UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended October 31, 2013
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________ to ___________
Commission File Number: 000-54342
TUNGSTEN CORP.
(Name of small business issuer as specified in its charter)
Nevada 98-0583175
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
1671 SW 105 Lane, Davie, FL 33324
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(954) 476-4638
(Registrant's Telephone Number, including area code)
Indicate by check whether the registrant (1) filed all reports required to be
filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the past 12
months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such
reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90
days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and
posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required
to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (ss.232.405 of
this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that
the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See
the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller
reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer [ ] Accelerated filer [ ]
Non-accelerated filer [ ] Smaller reporting company [X]
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [ ] No [X]
As of December 13, 2013 there were 68,750,000 shares of the issuer's $0.0001 par
value common stock issued and outstanding.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
----
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements 3
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations 19
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 22
Item 4. Controls and Procedures 22
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings 23
Item 1A. Risk Factors 23
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 23
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities 23
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 23
Item 5. Other Information 23
Item 6. Exhibits 24
2
PART 1 - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
Tungsten Corp.
(An Exploration Stage Company)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
October 31, 2013 January 31, 2013
---------------- ----------------
(Unaudited)
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash $ 54,212 $ 7,163
Prepayments and other current assets 4,000 --
---------- ----------
Total Current Assets 58,212 7,163
---------- ----------
OTHER ASSETS
Mineral properties 924,013 21,291
---------- ----------
Total Other Assets 924,013 21,291
---------- ----------
Total Assets $ 982,225 $ 28,454
========== ==========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 40,036 $ 28,844
Advances from stockholders 99,951 23,000
---------- ----------
Total Current Liabilities 139,987 51,844
---------- ----------
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT):
Preferred stock par value $0.0001: 25,000,000 shares authorized;
none issued or outstanding -- --
Common stock par value $0.0001: 300,000,000 shares authorized;
68,750,000 and 3,000,000 shares issued and outstanding, respectively 6,875 300
Additional paid-in capital 1,298,284 (299)
Deficit accumulated during the exploration stage (462,921) (23,391)
---------- ----------
Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) 842,238 (23,390)
---------- ----------
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) $ 982,225 $ 28,454
========== ==========
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
3
Tungsten Corp.
(An Exploration Stage Company)
Consolidated Statements of Operations
For the For the
Period from Period from
For the For the October 30, 2012 October 30, 2012
three months nine months (inception) (inception)
Ended Ended through through
October 31, October 31, October 31, October 31,
2013 2013 2012 2013
------------ ------------ ------------- ------------
(Unaudited) (Unaudited) (Unaudited) (Unaudited)
Revenue earned during the exploration stage $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Cost of exploration
Exploration costs 52,814 73,565 -- 95,695
------------ ------------ ------------- ------------
Total cost of exploration 52,814 73,565 -- 95,695
------------ ------------ ------------- ------------
Gross margin (52,814) (73,565) -- (95,695)
Operating expenses
Director's fees 50,625 101,250 -- 101,250
Officers' compensation 27,000 72,067 -- 72,067
Professional fees 11,595 99,085 -- 100,212
General and administrative expenses 17,197 93,563 -- 93,697
------------ ------------ ------------- ------------
Total operating expenses 106,417 365,965 -- 367,226
------------ ------------ ------------- ------------
Loss before income tax provision (159,231) (439,530) -- (462,921)
------------ ------------ ------------- ------------
Income tax provision -- -- -- --
------------ ------------ ------------- ------------
Net loss $ (159,231) $ (439,530) $ -- $ (462,921)
============ ============ ============= ============
Net loss per common share
- basic and diluted $ (0.00) $ (0.01) $ 0.00
============ ============ =============
Weighted average common shares outstanding
- basic and diluted 68,750,000 52,573,700 3,000,000
============ ============ =============
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
4
Tungsten Corp.
(An Exploration Stage Company)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the October 30, 2012 October 30, 2012
nine months (inception) (inception)
Ended through through
October 31, October 31, October 31,
2013 2012 2013
---------- ---------- ----------
(Unaudited) (Unaudited) (Unaudited)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss $ (439,530) $ -- $ (462,921)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net
cash used in operating activities
Stock-based compensation 101,250 -- 101,250
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepayments and other current assets (4,000) -- (4,000)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 11,192 -- 40,036
---------- ---------- ----------
NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES (331,088) -- (325,635)
---------- ---------- ----------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Cash used in acquisition (46,092) -- (46,092)
Acquisition of mineral property claims (152,722) -- (174,013)
---------- ---------- ----------
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES (198,814) -- (220,105)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Amounts received from (paid to) stockholders 76,951 -- 99,951
Proceeds from sale of common stock 500,000 -- 500,001
---------- ---------- ----------
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES 576,951 -- 599,952
---------- ---------- ----------
NET CHANGE IN CASH 47,049 -- 54,212
Cash at beginning of period 7,163 -- --
---------- ---------- ----------
Cash at end of period $ 54,212 $ -- $ 54,212
========== ========== ==========
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:
Interest paid $ -- $ -- $ --
========== ========== ==========
Income tax paid $ $ -- $ --
========== ========== ==========
NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Common stock issued for mineral property claims $ 607,500 $ -- $ 607,500
========== ========== ==========
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
5
Tungsten Corp.
(An Exploration Stage Company)
October 31, 2013 and 2012
Notes to the Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS
ONLINE TELE-SOLUTIONS, INC.
Online Tele-Solutions, Inc. ("Online Tele-Solutions") was incorporated under the
laws of the State of Nevada on June 5, 2008. Initial operations have included
organization and incorporation, target market identification, marketing plans,
and capital formation. A substantial portion of the Company's activities had
involved developing a business plan and establishing contacts and visibility in
the marketplace. The Company has generated no revenues since inception.
CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT TO THE ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
On March 9, 2012, the Board of Directors and the consenting stockholders adopted
and approved a resolution to (i) amend the Company's Articles of Incorporation
to (a) increase the number of shares of authorized common stock from 50,000,000
to 300,000,000; (b) create 25,000,000 shares of "blank check" preferred stock
with a par value of $0.0001 per share; (c) change the par value of the common
stock from $0.001 per share to $0.0001 per share; and (ii) effectuate a forward
split of all issued and outstanding shares of common stock, at a ratio of
thirty-for-one (30:1) (the "Stock Split").
CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT TO THE ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
On November 14, 2012, the Board of Directors of Online Tele-Solutions and two
(2) stockholders holding an aggregate of 45,600,000 shares of common stock
issued and outstanding as of November 6, 2012, approved and consented, in
writing, to effectuate an amendment to the Company's Articles of Incorporation
to change the name of Online Tele-Solutions to "Tungsten Corp." the "Company").
NEVADA TUNGSTEN HOLDINGS LTD.
Nevada Tungsten Holdings Ltd. ("Tungsten") was incorporated on October 30, 2012
under the laws of the State of Nevada. Tungsten intends to engage in the
exploration of certain tungsten interests in the State of Nevada.
REVERSE ACQUISITION AND CHANGE IN SCOPE OF BUSINESS
On April 8, 2013, the Company closed a voluntary share exchange transaction
pursuant to a stock exchange agreement ("SEA") with Guy Martin and Nevada
Tungsten Holdings Ltd. Pursuant to the terms of the SEA, the Company acquired
all of the issued and outstanding shares of Nevada Tungsten Holdings Ltd.'s
common stock from Guy Martin. The sole asset of Nevada Tungsten Holdings Ltd. is
an option to acquire all tungsten rights in regards to 32 patented and
unpatented mining claims situated in White Pine Country, Nevada pursuant to an
option agreement by and between Viscount Nevada Holdings Ltd. (the "Optionor")
and Nevada Tungsten Holdings Ltd. (the "Option Agreement").
