairment charges, which could negatively impact our financial results. In addition, from time to time, we have made investments in other private companies. If the companies that we invest in are unable to execute their plans and succeed in their respective markets, we may not benefit from such investments, and we could potentially lose the amounts we invest. In addition, we evaluate our investment portfolio on a regular basis to determine if impairments have occurred. Impairment charges could have a material impact on our results of operations in any period.

 

A significant portion of our business is dependent on the hard disk drive industry, which is highly cyclical, experiences rapid technological change, and is facing increased competition from alternative technologies.

 

The hard disk drive industry is intensely competitive, and the technology changes rapidly. As a result, this industry is highly cyclical, with periods of increased demand and rapid growth followed by periods of oversupply and subsequent contraction. These cycles may affect us because our customers are suppliers to this industry. Hard disk drive manufacturers tend to order more components than they may need during growth periods, and sharply reduce orders for components during periods of contraction. In addition, advances in existing technologies and the introduction of new technologies may result in lower demand for disk drive storage devices, thereby reducing demand for our products. Rapid technological changes in the hard disk drive industry often result in significant and rapid shifts in market share among the industry’s participants. If the hard disk drive manufacturers using our products do not retain or increase their market share, our sales may decrease.

 

Future changes in the nature of information storage products may reduce demand for traditional hard disk drives. For instance, products using alternative technologies, such as semiconductor memory, optical storage, and other storage technologies could become a significant source of competition to manufacturers of hard disk drives. Flash memory has typically been more costly than disk drive technologies. However, flash memory manufacturers have been reducing the prices for their products, which could enable them to complete more effectively with very small form factor hard disk drive products. Demand for hard disk drives could be reduced if alternative storage technologies such as flash memory can meet customers’ cost and capacity requirements.

 

Our sales are concentrated in a few customers, and if we lose or experience a significant reduction in sales to any of these key customers, our revenues may decrease substantially.

 

We receive a significant amount of our revenues from a limited number of customers. For the nine months ended November 1, 2008, one customer accounted for a total of approximately 21% of our net revenue. Sales to our largest customers have fluctuated significantly from period to period primarily due to the timing and number of design wins with each customer, as well as the continued diversification of our customer base as we expand into new markets, and will likely continue to fluctuate dramatically in the future. The loss of any of our large customers, a significant reduction in sales we make to them, or any problems we encounter collecting amounts due from them would likely harm our financial condition and results of operations. Our operating results in the foreseeable future will continue to depend on sales to a relatively small number of customers, as well as the ability of these customers to sell products that incorporate our products. In the future, these customers may decide not to purchase our products at all, purchase fewer products than they did in the past, or alter their purchasing patterns in some other way, particularly because:

 

·                  substantially all of our sales are made on a purchase order basis, which permits our customers to cancel, change or delay product purchase commitments with little or no notice to us and without penalty;

 

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·                  our customers may develop their own solutions;

 

·                  our customers may purchase integrated circuits from our competitors; or

 

·                  our customers may discontinue sales or lose market share in the markets for which they purchase our products.

 

We rely on independent foundries and subcontractors for the manufacture, assembly and testing of our integrated circuit products, and the failure of any of these third party vendors to deliver products or otherwise perform as requested could damage our relationships with our customers, decrease our sales and limit our growth.

 

We do not have our own manufacturing or assembly facilities and have very limited in-house testing facilities. Therefore, we rely on third party vendors to manufacture, assemble and test the products we design. We currently rely on several third party foundries to produce substantially all of our integrated circuit products. We also currently rely on several third party assembly and test subcontractors to assemble, package and test our products. This exposes us to a variety of risks, including the following:

 

Regional Concentration:

 

Substantially all of our products are manufactured by third party foundries located in Taiwan. Currently our only alternative manufacturing sources are located in Taiwan, China and Singapore. In addition, substantially all of our assembly and testing facilities are located in Singapore, Taiwan, Malaysia and the Philippines. Because of the geographic concentration of these third party foundries, we are exposed to the risk that their operations may be disrupted by regional disasters. For example, the risk of an earthquake in Taiwan and elsewhere in the Pacific Rim region is significant due to the proximity of major earthquake fault lines to the facilities of our foundries and assembly and test subcontractors. In September 1999, a major earthquake in Taiwan affected the facilities of several of these third party contractors. As a consequence of this earthquake, these contractors suffered power outages and disruptions that impaired their production capacity. Major earthquakes also occurred in Taiwan in 2002, 2003, 2004 and more recently in 2006. In addition, the resurgence of severe acute respiratory syndrome, the outbreak of avian flu and any similar future outbreaks in Asia, where these foundries are located, could affect the production capabilities of our manufacturers by resulting in quarantines or closures. In the event of such a quarantine or closure, if we were unable to quickly identify alternate manufacturing facilities, our revenues, cost of revenues and results of operations would be negatively impacted. If these vendors do not provide us with high-quality products and services in a timely manner, or if one or more of these vendors terminates its relationship with us, we may be unable to obtain satisfactory replacements to fulfill customer orders on a timely basis, our relationships with our customers could suffer, our sales could decrease and harm our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

