All references to “Sypris,” the “Company,” “we” or “our” include Sypris Solutions, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Sypris is a diversified provider of truck components, oil and gas pipeline components and aerospace and defense electronics. The Company produces a wide range of manufactured products, often under multi-year, sole-source contracts. The Company offers such products through its two business segments, Sypris Technologies, Inc. (“Sypris Technologies”) and Sypris Electronics, LLC (“Sypris Electronics”) (See Note 13).

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Sypris Solutions, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and have been prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Accordingly, pursuant to such rules and regulations, certain notes and other financial information included in audited financial statements have been condensed or omitted. The December 31, 2017 consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The Company’s operations are domiciled in the United States (U.S.) and Mexico, and we serve a wide variety of domestic and international customers. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated.

These unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all material adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to fairly state the results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the periods presented, and the disclosures herein are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Preparing financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. Actual results for the three months ended April 1, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, for the year ended December 31, 2017 as presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606), which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance. Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2014-09, the FASB clarified the new guidance through several additional ASUs; hereinafter the collection of revenue guidance is referred to as “ASC 606.”

ASC 606 is based on the principle that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and any assets recognized from costs incurred to fulfill a contract. The Company adopted the guidance effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. Results for reporting periods beginning January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic accounting under ASC 605, Revenue Recognition.

We recorded a net decrease to beginning accumulated deficit of $170,000 as of January 1, 2018, for the cumulative impact of adopting the new guidance. The impact primarily arises from a change in how we account for certain federally funded programs within Sypris Electronics where we transfer control of the products to the customer as they are produced (i.e., a change from recognizing revenue at a point in time to recognizing revenue over time, resulting in revenue being recognized earlier in the process of completing the performance obligation).

The following table summarizes the cumulative effect of the changes to our unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018 from the adoption of ASC 606:

Under the modified retrospective method of adoption, we are also required to disclose in the first year of adoption the hypothetical impact to our financial statements if we had continued to follow our accounting policies under ASC 605 during the period. We estimate that the impact to revenue for the quarter ended April 1, 2018 would have been a decrease of approximately $507,000 representing the amount of revenue recognized over time versus at a point in time under ASC 606. Additionally, the adoption of ASC 606 decreased our operating loss and net loss by $106,000, or $0.01 per share in the quarter ended April 1, 2018.

The following table summarizes the effect of adopting ASC 606 on our unaudited consolidated statement of operations for the quarter ended April 1, 2018:

The following table summarizes the cumulative effect of the changes to our unaudited consolidated balance sheets as of April 1, 2018 from the adoption of ASC 606:

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842). The new standard was issued to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This standard affects any entity that enters into a lease, with some specified scope exemptions. The guidance in this update supersedes FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 840, Leases. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. We believe the adoption of the standard will likely have a material impact to our consolidated balance sheets for the recognition of certain operating leases as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. We are in the process of analyzing our lease portfolio and evaluating systems to comply with the standard’s retrospective adoption requirements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (ASU 2016-15). This ASU provides guidance to clarify how certain cash receipts and payments should be presented in the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted the guidance effective January 1, 2018. This guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated statement of cash flows.

In October 2016, the FASB issued guidance that simplifies the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. Current U.S. GAAP prohibits the recognition in earnings of current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity transfer until the asset is sold to an outside party or recovered through use. This amendment simplifies the accounting by requiring entities to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. The Company adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2018. This guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheets, results of operations or cash flows.

In November 2016, the FASB released guidance that addresses the diversity in practice in the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018. This guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheets, results of operations or cash flows.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost (ASU 2017-07). The update requires employers to present the service cost component of the net periodic benefit cost in the same income statement line item as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. The other components of net benefit cost, including interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service cost/credit and actuarial gain/loss, and settlement and curtailment effects, are to be presented outside of any subtotal of operating income. The income statement guidance requires application on a retrospective basis. The Company adopted the ASU on January 1, 2018, and as a result operating income increased $156,000 and other income decreased by $156,000 for the three months ended April 2, 2017. The Company used the practical expedient provided in ASU 2017-07 that permits the use of the amounts disclosed in its benefit plans notes for the prior comparative periods as the estimation basis for applying the retrospective presentation requirements. These changes in presentation do not result in any changes to net loss or loss per share. Details of the components of net periodic benefit costs are provided in Note 16.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, which is an update to ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. The update provides guidance on determining which changes to the terms and conditions of share-based payment awards, including stock options, require an entity to apply modification accounting under ASC 718. The Company adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2017-09 did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (ASU 2018-02). Under existing U.S. GAAP, the effects of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred tax balances are recorded as a component of income tax expense in the period in which the law was enacted. When deferred tax balances related to items originally recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income are adjusted, certain tax effects become stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”). The amendments in this ASU also require certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption in any period is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the timing and impact of adopting ASU 2018-02.

