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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
|
| |
(Mark One) | |
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2019
OR
|
| |
o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-35060
PACIRA BIOSCIENCES, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
|
| | |
Delaware | | 51-0619477 |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| | |
5 Sylvan Way, Suite 300 Parsippany, New Jersey, 07054 |
(Address and Zip Code of Principal Executive Offices) |
| | |
(973) 254-3560 |
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code) |
PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(Former name, former address and formal fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files.) x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
|
| | |
Large accelerated filer x | | Accelerated filer o |
Non-accelerated filer o | | Smaller reporting company o |
| | Emerging growth company o |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). o Yes x No
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: |
| | | | |
Title of each class | | Trading symbol | | Name of each exchange on which registered |
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share | | PCRX | | Nasdaq Global Select Market |
As of April 28, 2019, 41,296,937 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, were outstanding.
PACIRA BIOSCIENCES, INC. QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
PACIRA BIOSCIENCES, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts) (Unaudited) |
| | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2019 | | December 31, 2018 |
ASSETS | |
| |
|
Current assets: | |
| | |
|
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 215,036 |
| | $ | 132,526 |
|
Short-term investments | 197,406 |
| | 250,928 |
|
Accounts receivable, net | 39,766 |
| | 38,000 |
|
Inventories, net | 47,028 |
| | 48,569 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 9,437 |
| | 7,946 |
|
Total current assets | 508,673 |
| | 477,969 |
|
Long-term investments | — |
| | 25,871 |
|
Fixed assets, net | 107,051 |
| | 108,670 |
|
Right-of-use assets, net | 26,686 |
| | — |
|
Goodwill | 62,040 |
| | 62,040 |
|
Equity investment | 14,146 |
| | 14,146 |
|
Other assets | 560 |
| | 657 |
|
Total assets | $ | 719,156 |
| | $ | 689,353 |
|
| | | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |
| | |
|
Current liabilities: | |
| | |
|
Accounts payable | $ | 13,369 |
| | $ | 14,368 |
|
Accrued expenses | 39,696 |
| | 45,865 |
|
Lease liabilities | 5,583 |
| | — |
|
Convertible senior notes | — |
| | 338 |
|
Income taxes payable | 343 |
| | 90 |
|
Total current liabilities | 58,991 |
| | 60,661 |
|
Convertible senior notes | 294,356 |
| | 290,592 |
|
Lease liabilities | 29,297 |
| | — |
|
Other liabilities | 8,993 |
| | 16,874 |
|
Total liabilities | 391,637 |
| | 368,127 |
|
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) |
|
| |
|
|
Stockholders’ equity: | |
| | |
|
Preferred stock, par value $0.001; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | — |
| | — |
|
Common stock, par value $0.001; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 41,288,703 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019; 41,222,799 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 | 41 |
| | 41 |
|
Additional paid-in capital | 718,449 |
| | 709,691 |
|
Accumulated deficit | (391,153 | ) | | (388,226 | ) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 182 |
| | (280 | ) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 327,519 |
| | 321,226 |
|
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 719,156 |
| | $ | 689,353 |
|
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.
PACIRA BIOSCIENCES, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share amounts) (Unaudited) |
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2019 | | 2018 |
Revenues: | |
| | |
|
Net product sales | $ | 90,906 |
| | $ | 74,287 |
|
Royalty revenue | 407 |
| | 320 |
|
Total revenues | 91,313 |
| | 74,607 |
|
Operating expenses: | |
| | |
|
Cost of goods sold | 27,303 |
| | 22,885 |
|
Research and development | 14,384 |
| | 14,378 |
|
Selling, general and administrative | 48,518 |
| | 44,191 |
|
Product discontinuation | 29 |
| | 90 |
|
Total operating expenses | 90,234 |
| | 81,544 |
|
Income (loss) from operations | 1,079 |
| | (6,937 | ) |
Other (expense) income: | |
| | |
|
Interest income | 2,156 |
| | 1,374 |
|
Interest expense | (5,814 | ) | | (5,157 | ) |
Other, net | 61 |
| | 75 |
|
Total other expense, net | (3,597 | ) | | (3,708 | ) |
Loss before income taxes | (2,518 | ) | | (10,645 | ) |
Income tax expense | (253 | ) | | (35 | ) |
Net loss | $ | (2,771 | ) | | $ | (10,680 | ) |
| | | |
Net loss per share: | |
| | |
|
Basic and diluted net loss per common share | $ | (0.07 | ) | | $ | (0.26 | ) |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: | |
| | |
|
Basic and diluted | 41,240 |
| | 40,707 |
|
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.
PACIRA BIOSCIENCES, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(In thousands) (Unaudited) |
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2019 | | 2018 |
Net loss | $ | (2,771 | ) | | $ | (10,680 | ) |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |
|
| | |
|
Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments | 462 |
| | (447 | ) |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 462 |
| | (447 | ) |
Comprehensive loss | $ | (2,309 | ) | | $ | (11,127 | ) |
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.
PACIRA BIOSCIENCES, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2019 AND 2018
(In thousands) (Unaudited) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common Stock | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | Accumulated Deficit | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | |
| Shares | | Amount | | | | | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | 41,223 |
| | $ | 41 |
| | $ | 709,691 |
| | $ | (388,226 | ) | | $ | (280 | ) | | $ | 321,226 |
|
Cumulative effect adjustment of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 (Note 2) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (156 | ) | | — |
| | (156 | ) |
Exercise of stock options | 62 |
| | — |
| | 1,557 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,557 |
|
Vested restricted stock units | 4 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Stock-based compensation | — |
| | — |
| | 7,434 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 7,434 |
|
Retirement of equity component of 2019 convertible senior notes | — |
| | — |
| | (233 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (233 | ) |
Net unrealized gain on investments | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 462 |
| | 462 |
|
Net loss | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (2,771 | ) | | — |
| | (2,771 | ) |
Balance at March 31, 2019 | 41,289 |
| | $ | 41 |
| | $ | 718,449 |
| | $ | (391,153 | ) | | $ | 182 |
| | $ | 327,519 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common Stock | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | Accumulated Deficit | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | |
| Shares | | Amount | | | | | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2017 | 40,669 |
| | $ | 41 |
| | $ | 669,032 |
| | $ | (389,136 | ) | | $ | (454 | ) | | $ | 279,483 |
|
Cumulative effect adjustment of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,361 |
| | — |
| | 1,361 |
|
Exercise of stock options | 46 |
| | — |
| | 419 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 419 |
|
Vested restricted stock units | 5 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Stock-based compensation | — |
| | — |
| | 8,385 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 8,385 |
|
Net unrealized loss on investments | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (447 | ) | | (447 | ) |
Net loss | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (10,680 | ) | | — |
| | (10,680 | ) |
Balance at March 31, 2018 | 40,720 |
| | $ | 41 |
| | $ | 677,836 |
| | $ | (398,455 | ) | | $ | (901 | ) | | $ | 278,521 |
|
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.