Immediately prior to the Share Exchange Transaction on April 8, 2013, the
Company had 66,000,000 common shares issued and outstanding. Simultaneously with
the Closing of the Share Exchange Agreement, on the Closing Date, the Company's
then majority stockholder surrendered 3,000,000 shares of the Company's common
stock to the Company for cancellation.
As a result of the Share Exchange Agreement, the Company issued 3,000,000 common
shares for the acquisition of 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of
Tungsten. Even though the shares issued only represented approximately 4.3% of
the issued and outstanding common stock immediately after the consummation of
the Share Exchange Agreement the stockholder of Tungsten completely took over
and controlled the board of directors and management of the Company upon
acquisition.
As a result of the change in control to the then Tungsten Stockholder, for
financial statement reporting purposes, the merger between the Company and
Tungsten has been treated as a reverse acquisition with Tungsten deemed the
accounting acquirer and the Company deemed the accounting acquiree under the
acquisition method of accounting in accordance with section 805-10-55 of the
FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The reverse acquisition is deemed a
capital transaction and the net assets of Tungsten (the accounting acquirer) are
carried forward to the Company (the legal acquirer and the reporting entity) at
their carrying value before the acquisition. The acquisition process utilizes
the capital structure of the Company and the assets and liabilities of Tungsten
6
which are recorded at their historical cost. The equity of the Company is the
historical equity of Tungsten retroactively restated to reflect the number of
shares issued by the Company in the transaction.
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT AND CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Management of the Company is responsible for the selection and use of
appropriate accounting policies and the appropriateness of accounting policies
and their application. Critical accounting policies and practices are those that
are both most important to the portrayal of the Company's financial condition
and results and require management's most difficult, subjective, or complex
judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effects of
matters that are inherently uncertain. The Company's significant and critical
accounting policies and practices are disclosed below as required by generally
accepted accounting principles.
BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements and related notes have
been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information, and
with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission ("SEC") to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly,
they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP
for complete financial statements. The unaudited interim financial statements
furnished reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals)
which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to a fair statement of the
results for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily
indicative of the results for the full year. These unaudited interim financial
statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements of Nevada
Tungsten Holdings Ltd. for the period from October 30, 2012 (inception) through
January 31, 2013 and notes thereto contained in the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 10, 2013.
EXPLORATION STAGE COMPANY
The Company is an exploration stage company as defined by section 915-10-20 of
the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards
Codification. The Company is devoting substantially all of its efforts to
establishing the business and its planned principal operations have not
commenced. All losses accumulated since inception, have been considered as part
of the Company's exploration stage activities.
FISCAL YEAR-END
The Company elected January 31st as its fiscal year ending date.
PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The Company applies the guidance of Topic 810 "CONSOLIDATION" of the FASB
Accounting Standards Codification to determine whether and how to consolidate
another entity. Pursuant to ASC Paragraph 810-10-15-10 all majority-owned
subsidiaries--all entities in which a parent has a controlling financial
interest--shall be consolidated except (1) when control does not rest with the
parent, the majority owner; (2) if the parent is a broker-dealer within the
scope of Topic 940 and control is likely to be temporary; (3) consolidation by
an investment company within the scope of Topic 946 of a non-investment-company
investee. Pursuant to ASC Paragraph 810-10-15-8 the usual condition for a
controlling financial interest is ownership of a majority voting interest, and,
therefore, as a general rule ownership by one reporting entity, directly or
indirectly, of more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting shares of another
entity is a condition pointing toward consolidation. The power to control may
also exist with a lesser percentage of ownership, for example, by contract,
lease, agreement with other stockholders, or by court decree. The Company
consolidates all less-than-majority-owned subsidiaries, if any, in which the
parent's power to control exists.
The Company's consolidated subsidiary and/or entity is as follows:
Date of incorporation
or formation
Name of consolidated State or other jurisdiction of (date of acquisition,
subsidiary or entity incorporation or organization if applicable) Attributable interest
-------------------- ----------------------------- -------------- ---------------------
Nevada Tungsten Holdings Ltd. The State of Nevada October 30, 2012 100%
(April 8, 2013)
The consolidated financial statements include all accounts of the Company as of
October 31, 2013 and for the period from April 8, 2013 (date of acquisition)
through October 31, 2013; and Nevada Tungsten Holdings Ltd. as of October 31,
2013 and 2012, for the interim period ended October 31, 2013, for the period
from October 30, 2012 (inception) through October 31, 2012; and for the period
from October 30, 2012 (inception) through October 31, 2013.
7
All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated.
USE OF ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS AND CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND
ASSUMPTIONS
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date(s)
of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses
during the reporting period(s).
Critical accounting estimates are estimates for which (a) the nature of the
estimate is material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to
account for highly uncertain matters or the susceptibility of such matters to
change and (b) the impact of the estimate on financial condition or operating
performance is material. The Company's critical accounting estimates and
assumptions affecting the financial statements were:
(i) ASSUMPTION AS A GOING CONCERN: Management assumes that the Company
will continue as a going concern, which contemplates continuity of
operations, realization of assets, and liquidation of liabilities in
the normal course of business;
(ii) VALUATION ALLOWANCE FOR DEFERRED TAX ASSETS: Management assumes that
the realization of the Company's net deferred tax assets resulting
from its net operating loss ("NOL") carry-forwards for Federal income
tax purposes that may be offset against future taxable income was not
considered more likely than not and accordingly, the potential tax
benefits of the net loss carry-forwards are offset by a full valuation
allowance. Management made this assumption based on (a) the Company
has incurred recurring losses, (b) general economic conditions, and
(c) its ability to raise additional funds to support its daily
operations by way of a public or private offering, among other
factors.
These significant accounting estimates or assumptions bear the risk of change
due to the fact that there are uncertainties attached to these estimates or
assumptions, and certain estimates or assumptions are difficult to measure or
value.
Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various
assumptions that are believed to be reasonable in relation to the financial
statements taken as a whole under the circumstances, the results of which form
the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and
liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.
Management regularly evaluates the key factors and assumptions used to develop
the estimates utilizing currently available information, changes in facts and
circumstances, historical experience and reasonable assumptions. After such
evaluations, if deemed appropriate, those estimates are adjusted accordingly.
Actual results could differ from those estimates.
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company follows paragraph 820-10-35-37 of the FASB Accounting Standards
Codification ("Paragraph 820-10-35-37") to measure the fair value of its
financial instruments and paragraph 825-10-50-10 of the FASB Accounting
Standards Codification for disclosures about fair value of its financial
instruments. Paragraph 820-10-35-37 establishes a framework for measuring fair
value in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America (U.S. GAAP), and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. To
increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and related
disclosures, Paragraph 820-10-35-37 establishes a fair value hierarchy which
prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into
three (3) broad levels. The three (3) levels of fair value hierarchy defined by
Paragraph 820-10-35-37 are described below:
Level 1 Quoted market prices available in active markets for identical assets
or liabilities as of the reporting date.
Level 2 Pricing inputs other than quoted prices in active markets included in
Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the
reporting date.
Level 3 Pricing inputs that are generally observable inputs and not
corroborated by market data.
Financial assets are considered Level 3 when their fair values are determined
using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques
and at least one significant model assumption or input is unobservable.
8
The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices
(unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the
lowest priority to unobservable inputs. If the inputs used to measure the
financial assets and liabilities fall within more than one level described
above, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant
to the fair value measurement of the instrument.
The carrying amounts of the Company's financial assets and liabilities, such as
cash, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values
because of the short maturity of these instruments.
Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on
an arm's-length basis, as the requisite conditions of competitive, free-market
dealings may not exist. Representations about transactions with related parties,
if made, shall not imply that the related party transactions were consummated on
terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm's-length transactions unless such
representations can be substantiated.
CARRYING VALUE, RECOVERABILITY AND IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS
The Company has adopted paragraph 360-10-35-17 of the FASB Accounting Standards
Codification for its long-lived assets. The Company's long-lived assets, which
include mineral properties, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or
changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not
be recoverable.