The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of a promised product or rendering a service to a customer. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the product or service (the “transaction price”). The Company’s transaction price in its contracts with customers is generally fixed; no payment discounts, rebates, refunds, or any other forms of variable consideration are included within its contracts. The Company also does not provide service-type warranties either via written agreement or customary business practice, nor does it allow customer returns. In connection with the sale of various parts to customers, the Company is subject to typical assurance warranty obligations covering the compliance of the electronics parts produced to agreed-upon specifications (See Note 14). Customer returns, when they occur, relate to quality rework issues and are not connected to any repurchase obligation of the Company.

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct product or render a service to a customer and is the unit of account to which the transaction price is allocated under ASC 606. When a contract contains multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price to the individual performance obligations using the price at which the promised goods or services would be sold to customers on a standalone basis. For most sales within our Sypris Technologies segment and a portion of sales within Sypris Electronics, control transfers to the customer at a point in time. Indicators that control has transferred include the Company having a present right to payment, the customer obtaining legal title and the customer having the significant risks and rewards of ownership. The Company’s principal terms of sale are FOB Shipping Point, or equivalent, and, as such, the Company primarily transfers control and records revenue for product sales upon shipment.

For contracts where Sypris Electronics serves as a contractor for aerospace and defense companies under federally funded programs, we generally recognize revenue over time as we perform because of continuous transfer of control to the customer. This continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by clauses in the contracts that allow the customer to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay us for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit and take control of any work in process. Because of control transferring over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. We use labor hours incurred as a measure of progress for these contracts because it best depicts the Company’s performance of the obligation to the customer, which occurs as we incur labor on our contracts. Under this measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of labor hours incurred to date to the total estimated labor hours at completion of the performance obligation.

The majority of our arrangements are for one year or less. For the remaining population of non-cancellable contracts greater than one year we had $6,211,000 of remaining performance obligations as of April 1, 2018, all of which were long-term Sypris Electronics’ contracts. We expect to recognize approximately 70% of our remaining performance obligations as revenue by 2018, 22% in 2019 and the balance thereafter.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table summarizes revenue from contracts with customers for the three months ended April 1, 2018:

Contract Balances

Differences in the timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets) and deferred revenue, customer deposits and billings in excess of revenue recognized (contract liabilities) on the consolidated balance sheets.

Contract assets – Contract assets include unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales under contracts where revenue is recognized over time and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer, and the right to payment is subject to conditions other than the passage of time. Contract assets are generally classified as current assets in the consolidated balance sheet. The balance of contract assets as of April 1, 2018 and at the date of adoption of ASC 606 were $1,331,000 and $825,000, respectively, and are included within other current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Contract liabilities— Some of the Company’s contracts within Sypris Electronics are billed as work progresses in accordance with the contract terms and conditions, either at periodic intervals or upon achievement of certain milestones. Often this results in billing occurring prior to revenue recognition resulting in contract liabilities. Additionally, the Company occasionally receives cash payments from customers in advance of the Company’s performance resulting in contract liabilities. These contract liabilities are classified as either current or long-term in the consolidated balance sheet based on the timing of when the Company expects to recognize revenue. As of April 1, 2018 and at the date of adoption of ASC 606, contract liabilities were $1,268,000 and $1,509,000, respectively, and are included within accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Payments received from customers in advance of revenue recognition are not considered to be significant financing components because they are used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract.

The Company recognized revenue from contract liabilities of $727,000 and $250,000 during the first quarters of 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Practical expedients and exemptions

Sales commissions are expensed when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with original expected lengths of one year or less.

The Company completed a number of strategic actions during the past three years in response to the nonrenewal of supply agreements with certain Tier I automotive customers primarily due to global pricing constraints, the downturn in the commercial vehicle market beginning in the fourth quarter of 2015 and other market and economic factors impacting the Company. Strategic actions taken included: (i) initiation of the Company’s exit from the Broadway Plant (defined below) (see Note 6), (ii) the sale of Sypris Electronics’ SioMetrics, Cyber Range, Information Security Solutions and Data Systems product lines (the “CSS business”) in 2016, (iii) the sale and leaseback of the Company’s facility in Toluca, Mexico in 2016, (iv) the sale of the Company’s manufacturing facility in Morganton, North Carolina in 2015, (v) the capacity reallocation of certain oil and gas industry components to Mexico, (vi) the relocation of its Sypris Electronics operation to a new facility beginning in 2017, and (vii) reductions in employment costs through reduced work schedules, senior management pay reductions and deferral of merit increases and certain benefit payments. Using a portion of the proceeds generated from the asset sales noted above, the Company paid off all of its most senior secured debt consisting of a “Term Loan” and “Revolving Credit Facility” in August 2016. During this period, the Company also received the benefit of cash infusions from Gill Family Capital Management, Inc. (“GFCM”) in the form of secured promissory note obligations totaling $6,500,000 in principal, originally scheduled to mature in 2019. The GFCM note was amended during 2017 to, among others things, extend the maturity dates so that the note matures in part in 2021, 2023 and 2025 (see Note 12).

