Edgar Filing: Groupon, Inc.

10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2015

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________________ to ________________

Commission file number: 1-35335

Groupon, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		27-0903295
(State or other jurisdiction of		(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)		Identification No.)

600 West Chicago Avenue, Suite 400 Chicago, Illinois		60654
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

312-334-1579

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes x No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes No x

As of October 30, 2015, there were 611,890,572 shares of the registrant's Class A Common Stock outstanding and 2,399,976 shares of the registrant's Class B Common Stock outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS



PART I. Financial Information	Page
Forward-Looking Statements	3
Item 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	4
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2015 (unaudited) and December 31, 2014	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (unaudited)	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (unaudited)	6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (unaudited)	7
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (unaudited)	8
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	10
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	41
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk	90
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	91
PART II. Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	92
Item 1A. Risk Factors	92
Item 2. Unregistered sales of equity securities and use of proceeds	93
Item 5. Other Information	94
Item 6. Exhibits	94
Signatures	95
Exhibits	96

______________________________________________________

PART I

FORWARD‑LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy and plans and our objectives for future operations. The words "may," "will," "should," "could," "expect," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "intend," "continue" and other similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, volatility in our revenue and operating results; risks related to our business strategy, including our marketing strategy and spend and the productivity of those marketing investments; the impact of our shift away from lower-margin products in our Goods category; effectively dealing with challenges arising from our international operations, including fluctuations in currency exchange rates; retaining existing customers and adding new customers, including as we increase our marketing spend and shift away from lower-margin products in our Goods category; retaining and adding new and high quality merchants; cyber security breaches; incurring expenses as we expand our business; competing successfully in our industry; maintaining favorable payment terms with our business partners; providing a strong mobile experience for our customers; delivery and routing of our emails; maintaining a strong brand; managing inventory and order fulfillment risks; integrating our technology platforms; managing refund risks; retaining, attracting and integrating members of our executive team; litigation; compliance with domestic and foreign laws and regulations, including the CARD Act and regulation of the Internet and e-commerce; tax liabilities; tax legislation; maintaining our information technology infrastructure; protecting our intellectual property; completing and realizing the anticipated benefits from acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures and strategic investments; seasonality; payment-related risks; customer and merchant fraud; global economic uncertainty; our ability to raise capital if necessary; difficulties, delays or our inability to successfully complete all or part of the announced restructuring actions or to realize the operating efficiencies and other benefits of such restructuring actions; higher than anticipated restructuring charges or changes in the timing of such restructuring charges; the impact of our ongoing strategic review and any potential strategic alternatives we may choose to pursue; and those risks and other factors discussed in Part I, "Item 1A: Risk Factors" of our 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Part II, "Item 1A: Risk Factors" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015, as well as in our condensed consolidated financial statements, related notes, and the other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. We do not intend, and undertake no obligation, to update any of our forward-looking statements after the date of this report to reflect actual results or future events or circumstances. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.

As used herein, "Groupon," "we," "our," and similar terms include Groupon, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GROUPON, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)



	September 30, 2015			December 31, 2014
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	963,559		$	1,016,634
Accounts receivable, net	76,121			90,597
Deferred income taxes	19,349			16,271
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	223,986			192,382
Current assets held for sale	—			85,445
Total current assets	1,283,015			1,401,329
Property, equipment and software, net	202,714			176,004
Goodwill	291,084			236,756
Intangible assets, net	40,841			30,609
Investments (including $149.2 million and $7.4 million at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, at fair value)	163,789			24,298
Deferred income taxes, non-current	28,791			41,323
Other non-current assets	20,407			16,173
Non-current assets held for sale	—			301,105
Total Assets	$	2,030,641		$	2,227,597
Liabilities and Equity
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	$	195,000		$	—
Accounts payable	15,503			13,822
Accrued merchant and supplier payables	640,044			772,156
Accrued expenses	260,883			214,260
Deferred income taxes	28,573			31,998
Other current liabilities	142,925			127,121
Current liabilities held for sale	—			166,239
Total current liabilities	1,282,928			1,325,596
Deferred income taxes, non-current	4,756			773
Other non-current liabilities	142,005			129,531
Non-current liabilities held for sale	—			6,753
Total Liabilities	1,429,689			1,462,653
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 8)
Stockholders' Equity
Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, 2,000,000,000 shares authorized, 714,074,671 shares issued and 620,933,460 shares outstanding at September 30, 2015 and 699,008,084 shares issued and 671,768,980 shares outstanding at December 31, 2014	71			70
Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 2,399,976 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014	—			—
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, 2,010,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014	—			—
Additional paid-in capital	1,933,994			1,847,420
Treasury stock, at cost, 93,141,211 shares at September 30, 2015 and 27,239,104 shares at December 31, 2014	(532,530		)	(198,467		)
Accumulated deficit	(854,764		)	(921,960		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	53,369			35,763
Total Groupon, Inc. Stockholders' Equity	600,140			762,826
Noncontrolling interests	812			2,118
Total Equity	600,952			764,944
Total Liabilities and Equity	$	2,030,641		$	2,227,597

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

GROUPON, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Revenue:
Third party and other	$	326,306		$	362,903		$	1,027,273		$	1,133,109
Direct	387,289			351,366			1,175,073			1,025,786
Total revenue	713,595			714,269			2,202,346			2,158,895
Cost of revenue:
Third party and other	46,050			50,774			145,292			153,333
Direct	338,633			308,217			1,043,729			918,362
Total cost of revenue	384,683			358,991			1,189,021			1,071,695
Gross profit	328,912			355,278			1,013,325			1,087,200
Operating expenses:
Marketing	61,587			55,258			171,127			182,142
Selling, general and administrative	326,248			299,275			904,816			905,919
Restructuring charges	24,146			—			24,146			—
Gain on disposition of business	(13,710		)	—			(13,710		)	—
Acquisition-related expense (benefit), net	1,064			(304		)	1,300			2,078
Total operating expenses	399,335			354,229			1,087,679			1,090,139
Income (loss) from operations	(70,423		)	1,049			(74,354		)	(2,939		)
Other income (expense), net	(8,160		)	(20,056		)	(25,146		)	(21,919		)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes	(78,583		)	(19,007		)	(99,500		)	(24,858		)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	(53,970		)	(6,434		)	(42,881		)	20,181
Income (loss) from continuing operations	(24,613		)	(12,573		)	(56,619		)	(45,039		)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	—			(6,445		)	133,463			(30,264		)
Net income (loss)	(24,613		)	(19,018		)	76,844			(75,303		)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(3,002		)	(2,190		)	(9,648		)	(6,575		)
Net income (loss) attributable to Groupon, Inc.	$	(27,615	)	$	(21,208	)	$	67,196		$	(81,878	)

Basic net income (loss) per share:
Continuing operations	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.10	)	$	(0.08	)
Discontinued operations	—			(0.01		)	0.20			(0.04		)
Basic net income (loss) per share	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.03	)	$	0.10		$	(0.12	)

Diluted net income (loss) per share:
Continuing operations	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.10	)	$	(0.08	)
Discontinued operations	—			(0.01		)	0.20			(0.04		)
Diluted net income (loss) per share	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.03	)	$	0.10		$	(0.12	)

Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Basic	644,894,785			669,526,524			664,302,630			675,814,535
Diluted	644,894,785			669,526,524			664,302,630			675,814,535

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

GROUPON, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in thousands)

(unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Income (loss) from continuing operations	$	(24,613	)	$	(12,573	)	$	(56,619	)	$	(45,039	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) from continuing operations:
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Net unrealized gain (loss) during the period	(1,246		)	11,879			6,085			10,701
Reclassification adjustments included in income (loss) from continuing operations	(906		)	—			3,495			—
Net change in unrealized gain (loss)	(2,152		)	11,879			9,580			10,701
Amortization of pension net actuarial loss to earnings (net of tax effect of $5 for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and $15 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015)	26			—			79			—
Available-for-sale-securities
Net unrealized gain (loss) during period	(193		)	(425		)	(17		)	(799		)
Reclassification adjustment for impairment included in income (loss) from continuing operations	—			831			—			831
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities (net of tax effect of $(116) and $248 for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $(9) and $23 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively)	(193		)	406			(17		)	32
Other comprehensive income (loss) from continuing operations	(2,319		)	12,285			9,642			10,733
Comprehensive income (loss) from continuing operations	(26,932		)	(288		)	(46,977		)	(34,306		)

Income (loss) from discontinued operations	—			(6,445		)	133,463			(30,264		)
Other comprehensive income (loss) from discontinued operations - Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Net unrealized gain (loss) during the period	—			(10,052		)	(4,349		)	(802		)
Reclassification adjustment included in net income (loss) from discontinued operations	—			—			12,313			—
Net change in unrealized gain (loss)	—			(10,052		)	7,964			(802		)
Comprehensive income (loss) from discontinued operations	—			(16,497		)	141,427			(31,066		)

Comprehensive income (loss)	(26,932		)	(16,785		)	94,450			(65,372		)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(3,002		)	(2,187		)	(9,648		)	(6,388		)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Groupon, Inc.	$	(29,934	)	$	(18,972	)	$	84,802		$	(71,760	)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

GROUPON, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(in thousands, except share amounts)

(unaudited)



	Groupon, Inc. Stockholders' Equity
	Common Stock					Additional Paid-In Capital			Treasury Stock					Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Total Groupon Inc. Stockholders' Equity			Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity
	Shares		Amount			Additional Paid-In Capital			Shares		Amount			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Total Groupon Inc. Stockholders' Equity			Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2014	701,408,060		$	70		$	1,847,420		(27,239,104	)	$	(198,467	)	$	(921,960	)	$	35,763		$	762,826		$	2,118		$	764,944
Net income	—		—			—			—		—			67,196			—			67,196			9,648			76,844
Foreign currency translation	—		—			—			—		—			—			17,544			17,544			—			17,544
Amortization of pension net actuarial loss to earnings, net of tax	—		—			—			—		—			—			79			79			—			79
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax	—		—			—			—		—			—			(17		)	(17		)	—			(17		)
Issuance of unvested restricted stock	2,203,861		—			—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Exercise of stock options	604,432		—			816			—		—			—			—			816			—			816
Vesting of restricted stock units	16,419,868		2			(2		)	—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Shares issued under employee stock purchase plan	1,037,198		—			4,857			—		—			—			—			4,857			—			4,857
Tax withholdings related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards	(5,198,772	)	(1		)	(35,162		)	—		—			—			—			(35,163		)	—			(35,163		)
Stock-based compensation on equity-classified awards	—		—			120,158			—		—			—			—			120,158			—			120,158
Tax shortfalls, net of excess tax benefits, on stock-based compensation awards	—		—			(4,093		)	—		—			—			—			(4,093		)	—			(4,093		)
Purchases of treasury stock	—		—			—			(65,902,107	)	(334,063		)	—			—			(334,063		)	—			(334,063		)
Partnership distributions to noncontrolling interest holders	—		—			—			—		—			—			—			—			(10,954		)	(10,954		)
Balance at September 30, 2015	716,474,647		$	71		$	1,933,994		(93,141,211	)	$	(532,530	)	$	(854,764	)	$	53,369		$	600,140		$	812		$	600,952

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

GROUPON, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014
Operating activities
Net income (loss)	$	76,844		$	(75,303	)
Less: Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	133,463			(30,264		)
Income (loss) from continuing operations	(56,619		)	(45,039		)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and software	84,241			68,731
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	14,966			16,188
Stock-based compensation	109,204			85,329
Restructuring charges	24,146			—
Gain on disposition of business	(13,710		)	—
Deferred income taxes	(15,252		)	(1,956		)
Excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation	(6,198		)	(12,573		)
Loss on equity method investments	—			459
Gain from changes in fair value of contingent consideration	(268		)	(1,059		)
Loss from changes in fair value of investments	2,114			—
Impairments of investments	—			2,036
Change in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Restricted cash	4,555			7,686
Accounts receivable	6,353			(26,557		)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(39,813		)	(22,883		)
Accounts payable	(944		)	(12,973		)
Accrued merchant and supplier payables	(101,852		)	(101,070		)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	33,413			(21,103		)
Other, net	(1,242		)	44,009
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations	43,094			(20,775		)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from discontinued operations	(36,578		)	22,777
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	6,516			2,002
Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software	(68,481		)	(63,443		)
Cash derecognized upon disposition of subsidiary	(1,404		)	—
Acquisitions of businesses, net of acquired cash	(70,130		)	(45,397		)
Purchases of investments	(5,000		)	(6,704		)
Proceeds from sale of investment	1,231			—
Settlement of liability related to purchase of additional interest in consolidated subsidiary	(1,072		)	(1,599		)
Acquisitions of intangible assets	(1,156		)	(500		)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from continuing operations	(146,012		)	(117,643		)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from discontinued operations	244,470			(75,924		)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	98,458			(193,567		)
Financing activities
Proceeds from borrowings under revolving credit facility	195,000			—
Payments for purchases of treasury stock	(329,378		)	(145,395		)
Excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation	6,198			12,573
Taxes paid related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards	(34,477		)	(32,390		)
Common stock issuance costs in connection with acquisition of business	—			(1,187		)
Settlements of purchase price obligations related to acquisitions	—			(3,136		)
Proceeds from stock option exercises and employee stock purchase plan	5,673			6,204
Partnership distribution payments to noncontrolling interest holders	(10,954		)	(6,178		)
Payment of contingent consideration related to acquisitions	(382		)	—
Payments of capital lease obligations	(17,670		)	(3,559		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(185,990		)	(173,068		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, including cash classified within current assets held for sale	(27,338		)	(20,671		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including cash classified within current assets held for sale	(108,354		)	(385,304		)
Less: Net increase (decrease) in cash classified within current assets held for sale	(55,279		)	43,324
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(53,075		)	(428,628		)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	1,016,634			1,240,472
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	963,559		$	811,844