The Company assesses the recoverability of its long-lived assets by comparing
the projected undiscounted net cash flows associated with the related long-lived
asset or group of long-lived assets over their remaining estimated useful lives
against their respective carrying amounts. Impairment, if any, is based on the
excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets. Fair value is
generally determined using the asset's expected future discounted cash flows or
market value, if readily determinable. If long-lived assets are determined to be
recoverable, but the newly determined remaining estimated useful lives are
shorter than originally estimated, the net book values of the long-lived assets
are depreciated over the newly determined remaining estimated useful lives.
The Company considers the following to be some examples of important indicators
that may trigger an impairment review: (i) significant under-performance or
losses of assets relative to expected historical or projected future operating
results; (ii) significant changes in the manner or use of assets or in the
Company's overall strategy with respect to the manner or use of the acquired
assets or changes in the Company's overall business strategy; (iii) significant
negative industry or economic trends; (iv) increased competitive pressures; and
(v) regulatory changes. The Company evaluates acquired assets for potential
impairment indicators at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence
of such events.
Management periodically reviews the recoverability of the capitalized mineral
properties. Management will take into consideration various information
including, but not limited to, historical production records taken from previous
mine operations, results of exploration activities conducted to date, estimated
future prices and reports and opinions of outside consultants. When a
determination has been made that a project or property will be abandoned, or its
carrying value has been impaired, a provision is made for any expected loss on
the project or property.
CASH EQUIVALENTS
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three
months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.
MINERAL PROPERTIES
The Company follows Section 930 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification
for its mineral properties. Mineral properties and related mineral rights
acquisition costs are capitalized pending determination of whether the drilling
has found proved reserves. If a mineral ore body is discovered, capitalized
costs will be amortized on a unit-of-production basis following the commencement
of production. Otherwise, capitalized acquisition costs are expensed when it is
determined that the mineral property has no future economic value. General
exploration costs and costs to maintain rights and leases, including rights of
access to lands for geophysical work and salaries, equipment, and supplies for
geologists and geophysical crews are expensed as incurred. When it is determined
that a mining deposit can be economically and legally extracted or produced
based on established proven and probable reserves, further exploration costs and
development costs as well as interest costs relating to exploration and
development projects that require greater than six (6) months to be readied for
their intended use incurred after such determination will be capitalized. The
establishment of proven and probable reserves is based on results of final
feasibility studies which indicate whether a property is economically feasible.
Upon commencement of commercial production, capitalized costs will be
transferred to the appropriate asset categories and amortized on a
unit-of-production basis. Capitalized costs, net of salvage values, relating to
a deposit which is abandoned or considered uneconomic for the foreseeable future
will be written off. The sale of a partial interest in a proved property is
accounted for as a cost recovery and no gain or loss is recognized as long as
this treatment does not significantly affect the unit-of-production amortization
rate. A gain or loss will be recognized for all other sales of proved properties
9
and will be classified in other operating revenues. Maintenance and repairs are
charged to expense, and renewals and betterments are capitalized to the
appropriate property and equipment accounts.
The provision for depreciation, depletion and amortization ("DD&A") of mineral
properties will be calculated on a property-by-property basis using the
unit-of-production method. Taken into consideration in the calculation of DD&A
are estimated future dismantlement, restoration and abandonment costs, which are
net of estimated salvage values. Upon becoming fully amortized, the related cost
and accumulated amortization are removed from the accounts.
To date, the Company has not established the commercial feasibility of any
exploration prospects; therefore, all general exploration costs, if any, are
being expensed.
MINERAL EXPLORATION AND MINE DEVELOPMENT COSTS
All mineral exploration and pre-extraction expenditures are expensed as incurred
until such time the Company exits the Exploration Stage by establishing proven
or probable reserves. Mine development costs incurred to develop mineral
deposits, to expand the capacity of mines or to develop mine areas substantially
in advance of production are capitalized once proven and probable reserves
exist, and the property is determined to be a commercially mineable property.
Costs incurred to maintain current production or to maintain assets on a standby
basis are charged to operations. If the Company does not continue with
exploration after the completion of the feasibility study, the cost of mineral
rights will be expensed at that time. Costs of abandoned projects, including
related property and equipment costs, are charged to mining costs.
RESTORATION COSTS (ASSET RETIREMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL OBLIGATIONS)
Various federal and state mining laws and regulations require the Company to
reclaim the surface areas and restore underground water quality for its mine
projects to the pre-existing mine area average quality after the completion of
mining.
In accordance with ASC 410, Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations, the
Company capitalizes the measured fair value of asset retirement and
environmental obligations to mineral rights and properties. ASC 410 requires the
Company to record a liability for the present value of the estimated future site
restoration and environmental remediation costs with corresponding increase to
the carrying amount of the related mineral rights and properties. The asset
retirement and environmental obligations are accreted to an undiscounted value
until the time at which they are expected to be settled. The accretion expense
is charged to earnings and the actual retirement costs are recorded against the
asset retirement obligations when incurred. Any difference between the recorded
asset retirement obligations and the actual retirement costs incurred will be
recorded as a gain or loss in the period of settlement.
Environmental expenditures that relate to ongoing environmental and reclamation
programs will be charged against statements of operations as incurred or
capitalized and amortized depending upon their future economic benefits. Future
site restoration and environmental remediation costs, which include extraction
equipment removal, site restoration and environmental remediation, are accrued
at the end of each reporting period based on management's best estimate of the
costs expected to be incurred for each project. Such estimates are determined by
the Company's engineering studies which consider the costs of future surface and
groundwater activities, current regulations, actual expenses incurred, and
technology and industry standards.
On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews the assumptions used to estimate the
expected cash flows required to settle the asset retirement obligations,
including changes in estimated probabilities, amounts and timing of the
settlement of the asset retirement and environmental obligations, as well as
changes in the legal obligation requirements at each of its mineral projects.
Changes in any one or more of these assumptions may cause revision of asset
retirement obligations for the corresponding assets.
The Company does not currently anticipate any material capital expenditures for
site restoration costs and considers the estimated future site restoration costs
to be minimal and so the present value of the same at October 31, 2013 as all of
its mineral properties are at early stages of exploration.
RELATED PARTIES
The Company follows subtopic 850-10 of the FASB Accounting Standards
Codification for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related
party transactions.
Pursuant to Section 850-10-20 the Related parties include a. affiliates of the
Company; b. Entities for which investments in their equity securities would be
required, absent the election of the fair value option under the Fair Value
Option Subsection of Section 825-10-15, to be accounted for by the equity method
by the investing entity; c. trusts for the benefit of employees, such as pension
and profit-sharing trusts that are managed by or under the trusteeship of
10
management; d. principal owners of the Company; e. management of the Company; f.
other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can
significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an
extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully
pursuing its own separate interests; and g. Other parties that can significantly
influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or
that have an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can
significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the
transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate
interests.
The financial statements shall include disclosures of material related party
transactions, other than compensation arrangements, expense allowances, and
other similar items in the ordinary course of business. However, disclosure of
transactions that are eliminated in the preparation of consolidated or combined
financial statements is not required in those statements. The disclosures shall
include: a. the nature of the relationship(s) involved; b. a description of the
transactions, including transactions to which no amounts or nominal amounts were
ascribed, for each of the periods for which income statements are presented, and
such other information deemed necessary to an understanding of the effects of
the transactions on the financial statements; c. the dollar amounts of
transactions for each of the periods for which income statements are presented
and the effects of any change in the method of establishing the terms from that
used in the preceding period; and d. amounts due from or to related parties as
of the date of each balance sheet presented and, if not otherwise apparent, the
terms and manner of settlement.