No Guarantee of Capacity or Supply:

 

Availability of foundry capacity has from time to time in the past been constrained due to strong demand, and with limited exceptions, our vendors are not obligated to perform services or supply products to us for any specific period, in any specific quantities, or at any specific price, except as may be provided in a particular purchase order. The ability of each foundry to provide us with semiconductor devices is limited by its available capacity and existing obligations. Although we have entered into contractual commitments to supply specified levels of products to some of our customers, we may not have sufficient levels of production capacity with all of our foundries, despite signing a long-term guaranteed production capacity agreement with one of our foundries. Despite this agreement, foundry capacity may not be available when we need it or at reasonable prices. We place our orders on the basis of our customers’ purchase orders or our forecast of customer demand, and the foundries can allocate capacity to the production of other companies’ products and reduce deliveries to us on short notice. It is possible that foundry customers that are larger and better financed than we are or that have long-term agreements with our main foundries, may induce our foundries to reallocate capacity to those customers. This reallocation could impair our ability to secure the supply of components that we need.

 

Although we use several independent foundries to manufacture substantially all of our semiconductor products, most of our components are not manufactured at more than one foundry at any given time, and our products typically are designed to be manufactured in a specific process at only one of these foundries. Accordingly, if one of our foundries is unable to provide us with components as needed, it may be difficult for us to transition the manufacture of our products to other foundries, and we could experience significant delays in securing sufficient supplies of those components. This could result in a material decline in revenues, net income and cash flow.

 

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In order to secure sufficient foundry capacity when demand is high and mitigate the risks described in the foregoing paragraph, we may enter into various arrangements with suppliers that could be costly and harm our results of operations, such as nonrefundable deposits with or loans to foundries in exchange for capacity commitments, and contracts that commit us to purchase specified quantities of integrated circuits over extended periods. We may not be able to make any such arrangement in a timely fashion or at all, and any arrangements may be costly, reduce our financial flexibility, and not be on terms favorable to us. For example, amounts payable under our foundry capacity are non-refundable regardless of whether we are able to utilize all of any of the guaranteed wafer capacity under the terms of the agreement. Moreover, if we are able to secure foundry capacity, we may be obligated to use all of that capacity or incur penalties. These penalties may be expensive and could harm our financial results.

 

Uncertain Yields and Quality:

 

The fabrication of integrated circuits is a complex and technically demanding process. Our foundries have from time to time experienced manufacturing defects and reduced manufacturing yields. Changes in manufacturing processes or the inadvertent use of defective or contaminated materials by our foundries could result in lower than anticipated manufacturing yields or unacceptable performance. Many of these problems are difficult to detect at an early stage of the manufacturing process and may be time consuming and expensive to correct. Poor yields from our foundries, or defects, integration issues or other performance problems in our products could cause us significant customer relations and business reputation problems, harm our financial results and result in financial or other damages to our customers. Our customers could also seek damages from us for their losses. A product liability claim brought against us, even if unsuccessful, would likely be time consuming and costly to defend. In addition, defects in our existing or new products could result in significant warranty, support and repair costs, and divert the attention of our engineering personnel from our product development efforts.

 

If we are unable to accurately predict our future sales and to appropriately budget for our expenses, our results of operations could suffer.

 

The rapidly changing nature of the markets in which we sell our products limits our ability to accurately forecast quarterly and annual sales. Additionally, because many of our expenses are fixed in the short term or are incurred in advance of anticipated sales, we may not be able to decrease our expenses in a timely manner to offset any shortfall of sales. If our sales do not increase as anticipated, significant losses could result due to our higher expense levels. For example, although in fiscal 2006 and 2007 we expanded our staffing and increased our expense levels in anticipation of future sales growth, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, we implemented a plan to reduce operating expenses and help meet financial targets with a worldwide reduction in force of approximately 438 employees, or approximately 8% of our total workforce. We expect cost savings from this restructuring to be used to offset market forces or to be reinvested in our businesses to strengthen our competitiveness, but we cannot be certain that we will be successful in these efforts.

 

Our financial condition and results of operations may vary, which may cause the price of our common shares to decline.

 

Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to do so in the future. Because our operating results are difficult to predict, you should not rely on quarterly comparisons of our results of operations as an indication of our future performance.

 

Fluctuations in our operating results may be due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to, those listed below and those identified throughout this “Risk Factors” section:

 

·                  order or shipment cancellations, rescheduling or deferrals of significant customer orders;

 

·                  our ability to scale our operations in response to changes in demand for our existing products and services or demand for new products requested by our customers;

 

·                  gain or loss of a key customer;

 

·                  our ability to maintain a competitive cost structure for our manufacturing and assembly and test processes;

 

·                  failure to qualify our products or our suppliers’ manufacturing lines;

 

·                  our ability to exercise stringent quality control measures to obtain high yields;

 

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·                  effective and timely update of equipment and facilities as required for leading edge production capabilities; and

 

·                  our ability to realize the benefits expected from our recent acquisitions, including our acquisition of the communications and applications processor business of Intel.