PACIRA BIOSCIENCES, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) (Unaudited) |
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2019 | | 2018 |
Operating activities: | |
| | |
|
Net loss | $ | (2,771 | ) | | $ | (10,680 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: | |
| | |
|
Depreciation of fixed assets | 3,600 |
| | 2,762 |
|
Amortization of unfavorable lease obligation and debt issuance costs | 420 |
| | 391 |
|
Amortization of debt discount | 3,345 |
| | 3,113 |
|
Loss on disposal of fixed assets | — |
| | 10 |
|
Stock-based compensation | 7,434 |
| | 8,385 |
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |
| | |
|
Accounts receivable, net | (1,766 | ) | | 798 |
|
Inventories, net | 1,540 |
| | 1,368 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (1,644 | ) | | (1,210 | ) |
Accounts payable | (1,442 | ) | | 106 |
|
Accrued expenses and income taxes payable | (5,166 | ) | | (7,623 | ) |
Other liabilities | (51 | ) | | (109 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 3,499 |
| | (2,689 | ) |
Investing activities: | |
| | |
|
Purchases of fixed assets | (2,018 | ) | | (5,184 | ) |
Purchases of investments | (22,688 | ) | | (130,580 | ) |
Sales of investments | 103,187 |
| | 127,764 |
|
Payment of contingent consideration | — |
| | (2,293 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 78,481 |
| | (10,293 | ) |
Financing activities: | |
| | |
|
Proceeds from exercises of stock options | 1,101 |
| | 419 |
|
Repayment of 2019 convertible senior notes | (338 | ) | | — |
|
Conversion premium on convertible senior notes | (233 | ) | | — |
|
Net cash provided by financing activities | 530 |
| | 419 |
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 82,510 |
| | (12,563 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 132,526 |
| | 54,126 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 215,036 |
| | $ | 41,563 |
|
Supplemental cash flow information: | |
| | |
|
Cash paid for interest | $ | 5 |
| | $ | 4,102 |
|
Non-cash investing and financing activities: | | | |
Net decrease in accrued fixed assets | $ | (37 | ) | | $ | (233 | ) |
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.
PACIRA BIOSCIENCES, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1—DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Pacira BioSciences, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company” or “Pacira”) is a leader in developing, manufacturing and commercializing non-opioid pain management and regenerative health solutions dedicated to advancing and improving outcomes for health care practitioners and their patients. The Company’s long-acting, local analgesic, EXPAREL® (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension), was commercially launched in the United States in April 2012. EXPAREL utilizes DepoFoam®, a unique and proprietary delivery technology that encapsulates drugs without altering their molecular structure, and releases them over a desired period of time. In April 2019, the Company added the iovera°®, or Iovera, system to its commercial offering with its acquisition of MyoScience, Inc., or MyoScience. The Iovera system is a handheld cryoanalgesia device used to deliver precise, controlled doses of cold temperature only to targeted nerves.
The Company changed its name from Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to Pacira BioSciences, Inc. upon completing the acquisition of MyoScience in April 2019 in order to better reflect a broadening portfolio of innovative non-opioid pain management and regenerative health solutions. See Note 16, Subsequent Events, for more information.
Pacira is subject to risks common to companies in similar industries and stages, including, but not limited to, competition from larger companies, reliance on revenue from two products, reliance on a limited number of manufacturing sites, new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, reliance on third-party service providers and sole source suppliers, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations and risks related to cybersecurity.
NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
These interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or GAAP, and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, for interim reporting. Pursuant to these rules and regulations, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in complete annual financial statements have been condensed or omitted. Therefore, these interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited annual consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
The condensed consolidated financial statements at March 31, 2019, and for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, are unaudited, but include all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the financial information set forth herein in accordance with GAAP. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018 is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. The accounts of wholly-owned subsidiaries are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The results of operations for these interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim periods or for the full year.
Concentration of Major Customers
The Company sells EXPAREL through a drop-ship program under which orders are processed through wholesalers (including AmerisourceBergen Health Corporation, Cardinal Health, Inc. and McKesson Drug Company), but shipments of the product are sent directly to individual accounts, such as hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers and individual doctors. The Company also sells EXPAREL directly to ambulatory surgical centers and physicians. The table below includes the percentage of net product sales processed by the Company’s three largest wholesalers in each period presented:
|
| | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2019 | | 2018 |
Largest wholesaler | 36% | | 34% |
Second largest wholesaler | 29% | | 31% |
Third largest wholesaler | 26% | | 26% |
Total | 91% | | 91% |
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), and subsequently issued clarifications and corrections to the update by issuing ASU 2018-10 in July 2018. This update required lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under previous authoritative guidance. For income statement purposes, the new standard retained a dual model similar to Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 840, requiring leases to be classified as either operating or financing. Operating leases continue to result in straight-line expense while financing leases result in a front-loaded expense pattern (similar to previous accounting guidance by lessees for operating and capital leases, respectively, under ASC 840).
The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019 using the effective date method. There were a number of practical expedients available to the Company at transition which it elected to apply upon adoption. The Company did not re-assess (i) whether its contracts contained a lease under the new definition of a lease and (ii) the classification of those leases. There were no initial direct costs previously capitalized on the consolidated balance sheet. In addition, the Company applied hindsight in the determination of the lease terms, in the assessment of the likelihood that a lease renewal, termination or purchase option will be exercised, and in the assessment of any potential impairments that existed on the right-of-use, or ROU, assets recognized at adoption. The Company also elected not to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability for those leases with a remaining lease term of 12 months or less.
At adoption on January 1, 2019, the lease liability was equal to the present value of future lease payments and a ROU asset was recorded based on the lease liability, adjusted for items such as prepaid and accrued lease payments. The Company recorded $36.5 million of lease liabilities and $27.6 million of ROU assets as of January 1, 2019, the difference representing previously recorded lease-related assets and liabilities. There was a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of $0.2 million upon adoption. Refer to Note 6, Leases, for further information on the Company’s existing leases.
The lease liability recognized upon adoption was based upon the present value of the sum of the remaining minimum lease payments (as previously identified under ASC 840), determined using the discount rate as of the date of adoption. The discount rate was based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate on a collateralized basis over a similar remaining term and in a similar economic environment.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Adopted as of March 31, 2019
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Entities will now use forward-looking information to better form their credit loss estimates. This update also requires enhanced disclosures to help financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity’s portfolio. This standard will become effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-13 on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework. The purpose of the update is to improve the effectiveness of the fair value measurement disclosures that allows for clear communication of information that is most important to the users of financial statements. There were certain required disclosures that have been removed or modified. In addition, the update added the following disclosures: (i) changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income (loss) for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and (ii) the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. The standard will become effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2018-13 on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40: Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract, which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The update provides guidance to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as they relate to the service contract and which costs to expense. In addition, the update further defines the term of the hosting arrangement to include the non-cancelable period of the arrangement plus periods covered by (i) an option to extend the arrangement if the customer is reasonably certain to exercise that option; (ii) an option to terminate the arrangement if the customer is reasonably certain not to exercise the termination option and (iii) an option to extend (or not to terminate) the arrangement in which exercise of the option is in the control of the vendor. Any expense related to the capitalized implementation costs should be recorded in the same financial statement line item in the consolidated statements of operations as the fees associated with the hosting element of the arrangement, and the payments for capitalized implementation costs should be classified in the same manner as payments made for fees associated with the hosting element in the consolidated statements of cash flows. This standard will become effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020. The amendments may be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2018-15 on its consolidated financial statements.
In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, which provides amendments to the recognition and measurement of certain financial assets and financial liabilities. One of those amendments requires that equity securities without readily determinable fair values accounted for under the measurement alternative be re-measured when an orderly transaction is identified for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. This standard will become effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2019-04 on its consolidated financial statements.