COMMITMENT AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company follows subtopic 450-20 of the FASB Accounting Standards
Codification to report accounting for contingencies. Certain conditions may
exist as of the date the consolidated financial statements are issued, which may
result in a loss to the Company but which will only be resolved when one or more
future events occur or fail to occur. The Company assesses such contingent
liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In
assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending
against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings,
the Company evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or
unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought
or expected to be sought therein.
If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material
loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then
the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company's consolidated financial
statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss
contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but
cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, and an
estimate of the range of possible losses, if determinable and material, would be
disclosed.
Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they
involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed. Management
does not believe, based upon information available at this time, that these
matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated
financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, there is no
assurance that such matters will not materially and adversely affect the
Company's business, financial position, and results of operations or cash flows.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
The Company follows paragraph 605-10-S99-1 of the FASB Accounting Standards
Codification for revenue recognition. The Company will recognize revenue when it
is realized or realizable and earned. The Company considers revenue realized or
realizable and earned when all of the following criteria are met: (i) persuasive
evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) the product has been shipped or the
services have been rendered to the customer, (iii) the sales price is fixed or
determinable, and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION FOR OBTAINING EMPLOYEE SERVICES
The Company accounts for its stock based compensation in which the Company
obtains employee services in share-based payment transactions under the
recognition and measurement principles of the fair value recognition provisions
of section 718-10-30 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. Pursuant to
paragraph 718-10-30-6 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, all
transactions in which goods or services are the consideration received for the
issuance of equity instruments are accounted for based on the fair value of the
consideration received or the fair value of the equity instrument issued,
whichever is more reliably measurable. The measurement date used to determine
the fair value of the equity instrument issued is the earlier of the date on
which the performance is complete or the date on which it is probable that
performance will occur. If the Company is a newly formed corporation or shares
of the Company are thinly traded the use of share prices established in the
Company's most recent private placement memorandum ("PPM"), or weekly or monthly
price observations would generally be more appropriate than the use of daily
price observations as such shares could be artificially inflated due to a larger
spread between the bid and asked quotes and lack of consistent trading in the
market.
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The fair value of share options and similar instruments is estimated on the date
of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing valuation model. The ranges of
assumptions for inputs are as follows:
* Expected term of share options and similar instruments: The expected life
of options and similar instruments represents the period of time the option
and/or warrant are expected to be outstanding. Pursuant to Paragraph
718-10-50-2(f)(2)(i) of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification the
expected term of share options and similar instruments represents the
period of time the options and similar instruments are expected to be
outstanding taking into consideration of the contractual term of the
instruments and employees' expected exercise and post-vesting employment
termination behavior into the fair value (or calculated value) of the
instruments. Pursuant to paragraph 718-10-S99-1, it may be appropriate to
use the SIMPLIFIED METHOD, I.E., EXPECTED TERM = ((VESTING TERM + ORIGINAL
CONTRACTUAL TERM) / 2), if (i) A company does not have sufficient
historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to
estimate expected term due to the limited period of time its equity shares
have been publicly traded; (ii) A company significantly changes the terms
of its share option grants or the types of employees that receive share
option grants such that its historical exercise data may no longer provide
a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term; or (iii) A company
has or expects to have significant structural changes in its business such
that its historical exercise data may no longer provide a reasonable basis
upon which to estimate expected term. The Company uses the simplified
method to calculate expected term of share options and similar instruments
as the company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide
a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term.
* Expected volatility of the entity's shares and the method used to estimate
it. Pursuant to ASC Paragraph 718-10-50-2(f)(2)(ii) a thinly-traded or
nonpublic entity that uses the calculated value method shall disclose the
reasons why it is not practicable for the Company to estimate the expected
volatility of its share price, the appropriate industry sector index that
it has selected, the reasons for selecting that particular index, and how
it has calculated historical volatility using that index. The Company uses
the average historical volatility of the comparable companies over the
expected contractual life of the share options or similar instruments as
its expected volatility. If shares of a company are thinly traded the use
of weekly or monthly price observations would generally be more appropriate
than the use of daily price observations as the volatility calculation
using daily observations for such shares could be artificially inflated due
to a larger spread between the bid and asked quotes and lack of consistent
trading in the market.
* Expected annual rate of quarterly dividends. An entity that uses a method
that employs different dividend rates during the contractual term shall
disclose the range of expected dividends used and the weighted-average
expected dividends. The expected dividend yield is based on the Company's
current dividend yield as the best estimate of projected dividend yield for
periods within the expected term of the share options and similar
instruments.
* Risk-free rate(s). An entity that uses a method that employs different
risk-free rates shall disclose the range of risk-free rates used. The
risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect
at the time of grant for periods within the expected term of the share
options and similar instruments.
The Company's policy is to recognize compensation cost for awards with only
service conditions and a graded vesting schedule on a straight-line basis over
the requisite service period for the entire award.
EQUITY INSTRUMENTS ISSUED TO PARTIES OTHER THAN EMPLOYEES FOR ACQUIRING GOODS OR
SERVICES
The Company accounts for equity instruments issued to parties other than
employees for acquiring goods or services under guidance of Sub-topic 505-50 of
the FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("Sub-topic 505-50").
Pursuant to ASC Section 505-50-30, all transactions in which goods or services
are the consideration received for the issuance of equity instruments are
accounted for based on the fair value of the consideration received or the fair
value of the equity instrument issued, whichever is more reliably measurable.
The measurement date used to determine the fair value of the equity instrument
issued is the earlier of the date on which the performance is complete or the
date on which it is probable that performance will occur. If shares of the
Company are thinly traded the use of share prices established in the Company's
most recent private placement memorandum ("PPM"), or weekly or monthly price
observations would generally be more appropriate than the use of daily price
observations as such shares could be artificially inflated due to a larger
spread between the bid and asked quotes and lack of consistent trading in the
market.
The fair value of share options and similar instruments is estimated on the date
of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing valuation model. The ranges of
assumptions for inputs are as follows:
* Expected term of share options and similar instruments: Pursuant to
Paragraph 718-10-50-2(f)(2)(i) of the FASB Accounting Standards
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Codification the expected term of share options and similar instruments
represents the period of time the options and similar instruments are
expected to be outstanding taking into consideration of the contractual
term of the instruments and holder's expected exercise behavior into the
fair value (or calculated value) of the instruments. The Company uses
historical data to estimate holder's expected exercise behavior. If the
Company is a newly formed corporation or shares of the Company are thinly
traded the contractual term of the share options and similar instruments is
used as the expected term of share options and similar instruments as the
Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a
reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term.
* Expected volatility of the entity's shares and the method used to estimate
it. Pursuant to ASC Paragraph 718-10-50-2(f)(2)(ii) a thinly-traded or
nonpublic entity that uses the calculated value method shall disclose the
reasons why it is not practicable for the Company to estimate the expected
volatility of its share price, the appropriate industry sector index that
it has selected, the reasons for selecting that particular index, and how
it has calculated historical volatility using that index. The Company uses
the average historical volatility of the comparable companies over the
expected contractual life of the share options or similar instruments as
its expected volatility. If shares of a company are thinly traded the use
of weekly or monthly price observations would generally be more appropriate
than the use of daily price observations as the volatility calculation
using daily observations for such shares could be artificially inflated due
to a larger spread between the bid and asked quotes and lack of consistent
trading in the market.
* Expected annual rate of quarterly dividends. An entity that uses a method
that employs different dividend rates during the contractual term shall
disclose the range of expected dividends used and the weighted-average
expected dividends. The expected dividend yield is based on the Company's
current dividend yield as the best estimate of projected dividend yield for
periods within the expected term of the share options and similar
instruments.
* Risk-free rate(s). An entity that uses a method that employs different
risk-free rates shall disclose the range of risk-free rates used. The
risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect
at the time of grant for periods within the expected term of the share
options and similar instruments.