 

Due to fluctuations in our quarterly operating results and other factors, the price at which our common shares will trade is likely to continue to be highly volatile. Recently we have experienced a substantial downturn in the market price of our common shares.  In future periods, if our revenues or operating results are below our estimates or the estimates or expectations of public market analysts and investors, our stock price could decline. On average, technology companies have been subject to a greater number of securities class action claims than companies in many other industries as a result of stock price volatility. If our stock price is volatile, we may become involved in this type of litigation. Any litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources that are needed to successfully run our business.

 

Changes in financial accounting standards or practices or existing taxation rules or practices may cause adverse unexpected revenue and expense fluctuations and affect our reported results of operations.

 

A change in accounting standards or practices or a change in existing taxation rules or practices can have a significant effect on our reported results and may even affect our reporting of transactions completed before the change is effective. New accounting pronouncements and taxation rules and varying interpretations of accounting pronouncements and taxation practice have occurred and may occur in the future. Changes to existing rules or the questioning of current practices by regulators may adversely affect our reported financial results or the way we conduct our business.

 

If we are unable to develop and introduce new and enhanced products that achieve market acceptance in a timely and cost-effective manner, our results of operations and competitive position will be harmed.

 

Our future success will depend on our ability, in a timely and cost-effective manner, to develop and introduce new products and enhancements to our existing products. We must also achieve market acceptance for these products and enhancements. If we do not successfully develop and achieve market acceptance for new and enhanced products, our ability to maintain or increase revenues will suffer. The development of our products is highly complex. We occasionally have experienced delays in completing the development and introduction of new products and product enhancements, and we could experience delays in the future. Even if new and enhanced products are introduced to the market, we may not be able to achieve market acceptance of them in a timely manner.

 

In addition, our longstanding relationships with some of our larger customers may also deter other potential customers who compete with these customers from buying our products. To attract new customers or retain existing customers, we may offer certain customers favorable prices on our products. If these prices are lower than the prices paid by our existing customers, we would have to offer the same lower prices to certain of our customers who have contractual “most favored nation” pricing arrangements. In that event, our average selling prices and gross margins would decline. The loss of a key customer, a reduction in sales to any key customer or our inability to attract new significant customers could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

If we fail to appropriately scale our operations in response to changes in demand for our existing products and services or to the demand for new products requested by our customers, our business could be materially and adversely affected.

 

To achieve our business objectives, it may be necessary from time to time for us to expand or contract our operations. For example, we have experienced periods of rapid growth and expansion. Through internal growth and acquisitions, we significantly increased the scope of our operations and expanded our workforce from 1,205 employees, as of January 31, 2003, to 5,541 employees, as of November 1, 2008. Nonetheless, we may not be able to scale our workforce and operations in a sufficiently timely manner to respond effectively to changes in demand for our existing products and services or to the demand for new products requested by our customers. In that event, we may be unable to meet competitive challenges or exploit potential market opportunities, and our current or future business could be materially and adversely affected. Conversely, if we expand our operations and workforce too rapidly in anticipation of increased demand for our products, and such demand does not materialize at the pace at which we expected, the rate of increase in our operating expenses may exceed the rate of increase in our revenue, which would adversely affect our results of operations.

 

Our past growth has placed, and any future growth is expected to continue to place, a significant strain on our management personnel, systems and resources. To implement our current business and product plans, we will need to continue to expand, train, manage and motivate our workforce. All of these endeavors will require substantial management effort. Although we have

 

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implemented an enterprise resource planning system to help us improve our planning and management processes, we anticipate that we will also need to continue to implement and improve a variety of new and upgraded operational and financial systems, as well as additional procedures and other internal management systems. These processes can be time consuming and expensive, increase management responsibilities, and divert management attention. If we are unable to effectively manage our expanding operations, we may be unable to scale our business quickly enough to meet competitive challenges or exploit potential market opportunities, or conversely, we may scale our business too quickly and the rate of increase in our expenses may exceed the rate of increase in our revenue, either of which would materially and adversely affect our current or future business.

 

Our operations located in the State of Israel may be harmed by adverse political, economic and military conditions affecting Israel.

 

We have substantial operations, including approximately 21% of our workforce as of November 1, 2008, in Israel. These operations are directly influenced by the political, economic and military conditions affecting Israel. Any potential hostilities involving or within Israel could disrupt these operations. For example, past hostilities between Israel and the Palestinian authority and other groups have caused substantial political unrest, which could lead to a potential economic downturn in Israel. Additionally, the ongoing situation in Iraq could lead to more economic instability and uncertainty in the State of Israel and the Middle East. Also, the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its present trading partners or a significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel could negatively impact the business operations and financial results of our operations in Israel.

 

We rely on third party distributors and manufacturers’ representatives and the failure of these distributors and manufacturers’ representatives to perform as expected could reduce our future sales.