The Company has embraced a strategic change in its business by repositioning away from certain of its traditional Tier 1 customers that represent the primary suppliers to the original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) in the commercial vehicle markets, while targeting to replace these customers with longer-term relationships, especially among the OEMs and others who place a higher value on the Company’s innovation, flexibility and core commitment to lean manufacturing principles. Among the customer programs not being renewed was a supply agreement with Meritor Inc. (“Meritor”), which expired on January 1, 2017, which utilized production at the Company’s Louisville, Kentucky automotive and commercial vehicle manufacturing plant (the “Broadway Plant”). The Company similarly has experienced a reduction in certain portions of its business with Eaton Corporation (“Eaton”). As a result of these decisions, the Company experienced a significant reduction in its commercial vehicle revenues in 2017 (See Note 6).

On February 21, 2017, the Board of Directors approved a modified exit or disposal plan with respect to the Broadway Plant, which included the relocation of production to other Company facilities, as needed, and/or the closure of the plant. The relocation of production was complete as of the end of 2017. The Company has relocated certain assets from the Broadway Plant to other manufacturing facilities, as needed, to serve its existing and target customer base and identified underutilized or non-core assets for disposal. Management expects to use a portion of the proceeds from the sale of any underutilized or non-core assets to fund costs incurred in the transfer of any additional equipment from the Broadway Plant. Management will evaluate options for the real estate and any remaining assets in the Broadway Plant in 2018.

As a result of these initiatives, the Company recorded charges of $509,000, or $0.03 per share, and $998,000, or $0.05 per share, during the first three months of 2018 and 2017, respectively, related to the transition of production from the Broadway Plant, which is included in severance, relocation and other costs in the consolidated statement of operations. All $509,000 incurred during the three months ended April 1, 2018 was recorded within Sypris Technologies. Of these costs, $68,000 was for equipment relocation costs and $441,000 for other costs, primarily related to mothball costs associated with the closed facility. The charges for the three months ended April 2, 2017 included $627,000 for severance and benefit related costs and $371,000 for equipment relocation costs. A summary of the total pre-tax charges is as follows (in thousands):

A summary of costs and related reserves for the transition of production from the Broadway Plant at April 1, 2018 is as follows (in thousands):

The Company expects to incur additional pre-tax costs of approximately $582,000 within Sypris Technologies, the majority of which is expected to be cash expenditures.

As noted above, management expects to use proceeds from the sale of underutilized or non-core assets to fund costs incurred on the transfer of equipment from the Broadway Plant and the transition of the related production. The following assets have been segregated and included in assets held for sale in the consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

As described in Note 3 and Note 16, the Company adopted ASU 2017-07 in the first quarter of 2018. ASU 2017-07 requires the Company to disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net periodic benefit costs and requires application on a retrospective basis. Accordingly, the other components of net periodic benefit costs included in other income for the three month periods ended April 1, 2018 and April 2, 2017 were $175,000 and $156,000, respectively.

During the three months ended April 1, 2018, the Company recognized a net gain of $281,000 related to the sale of idle assets and recognized foreign currency related losses of $27,000 related to the U.S. dollar denominated monetary asset position of our Mexican subsidiaries for which the Mexican peso is the functional currency. For the three months ended April 2, 2017, the Company recognized net gains of $2,416,000 related to the sale of idle assets and recognized foreign currency related losses of $430,000 for the three months ended April 2, 2017.

On April 1, 2018, the Company granted 665,000 options under a long-term incentive program. The options have a five year term and cliff vest at three years of service. The grants did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements during the quarter ended April 1, 2018.

The Company computes earnings per share using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for common stock and participating securities. Restricted stock granted by the Company is considered a participating security since it contains a non-forfeitable right to dividends.