Non-cash investing and financing activities
Continuing operations:
Equipment acquired under capital lease obligations	$	40,927	$	18,546
Shares issued to settle liability-classified awards and contingent consideration	—		1,041
Liability for purchases of treasury stock	5,059		120
Contingent consideration liabilities incurred in connection with acquisitions	9,605		4,006
Liability for purchase consideration	250		359
Accounts payable and accrued expenses related to purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software	1,500		5,061
Liability for purchase of additional interest in consolidated subsidiaries	526		2,296
Minority investment recognized in connection with disposition of Ticket Monster	122,075		—
Minority investment recognized in connection with disposition of Groupon India	16,400		—
Discontinued operations:
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition of Ticket Monster	—		162,862
Accounts payable and accrued expenses related to purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software	—		447

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Company Information

Groupon, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company"), which commenced operations in October 2008, operates online local commerce marketplaces throughout the world that connect merchants to consumers by offering goods and services at a discount. The Company also offers deals on products for which it acts as the merchant of record. Customers can access the Company's deal offerings directly through its websites and mobile applications and indirectly using search engines. The Company also sends emails to its subscribers with deal offerings that are targeted by location and personal preferences.

The Company's operations are organized into three segments: North America, EMEA, which is comprised of Europe, Middle East and Africa, and the remainder of the Company's international operations ("Rest of World"). See Note 14, "Segment Information."

In January 2014, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity interests of LivingSocial Korea, Inc., including its subsidiary Ticket Monster, Inc. ("Ticket Monster"), for total consideration of $259.4 million, consisting of $96.5 million in cash and $162.9 million of Class A common stock. Ticket Monster is an e-commerce company based in the Republic of Korea that connects merchants to consumers by offering goods and services at a discount. The operations of Ticket Monster were previously reported in the Company's Rest of World segment. On May 27, 2015, the Company sold a controlling stake in Ticket Monster that resulted in its deconsolidation. The financial results of Ticket Monster, including the gain on disposition and related tax effects, are presented as discontinued operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014. Additionally, the assets and liabilities of Ticket Monster are presented as held for sale in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2014. See Note 2, "Discontinued Operations and Other Dispositions," for additional information.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The Company has prepared the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for interim financial reporting. These condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and, in the Company's opinion, include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments and accruals, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), cash flows and stockholders' equity for the periods presented. Operating results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2015. Certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") have been omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as filed with the SEC on February 13, 2015.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company's condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and include the assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses of all wholly-owned subsidiaries and majority-owned subsidiaries over which the Company exercises control and variable interest entities for which the Company has determined that it is the primary beneficiary. Outside stockholders' interests in subsidiaries are shown on the condensed consolidated financial statements as "Noncontrolling interests." Equity investments in entities in which the Company does not have a controlling financial interest are accounted for under the equity method, the cost method, the fair value option or as available-for-sale securities, as appropriate.

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the condensed consolidated financial statements of prior periods and the accompanying notes to conform to the current period presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses, and the related disclosures of contingent liabilities in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are utilized for, but not limited to, stock-based compensation, income taxes, valuation of acquired goodwill and intangible assets, investments, customer refunds, contingent liabilities and the useful lives of property, equipment and software and intangible assets. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

2. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS AND OTHER DISPOSITIONS

Discontinued Operations

On May 27, 2015, the Company sold a controlling stake in Ticket Monster to an investor group. See Note 5, "Investments," for information about this transaction. The Company recognized a pre-tax gain on the disposition of $202.2 million ($138.0 million net of tax), which represents the excess of (a) the $398.8 million in net consideration received, consisting of (i) $285.0 million in cash proceeds and (ii) the $122.1 million fair value of its retained minority investment, less (iii) $8.3 million in transaction costs, over (b) the sum of (i) the $184.3 million net book value of Ticket Monster upon the closing of the transaction and (ii) Ticket Monster's $12.3 million cumulative translation loss, which was reclassified to earnings.

The Company adopted the guidance in Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-08, Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosure of Disposals of Components of an Entity, on January 1, 2015 for disposal transactions that occur on or after that date. Under that guidance, a component of an entity is reported in discontinued operations after meeting the criteria for held-for-sale classification if the disposition represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on the entity's operations and financial results. The Company analyzed the quantitative and qualitative factors relevant to the Ticket Monster disposition transaction and determined that those conditions for discontinued operations presentation have been met. As such, the financial results of Ticket Monster, the gain on disposition and the related income tax effects are reported within discontinued operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

The following table summarizes the major classes of line items included in income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,			Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2014			2015 ⁽¹⁾			2014
Third party and other revenue	$	36,900		$	28,145		$	99,064
Direct revenue	5,885			39,065			8,308
Third party and other cost of revenue	(10,723		)	(13,958		)	(28,893		)
Direct cost of revenue	(7,196		)	(38,031		)	(9,952		)
Marketing expense	(4,677		)	(8,495		)	(20,992		)
Selling, general and administrative expense	(26,667		)	(38,102		)	(77,832		)
Other income, net	33			96			33
Loss from discontinued operations before gain on disposition and provision for income taxes	(6,445		)	(31,280		)	(30,264		)
Gain on disposition	—			202,158			—
Provision for income taxes	—			(37,415		)	—
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	$	(6,445	)	$	133,463		$	(30,264	)

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)


(1)	The income from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 includes the results of Ticket Monster through the disposition date of May 27, 2015.

The $37.4 million provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 reflects (i) the $64.2 million current and deferred income tax effects of the Ticket Monster disposition during the second quarter of 2015, partially offset by (ii) a $26.8 million tax benefit that resulted from the recognition of a deferred tax asset related to the excess of the tax basis over the financial reporting basis of the Company's investment in Ticket Monster upon meeting the criteria for held-for-sale classification during the first quarter of 2015. No income tax benefits were recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 because valuation allowances have been provided against the related net deferred tax assets.

The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of the major classes of assets and liabilities held for sale in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2014 (in thousands):



	December 31, 2014
Cash	$	55,279
Accounts receivable, net	14,557
Deferred income taxes	512
Property, equipment and software, net	6,471
Goodwill	211,054
Intangible assets, net	79,948
Other assets	18,729
Assets classified as held for sale	$	386,550

Accounts payable	$	8,033
Accrued merchant and supplier payables	138,411
Accrued expenses	16,092
Deferred income taxes	512
Other liabilities	9,944
Liabilities classified as held for sale	$	172,992

Other Dispositions

Groupon India

On August 6, 2015, the Company’s subsidiary in India ("Groupon India") completed an equity financing transaction with a third party investor that obtained a majority voting interest in the entity. See Note 5, "Investments," for information about this transaction. The Company recognized a pre-tax gain on the disposition of $13.7 million, which represents the excess of (a) the sum of (i) $14.2 million in net consideration received, consisting of the $16.4 million fair value of its retained minority investment, less $1.3 million in transaction costs and a $0.9 million guarantee liability and (ii) Groupon India's $0.9 million cumulative translation gain, which was reclassified to earnings, over (b) the $1.4 million net book value of Groupon India upon the closing of the transaction. The Company did not receive any cash proceeds in connection with the transaction.

The gain from this transaction is presented as "Gain on disposition of business" in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The financial results of Groupon India are presented within income from continuing operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements through the August 6, 2015 disposition date. Those financial results were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

3. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

The Company acquired six businesses during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method, and the results of each of those acquired businesses are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements beginning on the respective acquisition dates. The fair value of consideration transferred in business combinations is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, with the remaining unallocated amount recorded as goodwill. The allocations of the acquisition price for recent acquisitions have been prepared on a preliminary basis, and changes to those allocations may occur as a result of final working capital adjustments and tax return filings. Acquired goodwill represents the premium the Company paid over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. The Company paid these premiums for a number of reasons, including growing the Company's merchant and customer base, acquiring assembled workforces, expanding its presence in international markets, expanding and advancing its product and service offerings and enhancing technology capabilities. The goodwill from these business combinations is generally not deductible for tax purposes.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, $0.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of external transaction costs related to business combinations, primarily consisting of legal and advisory fees, are classified within "Acquisition-related (benefit) expense, net" on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

OrderUp, Inc.

On July 16, 2015, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity interests of OrderUp, Inc. ("OrderUp"), an on-demand online and mobile food ordering and delivery marketplace based in the United States. The purpose of this acquisition was to extend the Company's local marketplaces in the food ordering and delivery sector and enhance related technology capabilities. The aggregate acquisition-date fair value of the consideration transferred for the OrderUp acquisition totaled $78.6 million, which consisted of the following (in thousands):



Cash	$	69,024
Contingent consideration	9,605
Total	$	78,629

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

The following table summarizes the allocation of the aggregate acquisition price of the OrderUp acquisition (in thousands):



Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,264
Accounts receivable	1,377
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	404
Property, equipment and software	24
Goodwill	61,140
Intangible assets: ⁽¹⁾
Subscriber relationships	5,600
Merchant relationships	1,100
Developed technology	11,300
Trade name	900
Other intangible assets	1,850
Other non-current assets	31
Total assets acquired	$	85,990
Accounts payable	$	901
Accrued merchant and supplier payables	1,021
Accrued expenses	2,356
Other current liabilities	562
Deferred income taxes, non-current	2,500
Other non-current liabilities	21
Total liabilities assumed	$	7,361
Total acquisition price	$	78,629


(1)	Acquired intangible assets have estimated useful lives of between 3 and 5 years.

Other Acquisitions

The Company acquired five other businesses during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The primary purpose of these acquisitions was to acquire an assembled workforce, expand internationally, expand and advance product offerings and enhance technology capabilities. The aggregate acquisition-date fair value of the consideration transferred for these acquisitions totaled $6.0 million, which consisted of the following (in thousands):



Cash	$	5,711
Liability for purchase consideration	250
Total	$	5,961

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

The following table summarizes the allocation of the aggregate acquisition price of the other acquisitions for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (in thousands):



Net working capital deficit (including acquired cash of $2.3 million)	$	(647	)
Goodwill	2,898
Intangible assets: ⁽¹⁾
Subscriber relationships	1,016
Merchant relationships	809
Developed technology	1,339
Brand relationships	296
Other intangible assets	250
Total acquisition price	$	5,961


(1)	Acquired intangible assets have estimated useful lives of between 1 and 5 years.

Pro forma results of operations for the OrderUp acquisition and these other acquisitions are not presented because the pro forma effects of those acquisitions, individually and in the aggregate, were not material to the Company's condensed consolidated results of operations.

4. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The following table summarizes the Company's goodwill activity by segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (in thousands):



	North America			EMEA			Rest of World			Consolidated
Balance as of December 31, 2014	$	116,718		$	102,179		$	17,859		$	236,756
Goodwill related to acquisitions	63,089			—			949			64,038
Goodwill related to disposition	—			—			(975		)	(975		)
Foreign currency translation	(1		)	(7,635		)	(1,099		)	(8,735		)
Balance as of September 30, 2015	$	179,806		$	94,544		$	16,734		$	291,084

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

The following tables summarize the Company's intangible assets (in thousands):



	September 30, 2015
Asset Category	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Subscriber relationships	$	52,859	$	42,844	$	10,015
Merchant relationships	9,771		8,042		1,729
Trade names	11,143		7,253		3,890
Developed technology	37,287		24,015		13,272
Brand relationships	7,960		2,675		5,285
Other intangible assets	20,006		13,356		6,650
Total	$	139,026	$	98,185	$	40,841



	December 31, 2014
Asset Category	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Subscriber relationships	$	48,810	$	37,744	$	11,066
Merchant relationships	8,386		8,323		63
Trade names	10,532		6,935		3,597
Developed technology	25,352		21,713		3,639
Brand relationships	7,664		1,486		6,178
Other intangible assets	17,045		10,979		6,066
Total	$	117,789	$	87,180	$	30,609

Amortization of intangible assets is computed using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from 1 to 5 years. Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $5.2 million and $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $15.0 million and $16.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. As of September 30, 2015, the Company's estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):



Remaining amounts in 2015	$	4,947
2016	16,111
2017	11,180
2018	7,643
2019	646
Thereafter	314
Total	$	40,841

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

5. INVESTMENTS

The following table summarizes the Company's investments (dollars in thousands):



	September 30, 2015		Percent Ownership of Voting Stock			December 31, 2014		Percent Ownership of Voting Stock
Available-for-sale securities:
Convertible debt securities	$	7,882				$	2,527
Redeemable preferred shares	4,934		17%	to	19%	4,910		17%	to	19%
Total available-for-sale securities	12,816					7,437
Cost method investments	$	14,612	2%	to	10%	$	15,630	6%	to	19%
Equity method investments	—		—%			1,231		21%	to	50%
Fair value option investments	136,361		43%	to	48%	—
Total investments	$	163,789				$	24,298

The following table summarizes the amortized cost, gross unrealized gain, gross unrealized loss and fair value of the Company's available-for-sale securities as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively (in thousands):



	September 30, 2015								December 31, 2014
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Convertible debt securities	$	7,435	$	447	$	—	$	7,882	$	2,030	$	497	$	—	$	2,527
Redeemable preferred shares	4,599		335		—		4,934		4,599		311		—		4,910
Total available-for-sale securities	$	12,034	$	782	$	—	$	12,816	$	6,629	$	808	$	—	$	7,437

Investment in Monster LP

On May 27, 2015, the Company completed the sale of a controlling stake in Ticket Monster to an investor group, whereby (a) the investor group contributed $350.0 million in cash to Monster Holdings LP ("Monster LP"), a newly-formed limited partnership, in exchange for 70,000,000 Class A units of Monster LP and (b) the Company contributed all of the issued and outstanding share capital of Ticket Monster to Monster LP in exchange for (i) 64,000,000 Class B units of Monster LP and (ii) $285.0 million in cash consideration. The investor group and Mr. Daniel Shin, the current chief executive officer and founder of Ticket Monster, will contribute an additional $10.0 million of cash consideration to Monster LP within six months of the closing date in exchange for 2,000,000 Class A units of Monster LP. Additionally, Monster LP is authorized to issue 20,321,839 Class C units to its management that will be subject to time-based vesting conditions and, for a portion of Class C units, a performance-based vesting condition. The Class A units of Monster LP are entitled to a $486.0 million liquidation preference, which must be paid prior to any distributions to the holders of Class B and Class C units. All distributions in excess of $486.0 million and up to $680.0 million will be paid to holders of Class B units. Holders of Class B units will be entitled to share in distributions between $703.0 million and $1,116.0 million in accordance with the terms of Monster LP's distribution waterfall, and distributions in excess of $1,116.0 million will be made pro rata to all unit holders.

In connection with the disposition of Ticket Monster as discussed above, the Company obtained a minority limited partner interest in Monster LP. The investment in Monster LP was measured at its fair value of $122.1 million as of its acquisition date. The initial fair value was determined using the backsolve valuation method, which is a form of the market approach. Under this method, assumptions are made about the expected time to liquidity, volatility and risk-free rate such that the price paid by a third-

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

party investor in a recent financing round can be used to determine the value of the entity and its other securities using option-pricing methodologies. The $122.1 million fair value of the Company's investment in Monster LP was based on the contractual liquidation preferences and the following valuation assumptions: 4-year expected time to a liquidity event, 60% volatility and a 1.3% risk-free rate. The initial fair value of Monster LP, determined using the backsolve method, was calibrated to a discounted cash flow valuation, an income approach, and was further corroborated using a market approach.

The Company has made an irrevocable election to account for its minority limited partner interest in Monster LP at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings. The Company elected to apply fair value accounting because it believes that fair value is the most relevant measurement attribute for this investment, as well as to reduce operational and accounting complexity. As of September 30, 2015, the Company measured the fair value of Monster LP using the discounted cash flow method and the market approach. The Company recognized a loss of $2.5 million and $2.0 million from changes in the fair value of its investment in Monster LP for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively.

The following table summarizes the condensed consolidated financial information for Monster LP (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2015			Period from May 28, 2015 through September 30, 2015 ⁽¹⁾
Revenue	$	33,465		$	47,575
Gross profit	(6,826		)	(2,488		)
Loss before income taxes	(38,425		)	(46,764		)
Net loss	(38,485		)	(46,764		)



	September 30, 2015
Current assets	$	149,662
Non-current assets	483,108
Current liabilities	223,667
Non-current liabilities	7,038


(1)	The summarized financial information is presented for the period beginning May 28, 2015, after completion of the Ticket Monster disposition transaction that resulted in the Company obtaining its minority limited partner interest in Monster LP.

Investment in GroupMax

On August 6, 2015, the Company's subsidiary in India ("Groupon India") completed an equity financing transaction with a third party investor that obtained a majority voting interest in the entity, whereby (a) the investor contributed $17.0 million in cash to GroupMax Pte Ltd. ("GroupMax"), a newly formed Singapore-based entity, in exchange for Series A Preference Shares and (b) the Company contributed the shares of Groupon India to GroupMax in exchange for seed preference shares of GroupMax. Additionally, GroupMax is authorized to issue up to 376,096 options on ordinary shares to its employees that will be subject to time-based vesting conditions and performance based vesting conditions. The Series A Preference Shares are entitled to a $17.0 million liquidation preference, which must be paid prior to any distributions to the other equity holders.

In connection with the disposition of Groupon India as discussed above, the Company obtained a minority investment in GroupMax. The investment in GroupMax was measured at its fair value of $16.4 million as of its acquisition date. The initial fair value was determined using the backsolve valuation method. The $16.4 million fair value of the Company's investment in GroupMax was based on the contractual liquidation preferences and the following valuation assumptions: 5-year expected time to a liquidity event, 65% volatility and a 1.6% risk-free rate. The initial fair value of GroupMax, determined using the backsolve method, was calibrated to a discounted cash flow valuation, an income approach, and was further corroborated using a market approach. The Company has made an irrevocable election to account for its minority investment in GroupMax at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings. The Company elected to apply fair value accounting because it believes that fair value is the most relevant measurement attribute for this investment, as well as to reduce operational and accounting complexity. As of September 30, 2015, the Company measured the fair value of GroupMax using the discounted cash flow method and the market approach. The Company recognized a loss of $0.1 million from changes in the fair value of its investment in GroupMax from the acquisition date to September 30, 2015.

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

6. SUPPLEMENTAL CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AND STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS INFORMATION

The following table summarizes the Company's other income (expense), net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Interest income	$	331		$	291		$	888		$	1,087
Interest expense	(783		)	(207		)	(1,926		)	(428		)
Impairments of investments	—			(1,448		)	—			(2,036		)
Loss on equity method investments	—			(91		)	—			(459		)
Loss on changes in fair value of investments	(2,564		)	—			(2,114		)	—
Foreign currency gains (losses), net ⁽¹⁾	(5,153		)	(18,619		)	(22,118		)	(20,092		)
Other	9			18			124			9
Other income (expense), net	$	(8,160	)	$	(20,056	)	$	(25,146	)	$	(21,919	)


(1)	Foreign currency gains (losses), net for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 includes a $4.4 million cumulative translation adjustment loss from the Company's legacy business in the Republic of Korea that was reclassified to earnings as a result of the Ticket Monster disposition.

The following table summarizes the Company's prepaid expenses and other current assets as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in thousands):



	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Unamortized tax effects on intercompany transactions	$	1,076	$	14,170
Finished goods inventories	57,294		52,237
Prepaid expenses	50,982		32,758
Restricted cash	4,672		10,852
Income taxes receivable	78,431		41,769
VAT receivable	11,817		17,746
Prepaid marketing	—		7,413
Other	19,714		15,437
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	223,986	$	192,382

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

The following table summarizes the Company's accrued merchant and supplier payables as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in thousands):



	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Accrued merchant payables	$	430,405	$	499,317
Accrued supplier payables ⁽¹⁾	209,639		272,839
Total accrued merchant and supplier payables	$	640,044	$	772,156


(1)	Amounts include payables to suppliers of inventories and providers of shipping and fulfillment services.

The following table summarizes the Company's accrued expenses as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in thousands):



	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Marketing	$	15,968	$	15,962
Refunds reserve	27,616		32,535
Payroll and benefits	51,360		59,802
Customer credits	34,671		42,729
Professional fees	16,195		14,254
Restructuring-related liabilities	21,289		—
Other	93,784		48,978
Total accrued expenses	$	260,883	$	214,260

The following table summarizes the Company's other current liabilities as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in thousands):



	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Income taxes payable	$	11,364	$	14,461
VAT payable	22,244		30,778
Sales taxes payable	5,856		9,042
Deferred revenue	46,793		46,344
Capital lease obligations	26,201		14,872
Other	30,467		11,624
Total other current liabilities	$	142,925	$	127,121

The following table summarizes the Company's other non-current liabilities as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in thousands):



	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Long-term tax liabilities	$	76,147	$	82,138
Deferred rent	17,031		13,200
Capital lease obligations	34,398		23,387
Other	14,429		10,806
Total other non-current liabilities	$	142,005	$	129,531

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

The following table summarizes the components of accumulated other comprehensive income as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in thousands):



	Foreign currency translation adjustments		Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities			Pension adjustments			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2014	$	36,764	$	499		$	(1,500	)	$	35,763
Other comprehensive income	17,544		(17		)	79			17,606
Balance at September 30, 2015	$	54,308	$	482		$	(1,421	)	$	53,369

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

7. REVOLVING CREDIT AGREEMENT

In August 2014, the Company entered into a three-year senior secured revolving credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") that provides for aggregate principal borrowings of up to $250.0 million. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest, at the Company's option, at a rate per annum equal to the Alternate Base Rate or Adjusted LIBO Rate (each as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus an additional margin ranging between 0.25% and 2.00%. The Company is required to pay quarterly commitment fees ranging from 0.20% to 0.35% per annum of the average daily amount available under the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement also provides for the issuance of up to $45.0 million in letters of credit, provided that the sum of outstanding borrowings and letters of credit do not exceed the maximum funding commitment of $250.0 million.

The Credit Agreement is secured by substantially all of the Company's and its subsidiaries' tangible and intangible assets, including a pledge of 100% of the outstanding capital stock of substantially all of its direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the shares or equity interests of first-tier foreign subsidiaries and each U.S. entity whose assets substantially consist of capital stock and/or intercompany debt of one or more foreign subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions. Certain of the Company's domestic subsidiaries are guarantors under the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement contains various customary restrictive covenants that limit the Company's ability to, among other things: incur additional indebtedness; enter into sale or leaseback transactions; make investments, loans or advances; grant or incur liens on assets; sell assets; engage in mergers, consolidations, liquidations or dissolutions; engage in transactions with affiliates; and make dividend payments. The Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain compliance with specified financial covenants, comprised of a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, a maximum leverage ratio, and a minimum liquidity ratio, each as set forth in the Credit Agreement. The Company is also required to maintain, as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, unrestricted cash of at least $400.0 million, including $200.0 million in accounts held with lenders under the Credit Agreement or their affiliates. Non-compliance with these covenants may result in termination of the commitments under the Credit Agreement and any then outstanding borrowings may be declared due and payable immediately. The Company has the right to terminate the Credit Agreement or reduce the available commitments at any time.

As of September 30, 2015, the Company had $195.0 million of short-term borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement and was in compliance with all covenants.