 

We sell many of our products to customers through distributors and manufacturers’ representatives. From time to time, we enter into relationships with new distributors and manufacturers’ representatives, and we are unable to predict the extent to which new distributors and manufacturers’ representatives will be successful in marketing and selling our products. Moreover, many of our distributors and manufacturers’ representatives also market and sell competing products. Our distributors and manufacturer’s representatives may terminate their relationships with us at any time. Our future performance will also depend, in part, on our ability to attract additional distributors or manufacturers’ representatives that will be able to market and support our products effectively, especially in markets in which we have not previously distributed our products. If we cannot retain our current distributors or manufacturers’ representatives or recruit additional or replacement distributors or manufacturers’ representatives, our sales and operating results will be harmed. The loss of one or more of our distributors or manufacturers’ representatives could harm our sales and results of operations. We generally realize a higher gross margin on direct sales and from sales through manufacturers’ representatives than on sales through distributors. Accordingly, if our distributors were to account for an increased portion of our net sales, our gross margins may decline.

 

We are subject to order and shipment uncertainties, and if we are unable to accurately predict customer demand, we may hold excess or obsolete inventory, which would reduce our profit margin, or, conversely, we may have insufficient inventory, which would result in lost revenue opportunities and potentially in loss of market share and damaged customer relationships.

 

We typically sell products pursuant to purchase orders rather than long-term purchase commitments. Customers can generally cancel or defer purchase orders on short notice without incurring a significant penalty. In the recent past, some of our customers have developed excess inventories of their own products and have, as a consequence, deferred purchase orders for our products. We cannot accurately predict what or how many products our customers will need in the future. Anticipating demand is difficult because our customers face volatile pricing and unpredictable demand for their own products and are increasingly focused more on cash preservation and tighter inventory management. In addition, as an increasing number of our chips are being incorporated into consumer products, we anticipate greater fluctuations in demand for our products, which makes it more difficult to forecast customer demand. We place orders with our suppliers based on forecasts of customer demand and, in some instances, may establish buffer inventories to accommodate anticipated demand. Our forecasts are based on multiple assumptions, each of which may introduce error into our estimates. If we overestimate customer demand, we may allocate resources to manufacturing products that we may not be able to sell when we expect to, if at all. As a result, we would hold excess or obsolete inventory, which would reduce our profit margins and adversely affect our financial results. Conversely, if we underestimate customer demand or if insufficient manufacturing capacity is available, we would forgo revenue opportunities and potentially lose market share and damage our customer relationships. In addition, any future significant cancellations or deferrals of product orders or the return of previously sold products could materially and adversely affect our profit margins, increase product obsolescence and restrict our ability to fund our operations. Furthermore, we generally recognize revenue upon shipment of products to a customer. If a customer refuses to accept shipped products or does not timely pay for these products, we could incur significant charges against our income.

 

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Our future success depends in significant part on strategic relationships with customers. If we cannot maintain these relationships or if these customers develop their own solutions or adopt a competitor’s solutions instead of buying our products, our operating results would be adversely affected.

 

In the past, we have relied in significant part on our strategic relationships with customers that are technology leaders in our target markets. We intend to pursue and continue to form these strategic relationships in the future but we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so. These relationships often require us to develop new products that may involve significant technological challenges. Our customers frequently place considerable pressure on us to meet their tight development schedules. Accordingly, we may have to devote a substantial amount of our limited resources to our strategic relationships, which could detract from or delay our completion of other important development projects. Delays in the development could impair our relationships with our strategic customers and negatively impact sales of the products under development. Moreover, it is possible that our customers may develop their own solutions or adopt a competitor’s solution for products that they currently buy from us. If that happens, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially harmed.

 

We may experience difficulties in transitioning to smaller geometry process technologies or in achieving higher levels of design integration, which may result in reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses.

 

In order to remain competitive, we expect to continue to transition our semiconductor products to increasingly smaller line width geometries. This transition requires us to modify the manufacturing processes for our products and to redesign some products. We periodically evaluate the benefits, on a product-by-product basis, of migrating to smaller geometry process technologies to reduce our costs. In the past, we have experienced some difficulties in shifting to smaller geometry process technologies or new manufacturing processes, which resulted in reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses. We may face similar difficulties, delays and expenses as we continue to transition our products to smaller geometry processes. We are dependent on our relationships with our foundry subcontractors to transition to smaller geometry processes successfully. We cannot assure you that the foundries that we use will be able to effectively manage the transition or that we will be able to maintain our existing foundry relationships or develop new ones. If any of our foundry subcontractors or we experience significant delays in this transition or fail to efficiently implement this transition, we could experience reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses, all of which could harm our relationships with our customers and our results of operations. As smaller geometry processes become more prevalent, we expect to continue to integrate greater levels of functionality, as well as customer and third party intellectual property, into our products. However, we may not be able to achieve higher levels of design integration or deliver new integrated products on a timely basis, if at all. Moreover, even if we are able to achieve higher levels of design integration, such integration may have a short-term adverse impact on our results of operations, as we may reduce our revenue by integrating the functionality of multiple chips into a single chip.

 

We are subject to the risks of owning real property.