Our potentially dilutive securities include potential common shares related to our stock options and restricted stock. Diluted earnings per share considers the impact of potentially dilutive securities except in periods in which there is a loss because the inclusion of the potential common shares would have an anti-dilutive effect. Diluted earnings per share excludes the impact of common shares related to our stock options in periods in which the option exercise price is greater than the average market price of our common stock for the period. For the three months ended April 1, 2018 and April 2, 2017, diluted weighted average common shares do not include the impact of any outstanding stock options and unvested compensation-related shares because the effect of these items on diluted net loss would be anti-dilutive.

A reconciliation of the weighted average shares outstanding used in the calculation of basic and diluted loss per common share is as follows (in thousands):

Inventory consists of the following (in thousands):

Property, plant and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):

Debt outstanding consists of the following (in thousands):

Note Payable – Related Party

The Company has received the benefit of cash infusions from GFCM in the form of secured promissory note obligations totaling $6,500,000 in principal as of April 1, 2018 and December 31, 2017. GFCM is an entity controlled by the Company’s chairman, president and chief executive officer, Jeffrey T. Gill and one of our directors, R. Scott Gill. GFCM, Jeffrey T. Gill and R. Scott Gill are significant beneficial stockholders of the Company. The promissory note bears interest at a rate of 8.0% per year until March 31, 2019 and, thereafter, at the greater of 8.0% or 500 basis points above the five-year Treasury note average during the preceding 90-day period, in each case, payable quarterly. The maturity dates for the obligation are as follows: $2,500,000 of the obligation on April 1, 2021, $2,000,000 on April 1, 2023 and the balance on April 1, 2025. The note allows for up to an 18-month deferral of payment for up to 60% of the interest due on the portion of the notes maturing in April of 2021 and 2023.

Obligations under the promissory note are guaranteed by all of the subsidiaries and are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all assets of the Company.

Capital Lease Obligation

On March 9, 2016, the Company completed the sale of its 24-acre Toluca property for 215,000,000 Mexican Pesos, or approximately $12,182,000 in U.S. dollars. Simultaneously, the Company entered into a ten-year lease of the 9 acres and buildings currently occupied by the Company and needed for its ongoing business in Toluca. As a result of the Toluca Sale-Leaseback, the Company has a capital lease obligation of $2,890,000 for the building as of April 1, 2018.

In January 2018, the Company entered into a 36-month capital lease for $1,277,000 for new production equipment installed at its Sypris Electronics facility during 2017. The balance of the capital lease obligation as of April 1, 2018 was $912,000.

The Company is organized into two business segments, Sypris Technologies and Sypris Electronics. The segments are each managed separately because of the distinctions between the products, markets, customers, technologies and workforce skills of the segments. Sypris Technologies manufactures forged and finished steel components and subassemblies, high-pressure closures and other fabricated products. Sypris Electronics is focused on circuit card and full “box build” manufacturing, high reliability manufacturing, systems assembly and integration, design for manufacturability and design to specification work. There was no intersegment net revenue recognized in any of the periods presented.

The following table presents financial information for the reportable segments of the Company (in thousands):

The provision for estimated warranty costs is recorded at the time of sale and periodically adjusted to reflect actual experience. The Company’s warranty liability, which is included in accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of April 1, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $607,000 and $666,000, respectively. The Company’s warranty expense for the three months ended April 1, 2018 and April 2, 2017 was not material.

The Company bears insurance risk as a member of a group captive insurance entity for certain general liability, automobile and workers’ compensation insurance programs, a self-insured worker’s compensation program and a self-insured employee health program. The Company records estimated liabilities for its insurance programs based on information provided by the third-party plan administrators, historical claims experience, expected costs of claims incurred but not paid, and expected costs to settle unpaid claims. The Company monitors its estimated insurance-related liabilities on a quarterly basis. As facts change, it may become necessary to make adjustments that could be material to the Company’s consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

The Company is involved in certain litigation and contract issues arising in the normal course of business. While the outcome of these matters cannot, at this time, be predicted in light of the uncertainties inherent therein, management does not expect that these matters will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or results of operations of the Company.

The Company accounts for loss contingencies in accordance with U.S. GAAP.  Estimated loss contingencies are accrued only if the loss is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.  With respect to a particular loss contingency, it may be probable that a loss has occurred but the estimate of the loss is within a wide range or undeterminable.  If the Company deems an amount within the range to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range, that amount will be accrued.  However, if no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the minimum amount of the range is accrued.

The Company has various current and previously-owned facilities subject to a variety of environmental regulations. The Company has received certain indemnifications from either companies previously owning these facilities or from purchasers of those facilities. As of April 1, 2018 and December 31, 2017, no amounts were accrued for any environmental matters.