8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

In July 2015, the Company entered into a new lease agreement that replaced the previous lease agreement for its corporate headquarters located in Chicago, Illinois. The new lease agreement extended the term to 10 years and 4 months and expanded the square footage. The net increase (decrease) in operating lease commitments as of September 30, 2015 over amounts under the previous lease agreement for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows (in thousands):



2015	$	116
2016	(595		)
2017	3,405
2018	3,787
2019	8,107
Thereafter	77,176
Net increase in lease payments	$	91,996

Except for the changes stated above, the Company's commitments as of September 30, 2015 did not materially change from the amounts set forth in the Company's 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Legal Matters

From time to time, the Company is party to various legal proceedings incident to the operation of its business. For example, the Company is currently involved in proceedings brought by stockholders, former employees and merchants, intellectual property infringement suits and suits by customers (individually or as class actions) alleging, among other things, violations of the federal securities laws, the Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility and Disclosure Act and state laws governing gift cards, stored value cards and coupons. The following is a brief description of significant legal proceedings.

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

On February 8, 2012, the Company issued a press release announcing its expected financial results for the fourth quarter of 2011. After finalizing its year-end financial statements, the Company announced on March 30, 2012 revised financial results, as well as a material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting related to deficiencies in its financial statement close process. The revisions resulted in a reduction to fourth quarter 2011 revenue of $14.3 million. The revisions also resulted in an increase to fourth quarter operating expenses that reduced operating income by $30.0 million, net income by $22.6 million and earnings per share by $0.04. Following this announcement, the Company and several of its current and former directors and officers were named as parties to the following outstanding securities class action and purported stockholder derivative lawsuits all arising out of the same alleged events and facts.

The Company is currently a defendant in a proceeding pursuant to which, on October 29, 2012, a consolidated amended class action complaint was filed against the Company, certain of its directors and officers, and the underwriters that participated in the initial public offering of the Company's Class A common stock. Originally filed in April 2012, the case is currently pending before the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois: In re Groupon, Inc. Securities Litigation. The complaint asserts claims pursuant to Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Allegations in the consolidated amended complaint include that the Company and its officers and directors made untrue statements or omissions of material fact by issuing inaccurate financial statements for the fiscal quarter and the fiscal year ending December 31, 2011 and by failing to disclose information about the Company's financial controls in the registration statement and prospectus for the Company's initial public offering of Class A common stock and in the Company's subsequently-issued earnings release dated February 8, 2012. The lawsuit seeks monetary damages, reimbursement for fees and costs incurred in connection with the actions, including attorneys' fees, and various other forms of monetary and non-monetary relief. On June 29, 2015, the parties concluded fact discovery, including the depositions of fact witnesses. On July 30, 2015, class notice was mailed to all identifiable members of the certified class and subclass. On September 1, 2015, plaintiff filed an agreed motion to dismiss without prejudice all claims against the Underwriters defendants, which the court granted on September 10, 2015. The parties are currently engaged in expert discovery, which is scheduled to close on December 21, 2015, and dispositive motions are scheduled to be filed by January 29, 2016. The district court has not yet scheduled a trial date. The parties have participated in mediations and settlement discussions during the three months ended September 30, 2015 and thereafter but have not yet reached any agreement regarding resolution of the litigation. As a result of these settlement discussions, the Company increased its contingent liability for this matter by $37.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2015. This expense is classified within "Selling, general and administrative expense" on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

In addition, federal and state purported stockholder derivative lawsuits have been filed against certain of the Company's current and former directors and officers. The federal purported stockholder derivative lawsuit was originally filed in April 2012, and a consolidated stockholder derivative complaint, filed on July 30, 2012, is currently pending in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois: In re Groupon Derivative Litigation. Plaintiffs assert claims for breach of fiduciary duty and abuse of control. The state derivative cases are currently pending before the Chancery Division of the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois: Orrego v. Lefkofsky, et al., was filed on April 5, 2012; and Kim v. Lefkofsky, et al., was filed on May 25, 2012. The state derivative complaints generally allege that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties by purportedly mismanaging the Company's business by, among other things, failing to utilize proper accounting controls and, in the case of one of the state derivative lawsuits, by engaging in alleged insider trading of the Company's Class A common stock and misappropriating information. In addition, one state derivative case asserts a claim for unjust enrichment. The derivative lawsuits purport to seek to recoup for the Company an unspecified amount of monetary damages allegedly sustained by the Company, restitution from defendants, reimbursement for fees and costs incurred in connection with the actions, including attorneys' fees, and various other forms of monetary and non-monetary relief. On June 20, 2012, the Company and the individual defendants filed a motion requesting that the court stay the consolidated federal derivative action pending resolution of the consolidated federal class action. On July 31, 2012, the court granted defendants' motion in part, and stayed the consolidated federal derivative action pending a separate resolution of upcoming motions to dismiss in the consolidated federal class action. On June 15, 2012, the state plaintiffs filed a motion to consolidate the state derivative actions, which was granted on July 2, 2012, and on July 5, 2012, the plaintiffs filed a motion for appointment of co-lead plaintiffs and co-lead counsel, which was granted on July 27, 2012. No consolidated complaint has been filed in the state derivative action. On September 14, 2012, the court granted a motion filed by the parties requesting that the court stay the state derivative actions pending the federal court's resolution of anticipated motions to dismiss in the consolidated federal class action. On April 18, 2013, the state court appointed a lead plaintiff and approved its selection of lead counsel and local counsel for the purported derivative action. Following entry of the federal court's order denying defendants' motions to dismiss in In re Groupon Securities Litigation, the courts in both the state and federal derivative actions granted motions requesting that the respective courts extend the litigation stays currently in place pending further developments in In re Groupon, Inc. Securities

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

Litigation. In October 2015, the parties engaged in settlement discussions with the assistance of a mediator, but have not yet reached any agreement regarding resolution of the litigation.

The Company intends to defend all of the securities and stockholder derivative lawsuits vigorously.

In 2010, the Company was named as a defendant in a series of class actions that came to be consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California. The consolidated actions are referred to as In re Groupon Marketing and Sales Practices Litigation. The Company denies liability, but the parties agreed to settle the litigation for $8.5 million before any determination had been made on the merits or with respect to class certification. On December 18, 2012, the district court approved the settlement over various objections to the settlement lodged by certain individual class members. Thereafter, certain of the objectors filed an appeal, and on February 19, 2015, the Court of Appeals vacated the settlement and remanded the case for further proceedings concerning the proposed settlement consistent with the Court of Appeals' opinion. On June 22, 2015, the Company terminated the settlement agreement as is permitted under its terms. In July 2015, the parties reached an agreement in principle regarding a new settlement involving a combination of cash and Groupon credits, worth a total of $8.5 million. On October 22, 2015, the district court granted preliminary approval of the settlement and the parties are currently engaged in complying with the process for the district court to consider granting final approval of the settlement. The Company continues to deny liability and if the settlement is not approved by the court or is not consummated for any reason, will contest the case vigorously.

In addition, third parties have from time to time claimed, and others may claim in the future, that the Company has infringed their intellectual property rights. The Company is subject to intellectual property disputes, including patent infringement claims, and expects that it will increasingly be subject to intellectual property infringement claims as its services expand in scope and complexity. The Company has in the past litigated such claims, and the Company is presently involved in several patent infringement and other intellectual property-related claims, including pending litigation, some of which could involve potentially substantial claims for damages. The Company may also become more vulnerable to third party claims as laws such as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act are interpreted by the courts, and as the Company becomes subject to laws in jurisdictions where the underlying laws with respect to the potential liability of online intermediaries are either unclear or less favorable. The Company believes that additional lawsuits alleging that it has violated patent, copyright or trademark laws will be filed against it. Intellectual property claims, whether meritorious or not, are time consuming and costly to resolve, could require expensive changes in the Company's methods of doing business, or could require it to enter into costly royalty or licensing agreements.

The Company is also subject to, or in the future may become subject to, a variety of regulatory inquiries across the jurisdictions where the Company conducts its business, including, for example, consumer protection, marketing practices, tax and privacy rules and regulations. Any regulatory actions against the Company, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, damage awards, injunctive relief or increased costs of doing business through adverse judgment or settlement, require the Company to change its business practices in expensive ways, require significant amounts of management time, result in the diversion of significant operational resources or otherwise harm the Company's business.

Certain foreign tax authorities have issued assessments totaling $43.5 million to subsidiaries of the Company for additional value-added taxes (VAT) covering periods ranging from January 2011 to May 2014, including interest and penalties through the date of the assessments. Those tax authorities are alleging that, for VAT purposes, the Company's revenues from voucher sales should reflect the total amounts collected from purchasers of those vouchers, rather than the amounts that the Company retains after deducting the portion that is payable to the featured merchants. The Company believes that the assessments are without merit and intends to vigorously defend itself in these matters.

The Company establishes an accrued liability for loss contingencies related to legal and regulatory matters when the loss is both probable and estimable. These accruals represent management's best estimate of probable losses and in such cases, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of the amounts accrued. For some matters for which a loss is probable or reasonably possible, an estimate of the amount of loss or range of loss is not possible, and we may be unable to estimate the possible loss or range of losses that could potentially result from the application of non-monetary remedies. For each matter described above, there are inherent and significant uncertainties based on, among other factors, the stage of the proceedings, developments in the applicable facts of law, or the lack of a specific damage claim. However, the Company believes that the amount of reasonably possible losses in excess of the amounts accrued would not have a material adverse effect on its business, consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The Company's accrued liabilities for loss contingencies related to legal and regulatory matters may change in the future as a result of new developments, including, but not limited to, the occurrence of new legal matters, changes

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

in the law or regulatory environment, adverse or favorable rulings, newly discovered facts relevant to the matter, or changes in the strategy for the matter. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Indemnification

In the normal course of business to facilitate transactions related to its operations, the Company indemnifies certain parties, including employees, lessors, service providers and merchants, with respect to various matters. The Company has agreed to hold certain parties harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations or covenants, or other claims made against those parties. These agreements may limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made and the amount of the claim. The Company is also subject to increased exposure to various claims as a result of its acquisitions, particularly in cases where the Company is entering into new businesses in connection with such acquisitions. The Company may also become more vulnerable to claims as it expands the range and scope of its services and is subject to laws in jurisdictions where the underlying laws with respect to potential liability are either unclear or less favorable. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its officers, directors and underwriters, and the Company's bylaws contain similar indemnification obligations to agents.

It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Historically, any payments that the Company has made under these agreements have not had a material impact on the operating results, financial position or cash flows of the Company.

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

9. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND COMPENSATION ARRANGEMENTS

Common Stock

The Company's certificate of incorporation, as amended and restated, authorizes three classes of common stock: Class A common stock, Class B common stock and common stock. No shares of common stock will be issued or outstanding until October 31, 2016, at which time all outstanding shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock will automatically convert into shares of common stock. In addition, the Company's certificate of incorporation authorizes shares of undesignated preferred stock, the rights, preferences and privileges of which may be designated from time to time by the Board.

Share Repurchase Programs

The Board previously authorized the Company to purchase up to $300.0 million of its outstanding Class A common stock through August 2015. The Company has completed its repurchases under this authorization. In April 2015, the Board approved a new share repurchase program, under which the Company is authorized to repurchase up to an additional $500.0 million of its Class A common stock through August 2017. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company purchased 44,149,663 and 65,902,107 shares of Class A common stock, respectively, for an aggregate purchase price of $192.9 million and $334.1 million (including fees and commissions), respectively, under its share repurchase programs. As of September 30, 2015, up to $268.1 million of Class A common stock remains available for purchase under its current share repurchase program. The timing and amount of any share repurchases are determined based on market conditions, share price and other factors, and the programs may be discontinued or suspended at any time.

Groupon, Inc. Stock Plans

The Groupon, Inc. Stock Plans (the "Plans") are administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board, which determines the number of awards to be issued, the corresponding vesting schedule and the exercise price for options. As of September 30, 2015, 33,976,035 shares were available for future issuance under the Plans.

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense from continuing operations of $35.6 million and $32.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $109.2 million and $85.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, related to stock awards issued under the Plans and acquisition-related awards. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense from discontinued operations of $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and $5.3 million and $4.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Company also capitalized $2.8 million of stock-based compensation for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $9.2 million and $7.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, in connection with internally-developed software.

As of September 30, 2015, a total of $222.2 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested employee stock awards and unvested acquisition-related awards are expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 1.2 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company is authorized to grant up to 10,000,000 shares of common stock under its employee stock purchase plan ("ESPP"). For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, 1,037,198 and 857,171 shares of common stock were issued under the ESPP, respectively.