 

Our U.S. headquarters located in Santa Clara California, our buildings in Singapore, Malaysia, Switzerland and Shanghai, China subject us to the risks of owning real property, which includes:

 

·                  the possibility of environmental contamination and the costs associated with fixing any environmental problems;

 

·                  adverse changes in the value of these properties, due to interest rate changes, changes in the neighborhood in which the property is located, or other factors;

 

·                  the possible need for structural improvements in order to comply with zoning, seismic and other legal or regulatory requirements;

 

·                  the potential disruption of our business and operations arising from or connected with a relocation due to moving to or renovating the facility;

 

·                  increased cash commitments for improvements to the buildings or the property or both;

 

·                  increased operating expenses for the buildings or the property or both;

 

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·                  possible disputes with tenants or other third parties related to the buildings or the property or both; and

 

·                  the risk of financial loss in excess of amounts covered by insurance, or uninsured risks, such as the loss caused by damage to the buildings as a result of earthquakes, floods and or other natural disasters.

 

We depend on key personnel with whom we do not have employment agreements to manage our business, and if we are unable to retain our current personnel and hire additional personnel, our ability to develop and successfully market our products could be harmed.

 

We believe our future success will depend in large part upon our ability to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, engineering and sales and marketing personnel. The loss of any key employees or the inability to attract or retain qualified personnel, including engineers and sales and marketing personnel could delay the development and introduction of and harm our ability to sell our products. We do not have employment agreements with any of our key technical personnel, and their knowledge of our business and industry would be extremely difficult to replace.

 

There is currently a shortage of qualified technical personnel with significant experience in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing and sales of integrated circuits. In particular, there is a shortage of engineers who are familiar with the intricacies of the design and manufacture of products based on analog technology, and competition for these engineers is intense. Our key technical personnel represent a significant asset and serve as the source of our technological and product innovations. We may not be successful in attracting and retaining sufficient numbers of technical personnel to support our anticipated growth.

 

A few of our officers own a large percentage of our voting stock, and two of them, together with another employee, are also significant shareholders and are related by blood or marriage. These factors may allow the officers and directors as a group or the three related employees to greatly influence the election of directors and the approval or disapproval of significant corporate actions.

 

Dr. Sehat Sutardja, our President and Chief Executive Officer, and Weili Dai, who serves as our Vice President of Sales for Communications and Consumer Business of MSI, are husband and wife, and Dr. Sehat Sutardja and Dr. Pantas Sutardja, our Vice President, Chief Technology Officer and Chief Research and Development Officer, are brothers. Together, these three individuals held approximately 19.0% of our outstanding common shares as of November 1, 2008. As a result, if these individuals act together, they may significantly influence the election of our directors and the approval or disapproval of any significant corporate actions that require shareholder approval. This influence over our affairs might be adverse to the interests of other shareholders. For instance, the voting power of these individuals could have the effect of delaying or preventing an acquisition of us on terms that other shareholders may desire. Furthermore, we have a classified board, which could also further delay or prevent an acquisition, under certain circumstances.

 

Under Bermuda law, all of our officers, in exercising their powers and discharging their duties, must act honestly and in good faith with a view to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Majority shareholders do not owe fiduciary duties to minority shareholders. As a result, the minority shareholders will not have a direct claim against the majority shareholders in the event the majority shareholders take actions that damage the interests of minority shareholders. Class actions and derivative actions are generally not available to shareholders under the laws of Bermuda, except that Bermuda courts would be expected to follow English case law precedent, which would permit a shareholder to bring an action in our name if the directors or officers are alleged to be acting beyond our corporate power, committing illegal acts or violating our Memorandum of Association or Bye-laws. In addition, minority shareholders would be able to challenge a corporate action that allegedly constituted a fraud against them or required the approval of a greater percentage of our shareholders than actually approved it. The winning party in such an action generally would be able to recover a portion of attorneys’ fees incurred in connection with the action.

 

We face foreign business, political and economic risks, which may harm our results of operations, because a majority of our products and our customers’ products are manufactured and sold outside of the United States.

 

A substantial portion of our business is conducted outside of the United States and, as a result, we are subject to foreign business, political and economic risks. All of our products are manufactured outside of the United States. Our current qualified integrated circuit foundries are located in the same region within Taiwan, and our primary assembly and test subcontractors are located in the Pacific Rim region. In addition, many of our customers are located outside of the United States, primarily in Asia, which further exposes us to foreign risks. Sales to customers located in Asia represented approximately 86% of our net revenue for the nine months ended November 1, 2008, 84% of our net revenue in fiscal 2008 and 89% of our net revenue in fiscal 2007.

 

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We anticipate that our manufacturing, assembly, testing and sales outside of the United States will continue to account for a substantial portion of our operations and revenue in future periods. Accordingly, we are subject to risks associated with international operations, including:

 

·                  difficulties in obtaining domestic and foreign export, import and other governmental approvals, permits and licenses;

 

·                  compliance with foreign laws, and laws and practices that favor local companies;

 

·                  difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;

 

·                  trade restrictions or higher tariffs;

 

·                  transportation delays;

 

·                  difficulties of managing distributors, especially because we expect to continue to increase our sales through international distributors;

 

·                  withholding tax obligations on revenues that we may not be able to offset fully against our U.S. tax obligations, including the further risk that foreign tax authorities may increase tax rates, which could result in increased tax withholdings and penalties;

 

·                  less effective protection of intellectual property than is afforded to us in the United States or other developed countries;

 

·                  political and economic instability, including wars, terrorism, other hostilities and political unrest, boycotts, curtailment of trade and other business restrictions; and

 

·                  inadequate local infrastructure.