Other pronouncements issued by the FASB or other authoritative accounting standards groups with future effective dates are either not applicable or not significant to the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
Leases
Effective January 1, 2019, the Company recognizes ROU assets and lease liabilities at the commencement of its lease agreements. The leases are evaluated at commencement to determine whether they should be classified as operating or financing leases. Lease costs associated with operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis, while lease costs for financing leases are recognized over the lease term using the effective interest method. To date, the Company does not have any financing leases. The amount of ROU assets and lease liabilities to be recognized is impacted by the type of lease payments, the lease term and the incremental borrowing rate. Variable lease payments are not included at commencement and are recognized in the period in which they are incurred. The lease term is based on the contractual term and is adjusted for any renewal options or termination rights that are reasonably certain to be exercised. The incremental borrowing rate is based on the rate the Company estimates it would pay on a collateralized basis over a similar term in a similar economic environment.
NOTE 3—REVENUE
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The Company’s sources of revenue include (i) sales of EXPAREL in the United States, or U.S.; (ii) sales of its bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension product for use in animals in the U.S.; (iii) royalties based on sales of its bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension product for use in animals and (iv) license fees and milestone payments. The majority of the Company’s revenue is derived from net product sales of EXPAREL. The Company does not consider revenue from other product sales, collaborative licensing, milestones and royalties to be material sources of its consolidated revenue. As such, the following disclosure only relates to revenue associated with net EXPAREL product sales.
Net Product Sales
The Company sells EXPAREL through a drop-ship program under which orders are processed through wholesalers based on orders of the product placed by end-users which include hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers and doctors. EXPAREL is delivered directly to the end-user without the wholesaler ever taking physical possession of the product. Product revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods are transferred to the customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring those goods. EXPAREL revenue is recorded at the time the product is delivered to the end-user.
Revenues from sales of products are recorded net of returns allowances, prompt payment discounts, wholesaler service fees, volume rebates and chargebacks. These reserves are based on estimates of the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales. These amounts are treated as variable consideration, estimated and recognized as a reduction of the transaction price at the time of the sale, using the most likely amount method for the gross to net adjustments, except for returns, which is based on the expected value method. The Company includes these estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized for such transaction will not occur, or when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. The calculation of some of these items requires management to make estimates based on sales data, historical return data, contracts and other related information that may become known in the future. The adequacy of these provisions is reviewed on a quarterly basis.
Accounts Receivable
The majority of accounts receivable arise from product sales and represent amounts due from wholesalers, hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers and doctors. Payment terms generally range from zero to 37 days from the date of the transaction, and accordingly, there is no significant financing component.
Performance Obligations
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied.
At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods promised in its contracts with customers and identifies a performance obligation for each promise to transfer to the customer a good that is distinct. When identifying individual performance obligations, the Company considers all goods promised in the contract regardless of whether explicitly stated in the customer contract or implied by customary business practices. The Company’s contracts with customers require it to transfer an individual distinct product, which represents a single performance obligation. The Company’s performance obligation with respect to its product sales is satisfied at a point in time, which transfers control upon delivery of EXPAREL to its customers. The Company considers control to have transferred upon delivery because the customer has legal title to the asset, physical possession of the asset has been transferred, the customer has significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset and the Company has a present right to payment at that time.
Disaggregated Revenue
The following table represents disaggregated net product sales in the periods presented as follows (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
| 2019 | | 2018 |
Net product sales: | | | |
EXPAREL | $ | 90,615 |
| | $ | 74,034 |
|
Other product sales | 291 |
| | 253 |
|
Total net product sales | $ | 90,906 |
| | $ | 74,287 |
|
NOTE 4—INVENTORIES
The components of inventories, net are as follows (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | |
| March 31, | | December 31, |
| 2019 | | 2018 |
Raw materials | $ | 19,978 |
| | $ | 19,193 |
|
Work-in-process | 11,141 |
| | 9,711 |
|
Finished goods | 15,909 |
| | 19,665 |
|
Total | $ | 47,028 |
| | $ | 48,569 |
|
NOTE 5—FIXED ASSETS
Fixed assets, net, summarized by major category, consist of the following (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | |
| March 31, | | December 31, |
| 2019 | | 2018 |
Machinery and laboratory equipment | $ | 67,913 |
| | $ | 67,431 |
|
Leasehold improvements | 59,886 |
| | 57,955 |
|
Computer equipment and software | 8,188 |
| | 8,131 |
|
Office furniture and equipment | 1,576 |
| | 1,548 |
|
Construction in progress | 34,646 |
| | 35,163 |
|
Total | 172,209 |
| | 170,228 |
|
Less: accumulated depreciation | (65,158 | ) | | (61,558 | ) |
Fixed assets, net | $ | 107,051 |
| | $ | 108,670 |
|
For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, depreciation expense was $3.6 million and $2.8 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, capitalized interest on the construction of manufacturing sites was zero and $0.4 million, respectively.
At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, total fixed assets, net, includes leasehold improvements and manufacturing process equipment located in England in the amount of $63.4 million and $64.6 million, respectively.
NOTE 6—LEASES
The Company leases its EXPAREL manufacturing, research and development, warehouse and former DepoCyt(e) manufacturing facilities in San Diego, California, and its corporate headquarters in Parsippany, New Jersey. These leases have remaining terms between one year and nine years, some of which provide renewal options at the then-current market value, along with one that contains the right to terminate the lease after four years. A renewal option has been included in the measurement of the operating lease liability associated with one facility. The Company also has a lease with Thermo Fisher Scientific Pharma Services (“Thermo Fisher”) (formerly Patheon UK Limited), for the use of Thermo Fisher’s facility in Swindon, England, which is embedded in agreements the Company has with Thermo Fisher. A portion of the associated monthly base fees has been allocated to the lease component based on a relative fair value basis.
The operating lease costs for the facilities include lease and non-lease components, such as common area maintenance and other common operating expenses, along with executory costs such as insurance and real estate taxes. Total operating lease costs are as follows (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended |
| | March 31, |
| | 2019 | | 2018 |
Operating lease costs: | |
|
| |
|
|
Fixed lease costs | | $ | 1,443 |
| | $ | 1,490 |
|
Variable lease costs | | 381 |
| | 402 |
|
Total | | $ | 1,824 |
| | $ | 1,892 |
|
Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases is as follows (in thousands): |
| | | | |
| | Three Months Ended |
| | March 31, 2019 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities | | $ | 2,050 |
|
Right-of-use assets recorded in exchange for lease obligations | | $ | 34,780 |
|
The Company has elected to net the amortization of the ROU asset and the reduction of the lease liability principal in accrued expenses in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.