Stock Options

The table below summarizes the stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2015:

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)



	Options		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) ⁽¹⁾
Outstanding at December 31, 2014	2,262,994		$	1.09	5.03	$	16,226
Exercised	(604,432	)	$	1.35
Forfeited	(1,926	)	$	2.42
Outstanding at September 30, 2015	1,656,636		$	0.99	4.23	$	3,761

Exercisable at September 30, 2015	1,656,636		$	0.99	4.23	$	3,761

(1)

The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the difference between the fair value of the Company's stock on the last day of each period and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of options where the fair value exceeds the exercise price) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

Restricted Stock Units

The restricted stock units granted under the Plans generally vest over a four-year period, with 25% of the awards vesting after one year and the remaining awards vesting on a monthly or quarterly basis thereafter. Restricted stock units are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, except for restricted stock units with performance conditions, which are amortized using the accelerated method. In May 2015, 575,744 restricted stock units previously granted to Ticket Monster employees were modified to permit continued vesting following the Company’s sale of its controlling stake in Ticket Monster. These nonemployee restricted stock units, which require ongoing employment with Ticket Monster to vest, are remeasured to fair value each reporting period. As of September 30, 2015, 441,450 nonemployee restricted stock units are outstanding.

The table below summarizes activity regarding unvested restricted stock units granted under the Plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2015:



	Restricted Stock Units		Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value (per share)
Unvested at December 31, 2014	41,337,927		$	7.78
Granted	22,491,314		$	6.72
Vested	(16,419,868	)	$	7.78
Forfeited	(8,538,937	)	$	7.91
Unvested at September 30, 2015	38,870,436		$	7.12

Performance Share Units

The Company completed its acquisition of Ticket Monster in January 2014 and approximately 2,000,000 performance share units were granted to certain key employees of that subsidiary. The vesting of these awards into shares of the Company's Class A common stock was contingent upon the subsidiary's achievement of specified financial targets over three annual performance periods for the years ending December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 and was subject to continued employment at the end of each performance period. If the financial targets for a performance period were not achieved, no shares would have been issued for that performance period. The grant date fair value of the performance share units was $8.07 per share. No shares were issued for the 2014 annual performance period because the financial targets were not met. Stock-based compensation expense was not recognized for the performance share units for the period of January 1, 2015 through the date of the Ticket Monster disposition on May 27, 2015 because it was not probable that the financial targets for the remaining annual performance periods would be achieved. The performance share units were canceled upon the Company's disposition of Ticket Monster.

Restricted Stock Awards

The Company has granted restricted stock awards in connection with business combinations. Compensation expense on these awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods, which extend through January 2018.

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

The table below summarizes activity regarding unvested restricted stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2015:



	Restricted Stock Awards		Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value (per share)
Unvested at December 31, 2014	34,067		$	15.53
Granted	2,203,861		$	5.95
Vested	(34,067	)	$	15.53
Forfeited	—		$	—
Unvested at September 30, 2015	2,203,861		$	5.95

10. INCOME TAXES

The Company's tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items.

For the three months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded an income tax benefit from continuing operations of $54.0 million on a pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $78.6 million. For the three months ended September 30, 2014, the Company recorded an income tax benefit from continuing operations of $6.4 million on a pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $19.0 million.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded an income tax benefit from continuing operations of $42.9 million on a pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $99.5 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Company recorded income tax expense from continuing operations of $20.2 million on a pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $24.9 million.

The Company's U.S. statutory rate is 35%. Significant factors impacting the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 included losses from continuing operations in jurisdictions that the Company is not able to benefit due to uncertainty as to the realization of those losses, amortization of the tax effects of intercompany sales of intellectual property, nondeductible stock-based compensation expense and decreases in liabilities for uncertain tax positions.

The Company is currently undergoing income tax audits in multiple jurisdictions. There are many factors, including factors outside of the Company's control, which influence the progress and completion of these audits. The Company decreased its liabilities for uncertain tax positions and recognized income tax benefits of $17.8 million and $7.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, as a result of new information that impacted its estimates of amounts that are more-likely-than-not of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of September 30, 2015, the Company believes that it is reasonably possible that changes of up to $5.5 million in unrecognized tax benefits may occur within the next 12 months upon closing of income tax audits or the expiration of applicable statutes of limitations.

On July 27, 2015, in Altera Corp. v. Commissioner, the U.S. Tax Court issued an opinion related to the treatment of stock-based compensation expense in an intercompany cost-sharing arrangement. At this time, the U.S. Department of the Treasury has not withdrawn the requirement to include stock-based compensation from its regulations. Based on the Company's review of this matter and its intercompany cost-sharing agreements, it has concluded that an income tax benefit relating to prior period intercompany charges that may ultimately be reversed under its intercompany cost-sharing agreements does not meet the criteria for recognition in its consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2015. The Company will continue to monitor ongoing developments with respect to the Altera case and the related IRS regulations in future periods and if the Company determines that the recognition criteria are met in a subsequent period, an income tax benefit of approximately $14.0 million would be recognized at that time.

As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, unamortized tax effects of intercompany transactions of $1.0 million and $14.2 million, respectively, are included within "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2015, the estimated future amortization of the tax effects of intercompany transactions is $1.0 million for the remainder of 2015. These amounts exclude the benefits, if any, for tax deductions in other jurisdictions that the Company may be entitled to as a result of the related intercompany transactions.

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

See Note 2, "Discontinued Operations and Other Dispositions," for discussion of the income tax provision (benefit) from discontinued operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

11. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is defined under U.S. GAAP as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability.

To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs in valuation methodologies used to measure fair value:

Level 1 - Measurements that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 - Measurements that include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3 - Measurements derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. These fair value measurements require significant judgment.

In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches within the fair value measurement framework. The valuation methodologies used for the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value and their classification in the valuation hierarchy are summarized below:

Cash equivalents - Cash equivalents primarily consist of AAA-rated money market funds. The Company classified cash equivalents as Level 1 due to the short-term nature of these instruments and measured the fair value based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

Available-for-sale securities and fair value option investments - The Company has investments in redeemable preferred shares and convertible debt securities issued by nonpublic entities. The Company measures the fair value of available-for-sale securities using the discounted cash flow method, which is an income approach, and the probability-weighted expected return method, which is an income approach that incorporates probability-weighted outcomes. See Note 5, "Investments," for discussion of the valuation methodologies used to measure the fair value of the Company's investments in Monster LP and GroupMax.

The Company has classified its investments in available-for-sale securities and its fair value option investments in Monster LP and GroupMax as Level 3 due to the lack of observable market data over fair value inputs such as cash flow projections, discount rates and probability-weightings. Increases in projected cash flows and decreases in discount rates contribute to increases in the estimated fair values of available-for-sale securities and the investments in Monster LP and GroupMax, whereas decreases in projected cash flows and increases in discount rates contribute to decreases in their fair values. Additionally, increases in the probabilities of favorable investment outcomes, such as a sale or initial public offering of the investee, and decreases in the probabilities of unfavorable outcomes, such as a default by the investee, contribute to increases in the estimated fair value of available-for-sale securities, whereas decreases in the probabilities of favorable investment outcomes and increases in the probabilities of unfavorable investment outcomes contribute to decreases in their fair values.

Contingent consideration - The Company has contingent obligations to transfer cash to the former owners of acquired businesses if specified financial results are met over future reporting periods (i.e., earn-outs). Liabilities for contingent consideration are measured at fair value each reporting period, with the acquisition-date fair value included as part of the consideration transferred and subsequent changes in fair value are recorded in earnings within "Acquisition-related expense (benefit), net" on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company uses an income approach to value contingent consideration obligations based on future financial performance, which is determined based on the present value of probability-weighted future cash flows. The Company has classified the contingent consideration liabilities as Level 3 due to the lack of relevant observable market data over

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

fair value inputs such as probability-weighting of payment outcomes. Increases in the assessed likelihood of a higher payout under a contingent consideration arrangement contribute to increases in the fair value of the related liability. Conversely, decreases in the assessed likelihood of a higher payout under a contingent consideration arrangement contribute to decreases in the fair value of the related liability. Changes in assumptions could have an impact on the payout of contingent consideration arrangements with a maximum payout of $24.1 million.

The following tables summarize the Company's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):



			Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using
Description	September 30, 2015		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	490,649	$	490,649	$	—	$	—
Fair value option investments	136,361		—		—		136,361
Available-for-sale securities:
Convertible debt securities	7,882		—		—		7,882
Redeemable preferred shares	4,934		—		—		4,934

Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	10,273		—		—		10,273



			Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using
Description	December 31, 2014		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	440,596	$	440,596	$	—	$	—
Available-for-sale securities:
Convertible debt securities	2,527		—		—		2,527
Redeemable preferred shares	4,910		—		—		4,910

Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	1,983		—		—		1,983

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

The following table provides a roll-forward of the fair value of recurring Level 3 fair value measurements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Assets
Fair value option investments:
Beginning Balance	$	122,525		$	—		$	—		$	—
Acquisition of investments	16,400			—			138,475			—
Total gains (losses) included in earnings	(2,564		)	—			(2,114		)	—
Ending Balance	$	136,361		$	—		$	136,361		$	—
Unrealized gains (losses) still held ⁽¹⁾	$	(2,564	)	$	—		$	(2,114	)	$	—
Available-for-sale securities
Convertible debt securities:
Beginning Balance	$	8,026		$	2,630		$	2,527		$	3,174
Purchase of convertible debt security	—			—			5,000			—
Total gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income	(362		)	740			(50		)	196
Total gains (losses) included in other income (expense), net ⁽²⁾	218			(1,340		)	405			(1,340		)
Ending Balance	$	7,882		$	2,030		$	7,882		$	2,030
Unrealized gains (losses) still held ⁽¹⁾	$	(144	)	$	(600	)	$	355		$	(1,144	)
Redeemable preferred shares:
Beginning Balance	$	4,881		$	4,544		$	4,910		$	—
Purchase of redeemable preferred shares	—			—			—			4,599
Total (losses) gains included in other comprehensive income	53			(86		)	24			(141		)
Ending Balance	$	4,934		$	4,458		$	4,934		$	4,458
Unrealized (losses) gains still held ⁽¹⁾	$	53		$	(86	)	$	24		$	(141	)

Liabilities
Contingent Consideration:
Beginning Balance	$	233		$	4,006		$	1,983		$	606
Issuance of contingent consideration in connection with acquisitions	9,605			—			9,605			4,006
Settlements of contingent consideration liabilities	—			—			(716		)	(424		)
Reclass to non-fair value liabilities when no longer contingent	—			—			(331		)	(143		)
Total (gains) losses included in earnings ⁽³⁾	435			(1,020		)	(268		)	(1,059		)
Ending Balance	$	10,273		$	2,986		$	10,273		$	2,986
Unrealized (gains) losses still held ⁽¹⁾	$	435		$	(1,020	)	$	(656	)	$	(1,020	)


(1)	Represents the unrealized losses or gains recorded in earnings and/or other comprehensive income (loss) during the period for assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 that are still held (or outstanding) at the end of the period.


(2)	Represents accretion of interest income and changes in the fair value of an embedded derivative for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and an other-than-temporary-impairment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014.


(3)	Changes in the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities are classified within "Acquisition-related expense (benefit), net" on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including assets that are written down to fair value as a result of an impairment. The Company did not record any significant nonrecurring fair value measurements after initial recognition for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

Estimated Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value

The following table presents the carrying amounts and fair values of financial instruments that are not carried at fair value in the consolidated financial statements (in thousands):



	September 30, 2015				December 31, 2014
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Cost method investments	$	14,612	$	15,683	$	15,630	$	16,134

The fair values of the Company's cost method investments were determined using the market approach or the income approach, depending on the availability of fair value inputs such as financial projections for the investees and market multiples for comparable companies. The Company has classified the fair value measurements of its cost method investments as Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy because they involve significant unobservable inputs such as cash flow projections and discount rates.

The Company's other financial instruments not carried at fair value consist primarily of short term certificates of deposit, accounts receivable, restricted cash, short-term borrowings, accounts payable, accrued merchant and supplier payables and accrued expenses. The carrying values of these assets and liabilities approximate their respective fair values as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 due to their short-term nature.

12. INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE OF CLASS A AND CLASS B COMMON STOCK

The Company computes net income (loss) per share of Class A and Class B common stock using the two-class method. Basic net income (loss) per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares and the effect of potentially dilutive equity awards outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities consist of stock options, restricted stock units, unvested restricted stock awards and ESPP shares. The dilutive effect of these equity awards is reflected in diluted net income (loss) per share by application of the treasury stock method. The computation of the diluted net income (loss) per share of Class A common stock assumes the conversion of Class B common stock, if dilutive, while the diluted net income (loss) per share of Class B common stock does not assume the conversion of those shares.