Pursuant to ASC paragraph 505-50-25-7, if fully vested, non-forfeitable equity
instruments are issued at the date the grantor and grantee enter into an
agreement for goods or services (no specific performance is required by the
grantee to retain those equity instruments), then, because of the elimination of
any obligation on the part of the counterparty to earn the equity instruments, a
measurement date has been reached. A grantor shall recognize the equity
instruments when they are issued (in most cases, when the agreement is entered
into). Whether the corresponding cost is an immediate expense or a prepaid asset
(or whether the debit should be characterized as contra-equity under the
requirements of paragraph 505-50-45-1) depends on the specific facts and
circumstances. Pursuant to ASC paragraph 505-50-45-1, a grantor may conclude
that an asset (other than a note or a receivable) has been received in return
for fully vested, non-forfeitable equity instruments that are issued at the date
the grantor and grantee enter into an agreement for goods or services (and no
specific performance is required by the grantee in order to retain those equity
instruments). Such an asset shall not be displayed as contra-equity by the
grantor of the equity instruments. The transferability (or lack thereof) of the
equity instruments shall not affect the balance sheet display of the asset. This
guidance is limited to transactions in which equity instruments are transferred
to other than employees in exchange for goods or services. Section 505-50-30
provides guidance on the determination of the measurement date for transactions
that are within the scope of this Subtopic.
Pursuant to Paragraphs 505-50-25-8 and 505-50-25-9, an entity may grant fully
vested, non-forfeitable equity instruments that are exercisable by the grantee
only after a specified period of time if the terms of the agreement provide for
earlier exercisability if the grantee achieves specified performance conditions.
Any measured cost of the transaction shall be recognized in the same period(s)
and in the same manner as if the entity had paid cash for the goods or services
or used cash rebates as a sales discount instead of paying with, or using, the
equity instruments. A recognized asset, expense, or sales discount shall not be
reversed if a stock option that the counterparty has the right to exercise
expires unexercised.
Pursuant to ASC paragraph 505-50-30-S99-1, if the Company receives a right to
receive future services in exchange for unvested, forfeitable equity
instruments, those equity instruments are treated as unissued for accounting
purposes until the future services are received (that is, the instruments are
not considered issued until they vest). Consequently, there would be no
recognition at the measurement date and no entry should be recorded.
INCOME TAX PROVISION
The Company accounts for income taxes under Section 740-10-30 of the FASB
Accounting Standards Codification, which requires recognition of deferred tax
assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that
have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this
method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are based on the differences between
the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted
13
tax rates in effect for the fiscal year in which the differences are expected to
reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent
management concludes it is more likely than not that the assets will not be
realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax
rates expected to apply to taxable income in the fiscal years in which those
temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on
deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in
the Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income in the period that includes
the enactment date.
The Company adopted section 740-10-25 of the FASB Accounting Standards
Codification ("Section 740-10-25") with regards to uncertainty income taxes.
Section 740-10-25 addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or
expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial
statements. Under Section 740-10-25, the Company may recognize the tax benefit
from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax
position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on
the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the
financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the
largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent (50%) likelihood of being
realized upon ultimate settlement. Section 740-10-25 also provides guidance on
de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes,
accounting in interim periods and requires increased disclosures.
The estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the tax basis
of assets and liabilities are reported in the accompanying consolidated balance
sheets, as well as tax credit carry-backs and carry-forwards. The Company
periodically reviews the recoverability of deferred tax assets recorded on its
consolidated balance sheets and provides valuation allowances as management
deems necessary.
Management makes judgments as to the interpretation of the tax laws that might
be challenged upon an audit and cause changes to previous estimates of tax
liability. In addition, the Company operates within multiple taxing
jurisdictions and is subject to audit in these jurisdictions. In management's
opinion, adequate provisions for income taxes have been made for all years. If
actual taxable income by tax jurisdiction varies from estimates, additional
allowances or reversals of reserves may be necessary.
UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS
The Company did not take any uncertain tax positions and had no adjustments to
unrecognized income tax liabilities or benefits pursuant to the provisions of
Section 740-10-25 for the interim period ended October 31, 2013 or 2012.
LIMITATION ON UTILIZATION OF NOLS DUE TO CHANGE IN CONTROL
Pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code Section 382 ("Section 382"), certain
ownership changes may subject the NOL's to annual limitations which could reduce
or defer the NOL. Section 382 imposes limitations on a corporation's ability to
utilize NOLs if it experiences an "ownership change." In general terms, an
ownership change may result from transactions increasing the ownership of
certain stockholders in the stock of a corporation by more than 50 percentage
points over a three-year period. In the event of an ownership change,
utilization of the NOLs would be subject to an annual limitation under Section
382 determined by multiplying the value of its stock at the time of the
ownership change by the applicable long-term tax-exempt rate. Any unused annual
limitation may be carried over to later years. The imposition of this limitation
on its ability to use the NOLs to offset future taxable income could cause the
Company to pay U.S. federal income taxes earlier than if such limitation were
not in effect and could cause such NOLs to expire unused, reducing or
eliminating the benefit of such NOLs.
NET INCOME (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE
Net income (loss) per common share is computed pursuant to section 260-10-45 of
the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. Basic net income (loss) per common
share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number
of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income
(loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the
weighted average number of shares of common stock and potentially outstanding
shares of common stock during the period to reflect the potential dilution that
could occur from common shares issuable through stock options and warrants.
There were no potentially outstanding dilutive common shares for the interim
period ended October 31, 2013 or 2012.
CASH FLOWS REPORTING
The Company adopted paragraph 230-10-45-24 of the FASB Accounting Standards
Codification for cash flows reporting, classifies cash receipts and payments
according to whether they stem from operating, investing, or financing
activities and provides definitions of each category, and uses the indirect or
reconciliation method ("Indirect method") as defined by paragraph 230-10-45-25
of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification to report net cash flow from
operating activities by adjusting net income to reconcile it to net cash flow
from operating activities by removing the effects of (a) all deferrals of past
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operating cash receipts and payments and all accruals of expected future
operating cash receipts and payments and (b) all items that are included in net
income that do not affect operating cash receipts and payments. The Company
reports the reporting currency equivalent of foreign currency cash flows, using
the current exchange rate at the time of the cash flows and the effect of
exchange rate changes on cash held in foreign currencies is reported as a
separate item in the reconciliation of beginning and ending balances of cash and
cash equivalents and separately provides information about investing and
financing activities not resulting in cash receipts or payments in the period
pursuant to paragraph 830-230-45-1 of the FASB Accounting Standards
Codification.
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company follows the guidance in Section 855-10-50 of the FASB Accounting
Standards Codification for the disclosure of subsequent events. The Company will
evaluate subsequent events through the date when the financial statements were
issued. Pursuant to ASU 2010-09 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification,
the Company as an SEC filer considers its financial statements issued when they
are widely distributed to users, such as through filing them on EDGAR.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In January 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-01, "BALANCE SHEET (TOPIC 210):
CLARIFYING THE SCOPE OF DISCLOSURES ABOUT OFFSETTING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES".
This ASU clarifies that the scope of ASU No. 2011-11, "BALANCE SHEET (TOPIC
210): DISCLOSURES ABOUT OFFSETTING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES." applies only to
derivatives, repurchase agreements and reverse purchase agreements, and
securities borrowing and securities lending transactions that are either offset
in accordance with specific criteria contained in FASB Accounting Standards
Codification or subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement.
The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods
within those years, beginning on or after January 1, 2013.
In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-02, "COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (TOPIC
220): REPORTING OF AMOUNTS RECLASSIFIED OUT OF ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE
INCOME." The ASU adds new disclosure requirements for items reclassified out of
accumulated other comprehensive income by component and their corresponding
effect on net income. The ASU is effective for public entities for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2013.