 

Moreover, the international nature of our business subjects us to risk associated with the fluctuation of the U.S. dollar versus foreign currencies. Decreases in the value of the U.S. dollar versus currencies in jurisdictions where we have large fixed costs will increase the cost of such operations, which could harm our results of operations. For example, we have large fixed costs in Israel, which become relatively greater if the U.S. dollar declines in value versus the Israeli shekel. On January 27, 2007, the U.S. dollar - Israeli shekel exchange ratio was 4.25, but on November 1, 2008, this exchange ratio had fallen to 3.77. On the other hand, because substantially all of our sales to date have been denominated in U.S. dollars, increases in the value of the U.S. dollar will increase the price of our products so that they become relatively more expensive to customers in the local currency of a particular country, potentially leading to a reduction in sales and profitability for us in that country. A portion of our international revenue may be denominated in foreign currencies in the future, which will subject us to risks associated with fluctuations in exchange rates for those foreign currencies.

 

The average selling prices of products in our markets have historically decreased rapidly and will likely do so in the future, which could harm our revenues and profit margin.

 

The products we develop and sell are used for high volume applications. As a result, the prices of those products have historically decreased rapidly. We may not be able to maintain or improve the gross margins and our gross profits and financial results will suffer if we are unable to offset any reductions in our average selling prices by increasing our efficiency through increasing sales volumes, reducing our costs, or developing new or enhanced products on a timely basis with higher selling prices or profit margin.

 

Additionally, because we do not operate our own manufacturing, assembly or testing facilities, we may not be able to reduce our costs as rapidly as companies that operate their own facilities, and our costs may even increase, which could also reduce our margins. In the past, we have reduced the average selling prices of our products in anticipation of future competitive pricing pressures, new product introductions by us or our competitors and other factors. We expect that we will have to do so again in the future.

 

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We have a lengthy and expensive product sales cycle that does not assure product sales, and that if unsuccessful, may harm our results of operations.

 

The sales cycle for many of our products is long and requires us to invest significant resources with each potential customer without any assurance of sales to that customer. Our sales cycle typically begins with an extended evaluation and test period, also known as qualification, during which our products undergo rigorous reliability testing by our customers.

 

Qualification is typically followed by an extended development period by our customers and an additional three to nine month period before a customer commences volume production of equipment incorporating our products. This lengthy sales cycle creates the risk that our customers will decide to cancel or change product plans for products incorporating our integrated circuits. During our sales cycle, our engineers assist customers in implementing our products into the customers’ products. We incur significant research and development, selling and marketing, general and administrative expenses as part of this process, and this process may never generate related revenues. We derive revenue from this process only if our design is selected. Once a customer selects a particular integrated circuit for use in its storage product, the customer generally uses solely that integrated circuit for a full generation of its product. Therefore, if we do not achieve a design win for a product, we will be unable to sell our integrated circuit to a customer until that customer develops a new product or a new generation of its product. Even if we achieve a design win with a customer, the customer may not ultimately ship products incorporating our products or may cancel orders after we have achieved a sale. In addition, we will have to begin the qualification process again when a customer develops a new generation of a product for which we were the successful supplier for the prior generation.

 

Our typical customer contract does not obligate the customer to any minimum purchase commitment. We may build inventory in anticipation of receiving customer orders, but if such customer demand does not develop as we anticipate, it may become necessary for us to write-off such inventory. Also, during the final production of a mature product, our customers typically exhaust their existing inventory of our integrated circuits. Consequently, orders for our products may decline in those circumstances, even if our products are incorporated into both our customers’ mature and replacement products. A delay in a customer’s transition to commercial production of a replacement product may cause the customer to lose sales, which would delay our ability to recover the lost sales from the discontinued mature product. In addition, customers may defer orders in anticipation of new products or product enhancements from our competitors or us.

 

We must keep pace with rapid technological change and evolving industry standards in the semiconductor industry to remain competitive.

 

Our future success will depend on our ability to anticipate and adapt to changes in technology and industry standards and our customers’ changing demands. We sell products in markets that are characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, frequent new product introductions, short product life cycles and increasing demand for higher levels of integration and smaller process geometries. Our past sales and profitability have resulted, to a large extent, from our ability to anticipate changes in technology and industry standards and to develop and introduce new and enhanced products incorporating the new standards and technologies. Our ability to adapt to these changes and to anticipate future standards, and the rate of adoption and acceptance of those standards, will be a significant factor in maintaining or improving our competitive position and prospects for growth. If new industry standards emerge, our products or our customers’ products could become unmarketable or obsolete, and we could lose market share. We may also have to incur substantial unanticipated costs to comply with these new standards. In addition, our target markets continue to undergo rapid growth and consolidation. A significant slowdown in any of these markets could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our success will also depend on the ability of our customers to develop new products and enhance existing products for the markets we serve and to introduce and promote those products successfully.