The rights, including the liquidation and dividend rights, of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting. Under the two-class method, the undistributed earnings for each period are allocated based on the contractual participation rights of the Class A and Class B common shares as if the earnings for the period had been distributed. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, the undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportionate basis. Further, as the Company assumes the conversion of Class B common stock, if dilutive, in the computation of the diluted net income (loss) per share of Class A common stock, the undistributed earnings are equal to net income (loss) for that computation.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of Class A and Class B common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands, except share amounts and per share amounts):



	Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015						2014						2015						2014
	Class A			Class B			Class A			Class B			Class A			Class B			Class A			Class B
Basic net income (loss) per share:
Numerator
Allocation of net loss - continuing operations	$	(24,522	)	$	(91	)	$	(12,528	)	$	(45	)	$	(56,414	)	$	(205	)	$	(44,879	)	$	(160	)

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)



Less: Allocation of net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	2,991			11			2,183			7			9,613			35			6,552			23
Allocation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - continuing operations	$	(27,513	)	$	(102	)	$	(14,711	)	$	(52	)	$	(66,027	)	$	(240	)	$	(51,431	)	$	(183	)
Allocation of net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders - discontinued operations	—			—			(6,423		)	(22		)	132,966			497			(30,157		)	(107		)
Allocation of net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(27,513	)	$	(102	)	$	(21,134	)	$	(74	)	$	66,939		$	257		$	(81,588	)	$	(290	)
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	642,494,809			2,399,976			667,126,548			2,399,976			661,902,654			2,399,976			673,414,559			2,399,976
Basic net income (loss) per share:
Continuing operations	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.10	)	$	(0.10	)	$	(0.08	)	$	(0.08	)
Discontinued operations	—			—			(0.01		)	(0.01		)	0.20			0.20			(0.04		)	(0.04		)
Basic net income (loss) per share	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.03	)	$	0.10		$	0.10		$	(0.12	)	$	(0.12	)

Diluted net income (loss) per share:
Numerator
Allocation of net loss attributable to common stockholders for basic computation - continuing operations	$	(27,513	)	$	(102	)	$	(14,711	)	$	(52	)	$	(66,027	)	$	(240	)	$	(51,431	)	$	(183	)
Reallocation of net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders as a result of conversion of Class B ⁽¹⁾	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Allocation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - continuing operations	$	(27,513	)	$	(102	)	$	(14,711	)	$	(52	)	$	(66,027	)	$	(240	)	$	(51,431	)	$	(183	)
Allocation of net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders for basic computation - discontinued operations	$	—		$	—		$	(6,423	)	$	(22	)	$	132,966		$	497		$	(30,157	)	$	(107	)
Reallocation of net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders as a result of conversion of Class B ⁽¹⁾	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Allocation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - discontinued operations	—			—			(6,423		)	(22		)	132,966			497			(30,157		)	(107		)
Allocation of net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(27,513	)	$	(102	)	$	(21,134	)	$	(74	)	$	66,939		$	257		$	(81,588	)	$	(290	)
Denominator

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)



Weighted-average common shares outstanding used in basic computation	642,494,809			2,399,976			667,126,548			2,399,976			661,902,654			2,399,976			673,414,559			2,399,976
Conversion of Class B ⁽¹⁾	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Employee stock options ⁽¹⁾	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Restricted shares and RSUs ⁽¹⁾	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding ⁽¹⁾	642,494,809			2,399,976			667,126,548			2,399,976			661,902,654			2,399,976			673,414,559			2,399,976
Diluted net income (loss) per share:
Continuing operations	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.10	)	$	(0.10	)	$	(0.08	)	$	(0.08	)
Discontinued operations	—			—			(0.01		)	(0.01		)	0.20			0.20			(0.04		)	(0.04		)
Diluted net income (loss) per share	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.03	)	$	0.10		$	0.10		$	(0.12	)	$	(0.12	)


(1)	Conversion of Class B shares into Class A shares and outstanding equity awards have not been reflected in the diluted net loss per share calculation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 because the effect would be antidilutive.

The following weighted-average outstanding equity awards are not included in the diluted net income (loss) per share calculations above because they would have had an antidilutive effect on the net loss per share from continuing operations:



	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015	2014	2015	2014
Stock options	1,778,711	2,610,764	1,966,846	2,905,390
Restricted stock units	41,788,616	43,989,496	41,004,715	42,713,167
Restricted stock	1,740,104	36,988	1,108,814	58,718
ESPP shares	1,100,701	466,271	853,020	528,796
Total	46,408,132	47,103,519	44,933,395	46,206,071

13. RESTRUCTURING

In the third quarter of 2015, the Company's Board of Directors approved a restructuring plan relating primarily to workforce reductions in the Company's international operations. In connection with the plan, the Company expects to incur total pre-tax charges of up to $35.0 million through September 2016. In addition to the workforce reductions in its ongoing markets, the Company will cease operations in six countries within its Rest of World segment and three countries within its EMEA segment as part of the restructuring plan. The results of operations for those nine countries were not material to the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015. Costs incurred related to the restructuring plan are classified as "Restructuring charges" on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

The following table summarizes the costs incurred by segment related to the Company’s restructuring plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 (in thousands):



	Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
	Employee Severance and Benefit Costs ⁽¹⁾		Asset Impairments		Other Exit Costs		Total Restructuring Charges
North America	$	890	$	—	$	511	$	1,401
EMEA	19,652		—		83		19,735
Rest of World	2,017		345		648		3,010
Consolidated	$	22,559	$	345	$	1,242	$	24,146


(1)	The employee severance and benefit costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 relates to the termination of approximately 1,200 employees. The cash payments for those costs are expected to be disbursed through March 31, 2016.

The following table summarizes restructuring liability activity for the three months ended September 30, 2015 (in thousands):



	Employee Severance and Benefit Costs			Other Exit Costs			Total
Balance as of June 30, 2015	$	—		$	—		$	—
Charges	22,559			1,242			23,801
Cash payments	(1,756		)	(783		)	(2,539		)
Foreign currency translation	25			2			27
Balance as of September 30, 2015	$	20,828		$	461		$	21,289

14. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company organizes its operations into three segments: North America, EMEA and Rest of World. Segment operating results reflect earnings before stock-based compensation, acquisition-related expense (benefit), net, other expense, net and provision for income taxes. Segment information reported in the tables below represents the operating segments of the Company organized in a manner consistent with which separate information is available and for which segment results are evaluated regularly by the Company's chief operating decision-maker in assessing performance and allocating resources.

Revenue and profit or loss information by reportable segment reconciled to consolidated net loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows (in thousands):

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
North America
Revenue ⁽¹⁾	$	463,931		$	418,494		$	1,425,095		$	1,273,487
Segment cost of revenue and operating expenses ^{(3) (4) (5)}	494,843			405,910			1,404,472			1,234,973
Segment operating income (loss) ⁽³⁾	(30,912		)	12,584			20,623			38,514
EMEA
Revenue ⁽³⁾	199,287			230,072			619,554			688,655
Segment cost of revenue and operating expenses ^{(3) (5) (6)}	195,397			207,643			586,343			619,594
Segment operating income (loss) ⁽³⁾	3,890			22,429			33,211			69,061
Rest of World
Revenue	50,377			65,703			157,697			196,753
Segment cost of revenue and operating expenses ^{(3) (5)}	57,282			67,291			175,542			219,860
Segment operating income (loss) ⁽³⁾	(6,905		)	(1,588		)	(17,845		)	(23,107		)
Consolidated
Revenue	713,595			714,269			2,202,346			2,158,895
Segment cost of revenue and operating expenses ^{(3) (4) (5) (6)}	747,522			680,844			2,166,357			2,074,427
Segment operating income (loss) ⁽³⁾	(33,927		)	33,425			35,989			84,468
Stock-based compensation ⁽²⁾	35,432			32,680			109,043			85,329
Acquisition-related expense (benefit), net	1,064			(304		)	1,300			2,078
Income (loss) from operations	(70,423		)	1,049			(74,354		)	(2,939		)
Other income (expense), net	(8,160		)	(20,056		)	(25,146		)	(21,919		)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes	(78,583		)	(19,007		)	(99,500		)	(24,858		)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	(53,970		)	(6,434		)	(42,881		)	20,181
Income (loss) from continuing operations	(24,613		)	(12,573		)	(56,619		)	(45,039		)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	—			(6,445		)	133,463			(30,264		)
Net income (loss)	$	(24,613	)	$	(19,018	)	$	76,844		$	(75,303	)

(1)

North America includes revenue from the United States of $457.7 million and $409.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $1,405.3 million and $1,242.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. EMEA includes revenue from Switzerland of $112.1 million and $117.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $343.3 million and $312.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. There were no other individual countries that represented more than 10% of consolidated total revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.


(2)	Includes stock-based compensation classified within cost of revenue, marketing expense, and selling, general and administrative expense. Other income (expense), net, includes $0.1 million and $0.2 million of additional stock-based compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015.

(3)

Segment cost of revenue and operating expenses and segment operating income (loss) exclude stock-based compensation and acquisition-related (benefit) expense, net. This presentation corresponds to the measure of segment profit or loss that the Company's chief operating decision-maker uses in assessing segment performance and making resource allocation decisions. The table below summarizes the Company's stock-based compensation expense and acquisition-related expense (benefit), net by reportable segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015				2014					2015				2014
	Stock-based compensation		Acquisition-related		Stock-based compensation		Acquisition-related			Stock-based compensation		Acquisition-related		Stock-based compensation		Acquisition-related
North America	$	30,324	$	1,064	$	28,493	$	(304	)	$	95,607	$	1,300	$	74,179	$	1,934
EMEA	3,441		—		2,687		—			8,881		—		7,187		144
Rest of World	1,810		—		1,500		—			4,716		—		3,963		—
Consolidated	$	35,575	$	1,064	$	32,680	$	(304	)	$	109,204	$	1,300	$	85,329	$	2,078

Acquisition-related expense (benefit), net for the North America segment includes external transaction costs and gains and losses relating to contingent consideration obligations incurred by U.S. legal entities relating to purchases of businesses that became part of the EMEA and Rest of World segments, which is consistent with the attribution used for internal reporting purposes.


(4)	Segment cost of revenue and operating expenses for North America for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 includes a $37.5 million expense related to an increase in the Company's contingent liability for its securities litigation matter. See Note 8, "Commitments and Contingencies," for additional information.


(5)	Segment cost of revenue and operating expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 includes restructuring charges of $1.4 million in North America, $19.7 million in EMEA and $3.0 million in Rest of World. See Note 13, "Restructuring," for additional information.


(6)	Segment cost of revenue and operating expenses for EMEA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 includes a $6.7 million expense for the write-off of a prepaid asset related to a marketing program that was discontinued because the counterparty ceased operations.

The following table summarizes the Company's total assets by reportable segment as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in thousands):



	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
North America ⁽¹⁾	$	1,304,460	$	1,150,417
EMEA	488,333		552,486
Rest of World	237,848		138,144
Assets held for sale ⁽¹⁾	—		386,550
Consolidated total assets	$	2,030,641	$	2,227,597

(1)

North America contains assets from the United States of $1,276.2 million and $1,120.4 million as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Assets held for sale contains assets from the Republic of Korea of $386.6 million as of December 31, 2014. There were no other individual countries that represented more than 10% of consolidated total assets as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

Category Information

The Company offers goods and services through its online local marketplaces in three primary categories: Local Deals ("Local"), Groupon Goods ("Goods") and Groupon Getaways ("Travel"). Collectively, Local and Travel comprise the Company's "Services" deal offerings and Goods, which it also refers to as "Shopping," reflects its product offerings. The Company also earns advertising revenue, payment processing revenue, point of sale revenue and commission revenue. Revenue and gross profit from these other sources, which are primarily generated through the Company's relationships with local and national merchants, are included within the Local category in the tables below.

The following table summarizes the Company's third party and other and direct revenue from continuing operations by category for its three reportable segments for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):



	North America				EMEA				Rest of World				Consolidated
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014
Local ⁽¹⁾:
Third party and other	$	163,786	$	161,912	$	70,781	$	90,002	$	26,372	$	39,034	$	260,939	$	290,948

Travel:
Third party	21,394		17,627		13,561		16,960		6,135		7,243		41,090		41,830
Total services	185,180		179,539		84,342		106,962		32,507		46,277		302,029		332,778

Goods:
Third party	1,643		1,139		11,837		14,750		10,797		14,236		24,277		30,125
Direct	277,108		237,816		103,108		108,360		7,073		5,190		387,289		351,366
Total	278,751		238,955		114,945		123,110		17,870		19,426		411,566		381,491

Total revenue	$	463,931	$	418,494	$	199,287	$	230,072	$	50,377	$	65,703	$	713,595	$	714,269


(1)	Includes revenue from deals with local and national merchants and through local events.