In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued ASU
No. 2013-04, "LIABILITIES (TOPIC 405): OBLIGATIONS RESULTING FROM JOINT AND
SEVERAL LIABILITY ARRANGEMENTS FOR WHICH THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF THE OBLIGATION IS
FIXED AT THE REPORTING DATE." This ASU addresses the recognition, measurement,
and disclosure of certain obligations resulting from joint and several
arrangements including debt arrangements, other contractual obligations, and
settled litigation and judicial rulings. The ASU is effective for public
entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning
after December 15, 2013.
In March 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-05, "FOREIGN CURRENCY MATTERS (TOPIC
830): PARENT'S ACCOUNTING FOR THE CUMULATIVE TRANSLATION ADJUSTMENT UPON
DERECOGNITION OF CERTAIN SUBSIDIARIES OR GROUPS OF ASSETS WITHIN A FOREIGN
ENTITY OR OF AN INVESTMENT IN A FOREIGN ENTITY." This ASU addresses the
accounting for the cumulative translation adjustment when a parent either sells
a part or all of its investment in a foreign entity or no longer holds a
controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets that is a
nonprofit activity or a business within a foreign entity. The guidance outlines
the events when cumulative translation adjustments should be released into net
income and is intended by FASB to eliminate some disparity in current accounting
practice. This ASU is effective prospectively for fiscal years, and interim
periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013.
In March 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-07, "PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (TOPIC 205): LIQUIDATION BASIS OF ACCOUNTING." The amendments require
an entity to prepare its financial statements using the liquidation basis of
accounting when liquidation is imminent. Liquidation is imminent when the
likelihood is remote that the entity will return from liquidation and either (a)
a plan for liquidation is approved by the person or persons with the authority
to make such a plan effective and the likelihood is remote that the execution of
the plan will be blocked by other parties or (b) a plan for liquidation is being
imposed by other forces (for example, involuntary bankruptcy). If a plan for
liquidation was specified in the entity's governing documents from the entity's
inception (for example, limited-life entities), the entity should apply the
liquidation basis of accounting only if the approved plan for liquidation
differs from the plan for liquidation that was specified at the entity's
inception. The amendments require financial statements prepared using the
liquidation basis of accounting to present relevant information about an
entity's expected resources in liquidation by measuring and presenting assets at
the amount of the expected cash proceeds from liquidation. The entity should
include in its presentation of assets any items it had not previously recognized
under U.S. GAAP but that it expects to either sell in liquidation or use in
settling liabilities (for example, trademarks). The amendments are effective for
entities that determine liquidation is imminent during annual reporting periods
beginning after December 15, 2013, and interim reporting periods therein.
Entities should apply the requirements prospectively from the day that
liquidation becomes imminent. Early adoption is permitted.
Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet
effective accounting pronouncements, if adopted, would have a material effect on
the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
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NOTE 3 - GOING CONCERN
The financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will
continue as a going concern, which contemplates continuity of operations,
realization of assets, and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of
business.
As reflected in the financial statements, the Company had a deficit accumulated
during the exploration stage at October 31, 2013, a net loss and net cash used
in operating activities for the interim period then ended, respectively. These
factors raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a
going concern.
The Company is attempting to commence exploration and generate revenue, however
the Company's cash position may not be sufficient to support the Company's daily
operations. While the Company believes in the viability of its strategy to
commence operations and generate sufficient revenue and in its ability to raise
additional funds, there can be no assurances to that effect. The ability of the
Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the Company's ability
to further implement its business plan and generate sufficient revenue and its
ability to raise additional funds by way of a public or private offering.
The financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the
recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and
classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be
unable to continue as a going concern.
NOTE 4 - MINERAL PROPERTIES
CHERRY CREEK CLAIM
Effective January 31, 2013, Tungsten signed an Option Agreement with Viscount
Nevada Holdings Ltd. ("Viscount") to acquire an undivided 100% right, title and
interest in and to all Tungsten located in certain mining claims ("Cherry Creek
claim") in the State of Nevada. The Option shall be in good standing and
exercisable by Tungsten by paying the following amounts on or before: (i)
$150,000 to Viscount on or before April 15, 2013; (ii) $100,000 to Viscount on
or before February 15, 2014; (iii) $50,000 to Viscount on or before February 15,
2015; and (iv) paying all such property tax payments as may be required to
maintain the mineral claims in good standing.
In addition, Tungsten shall use commercially reasonable efforts to incur the
following annual work commitments as currently recommended and agreed to by the
parties: (i) exploration expenditures on the property of $250,000 on or before
the first anniversary of the execution of this Agreement; (ii) exploration
expenditures on the property of $250,000 on or before the second anniversary of
the execution of this Agreement; and (iii) exploration expenditures on the
property of $1,000,000 on or before the third anniversary of the execution of
the Agreement.
On April 11, 2013, the Company made the first payment of $150,000.
IDAHO CLAIM
On April 19, 2013, the Company entered into a purchase agreement (the
"Agreement") with Monfort Ventures Ltd. ("Monfort"), pursuant to which the
Company acquired title to certain unpatented pacer mining claims located in
Custer County, Idaho (the "Property") upon issuance by the Company of 3,000,000
shares of its common stock to Monfort (the "Shares") valued at $0.25 per share,
the most recent PPM price, or $750,000.
Mineral properties consisted of the following:
October 31, 2013 January 31, 2013
---------------- ----------------
Cherry Creek Claim $174,013 $ 21,291
Idaho Claim 750,000 --
-------- --------
Total $924,013 $ 21,291
======== ========
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NOTE 5 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
FREE OFFICE SPACE
The Company has been provided office space by its Chief Executive Officer at no
cost. The management determined that such cost is nominal and did not recognize
the rent expense in its financial statements.
ADVANCES FROM STOCKHOLDER
From time to time, stockholders of the Company advance funds to the Company for
working capital purpose. Those advances are unsecured, non-interest bearing and
due on demand.
Advances from stockholder consisted of the following:
October 31, 2013 January 31, 2013
---------------- ----------------
Advances from stockholders $ 99,951 $ 23,000
-------- --------
Total $ 99,951 $ 23,000
======== ========
NOTE 6 - STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
SHARES AUTHORIZED
Upon formation the total number of shares of common stock which the Company is
authorized to issue is Fifty Million (50,000,000) shares, par value $0.001 per
share.
On March 9, 2012 the Board of Directors and the consenting stockholders adopted
and approved a resolution to effectuate an amendment to the Company's Articles
of Incorporation to (i) increase the number of shares of authorized common stock
from 50,000,000 to 300,000,000; (ii) create 25,000,000 shares of "blank check"
preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share and (iii) decrease the par
value of common stock from $0.001 per share to $0.0001 per share.
COMMON STOCK
On April 8, 2013, concurrent with the closing of the reverse merger, the Company
closed a private placement of 2,000,000 shares at $0.25 per share for an
aggregate of $500,000 in subscription receivable, $250,000 of which was received
upon closing of the private placement while the remaining $250,000 was received
on May 24, 2013 and May 28, 2013.
Immediately after the reverse merger and the private placement the Company had
71,000,000 issued and outstanding common shares.
The Company has entered into lock up agreements with each of Messrs. Martin and
Oliver in regards to the aggregate of 3,000,000 shares of the common stock that
each hold (the "Lock Up Agreements"). Pursuant to the terms of the Lock Up
Agreements, in regards to their respective 3,000,000 shares of common stock,
1,000,000 shares have been released concurrent with the closing of the
Transaction, and 1,000,000 shares shall be released on each anniversary
thereafter.
On April 19, 2013, the Company cancelled 6,000,000 shares, in the aggregate, of
the Company's common stock that was held by two shareholders.
On April 19, 2013, the Company entered into a purchase agreement (the
"Agreement") with Monfort Ventures Ltd. ("Monfort"), pursuant to which the
Company acquired title to certain unpatented pacer mining claims located in
Custer County, Idaho (the "Property") upon issuance by the Company of 3,000,000
shares of its common stock to Monfort (the "Shares").