On December 27, 2017, the U.S. Department of Labor (the “DOL”) filed a lawsuit alleging that the Company had misinterpreted the language of the Company’s 401(k) Plans (collectively, the “Plan”). The DOL does not appear to dispute that the Company reached such interpretation in good faith and after consulting with independent ERISA counsel. If the DOL’s allegations were upheld by a court, the Company could be required to make additional contributions into the accounts of its Plan participants. The Company regards the DOL’s allegations to be without merit and plans to vigorously defend the matter.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company became aware of a lawsuit involving one of Sypris Electronics’ customers and its primary distributor. This customer has informed the Company that, as a result of the lawsuit, the customer no longer intends to pursue its current business, and has expressed an intention to transfer this business to a designated successor. The Company holds $1,036,000 of inventory related specifically to this customer as of April 1, 2018. On December 21, 2017 the Company entered into a new supply agreement with the designated successor, which provides for purchases of the aforementioned inventory and additional purchases in excess of our inventories on hand and for prices in excess of our cost. No assurances can be given that the successor customer will be successful or will comply with the terms of the new agreement, which could adversely affect our ability to recoup any or all of our investment in these inventories. However, given the uncertainties described above, no estimate currently can be made of a range of amounts of loss that are reasonably possible should the program with the successor not be successful.

As of April 1, 2018, the Company had outstanding purchase commitments of approximately $9,543,000, primarily for the acquisition of inventory and manufacturing equipment.

The provision for income taxes includes federal, state, local and foreign taxes. The Company’s effective tax rate varies from period to period due to the proportion of foreign and domestic pre-tax income expected to be generated by the Company. The Company provides for income taxes for its domestic operations at a statutory rate of 21% and 35% in 2018 and 2017, respectively and for its foreign operations at a statutory rate of 30% in 2018 and 2017. Reconciling items between the federal statutory rate and the effective tax rate also include the expected usage of federal net operating loss carryforwards, state income taxes, valuation allowances and certain other permanent differences.

The Company recognizes liabilities or assets for the deferred tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets or liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740). These temporary differences will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years when the reported amounts of assets or liabilities are recovered or settled. ASC 740 requires that a valuation allowance be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company evaluates its deferred tax position on a quarterly basis and valuation allowances are provided as necessary. During this evaluation, the Company reviews its forecast of income in conjunction with other positive and negative evidence surrounding the realizability of its deferred tax assets to determine if a valuation allowance is needed. Based on its current forecast, the Company has established a valuation allowance against the domestic net deferred tax asset. Until an appropriate level and characterization of profitability is attained, the Company expects to continue to maintain a valuation allowance on its net deferred tax assets related to future U.S. and non-U.S. tax benefits.

In December 2017, the 2017 Tax Act was enacted. The 2017 Tax Act includes a number of changes to previous U.S. tax laws that impact the company, most notably a reduction of the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The company recognized the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act in the financial statements included in its 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, which provides SEC staff guidance for the application of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, in the reporting period in which the 2017 Tax Act was signed into law.

The Tax Act also provides that undistributed and previously untaxed post-1986 foreign earnings will be deemed distributed in 2017 and be subject to tax at reduced effective rates (Transition Tax). The Company estimates it has a net cumulative deficit in E&P from its foreign subsidiaries and, consequently, will not be subject to the Transition Tax. In the event that a final calculation were to result in a nominal Transition Tax, as the Company has an NOL in excess of the accumulated E&P of its Mexican subsidiaries as of December 31, 2017, it will not incur a liability for the deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. Additionally, as of April 1, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company’s U.S. deferred liability for cumulative undistributed earnings has been eliminated.

Pension expense (benefit) consisted of the following (in thousands):

In the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2017-07, which requires the Company to disaggregate the service cost component from other components of net periodic benefit costs and report the service cost component in the same line item as other compensation costs and the other components of net periodic benefit costs (which include interest costs, expected return on plan assets and amortization of actuarial gains and losses) separately and outside a subtotal of operating income. As this ASU requires application on a retrospective basis, the Company restated the prior period presentation for the adoption of this ASU, resulting in a decrease in operating loss and an decrease in other income of $156,000 for the three-month period ended April 2, 2017.

The net periodic benefit cost of the defined benefit pension plans incurred during the three-month periods ended April 1, 2018 and April 2, 2017 are reflected in the following captions in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

The Company’s accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of employee benefit related adjustments and foreign currency translation adjustments.

Accumulated other comprehensive loss consisted of the following (in thousands):

Cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are reflected in the consolidated financial statements at their carrying amount which approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of those instruments. The carrying amount of debt outstanding at April 1, 2018 approximates fair value, and is based upon quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, or other inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments (Level 2).