The Company has measured its operating lease liabilities at an estimated discount rate in which it could borrow on a collateralized basis over the remaining term for each operating lease. The weighted average remaining lease term and the weighted average discount rate are summarized as follows: |
| | |
| | March 31, 2019 |
Weighted average remaining lease term | | 6.59 years |
Weighted average discount rate | | 8.10% |
Maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities are as follows, and include a renewal option to extend the lease on one facility (in thousands): |
| | | | |
Year | | Aggregate Minimum Payments Due |
2019 (remaining nine months) | | $ | 6,090 |
|
2020 | | 7,700 |
|
2021 | | 5,539 |
|
2022 | | 5,671 |
|
2023 | | 5,806 |
|
2024 through 2028 | | 14,788 |
|
Total lease payments | | 45,594 |
|
| | |
Less: imputed interest | | (10,714 | ) |
Total operating lease liabilities | | $ | 34,880 |
|
As of December 31, 2018, aggregate annual minimum payments due under the Company’s lease obligations were as follows (in thousands):
|
| | | | |
Year | | Aggregate Minimum Payments Due |
2019 | | $ | 8,140 |
|
2020 | | 7,621 |
|
2021 | | 5,295 |
|
2022 | | 5,417 |
|
2023 | | 5,543 |
|
2024 through 2028 | | 14,329 |
|
Total | | $ | 46,345 |
|
NOTE 7—GOODWILL
In March 2007, the Company acquired from SkyePharma Holding, Inc. (now a subsidiary of Vectura Group plc), or Skyepharma, its California operating subsidiary named Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Skyepharma Acquisition”). The Company’s goodwill arose in April 2012 from a contingent milestone payment to Skyepharma in connection with the Skyepharma Acquisition. The Skyepharma Acquisition was accounted for under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 141, Accounting for Business Combinations, which was the effective GAAP standard at the Skyepharma Acquisition date. In connection with the Skyepharma Acquisition, the Company agreed to milestone payments for DepoBupivacaine products, including EXPAREL, as follows:
| |
(i) | $10.0 million upon the first commercial sale in the United States (met April 2012); |
| |
(ii) | $4.0 million upon the first commercial sale in a major E.U. country (United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy and Spain); |
| |
(iii) | $8.0 million when annual net sales collected reach $100.0 million (met September 2014); |
| |
(iv) | $8.0 million when annual net sales collected reach $250.0 million (met June 2016); and |
| |
(v) | $32.0 million when annual net sales collected reach $500.0 million. |
For purposes of meeting future potential milestone payments, annual net sales are measured on a rolling quarterly basis.
As part of the Skyepharma Acquisition, the Company agreed to pay certain earn-out payments based on a percentage of net sales of DepoBupivacaine products collected, including EXPAREL, for the term during which such sales were covered by a valid claim in certain patent rights related to EXPAREL and other biologics products. The last patents for which a valid claim existed expired on September 18, 2018 and thus, the only remaining obligations to Skyepharma are the two unmet milestone payments totaling $36.0 million. Any remaining milestone payments will be treated as additional costs of the Skyepharma Acquisition and, therefore, recorded as goodwill if and when each contingency is resolved.
There was no change in the carrying value of goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The balance at both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $62.0 million.
NOTE 8—DEBT
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2022
On March 13, 2017, the Company completed a private placement of $345.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 2.375% convertible senior notes due 2022, or 2022 Notes, and entered into an indenture, or 2022 Indenture, with respect to the 2022 Notes. The 2022 Notes accrue interest at a fixed rate of 2.375% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year. The 2022 Notes mature on April 1, 2022.
The total debt composition of the 2022 Notes is as follows (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | |
| March 31, | | December 31, |
| 2019 | | 2018 |
2.375% convertible senior notes due 2022 | $ | 345,000 |
| | $ | 345,000 |
|
Deferred financing costs | (5,430 | ) | | (5,850 | ) |
Discount on debt | (45,214 | ) | | (48,558 | ) |
Total debt, net of debt discount and deferred financing costs | $ | 294,356 |
| | $ | 290,592 |
|
Holders may convert their 2022 Notes prior to October 1, 2021 only if certain circumstances are met, including if during the previous calendar quarter, the last reported sales price of the Company’s common stock was greater than 130% of the conversion price then applicable for at least 20 out of the last 30 consecutive trading days of the quarter. During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, this condition for conversion was not met.
On or after October 1, 2021, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding April 1, 2022, holders may convert their 2022 Notes at any time.
Upon conversion, holders will receive the principal amount of their 2022 Notes and any excess conversion value, calculated based on the per share volume-weighted average price for each of the 40 consecutive trading days during the observation period (as more fully described in the 2022 Indenture). For both the principal and excess conversion value, holders may receive cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s option. The initial conversion rate for the 2022 Notes is 14.9491 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of $66.89 per share of the Company’s common stock. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. The initial conversion price of the 2022 Notes represents a premium of approximately 37.5% to the closing sale price of $48.65 per share of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on March 7, 2017, the date that the Company priced the private offering of the 2022 Notes.
As of March 31, 2019, the 2022 Notes had a market price of $985 per $1,000 principal amount. In the event of conversion, holders would forgo all future interest payments, any unpaid accrued interest and the possibility of stock price appreciation. Upon the receipt of conversion requests, the settlement of the 2022 Notes will be paid pursuant to the terms of the 2022 Indenture. In the event that all of the 2022 Notes are converted, the Company would be required to repay the $345.0 million in principal value and any conversion premium in any combination of cash and shares of its common stock (at the Company’s option).
Prior to April 1, 2020, the Company may not redeem the 2022 Notes. On or after April 1, 2020, the Company may redeem for cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s option, all or part of the 2022 Notes if the last reported sale price (as defined in the 2022 Indenture) of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or
not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading-day period ending within five trading days prior to the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption. The redemption price will equal the sum of (i) 100% of the principal amount of the 2022 Notes being redeemed, plus (ii) accrued and unpaid interest, including additional interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. In addition, calling the 2022 Notes for redemption will constitute a “make whole fundamental change” (as defined in the 2022 Indenture) and will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of such notes if it is converted in connection with the redemption. No sinking fund is provided for the 2022 Notes.
While the 2022 Notes are currently classified on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2019 as long-term debt, the future convertibility and resulting balance sheet classification of this liability will be monitored at each quarterly reporting date and will be analyzed dependent upon market prices of the Company’s common stock during the prescribed measurement periods. In the event that the holders of the 2022 Notes have the right to convert the 2022 Notes at any time during the prescribed measurement period, the 2022 Notes would then be considered a current obligation and classified as such.
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2019
On February 1, 2019, the Company’s 3.25% convertible senior notes due 2019, or 2019 Notes, matured, and the Company paid the remaining $0.3 million of principal in full, plus a $0.2 million conversion premium in cash. The 2019 Notes accrued interest at a fixed rate of 3.25% per year and were payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year.
Interest Expense
The following table sets forth the total interest expense recognized in the periods presented (dollar amounts in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2019 | | 2018 |
Contractual interest expense | $ | 2,049 |
| | $ | 2,051 |
|
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 420 |
| | 402 |
|
Amortization of debt discount | 3,345 |
| | 3,113 |
|
Capitalized interest and other (Note 5) | — |
| | (409 | ) |
Total | $ | 5,814 |
| | $ | 5,157 |
|
| | | |
Effective interest rate on convertible senior notes | 7.81 | % | | 7.81 | % |
NOTE 9—FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction. To increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements, the FASB established a three-level hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of fair value measurements are:
| |
• | Level 1—Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs. |
| |
• | Level 2—Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets, but corroborated by market data. |
| |
• | Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs. |
The carrying value of financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their respective fair values due to the short-term nature of these items. The fair value of the Company’s convertible senior notes at March 31, 2019 are calculated utilizing market quotations from an over-the-counter trading market for these notes (Level 2). The carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s convertible senior notes are as follows (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial Liabilities Carried at Historical Cost | | Carrying Value | | Fair Value Measurements Using |
March 31, 2019 | | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 |
2.375% convertible senior notes due 2022 (1) | | $ | 294,356 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 339,825 |
| | $ | — |
|
(1) The closing price of the Company’s common stock was $38.06 per share at March 31, 2019 compared to a conversion price of $66.89 per share. Currently, the conversion price is above the stock price. The maximum conversion premium that can be due on the 2022 Notes is approximately 5.2 million shares of the Company’s common stock, which assumes no increases in the conversion rate for certain corporate events.