On May 13, 2013, the Company entered into a Restricted Stock Award Agreement
(the "Agreement") with Joseph P. Galda, pursuant to which Mr. Galda was granted
750,000 shares of restricted common stock of the Company (the "Restricted
Shares") in consideration for services to be rendered to the Company by Mr.
Galda as a director of the Company. The Restricted Shares will vest over a three
(3) year period at the rate of 62,500 shares of common stock per quarter, with
the first portion of the Restricted Shares vesting on June 30, 2013 and all the
Restricted Shares vesting by March 31, 2016. Under the Agreement, all unvested
Restricted Shares shall vest upon a "change in control," as defined in the
Agreement. According to the Agreement, the vesting of the Restricted Shares is
subject to Mr. Galda's continuous service to the Company as a director. In the
17
event that the Board of Directors of the Company determines that Mr. Galda has
committed certain acts of misconduct, Mr. Galda will not be entitled to the
Restricted Shares. Mr. Galda also made certain representations to the Company in
connection with the restricted stock award, including representations relating
to this ability to bear economic risk, the sufficiency of information received,
his level of sophistication in financial and business matters, and his purpose
for acquiring the Restricted Shares. These shares were valued at $0.81 per
share, the close price on the date of grant, or $607,500 and were amortized over
the vesting period, or $50,625 per quarter which was included in
Officer/Directors' compensation. For the reporting period ended October 31, 2013
the Company recognized $101,250 in equity based compensation under this
Agreement.
NOTE 7 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS
On July 9, 2013, Tungsten Corp. (the "Company") entered into employment
agreements with Guy Martin and Douglas Oliver (the "Employment Agreements"),
effective as of July 1, 2013, which replace the previously existing Consulting
Agreements between Messrs. Martin and Oliver and the Company, which became
effective on April 8, 2013 (the "Consulting Agreements").
The Employment Agreements provide for Mr. Martin's continued employment as
President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company for a term of two years,
subject to certain termination rights, during which time he will receive a
monthly base salary at the rate of $5,000; and Mr. Oliver's continued employment
as Vice President of Exploration of the Company for a term of two years, subject
to certain termination rights, during which time he will receive a monthly base
salary at the rate of $4,000. The Employment Agreements shall be automatically
extended for additional one year terms unless either the Company or Messrs.
Martin and Oliver provide written notice of their intent not to renew the
agreement at least sixty days prior to the expiration of a term.
In addition, Messrs. Martin and Oliver are entitled, at the sole and absolute
discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors, to
receive performance bonuses, which may be based upon a variety of factors.
Messrs. Martin and Oliver will also be entitled to participate in all employee
benefit plans or programs of the Company to the extent that their positions,
title, tenure, salary, age, health and other qualifications make them eligible
to participate in accordance with the terms of the applicable plans or programs.
The Company intends to implement an employee stock option plan, and Messrs.
Martin and Oliver shall be eligible to receive awards of stock options,
restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance
units and performance shares or other equity awards pursuant to the employee
stock option plan or any other arrangements the Company may have in effect from
time to time. The Board or the Committee will determine in its discretion the
amount of any such award to Messrs. Martin and Oliver in accordance with the
terms of the employee stock option plan in effect at the time of grant.
The Employment Agreements contain a non-competition covenant and
non-interference (relating to the Company's customers) and non-solicitation
(relating to the Company's employees) provisions effective during the term of
their employment and for a period of six months after termination with respect
to the non-competition covenant and for a period of twenty four months after
termination with respect to the non-interference and non-solicitation provisions
of the Employment Agreements.
NOTE 8 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company has evaluated all events that occurred after the balance sheet date
through the date when the financial statements were issued to determine if they
must be reported. The Management of the Company determined that there were no
reportable subsequent events to be disclosed.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
This following information specifies certain forward-looking
statements of management of the Company. Forward-looking statements are
statements that estimate the happening of future events and are not based on
historical fact. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of
forward-looking terminology, such as "may," "shall," "could," "expect,"
"estimate," "anticipate," "predict," "probable," "possible," "should,"
"continue," or similar terms, variations of those terms or the negative of those
terms. The forward-looking statements specified in the following information
have been compiled by our management on the basis of assumptions made by
management and considered by management to be reasonable. Our future operating
results, however, are impossible to predict and no representation, guaranty, or
warranty is to be inferred from those forward-looking statements.
The assumptions used for purposes of the forward-looking statements specified in
the following information represent estimates of future events and are subject
to uncertainty as to possible changes in economic, legislative, industry, and
other circumstances. As a result, the identification and interpretation of data
and other information and their use in developing and selecting assumptions from
and among reasonable alternatives require the exercise of judgment. To the
extent that the assumed events do not occur, the outcome may vary substantially
from anticipated or projected results, and, accordingly, no opinion is expressed
on the achievability of those forward-looking statements. We cannot guaranty
that any of the assumptions relating to the forward-looking statements specified
in the following information are accurate, and, except as required by law, we
assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements.
OVERVIEW
We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on June 5, 2008. On
April 8, 2013, we entered into and closed a stock exchange agreement (the "SEA")
with Guy Martin and Nevada Tungsten Holdings Ltd. Pursuant to the terms of the
SEA, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Nevada Tungsten
Holdings Ltd.'s common stock from Mr. Martin in exchange for the issuance by our
company of 3,000,000 shares of our common stock to Guy Martin (the
"Transaction"). As a result of the Transaction, Nevada Tungsten Holdings Ltd.
became our wholly-owned subsidiary and we acquired an option to acquire a 100%
interest in all tungsten on the Cherry Creek Tungsten Project.
Nevada Tungsten Holdings Ltd. was incorporated in the State of Nevada on October
30, 2012, with the goal of investigating for promising tungsten opportunities in
the United States. Nevada Tungsten Holdings Ltd.'s operations since
incorporation focused on the investigation and identification of promising
tungsten opportunities, and as a result, it entered into the Option Agreement in
regards to Cherry Creek Tungsten Project and the Monfort Agreement in regards to
the Idaho Property, both as further described in Note 4 to the Financial
Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations
should be read in conjunction with our Financial Statements for the period ended
October 31, 2013, together with notes thereto, which are included in this
report. Our subsidiary's results are being shown in the financial statements in
accordance with the rules for a reverse acquisition. However, there is no
comparative period for the Results of Operations since our subsidiary was
incorporated on October 30, 2012.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2013
REVENUES. We had no revenues for the three months ended October 31, 2013.
COST OF EXPLORATION: For the three months ended October 31, 2013, our total cost
of exploration was $52,814. Our exploration costs represent the staking of open
ground around our original claim block, as well as the sampling of targeted
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areas and the assaying of those samples. From the results of this work we have
developed an exploration plan that will be executed over the next several
quarters, with the objectives being to expand our claim block and develop a
targeted drilling program that will begin the process of validating prospective
reserves.
OPERATING EXPENSES. For the three months ended October 31, 2013, our total
operating expenses were $106,417. For the three months ended October 31, 2013,
our total operating expenses consisted of legal and professional fees of
$11,595, directors' fees of $50,625 for a non-cash charge for deferred
compensation due to the vesting of stock issued for director services, officer
compensation of $27,000, and general and administrative expenses of $17,197. We
also expect that we will continue to incur significant legal and accounting
expenses related to being a public company.
OTHER EXPENSES. We had no other expenses to report in this period.
NET LOSS. For the three months ended October 31, 2013, our net loss was
$159,231. We expect to continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future.
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2013
REVENUES. We had no revenues for the nine months ended October 31, 2013.