 

We may be unable to protect our intellectual property, which would negatively affect our ability to compete.

 

We believe one of our key competitive advantages results from our collection of proprietary technologies that we have developed since our inception. If we fail to protect these intellectual property rights, competitors could sell products based on technology that we have developed that could harm our competitive position and decrease our revenues. We believe that the protection of our intellectual property rights is and will continue to be important to the success of our business. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as nondisclosure agreements and other methods, to protect our proprietary technologies. We also enter into confidentiality or license agreements with our employees, consultants and business partners, and control access to and distribution of our documentation and other proprietary information. We have been issued several U.S. and foreign patents and have a number of pending U.S. and foreign patent applications. However, a patent may not be issued as a result of any applications or, if issued, claims allowed may not be sufficiently broad to protect our technology. In addition, it is possible that existing or future patents

 

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may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. Despite our efforts, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or proprietary technology. Monitoring unauthorized use of our technology is difficult, and the steps that we have taken may not prevent unauthorized use of our technology, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States. If our patents do not adequately protect our technology, our competitors may be able to offer products similar to ours.

 

We may become involved with costly and lengthy litigation, which could subject us to liability, require us to obtain or renew licenses or stop selling our products or force us to redesign our products.

 

Litigation involving patents and other intellectual property is widespread in the high-technology industry and is particularly prevalent in the integrated circuit industry, where a number of companies and other entities aggressively bring numerous infringement claims to assert their patent portfolios. From time to time our subsidiaries and customers receive, and may continue to receive in the future, notices that allege claims of infringement, misappropriation or misuse of the intellectual property rights of third parties. For example, in recent years, multiple claims have been made against our subsidiaries and our customers related to standards-based technologies such as wireless local area networking. In addition, we have certain patent licenses with third parties that are up for renewal in calendar year 2009, and if we cannot successfully renew these licenses, our subsidiaries and customers could face claims of infringement. These claims could result in litigation and/or claims for indemnification, which, in turn, could subject us to significant liability for damages, attorneys fees and costs. Any potential intellectual property litigation also could force us to do one or more of the following:

 

·                  stop selling, offering for sale, making, having made or exporting products or using technology that contains the allegedly infringing intellectual property;

 

·                  limit or restrict the type of work that employees involved in such litigation may perform for us;

 

·                  pay substantial damages and/or license fees and/or royalties to the party claiming infringement that could adversely impact our liquidity or operating results;

 

·                  attempt to obtain or renew licenses to the relevant intellectual property, which licenses may not be available on reasonable terms or at all; and

 

·                  attempt to redesign those products that contain the allegedly infringing intellectual property.

 

For example, three of our subsidiaries filed an action in Texas against Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (“CSIRO”) seeking a declaratory judgment that CSIRO’s patent is invalid and unenforceable and that our subsidiary does not infringe the CSIRO patent.  Furthermore, one of our subsidiaries is a named defendant in a patent infringement lawsuit, also in Texas, filed by Wi-Lan, a Canadian company, which likewise alleges that its asserted patents are infringed.  We believe that our subsidiaries do not infringe any of the asserted Fujitsu, CSIRO or Wi-Lan patents, and we will vigorously defend ourselves in these matters.

 

We and/or our subsidiaries are also parties to other claims and litigation proceedings arising in the normal course of business. The impact on us as a result of such claims and litigation cannot currently be ascertained. Any litigation, regardless of the outcome, is time-consuming and expensive to resolve and can divert management time and attention. There can be no assurance that these matters will be resolved in a manner that is not adverse to our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

 

Our intellectual property indemnification practices may adversely impact our business.

 

Some of our contracts require our subsidiaries to indemnify customers under certain circumstances for various costs and damages of intellectual property infringement. This practice may subject our subsidiaries to significant indemnification claims by our customers or others for the payment of legal expenses and damages should a court find infringement. In the past, our subsidiaries have received notice from customers informing them that they have received allegations from certain patent holders that the inclusion of our chipsets into our customer’s products requires the payment of patent license fees. We cannot assure you that such claims will not be pursued or that these claims, if pursued, would not harm our business.  For example, customers have requested our subsidiaries to indemnify them in connection with a patent infringement lawsuits filed in Texas by CSIRO. Similarly, certain customers have asked one of our subsidiaries to indemnify them in connection with patent infringement lawsuits filed in Texas by Wi-Lan.

 

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We are incorporated in Bermuda, and, as a result, it may not be possible for our shareholders to enforce civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States.

 

We are organized under the laws of Bermuda. As a result, it may not be possible for our shareholders to effect service of process within the United States upon us, or to enforce against us in United States courts judgments based on the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States. Most of our executive officers and directors are residents of the United States. However, there is significant doubt as to whether the courts of Bermuda would recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers based on the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state or hear actions brought in Bermuda against us or those persons based on those laws. The United States and Bermuda do not currently have a treaty providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. Therefore, a final judgment for the payment of money rendered by any federal or state court in the United States based on civil liability, whether or not based solely on United States federal or state securities laws, would not be automatically enforceable in Bermuda.