Short-term investments consist of asset-backed securities collateralized by credit card receivables, investment grade commercial paper and corporate bonds with maturities greater than three months, but less than one year. Long-term investments consist of asset-backed securities collateralized by credit card receivables and corporate bonds with maturities greater than one year. Net unrealized gains and losses from the Company’s short-term and long-term investments are reported in other comprehensive income (loss). At March 31, 2019, all of the Company’s short-term investments are classified as available for sale investments and are determined to be Level 2 instruments, which are measured at fair value using standard industry models with observable inputs. The fair value of the commercial paper is measured based on a standard industry model that uses the three-month U.S. Treasury bill rate as an observable input. The fair value of the asset-backed securities and corporate bonds is principally measured or corroborated by trade data for identical issues in which related trading activity is not sufficiently frequent to be considered a Level 1 input or that of comparable securities. At March 31, 2019, all short-term investments were rated A or better by Standard & Poor’s.
The following summarizes the Company’s investments at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
March 31, 2019 Investments | | Cost | | Gross Unrealized Gains | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value (Level 2) |
Short-term: | | | | | | | | |
Asset-backed securities | | $ | 20,342 |
| | $ | 46 |
| | $ | (4 | ) | | $ | 20,384 |
|
Commercial paper | | 48,791 |
| | 40 |
| | (1 | ) | | 48,830 |
|
Corporate bonds | | 128,091 |
| | 107 |
| | (6 | ) | | 128,192 |
|
Total | | $ | 197,224 |
| | $ | 193 |
| | $ | (11 | ) | | $ | 197,406 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2018 Investments | | Cost | | Gross Unrealized Gains | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value (Level 2) |
Short-term: | | | | | | | | |
Asset-backed securities | | $ | 34,873 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | (33 | ) | | $ | 34,840 |
|
Commercial paper | | 45,035 |
| | — |
| | (30 | ) | | 45,005 |
|
Corporate bonds | | 171,289 |
| | — |
| | (206 | ) | | 171,083 |
|
Subtotal | | 251,197 |
| | — |
| | (269 | ) | | 250,928 |
|
Long-term: | | | | | | | | |
Asset-backed securities | | 9,383 |
| | 5 |
| | — |
| | 9,388 |
|
Corporate bonds | | 16,499 |
| | — |
| | (16 | ) | | 16,483 |
|
Subtotal | | 25,882 |
| | 5 |
| | (16 | ) | | 25,871 |
|
Total | | $ | 277,079 |
| | $ | 5 |
| | $ | (285 | ) | | $ | 276,799 |
|
Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination, and long-lived assets, which would be recognized at fair value if deemed to be impaired or if reclassified as assets held for sale. The fair value in these instances would be determined using Level 3 inputs.
Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, long-term investments and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents with high-credit quality financial institutions. Such amounts may exceed federally-insured limits.
As of March 31, 2019, three wholesalers each accounted for over 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable, at 39%, 29% and 26%, respectively. At December 31, 2018, three wholesalers each accounted for over 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable, at 32%, 32% and 29%, respectively. For additional information regarding the Company’s wholesalers, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. Revenues are primarily derived from major wholesalers and pharmaceutical
companies that generally have significant cash resources. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers as warranted and generally does not require collateral. Allowances for doubtful accounts receivable are maintained based on historical payment patterns, aging of accounts receivable and the Company’s actual write-off history. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, no allowances for doubtful accounts were deemed necessary by the Company on its accounts receivable.
NOTE 10—STOCK PLANS
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense in the periods presented as follows (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, |
| | 2019 | | 2018 |
Cost of goods sold | | $ | 1,091 |
| | $ | 1,207 |
|
Research and development | | 1,218 |
| | 697 |
|
Selling, general and administrative | | 5,125 |
| | 6,481 |
|
Total | | $ | 7,434 |
| | $ | 8,385 |
|
| | | | |
Stock-based compensation from: | | | | |
Stock options (employee awards) | | $ | 4,930 |
| | $ | 6,356 |
|
Stock options (consultant awards) | | 191 |
| | 38 |
|
Restricted stock units (employee awards) | | 2,107 |
| | 1,790 |
|
Employee stock purchase plan | | 206 |
| | 201 |
|
Total | | $ | 7,434 |
| | $ | 8,385 |
|
Equity Awards
The following tables contain information about the Company’s stock option and restricted stock unit, or RSU, activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019:
|
| | | | | | | |
Stock Options | | Number of Options | | Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 | | 5,722,818 |
| | $ | 41.69 |
|
Granted | | 257,080 |
| | 39.40 |
|
Exercised | | (62,116 | ) | | 25.07 |
|
Forfeited | | (96,411 | ) | | 41.06 |
|
Expired | | (24,700 | ) | | 69.39 |
|
Outstanding at March 31, 2019 | | 5,796,671 |
| | 41.65 |
|
|
| | | | | | | |
Restricted Stock Units | | Number of Units | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Unvested at December 31, 2018 | | 577,964 |
| | $ | 42.14 |
|
Granted | | — |
| | — |
|
Vested | | (3,788 | ) | | 43.07 |
|
Forfeited | | (20,448 | ) | | 40.00 |
|
Unvested at March 31, 2019 | | 553,728 |
| | 42.21 |
|
The weighted average fair value of stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $19.38 per share. The fair values of stock options granted were estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following weighted average assumptions:
|
| | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 |
Expected dividend yield | | None |
Risk-free interest rate | | 2.48% |
Expected volatility | | 53.8% |
Expected term of options | | 5.13 years |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company’s 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP, features two six-month offering periods per year, running from January 1 to June 30 and July 1 to December 31. Under the ESPP, employees may elect to contribute after-tax earnings to purchase shares at 85% of the closing fair market value of the Company’s common stock on either the offering date or the purchase date, whichever is less. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, no shares were purchased and issued under the ESPP.
NOTE 11—STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table illustrates the changes in the balances of the Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, |
Net unrealized gains (losses) from available for sale investments: | | 2019 | | 2018 |
Balance at beginning of period | | $ | (280 | ) | | $ | (454 | ) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | | 462 |
| | (447 | ) |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | | — |
| | — |
|
Balance at end of period | | $ | 182 |
| | $ | (901 | ) |
NOTE 12—NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares include the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, the vesting of RSUs, the purchase of shares from the ESPP (using the treasury stock method) as well as the conversion of the excess conversion value on the 2022 Notes. As discussed in Note 8, Debt, the Company has the option to pay cash for the aggregate principal amount due upon the conversion of its 2022 Notes. Since it is the Company’s intent to settle the principal amount of its 2022 Notes in cash, the potentially dilutive effect of such notes on net income (loss) per share is computed under the treasury stock method. The Company settled the principal and conversion premium of its 2019 Notes in cash.