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

The following table summarizes the Company's third party and other and direct revenue from continuing operations by category for its three reportable segments for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):



	North America				EMEA				Rest of World				Consolidated
	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014
Local ⁽¹⁾:
Third party and other	$	517,111	$	503,659	$	228,860	$	295,607	$	85,152	$	114,984	$	831,123	$	914,250

Travel:
Third party	63,341		51,812		41,378		47,636		18,993		20,650		123,712		120,098
Total services	580,452		555,471		270,238		343,243		104,145		135,634		954,835		1,034,348

Goods:
Third party	3,962		3,859		33,517		49,070		34,959		45,832		72,438		98,761
Direct	840,681		714,157		315,799		296,342		18,593		15,287		1,175,073		1,025,786
Total	844,643		718,016		349,316		345,412		53,552		61,119		1,247,511		1,124,547

Total revenue	$	1,425,095	$	1,273,487	$	619,554	$	688,655	$	157,697	$	196,753	$	2,202,346	$	2,158,895


(1)	Includes revenue from deals with local and national merchants and through local events.

The following table summarizes the Company's gross profit from continuing operations by category for its three reportable segments for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):



	North America				EMEA				Rest of World				Consolidated
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014
Local ⁽¹⁾:
Third party and other	$	138,798	$	138,189	$	66,288	$	83,956	$	22,568	$	34,373	$	227,654	$	256,518

Travel:
Third party	17,644		14,000		12,323		15,440		4,859		5,544		34,826		34,984
Total services	156,442		152,189		78,611		99,396		27,427		39,917		262,480		291,502

Goods:
Third party	1,359		951		10,025		12,307		6,392		7,369		17,776		20,627
Direct	33,442		23,002		14,880		19,945		334		202		48,656		43,149
Total	34,801		23,953		24,905		32,252		6,726		7,571		66,432		63,776

Total gross profit	$	191,243	$	176,142	$	103,516	$	131,648	$	34,153	$	47,488	$	328,912	$	355,278


(1)	Includes gross profit from deals with local and national merchants and through local events.

GROUPON, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

The following table summarizes the Company's gross profit from continuing operations by category for its three reportable segments for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):



	North America				EMEA				Rest of World					Consolidated
	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014			2015		2014
Local ⁽¹⁾:
Third party and other	$	441,148	$	433,485	$	213,914	$	274,395	$	73,296	$	98,168		$	728,358	$	806,048

Travel:
Third party	51,820		42,807		36,662		44,003		14,777		16,117			103,259		102,927
Total services	492,968		476,292		250,576		318,398		88,073		114,285			831,617		908,975

Goods:
Third party	3,201		3,239		27,997		43,019		19,166		24,543			50,364		70,801
Direct	86,121		56,279		44,267		51,967		956		(822		)	131,344		107,424
Total	89,322		59,518		72,264		94,986		20,122		23,721			181,708		178,225

Total gross profit	$	582,290	$	535,810	$	322,840	$	413,384	$	108,195	$	138,006		$	1,013,325	$	1,087,200


(1)	Includes gross profit from deals with local and national merchants and through local events.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements about our business and operations. Our actual results may differ materially from those we currently anticipate as a result of many factors, including those we describe under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Overview

Groupon operates online local commerce marketplaces throughout the world that connect merchants to consumers by offering goods and services at a discount. Traditionally, local merchants have tried to reach consumers and generate sales through a variety of methods, including online advertising, the yellow pages, direct mail, newspaper, radio, television, and promotions. By bringing the brick and mortar world of local commerce onto the Internet, Groupon is helping local merchants to attract customers and sell goods and services. We provide consumers with savings and help them discover what to do, eat, see and buy and where to travel.

Current and potential customers are able to access our deal offerings directly through our websites, mobile platforms and emails and may also access our offerings indirectly using search engines. We offer deals through our online local commerce marketplaces in three primary categories: Local Deals ("Local"), Groupon Goods ("Goods") and Groupon Getaways ("Travel"). Collectively, Local and Travel comprise our "Services" deal offerings and Goods, which we also refer to as "Shopping," reflects our product offerings. In our Goods category, we often act as the merchant of record, particularly for deals in North America and for deals in EMEA, which is comprised of Europe, Middle East and Africa. Our revenue from deals where we act as the third party marketing agent is the purchase price paid by the customer for a Groupon voucher ("Groupon") less an agreed upon portion of the purchase price paid to the featured merchants, excluding applicable taxes and net of estimated refunds for which the merchant's share is recoverable. Our direct revenue from deals where we act as the merchant of record is the purchase price paid by the customer, excluding applicable taxes and net of estimated refunds. We generated revenue of $713.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $714.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2014. We generated revenue of $2,202.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $2,158.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

Our operations are organized into three segments: North America, EMEA and the remainder of our international operations ("Rest of World"). See Note 14 "Segment Information" for further information. For the three months ended September 30, 2015, we derived 65.0% of our revenue from our North America segment, 28.0% of our revenue from our EMEA segment and 7.0% of our revenue from our Rest of World segment. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we derived 64.7% of our revenue from our North America segment, 28.1% of our revenue from our EMEA segment and 7.2% of our revenue from our Rest of World segment.

In January 2014, we acquired all of the outstanding equity interests of LivingSocial Korea, Inc., including its subsidiary Ticket Monster, Inc. ("Ticket Monster"), for total consideration of $259.4 million, consisting of $96.5 million in cash and $162.9 million of Class A common stock. Ticket Monster is an e-commerce company based in the Republic of Korea that connects merchants to consumers by offering goods and services at a discount. The operations of Ticket Monster were previously reported in our Rest of World segment. On May 27, 2015, the Company sold a controlling stake in Ticket Monster that resulted in its deconsolidation. The financial results of Ticket Monster, including the gain on disposition and related tax effects, are presented as discontinued operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014. Additionally, the assets and liabilities of Ticket Monster as of December 31, 2014 are presented as held for sale in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements. See Note 2, "Discontinued Operations and Other Dispositions," for additional information. Unless otherwise stated, all amounts discussed below represent continuing operations.

We are making a number of strategic changes in our business. We intend to significantly increase marketing expenses in connection with our efforts to accelerate customer growth. In the near term, we expect that these increased expenditures will increase our operating losses and reduce Adjusted EBITDA. We also intend to de-emphasize lower margin product offerings in our Goods category. While we believe that this change in focus will improve the gross profit margins generated by that category, we expect that it will adversely impact revenue in the near term. Additionally, we are conducting a strategic review of certain of

our non-core businesses and international markets, including potential divestitures. However, we cannot provide any assurance as to the likelihood, timetable or type of transaction.

How We Measure Our Business

We measure our business with several financial and operating metrics. We use these metrics to assess the progress of our business, make decisions on where to allocate capital, time and technology investments and assess the long-term performance of our marketplaces. Certain of the financial metrics are reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP and certain of these metrics are considered non-GAAP financial measures. As our business evolves, we may make changes to our key financial and operating metrics used to measure our business in future periods. For further information and a reconciliation to the most applicable financial measure under U.S. GAAP, refer to our discussion under Non-GAAP Financial Measures in the "Results of Operations" section.

Financial Metrics

•

Gross billings. This metric represents the total dollar value of customer purchases of goods and services, excluding applicable taxes and net of estimated refunds. For third party revenue deals, gross billings differs from third party revenue reported in our consolidated statements of operations, which is presented net of the merchant's share of the transaction price. For direct revenue deals, gross billings are equivalent to direct revenue reported in our consolidated statements of operations. We consider this metric to be an important indicator of our growth and business performance as it is a proxy for the dollar volume of transactions generated through our marketplaces. Tracking gross billings on third party revenue deals also allows us to track changes in the percentage of gross billings that we are able to retain after payments to our merchants.

•

Revenue. Third party revenue is derived from deals where we act as the marketing agent and is the purchase price paid by the customer less an agreed upon portion of the purchase price paid to the featured merchant, excluding applicable taxes and net of estimated refunds for which the merchant's share is recoverable. Direct revenue, when the Company is selling the product as the merchant of record, is the purchase price paid by the customer, excluding applicable taxes and net of estimated refunds.


•	Gross profit. Gross profit reflects the net margin earned after deducting our cost of revenue from our revenue. Due to the lack of comparability between third party revenue, which is presented net of the merchant's share of the transaction price, and direct revenue, which is reported on a gross basis, we believe that gross profit is an important measure for evaluating our performance.

•

Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that we define as net income (loss) from continuing operations excluding income taxes, interest and other non-operating items, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, acquisition-related expense, net and other items that are unusual in nature or infrequently occurring. Our definition of Adjusted EBITDA may differ from similar measures used by other companies, even when similar terms are used to identify such measures. Adjusted EBITDA is a key measure used by our management and Board of Directors to evaluate operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic decisions for the allocation of capital. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and Board of Directors. For further information and a reconciliation to the most applicable financial measure under U.S. GAAP, refer to our discussion under Non-GAAP Financial Measures in the "Results of Operations" section.

•

Free cash flow. Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure that comprises net cash (used in) provided by operating activities from continuing operations less purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software from continuing operations. We use free cash flow, and ratios based on it, to conduct and evaluate our business because, although it is similar to cash flow from operations, we believe that it typically represents a more useful measure of cash flows because purchases of fixed assets, software developed for internal use and website development costs are necessary components of our ongoing operations. Free cash flow is not intended to represent the total increase or decrease in our cash balance for the applicable period. For further information and a reconciliation to the most applicable financial measure under U.S. GAAP, refer to our discussion under Non-GAAP Financial Measures in the "Results of Operations" section.

The following table presents the above financial metrics for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014		2015			2014
Gross billings	$	1,467,534		$	1,490,347	$	4,548,548		$	4,513,163
Revenue	713,595			714,269		2,202,346			2,158,895
Gross profit	328,912			355,278		1,013,325			1,087,200
Adjusted EBITDA	56,334			63,887		189,822			169,387
Free cash flow	(35,347		)	3,686		(25,387		)	(84,218		)

Operating Metrics


•	Active customers. We define active customers as unique user accounts that have purchased a voucher or product from us during the trailing twelve months. We consider this metric to be an important indicator of our business performance as it helps us to understand how the number of customers actively purchasing our deals is trending.

•

Gross billings per average active customer. This metric represents the trailing twelve months gross billings generated per average active customer. This metric is calculated as the total gross billings generated in the trailing twelve months, divided by the average number of active customers in such time period. Although we believe total gross billings, not trailing twelve months gross billings per average active customer, is a better indication of the overall growth of our marketplaces over time, trailing twelve months gross billings per average active customer provides an opportunity to evaluate whether our growth is primarily driven by growth in total customers or in spend per customer in any given period.


•	Units. This metric represents the number of vouchers and products purchased from us by our customers, before refunds and cancellations. We consider unit growth to be an important indicator of the total volume of business conducted through our marketplaces.

Our Active customers and Gross billings per average active customer for the trailing twelve months ("TTM") ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:



	Trailing twelve months ended September 30,
	2015		2014 ⁽¹⁾
TTM Active customers (in thousands)	48,644		46,607
TTM Gross billings per average active customer	$	131.72	$	136.95

(1)

TTM active customers for the period ended September 30, 2014 has been reduced from 52.8 million active customers previously reported to 46.6 million active customers due to the exclusion of Ticket Monster, which has been classified as discontinued operations. These changes decreased TTM gross billings per average active customer for the period ended September 30, 2014 from $148.77 previously reported to $136.95.

Our Units for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015	2014 ⁽¹⁾	2015	2014 ⁽¹⁾
Units (in thousands)	51,862	51,597	158,580	151,910


(1)	Units have been reduced from 88.2 million previously reported to 51.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and from 254.7 million to 151.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 due to the exclusion of Ticket Monster, which has been classified as discontinued operations.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

Deal sourcing and quality. We consider our merchant relationships to be a vital part of our business model and continue to make significant investments in order to expand the variety of tools that we can provide to our merchants. We depend on our ability to attract and retain merchants that are prepared to offer products or services on compelling terms, particularly as we attempt to expand our product and service offerings in order to create more complete online marketplaces for local commerce. In North America and many of our foreign markets, we offer deals in which the merchant has a continuous presence on our websites and

mobile applications by offering vouchers on an ongoing basis for an extended period of time. Currently, a substantial majority of our merchants in North America elect to offer deals in this manner, and we expect that trend to continue. These marketplaces, which we refer to as "pull" marketplaces, enable customers to search for specific types of deals on our websites and mobile applications. However, merchants have the ability to withdraw their extended deal offerings, and we generally do not have noncancelable long-term arrangements to guarantee availability of deals. In order to attract merchants that may not have run deals on our platform or would have run deals on a competing platform, we have been willing to accept lower deal margins across all three of our segments and we expect that trend to continue. If new merchants do not find our marketing and promotional services effective, or if our existing merchants do not believe that utilizing our services provides them with a long-term increase in customers, revenue or profit, they may stop making offers through our marketplaces or they may only continue offering deals if we accept lower margins.