COST OF EXPLORATION: For the nine months ended October 31, 2013, our total cost
of exploration was $73,565. OPERATING EXPENSES. For the nine months ended
October 31, 2013, our total operating expenses were $365,965. For the nine
months ended October 31, 2013, our total operating expenses consisted of legal
and professional fees of $99,085, director fees of $101,250 for a non-cash
charge for deferred compensation due to the vesting of stock issued for director
services, officer compensation of $72,067, and general and administrative
expenses of $93,563. We also expect that we will continue to incur significant
legal and accounting expenses related to being a public company.
OTHER EXPENSES. We had no other expenses to report in this period.
NET LOSS. For the nine months ended October 31, 2013, our net loss was $439,530.
We expect to continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
As of October 31, 2013, we had cash of $54,212, and unproven mineral properties
of $924,013. Our total assets equaled $982,225 as of October 31, 2013.
Our unproven mineral properties of $924,013 as of October 31, 2013 consist of
our rights to the Cherry Creek Property in Nevada and the Wildhorse Mine
Property in Idaho.
Our total current liabilities were $139,987 as of October 31, 2013, which was
represented by accounts payable and accrued expenses of $40,036, and advances
from stockholders of $99,951.
Other than those liabilities discussed above, we had no other liabilities and no
other long term commitments or contingencies as of October 31, 2013.
On April 8, 2013 the Company closed a voluntary share exchange transaction
pursuant to a stock exchange agreement to acquire all of the issued and
outstanding shares of Nevada Tungsten Holdings Ltd.'s common stock. The sole
asset of Nevada Tungsten Holdings Ltd. is an option to acquire all tungsten
rights in regards to 32 patented and unpatented mining claims situated in White
Pine Country, Nevada pursuant to an option agreement by and between Viscount
Nevada Holdings Ltd. and Nevada Tungsten Holdings Ltd.
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On April 8, 2013, concurrent with the closing of the share exchange transaction,
the Company closed a private placement of 2,000,000 shares at $0.25 per share
for an aggregate total of $500,000.
On April 19, 2013, our subsidiary entered into a purchase agreement with Monfort
Ventures Ltd. ("Monfort"), to acquire title to certain unpatented pacer mining
claims located in Custer County, Idaho upon issuance by the Company of 3,000,000
shares of its common stock to Monfort. This common stock was issued on May 2,
2013 and was recorded at the date of the agreement, April 19, 2013, at $0.25 per
share for an aggregate total of $750,000. The price for the private placement
dated April 8, 3023 was used to value this transaction as there was no
significant trading of the Company's stock up to the date of this purchase
agreement.
During 2013, we expect that the following will continue to impact our liquidity:
(i) expenses to maintain our mineral claims, including payments under the option
agreements which define our mineral rights, payments to the Bureau of Land
Management to maintain our claims, and insurance payments;; (ii) exploration
costs to support the development of our mineral property assets; (iii)
anticipated increases in overhead and the use of independent contractors for
services to be provided to us; and (iv) legal and accounting costs of being a
public company. Our current cash requirements are significant due to planned
exploration and development of current projects, and we anticipate generating
losses. In order to execute on our business strategy, including the exploration
and development of our current mining properties, we will require additional
working capital, commensurate with the operational needs of our planned drilling
projects and obligations. Accordingly, we expect to continue to use debt and
equity financing to fund operations for the next twelve months, as we look to
expand our asset base and fund exploration and development of our projects. We
will need to obtain additional funds to pay those expenses and fund our needed
investment program. Other than those items specified above, we are not aware of
any other known trends, events or uncertainties, which may affect our future
liquidity.
At present, our cash requirements for the next twelve months outweigh the funds
available to maintain or develop our properties. As a result of the private
placement on April 8, 2013, we received proceeds of $500,000, which have been
depleted by the ongoing activities over the past eight months. In order to
improve our liquidity, we are in discussions with potential funding sources and
with the Optionor for the Cherry Creek Claim regarding rescheduling our option
payments and exploration expenditure commitments. The financing environment for
junior mining companies such as the Company is extremely challenging. We
currently do not have any arrangements in place for the completion of any
further private placement financings and there is no assurance that we will be
successful in completing any further private placement financings. There are no
assurances that we will be able to raise the required working capital on terms
favorable to us, or that such working capital will be available on any terms
when needed. Any failure to secure additional financing may force us to cease
our operations.
We are not currently conducting any research and development activities. We do
not anticipate conducting such activities in the near future. We intend to use
independent contractors for certain services related to the Cherry Creek
Property in Nevada and the Wildhorse Mine Property in Idaho. We anticipate that
we may need to purchase or lease additional equipment in order to conduct
certain of our operations. However, as of the date of this report, we do not
have any specific plans to purchase or lease additional equipment.
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OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICY AND ESTIMATES
Our Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations section discusses our financial statements, which have been prepared
in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis,
management evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to
revenue recognition, accrued expenses, financing operations, and contingencies
and litigation. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical
experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under
the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments
about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent
from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under
different assumptions or conditions. The most significant accounting estimates
inherent in the preparation of our financial statements include estimates as to
the appropriate carrying value of certain assets and liabilities which are not
readily apparent from other sources. In addition, these accounting policies are
described at relevant sections in this discussion and analysis and in the notes
to the financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for
the period ended October 31, 2013.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Not applicable.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation
of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (who is our Principal
Executive Officer) and our Chief Financial Officer (who is our Principal
Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer), of the effectiveness of the
design of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined by Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e)) as of October 31, 2013 pursuant to Exchange Act
Rule 13a-15. Based upon that evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and
Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and
procedures were not effective as of October 31, 2013 in ensuring that
information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit
under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within
the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's (the
"SEC") rules and forms. This conclusion is based on findings that constituted
material weaknesses. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of
control deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that
there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company's
interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely
basis.
In performing the above-referenced assessment, our management identified the
following material weaknesses:
i) We have insufficient quantity of dedicated resources and experienced
personnel involved in reviewing and designing internal controls. As a
result, a material misstatement of the interim and annual financial
statements could occur and not be prevented or detected on a timely
basis.
ii) We did not perform an entity level risk assessment to evaluate the
implication of relevant risks on financial reporting, including the
impact of potential fraud-related risks and the risks related to
non-routine transactions, if any, on our internal control over
financial reporting. Lack of an entity-level risk assessment
constituted an internal control design deficiency which resulted in
more than a remote likelihood that a material error would not have
been prevented or detected, and constituted a material weakness.
22
iii) We have not achieved the optimal level of segregation of duties
relative to key financial reporting functions.
Our management feels the weaknesses identified above have not had any material
effect on our financial results. However, we are currently reviewing our
disclosure controls and procedures related to these material weaknesses and
expect to implement changes in the near term, including identifying specific
areas within our governance, accounting and financial reporting processes to add
adequate resources to potentially mitigate these material weaknesses.
Our management team will continue to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of
our internal controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial
reporting on an ongoing basis and is committed to taking further action and
implementing additional enhancements or improvements, as necessary and as funds
allow.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting
may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance
with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. All internal control systems,
no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those
systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with
respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.
CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROLS.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that
occurred during the fiscal quarter covered by this report that have materially
affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control
over financial reporting.
PART II -- OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
None.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
3.1(a) Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to our
Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on October 29, 2009).
3.1(b) Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation
(incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on
May 15, 2012).
3.2 Bylaws (incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on
Form S-1 filed on October 29, 2009).
31 Certification of Principal Executive and Financial Officer, pursuant
to Rule 13a-14 and 15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
32 Certification of Principal Executive and Financial Officer, pursuant
to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.ins Instant Document
101.sch XBRL Taxonomy Schema Document
101.cal XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.def XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
101.lab XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
101.pre XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
TUNGSTEN CORP.,
a Nevada corporation
Date: December 13, 2013 By: /s/ Guy Martin
---------------------------------------
Guy Martin
President, Secretary and Treasurer
(Principal Executive, Financial and
Accounting Officer)
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