Potential common shares are excluded from the diluted net income (loss) per share computation to the extent they would be antidilutive. Because the Company reported a net loss for each of the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, no potentially dilutive securities have been included in the computation of diluted net loss per share for those periods.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands, except per share amounts): |
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
2019 | | 2018 |
Numerator: | | | |
Net loss | $ | (2,771 | ) | | $ | (10,680 | ) |
Denominator: | | | |
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 41,240 |
| | 40,707 |
|
Net loss per share: | | | |
Basic and diluted net loss per common share | $ | (0.07 | ) | | $ | (0.26 | ) |
The following outstanding stock options, RSUs, conversion premiums on the Company’s convertible senior notes and ESPP purchase options are antidilutive in the periods presented (in thousands): |
| | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2019 | | 2018 |
Weighted average number of stock options | 5,792 |
| | 5,034 |
|
Weighted average number of RSUs | 559 |
| | 489 |
|
Conversion premium on the 2019 Notes | — |
| | 4 |
|
Weighted average ESPP purchase options | 37 |
| | 31 |
|
Total | 6,388 |
| | 5,558 |
|
NOTE 13—INCOME TAXES
Income (loss) before income taxes is as follows (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2019 | | 2018 |
Income (loss) before income taxes: | | | |
Domestic | $ | 1,819 |
| | $ | (9,813 | ) |
Foreign | (4,337 | ) | | (832 | ) |
Total loss before income taxes | $ | (2,518 | ) | | $ | (10,645 | ) |
The Company recorded income tax expense of $0.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019 and less than $0.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2018. The tax provisions for 2018 and 2019 reflect current state income taxes. Due to net operating losses, or NOLs, carried forward, and the repeal of the corporate minimum tax, no current federal income tax expense was recorded for 2018 or 2019. The utilization of the Company’s NOLs has not resulted in any deferred federal tax expense because there was a full valuation allowance recorded with respect to the NOLs.
NOTE 14—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation
From time to time, the Company has been and may again become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of its business, including those related to patents, product liability and government investigations. Except as described below, the Company is not presently a party to any legal proceedings which it believes to be material, and is not aware of any pending or threatened litigation against the Company which it believes could have a material adverse effect on its business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows.
In April 2015, the Company received a subpoena from the U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of New Jersey, requiring the production of a broad range of documents pertaining to marketing and promotional
practices related to EXPAREL. The Company is cooperating with the government’s inquiry. The Company can make no assurances as to the time or resources that will need to be devoted to this inquiry or its final outcome, or the impact, if any, of this inquiry or any proceedings on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
NOTE 15—COMMERCIAL PARTNERS AND OTHER AGREEMENTS
DepoCyt(e) Discontinuation
In June 2017, the Company’s board of directors approved a decision to discontinue all future production of DepoCyt® (U.S. and Canada) and DepoCyte® (European Union) due to persistent technical issues specific to the DepoCyt(e) manufacturing process. As of June 30, 2017, the Company had ceased all production of DepoCyt(e).
In both of the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded charges of less than $0.1 million related to the discontinuation of its DepoCyt(e) manufacturing activities. Both periods included charges for asset retirement obligations and other contract and exit costs. The three month period ended March 31, 2018 also included lease charges. At January 1, 2019, there was a balance sheet reclassification from the lease cost reserves related to the DepoCyt(e) discontinuation to lease liabilities in the amount of $1.5 million, recognized as part of the transition to the new lease accounting standard. See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for more information.
Cash payments related to the DepoCyt(e) manufacturing facility are expected to continue through the end of the lease term in August 2020.
As of March 31, 2019, a summary of the Company’s costs and reserves related to the DepoCyt(e) discontinuation are as follows (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Lease Costs | | Asset Retirement Obligations and Other Discontinuation Costs | | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 1,970 |
| | $ | 282 |
| | $ | 2,252 |
|
Charges incurred | — |
| | 11 |
| | 11 |
|
Cash payments made | — |
| | (71 | ) | | (71 | ) |
Reclassifications | (1,970 | ) | | 455 |
| | (1,515 | ) |
Balance at March 31, 2019 | $ | — |
| | $ | 677 |
| | $ | 677 |
|
In April 2018, the Company received formal notice of the termination of a Supply Agreement and a Distribution Agreement (and all related agreements as subsequently amended) from Mundipharma International Corporation Limited and Mundipharma Medical Company, respectively. The Company may be required to make additional payments or incur additional costs relating to the DepoCyt(e) discontinuation which could be material to the Company’s results of operations and/or cash flows in a given period.
NOTE 16—SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On April 9, 2019, the Company acquired MyoScience, a privately-held medical device company, pursuant to the terms of an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), under which MyoScience became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. MyoScience currently markets the Iovera system, a novel, FDA-approved non-opioid treatment that immediately alleviates pain for up to 90 days by applying intense cold to targeted nerves in a process called cryoanalgesia. After the closing of the acquisition, the Company changed its corporate name to Pacira BioSciences, Inc., in order to better reflect a broadening portfolio of innovative non-opioid pain management and regenerative health solutions. MyoScience was renamed Pacira CryoTech, Inc., while the Company’s California operating subsidiary retained the name Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The Company’s common stock continues to trade on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “PCRX.”
The consideration included an initial payment of $120.0 million, subject to adjustment based on customary post-closing purchase price adjustments and indemnification obligations. The Merger Agreement also provides for contingent milestone payments of up to an aggregate of $100.0 million upon the achievement of certain regulatory and commercial milestones, of which up to $25.0 million may be payable in shares of the Company’s common stock if achieved in 2020. The Company funded the initial payment from cash on hand.
The primary assets and liabilities of the business purchased include intellectual property, other intangible assets, equipment, inventory, receivables, payables and accrued expenses. Due to the relatively short time from the date of acquisition
to the completion of these financial statements, the initial accounting for the acquisition is not complete, nor is the preliminary evaluation of the fair value for significant assets and liabilities, including intangible assets. The Company will provide the preliminary purchase price allocation as an amendment to its current report on Form 8-K filed on April 9, 2019.
Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and certain other communications made by us contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, including statements about our growth and future operating results, discovery and development of products, strategic alliances and intellectual property. For this purpose, any statement that is not a statement of historical fact should be considered a forward-looking statement. We often use the words “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “can” and similar expressions to help identify forward-looking statements. We cannot assure you that our estimates, assumptions and expectations will prove to have been correct. These forward-looking statements include, among others, statements about: the success of our sales and manufacturing efforts in support of the commercialization of EXPAREL®(bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension); the rate and degree of market acceptance of EXPAREL; the size and growth of the potential markets for EXPAREL and our ability to serve those markets; our plans to expand the use of EXPAREL to additional indications and opportunities, and the timing and success of any related clinical trials; our ability to realize the anticipated benefits and synergies from the acquisition of MyoScience, Inc., or MyoScience; the ability to successfully integrate iovera°® and MyoScience into the Company’s existing business; the commercial success of iovera°; the related timing and success of United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, supplemental New Drug Applications, or sNDA; the outcome of the U.S. Department of Justice, or DOJ, inquiry; the Company’s plans to evaluate, develop and pursue additional DepoFoam®-based product candidates; clinical trials in support of an existing or potential DepoFoam-based product; our commercialization and marketing capabilities and our ability to successfully construct a second EXPAREL manufacturing suite through our partnership with Thermo Fisher Scientific Pharma Services (formerly Patheon UK Limited), or Thermo Fisher. Important factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated or implied by forward-looking statements. We undertake no intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, and readers should not rely on the forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these statements. These factors include items mentioned herein and the matters discussed and referenced in Part I-Item 1A. “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and in other reports as filed with the SEC.
Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “Pacira,” “we,” the “Company,” “us” and “our” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q refer to Pacira BioSciences, Inc. and its subsidiaries. In addition, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to DepoCyt(e) mean DepoCyt® when discussed in the context of the United States, or U.S., and Canada and DepoCyte® when discussed in the context of the European Union, or E.U.
Overview
Pacira is a leader in developing, manufacturing and commercializing non-opioid pain management and regenerative health solutions dedicated to advancing and improving outcomes for health care practitioners and their patients. Our long-acting, local analgesic EXPAREL was commercially launched in April 2012. EXPAREL utilizes DepoFoam, a unique and proprietary delivery technology that encapsulates drugs without altering their molecular structure and releases them over a desired period of time. EXPAREL is currently indicated for single-dose infiltration in adults to produce postsurgical local analgesia and as an interscalene brachial plexus nerve block to produce postsurgical regional analgesia. Since its initial approval in 2011 for single-dose infiltration, more than five million patients have been treated with EXPAREL. We drop-ship EXPAREL directly to the end-user based on orders placed to wholesalers or directly to us, and there is no product held by wholesalers.
We expect to continue to incur significant expenses as we pursue the expanded use of EXPAREL in additional procedures; progress our earlier-stage product candidate pipeline; advance regulatory activities for EXPAREL and other product candidates; invest in sales and marketing resources; expand and enhance our manufacturing capacity for EXPAREL; invest in products, businesses and technologies and support legal matters.
MyoScience Acquisition
On April 9, 2019, we acquired MyoScience, a privately-held medical device company, pursuant to the terms of an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), under which MyoScience became a wholly-owned subsidiary of us. MyoScience currently markets the iovera°, or Iovera, system, a novel, FDA-approved non-opioid treatment that immediately alleviates pain for up to 90 days by applying intense cold to targeted nerves in a process called cryoanalgesia. After the closing of the acquisition, we changed our corporate name to Pacira BioSciences, Inc., in order to better reflect a broadening portfolio of innovative non-opioid pain management and regenerative health solutions. MyoScience was renamed Pacira CryoTech, Inc., while our Company’s California operating subsidiary retained the name Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Our common stock continues to trade on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “PCRX.”
The consideration included an initial payment of $120.0 million, subject to adjustment based on customary post-closing purchase price adjustments and indemnification obligations. The Merger Agreement also provides for contingent milestone payments of up to an aggregate of $100.0 million upon the achievement of certain regulatory and commercial milestones, of which up to $25.0 million may be payable in shares of our common stock if achieved in 2020. We funded the initial payment from cash on hand.
EXPAREL
Interscalene brachial plexus block
Nerve block is a general term used to refer to the injection of local anesthetic onto a nerve or bundle of nerves for regional pain control. Traditionally, nerve blocks are single injections of short-acting anesthetics and as a result, have a limited duration of action. When extended pain management is required, a catheter has been used to deliver bupivacaine continuously using an external pump. EXPAREL provides long-lasting pain control in a single-dose and avoids the common problems associated with pumps and catheters, such as migration, leaking, malfunction, infection and patient compliance.
Brachial plexus blocks are emerging as a mainstay of postsurgical pain control for upper extremity procedures. We believe the use of EXPAREL as an interscalene brachial plexus block offers the opportunity to:
•turn off pain at the surgical site;
•further engage the anesthesiologist audience; and
•shift inpatient procedures to ambulatory surgery centers.
In April 2018, the FDA approved our sNDA to broaden the use of EXPAREL to include administration via interscalene brachial plexus block to produce postsurgical regional analgesia. With this approval, EXPAREL is the first long-acting, single-dose nerve block available for patients undergoing upper extremity surgeries, such as total shoulder arthroplasty or rotator cuff repair. The sNDA approval was based on positive data from a Phase 3 study of EXPAREL in brachial plexus block for shoulder surgeries, in which EXPAREL demonstrated statistical significance relative to placebo for the primary endpoint of cumulative pain scores over 48 hours as measured by the area under the curve (P<0.0001). EXPAREL also achieved statistical significance versus placebo for the study’s key secondary endpoints as follows: total postsurgical opioid consumption through 48 hours (P<0.0001); opioid-free subjects through 48 hours (P<0.01) and time to first opioid rescue through 48 hours (P<0.0001).
Phase 4 Trials
We are expanding the clinical evidence for EXPAREL through Phase 4 clinical trials across several surgical specialties.
In January 2019, we reported positive topline results from a Phase 4 study of EXPAREL in patients undergoing Cesarean section, or C-section. The study compared an EXPAREL transversus abdominis plane, or TAP, block to a bupivacaine TAP block and achieved its primary endpoint with a statistically significant reduction in total postsurgical opioid consumption through 72 hours (p<0.05). EXPAREL also achieved statistical significance for reduction in pain intensity scores through 72 hours (p<0.05). The study also achieved statistical significance (p<0.05) for relevant additional endpoints, including: (i) reduced total opioid consumption at one and two weeks following C-section and (ii) an increased percentage of opioid-spared patients, a composite endpoint, which was defined as patients who took no more than one oxycodone 10mg tablet (or
equivalent) and graded their bother or stress from the following opioid-related adverse events as “not at all”: vomiting, itching, sweating, freezing or dizziness. These data have been accepted for presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology on May 4, 2019. The full study results will be submitted for publication in the peer-reviewed medical literature.
Patient enrollment is underway in a second C-section study, which is known as CHOICE. This multicenter, randomized, active controlled study is evaluating the efficacy and safety of EXPAREL when administered via infiltration into the TAP versus the standard of care in patients undergoing elective C-section. The study’s primary objective is to compare total opioid consumption through 72 hours. The study is designed to evaluate a completely opioid-free arm with EXPAREL, including opioid-free spinal anesthesia.
We are also activating sites for a Phase 4 study in spine surgeries and a Phase 4 study in hip fracture procedures.
In surgical settings where we are seeing positive outcomes for EXPAREL as part of an enhanced recovery after surgery, or ERAS, protocol (such as colorectal and breast reconstruction procedures), we are investing in training around the protocol and collecting real-world data on the standard-of-care without EXPAREL compared to an EXPAREL-based ERAS protocol. Our Phase 4 strategy also supports clinician education on procedure-specific best-practice care for improved patient outcomes and customer satisfaction within our approved indications.
Pediatrics
The Pediatric Research Equity Act requires pharmaceutical companies to study their products in children for the same use for which they are approved in adults. There is no long-lasting local anesthetic approved for use in children under the age of 12, meaning that pediatric patients currently have no approved alternatives to opioids for the management of severe postsurgical pain and need additional pain control options.
We have completed our first pharmacokinetic and safety study in children aged 12 to 17 undergoing corrective spine surgery. We are currently enrolling patients in a multicenter study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of EXPAREL for postsurgical analgesia via infiltration in pediatric patients aged 6 to less than 17 years undergoing various types of surgeries. We are also working with the FDA to define a program to study the administration of EXPAREL as a nerve block in the pediatric setting.