 

Our Bye-laws contain a waiver of claims or rights of action by our shareholders against our officers and directors, which will severely limit our shareholders’ right to assert a claim against our officers and directors under Bermuda law.

 

Our Bye-laws contain a broad waiver by our shareholders of any claim or right of action, both individually and on our behalf, against any of our officers and directors. The waiver applies to any action taken by an officer or director, or the failure of an officer or director to take any action, in the performance of his or her duties with or for us, other than with respect to any matter involving any fraud or dishonesty on the part of the officer or director. This waiver will limit the rights of our shareholders to assert claims against our officers and directors unless the act complained of involves actual fraud or dishonesty. Thus, so long as acts of business judgment do not involve actual fraud or dishonesty, they will not be subject to shareholder claims under Bermuda law. For example, shareholders will not have claims against officers and directors for a breach of trust, unless the breach rises to the level of actual fraud or dishonesty.

 

Tax benefits we receive may be terminated or reduced in the future, which would increase our costs.

 

Under current Bermuda law, we are not subject to tax on our income and capital gains. We have obtained from the Minister of Finance of Bermuda under the Exempt Undertakings Tax Protection Act 1966, as amended, an undertaking that, in the event that Bermuda enacts any legislation imposing tax computed on income and capital gains, those taxes should not apply to us until March 28, 2016.  However, it is possible that this exemption would not be extended beyond that date.

 

The Economic Development Board of Singapore granted Pioneer Status to our wholly-owned subsidiary in Singapore in July 1999. Initially, this tax exemption was to expire after 10 years, but the Economic Development Board in June 2006 agreed to extend the term to 15 years. As a result, we anticipate that a significant portion of the income we earn in Singapore during this period will be exempt from the Singapore income tax. We are required to meet several requirements as to investment, headcount and activities in Singapore to retain this status. If our Pioneer Status is terminated early, our financial results could be harmed.

 

The Israeli government has granted Approved Enterprise Status to two of our wholly-owned subsidiaries in Israel, which provides a tax holiday on undistributed income derived from operations within certain “development regions” in Israel. In order to maintain our qualification, we must continue to meet specified conditions, including the making of investments in fixed assets in Israel. As our tax holidays expire, we expect that we will start paying income tax on our operations within these development regions.

 

During fiscal 2007, our Switzerland subsidiary received from both the Swiss Federal Department of Economy and the Vaud Cantonal Tax Administration a ten-year tax holiday on a design and research centre and any wafer supply trading activity revenues earned in Switzerland.  Each jurisdiction has separate requirements that need to be met such as the ten-year business requirement and investment in head count, intellectual property, office equipment, software and other expense items.  If the requirements are not met, there would be tax dollars to be paid that may affect our financial condition and results of operations.

 

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Our Bye-laws contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change in corporate control, even if the change in corporate control would benefit our shareholders.

 

Our Bye-laws contain change in corporate control provisions, which include:

 

·                  authorizing the issuance of preferred stock without shareholder approval;

 

·                  providing for a classified board of directors with staggered, three-year terms; and

 

·                  requiring a vote of two-thirds of the outstanding shares to approve any change of corporate control.

 

These changes in corporate control provisions could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would be a benefit to our shareholders.

 

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

 

None.

 

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

 

None.

 

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

 

None.

 

Item 5. Other Information

 

None.

 

Item 6. Exhibits

 

(a)      The following exhibits are filed as part of this report:

 

10.1

 

Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and its Directors and Executive Officers, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on October 10, 2008.

31.1

 

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of Sehat Sutardja Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer.

31.2

 

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of Clyde Hosein, Chief Financial Officer.

32.1*

 

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of Sehat Sutardja Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer.

32.2*

 

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of Clyde Hosein, Chief Financial Officer.

 


*                 In accordance with Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K and SEC Release No. 33-8238 and 34-47986, Final Rule: Management’s Reports on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Certification of Disclosure in Exchange Act Periodic Reports, the certifications furnished in Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Form 10-Q and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act. Such certifications will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

 

MARVELL TECHNOLOGY GROUP LTD.

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 10, 2008

 

By: 

/s/ CLYDE R. HOSEIN

Date

 

Clyde R. Hosein

 

 

Chief Financial Officer

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit
Number

 

Description

 

 

 

10.1

 

Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and its Directors and Executive Officers, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on October 10, 2008.

31.1

 

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of Sehat Sutardja Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer.

31.2

 

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of Clyde Hosein, Chief Financial Officer.

32.1*

 

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of Sehat Sutardja Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer.

32.2*

 

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of Clyde Hosein, Chief Financial Officer.

 

 

 

 


*                 In accordance with Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K and SEC Release No. 33-8238 and 34-47986, Final Rule: Management’s Reports on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Certification of Disclosure in Exchange Act Periodic Reports, the certifications furnished in Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Form 10-Q and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act. Such certifications will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

 

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