Global Expansion
We have defined a global expansion strategy for EXPAREL that we believe provides us with the opportunity to increase our revenue and leverage our fixed cost infrastructure. We have prioritized Europe, Canada and China. In the E.U., we have secured a positive opinion for our Pediatric Investigation Plan (PIP) and we plan to submit our Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) around the middle of 2019. In Canada, which is a concentrated market driven by four provinces, we are planning a New Drug Submission around the middle of 2019. We do not intend to pursue a commercial partnership to commercialize EXPAREL in Europe or Canada. In China, we have received feedback from the National Medical Products Administration, or NMPA, regarding the regulatory requirements for securing approval of EXPAREL. We believe we have the necessary clarity from the NMPA, and we are in the process of finalizing our regulatory path forward. We also have an agreement with Nuance Biotech Co. Ltd., a China-based specialty pharmaceutical company, for the development and commercialization of EXPAREL in China.
Product Pipeline
Given the proven safety, flexibility and customizability of our DepoFoam platform for acute, sub-acute and chronic pain applications, we have several DepoFoam-based products in preclinical development. Following data readouts from animal and other feasibility studies for these candidates, we have prioritized two programs for clinical development: (i) the intrathecal delivery of a DepoFoam-based local anesthetic, other than bupivacaine, for acute and chronic pain and (ii) DepoDexmedetomidine, a sedative-analgesic for end-of-life pain and painful conditions in the elderly.
In parallel, our business development team continues to pursue innovative acquisition targets that align with our strategy and are complementary to EXPAREL. In April 2019, we added the Iovera system to our commercial offering through the acquisition of MyoScience, and we are thoughtfully pursuing additional opportunities that are of great interest to the surgical and anesthesia audiences we are already calling on today. Our goal is to build a portfolio of customer-focused non-opioid solutions to improve patients’ journeys along the neural pain pathway.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
Revenues
Net product sales primarily consist of sales of EXPAREL in the U.S. Other product sales include sales of our bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension to Aratana Therapeutics, Inc., or Aratana, for use in animals. Any licensing, milestone and royalty revenues are from our collaborative licensing agreement with Aratana.
The following table provides information regarding our revenues during the periods indicated, including percent changes (dollar amounts in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | | % Increase / (Decrease) |
| |
| 2019 | | 2018 | |
Net product sales: | | | | | |
EXPAREL | $ | 90,615 |
| | $ | 74,034 |
| | 22% |
Other product sales | 291 |
| | 253 |
| | 15% |
Total net product sales | 90,906 |
| | 74,287 |
| | 22% |
Royalty revenue | 407 |
| | 320 |
| | 27% |
Total revenues | $ | 91,313 |
| | $ | 74,607 |
| | 22% |
EXPAREL revenue grew 22% in the three months ended March 31, 2019 versus the same period in 2018, primarily due to an increase in unit volume of 30%, partially offset by the mix of EXPAREL product sizes. The demand for EXPAREL has continued to increase as a result of a number of key growth initiatives, such as the expansion of the EXPAREL label in April 2018 to include brachial plexus nerve block, the success of our co-promotion agreement with DePuy Synthes Sales, Inc., or DePuy Synthes, and the continued implementation of EXPAREL-based ERAS protocols across a wide range of surgical procedures, all of which are driving growth in new and existing accounts due to the continued adoption of EXPAREL as a critical component of multimodal pain management strategies for soft tissue and orthopedic procedures.
Other product sales increased 15% in the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018, due to an increase in sales of our bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension to Aratana for use in animals.
Royalty revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2019 reflects royalties earned on sales to Aratana. Royalty revenue increased 27% in the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018.
The following tables provide a summary of activity with respect to our sales related allowances and accruals for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
March 31, 2019 | | Returns Allowances | | Prompt Payment Discounts | | Wholesaler Service Fees | | Volume Rebates and Chargebacks | | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | | $ | 344 |
| | $ | 779 |
| | $ | 1,167 |
| | $ | 1,010 |
| | $ | 3,300 |
|
Provision | | 173 |
| | 1,873 |
| | 1,418 |
| | 1,959 |
| | 5,423 |
|
Payments / Adjustments | | (141 | ) | | (1,829 | ) | | (1,741 | ) | | (1,685 | ) | | (5,396 | ) |
Balance at March 31, 2019 | | $ | 376 |
| | $ | 823 |
| | $ | 844 |
| | $ | 1,284 |
| | $ | 3,327 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
March 31, 2018 | | Returns Allowances | | Prompt Payment Discounts | | Wholesaler Service Fees | | Volume Rebates and Chargebacks | | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2017 | | $ | 821 |
| | $ | 657 |
| | $ | 839 |
| | $ | 696 |
| | $ | 3,013 |
|
Provision | | 156 |
| | 1,527 |
| | 1,171 |
| | 1,307 |
| | 4,161 |
|
Payments / Adjustments | | (151 | ) | | (1,546 | ) | | (1,321 | ) | | (1,289 | ) | | (4,307 | ) |
Balance at March 31, 2018 | | $ | 826 |
| | $ | 638 |
| | $ | 689 |
| | $ | 714 |
| | $ | 2,867 |
|
Total reductions of gross product sales from sales-related allowances and accruals were $5.4 million and $4.2 million, or 5.6% and 5.3% of gross product sales, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The overall increase in sales-related allowances and accruals as a percentage of gross product sales was directly related to an increase in discounting driven by higher volume from customers with discount contracts.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold primarily relates to the costs to produce, package and deliver our products to customers. These expenses include labor, raw materials, manufacturing overhead and occupancy costs, depreciation of facilities, royalty payments, quality control and engineering.
The following table provides information regarding our cost of goods sold and gross margin during the periods indicated, including percent changes (dollar amounts in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | | % Increase / (Decrease) |
| |
| 2019 | | 2018 | |
Cost of goods sold | $ | 27,303 |
| | $ | 22,885 |
| | 19% |
Gross margin | 70 | % | | 69 | % | | |
The improvement in our gross margin for the three months ended March 31, 2019 versus the same period in 2018 was primarily attributable to a reduction in capacity expansion expenses resulting from the commencement of commercial production of EXPAREL at our custom manufacturing suite in Swindon, England, under our partnership with Thermo Fisher.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses primarily consist of costs related to clinical trials and related outside services, product development and other research and development costs, including Phase 4 trials that we are conducting to generate new data and best-practice administration techniques for EXPAREL and stock-based compensation expense. Clinical development expenses include costs for clinical personnel, clinical trials performed by third-parties, materials and supplies, database management and other third-party fees. Product development and other research and development expenses include development costs for our products and medical information expenses, which include personnel, equipment, materials and contractor costs for process development and product candidates, toxicology studies, development costs related to significant scale-ups of our manufacturing capacity, facility costs for our research space and regulatory activities related to unapproved products and indications. Stock-based compensation expense relates to the costs of stock option grants, awards of restricted stock units, or RSUs, and our employee stock purchase plan, or ESPP.
The following table provides information regarding our research and development expenses during the periods indicated, including percent changes (dollar amounts in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | | % Increase / (Decrease) |
| |
| 2019 | | 2018 | |
Clinical development | $ | 5,176 |
| | $ | 6,795 |
| | (24)% |
Product development and other | 7,990 |
| | 6,886 |
| | 16% |
Stock-based compensation | 1,218 |
| | 697 |
| | 75% |
Total research and development expense | $ | 14,384 |
| | $ | 14,378 |
| | —% |
% of total revenues | 16 | % | | |