International operations. Our international operations have decreased as a percentage of our total revenue in the current year. For the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, 28.0% and 32.2% of our revenue was generated from our EMEA segment, respectively, and 7.0% and 9.2% of our revenue was generated from our Rest of World segment, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, 28.1% and 31.9% of our revenue was generated from our EMEA segment, respectively, and 7.2% and 9.1% of our revenue was generated from our Rest of World segment, respectively. Operating a global business requires management attention and resources and requires us to localize our services to conform to a wide variety of local cultures, business practices, laws and regulations. The different commercial and regulatory environments in other countries may make it more difficult for us to successfully operate our business. In addition, many of the automation tools and technology enhancements that we have implemented in our North America segment are close to being fully implemented in most EMEA countries but have not been substantially rolled out to the countries in our Rest of World segment. Revenue from our EMEA and Rest of World segments decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period, and the percentage of total revenue generated by those segments decreased on a year-over-year basis. The decrease in revenue from our international segments as a percentage of total revenue was primarily due to an increase in direct revenue transactions from our Groupon Goods category in North America, as direct revenue is presented on a gross basis in our consolidated statements of operations, as well as the adverse impact of year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates on our international revenue.

In September 2015, our Board of Directors approved a restructuring plan relating primarily to workforce reductions in our international operations. See Note 13, "Restructuring," for additional information. Additionally, we are conducting a strategic review of certain of our international markets. In the near term, these actions could potentially cause disruption that may adversely impact the performance of our international operations.

Marketing activities. We must continue to acquire and retain customers in order to increase revenue and attempt to achieve profitability. If consumers do not perceive our Groupon offerings to be attractive, or if we fail to introduce new or more relevant deals, we may not be able to acquire or retain customers. In addition, as we build-out more complete marketplaces, our success will depend on our ability to increase consumer awareness of deals available through those marketplaces. As discussed under "Components of Results of Operations," we consider order discounts, free shipping on qualifying merchandise sales and reducing margins on our deals to be marketing-related activities, even though these activities are not presented as marketing expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. We have increased our use of order discounts as a marketing tool in recent periods because we believe that this is an effective method of driving transaction activity through our marketplaces. Additionally, we have, and expect to continue to, reduce our deal margins when we believe that by doing so we can offer our customers a product or service from a merchant who might not have otherwise been willing to conduct business through our marketplaces. We use this as a marketing tool because we believe that in some instances this is an effective method of retaining or activating a customer, as compared to other methods of retention or activation, such as traditional advertising.

During the quarter ending December 31, 2015 and in future periods, we expect to significantly increase our marketing expenses in connection with our efforts to accelerate customer growth.

Investment in growth. We have aggressively invested, and intend to continue to invest, in our products and infrastructure to support our growth. We also continue to invest in business acquisitions to grow our merchant and customer base, expand and advance our product and service offerings and enhance our technology capabilities. We anticipate that we will make substantial investments in the foreseeable future as we continue to increase the number and variety of deals we offer each day, broaden our customer base, expand our marketing channels, expand our operations, hire additional employees and develop our technology. Additionally, we believe that our efforts to automate our internal processes through investments in technology should allow us to improve our cost structure over time, as we are able to more efficiently run our business and minimize manual processes.

We have developed a suite of tools that will enable merchants to connect with customers through our online local marketplaces on a real-time basis. We believe that these tools, together with the Groupon Merchant application, which we collectively refer to as "Groupon OS," will also streamline the voucher redemption process. In addition, we have begun to add

additional content about local merchants to our websites, including merchants who have not offered deals through our marketplace. This new content, which we refer to as "Pages," is intended to provide customers with the ability to discover more local businesses and deal offerings through our websites. While we believe that these initiatives will contribute to the future success of our business, we do not expect that they will generate a material amount of revenue in the near term.

Competitive pressure. We face competition from a variety of competitors. Some of our competitors offer deals as an add-on to their core business, and others have adopted a business model similar to ours. In addition to such competitors, we expect to increasingly compete against other large Internet and technology‑based businesses that have launched initiatives which are directly competitive to our core business, our other merchant offerings such as payment processing and point of sale, and other initiatives such as Groupon OS and Pages. We also expect to compete against other Internet sites that are focused on specific communities or interests and offer coupons or discount arrangements related to such communities or interests. Further, as our business continues to evolve, we anticipate facing new competition. Increased competition in the future may adversely impact our gross billings, revenue and profit margins.

Growth of Groupon Goods. Our Groupon Goods category has experienced significant revenue growth in recent periods. This category has lower margins than our Local category, primarily as a result of shipping and fulfillment costs related to direct revenue transactions. The percentage of revenue generated from our Goods category was 57.7% and 53.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and 56.6% and 52.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. We are generally the merchant of record for transactions in our Goods category in North America and EMEA, such that the resulting direct revenue is reported on a gross basis in our consolidated statements of operations. Growth in direct revenue results in a smaller increase to income and cash flows than growth in third party revenue because direct revenue includes the entire amount of gross billings, before deducting the cost of the related inventory, while third party revenue is net of the merchant’s share of the transaction price. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue on direct revenue transactions in our Goods category was 12.6% and 12.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and 11.2% and 10.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. As direct revenue transactions in our Goods category have become a larger component of our overall business in recent periods, the significant revenue growth generated by those transactions has not resulted in comparable growth in gross profit, operating income (loss) or cash flows.

During the third quarter 2015, we began to de-emphasize lower margin product offerings in our Goods category. We expect to continue to focus on improving margins in future periods, both by focusing on higher-margin offerings and also by seeking to bring more third party sellers of merchandise to our marketplace in North America. While we believe that this change in focus will improve the gross profit margins generated by our Goods category, we expect that it will adversely impact revenue in the near term.

Components of Results of Continuing Operations

Third Party and Other Revenue

Third party revenue arises from transactions in which we are acting as a third party marketing agent and consists of the net amount we retain from the sale of Groupons after paying an agreed upon portion of the purchase price to the featured merchant, excluding applicable taxes and net of estimated refunds for which the merchant's share is recoverable. Other revenue primarily consists of advertising revenue, payment processing revenue, point of sale revenue and commission revenue.

Direct Revenue

Direct revenue arises from transactions, primarily in our Goods category, in which we are the merchant of record and consists of the gross amount we receive from the customer, excluding applicable taxes and net of estimated refunds.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue is comprised of direct and certain indirect costs incurred to generate revenue. For direct revenue transactions, cost of revenue includes the cost of inventory, shipping and fulfillment costs and inventory markdowns. Fulfillment costs are comprised of third party logistics provider costs, as well as rent, depreciation, personnel costs and other costs of operating our own fulfillment center. For third party revenue transactions, cost of revenue includes estimated refunds for which the merchant's share is not recoverable. Other costs incurred to generate revenue, which include credit card processing fees, editorial costs, certain technology costs, web hosting, and other processing fees, are allocated to cost of third party revenue, direct revenue and other revenue in proportion to gross billings during the period.

Technology costs within cost of revenue include the payroll and stock‑based compensation expense related to the

Company's technology support personnel who are responsible for operating and maintaining the infrastructure of the Company's websites and mobile applications. Technology costs within cost of revenue also include a portion of amortization expense from internal-use software, primarily related to website development. Other technology-related costs within cost of revenue include email distribution costs. Editorial costs included in cost of revenue consist of payroll and stock‑based compensation expense related to the Company's editorial personnel, as these staff members are primarily dedicated to drafting and promoting deals.

Marketing

Marketing expense consists primarily of targeted online marketing costs, such as sponsored search, advertising on social networking sites, email marketing campaigns, affiliate programs and, to a lesser extent, offline marketing costs such as television, radio and print advertising. Additionally, marketing payroll and related stock‑based compensation expense are classified as marketing expense. We record these costs within "Marketing" on the consolidated statements of operations when incurred. From time to time, we offer deals with well-known national merchants for subscriber acquisition and customer activation purposes, for which the amount we owe the merchant for each voucher sold exceeds the transaction price paid by the customer. Our gross billings from those transactions generate no third party revenue and our net cost (i.e., the excess of the amount owed to the merchant over the amount paid by the customer) is classified as marketing expense. Our marketing activities also include elements that are not presented as "Marketing" on our consolidated statements of operations, such as order discounts, free shipping on qualifying merchandise sales and accepting lower margins on our deals. Marketing is the primary method by which we acquire customers and promote awareness and, as such, is a critical part of our growth strategy.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling expenses reported within "Selling, general and administrative" on the consolidated statements of operations consist of payroll, stock-based compensation expense and sales commissions for sales representatives, as well as costs associated with supporting the sales function such as technology, telecommunications and travel. General and administrative expenses include payroll and stock-based compensation expense for employees involved in general corporate functions, such as accounting, finance, tax, legal and human resources, as well as customer service, operations and technology and product development personnel. Additional costs included in general and administrative include depreciation and amortization, rent, professional fees, litigation costs, travel and entertainment, recruiting, office supplies, maintenance, certain technology costs and other general corporate costs.

Restructuring Charges

Restructuring charges represent severance and other employee separation costs for workforce reductions, impairments of long-lived assets and other exit costs.

Gain (Loss) on Disposition of Business

Gain (loss) on disposition of business represents gains or losses that result from the disposition of a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary.

Acquisition‑Related Expense (Benefit), Net

Acquisition-related expense, net includes external transaction costs related to business combinations, primarily consisting of legal and advisory fees, and changes in the fair value of contingent consideration arrangements related to business combinations. See Note 11 "Fair Value Measurements."

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other expense, net includes interest income on our cash and cash equivalents and convertible debt securities, interest expense on capital leases and our revolving credit agreement, gains and losses on equity method and fair value option investments, impairments of investments, and foreign currency transaction gains and losses, primarily resulting from intercompany balances with our subsidiaries that are denominated in foreign currencies.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014
	(in thousands)
Revenue:
Third party and other	$	326,306		$	362,903
Direct	387,289			351,366
Total revenue	713,595			714,269
Cost of revenue:
Third party and other	46,050			50,774
Direct	338,633			308,217
Total cost of revenue	384,683			358,991
Gross profit	328,912			355,278
Operating expenses:
Marketing	61,587			55,258
Selling, general and administrative	326,248			299,275
Restructuring charges	24,146			—
Gain on disposition of business	(13,710		)	—
Acquisition-related expense (benefit), net	1,064			(304		)
Total operating expenses	399,335			354,229
Income (loss) from operations	(70,423		)	1,049
Other income (expense), net	(8,160		)	(20,056		)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes	(78,583		)	(19,007		)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	(53,970		)	(6,434		)
Income (loss) from continuing operations	(24,613		)	(12,573		)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	—			(6,445		)
Net income (loss)	(24,613		)	(19,018		)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(3,002		)	(2,190		)
Net income (loss) attributable to Groupon, Inc.	$	(27,615	)	$	(21,208	)

Classification of stock-based compensation within cost of revenue, operating expenses and other income (expense), net

Cost of revenue, operating expenses and other income (expense), net include stock-based compensation as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2015					2014
	Statement of Operations line item			Stock-based compensation included in line item		Statement of Operations line item			Stock-based compensation included in line item
	(in thousands)
Total cost of revenue	$	384,683		$	1,132	$	358,991		$	899

Operating expenses:
Marketing	$	61,587		$	2,278	$	55,258		$	2,348
Selling, general and administrative	326,248			32,022		299,275			29,433
Restructuring charges	24,146			—		—			—
Gain on disposition of business	(13,710		)	—		—			—
Acquisition-related expense (benefit), net	1,064			—		(304		)	—
Total operating expenses	$	399,335		$	34,300	$	354,229		$	31,781

Total other income (expense), net	$	(8,160	)	$	143	$	(20,056	)	$	—

Foreign exchange rate neutral operating results

The effect on our gross billings, revenue, cost of revenue and operating expenses, and income (loss) from continuing operations for the three months ended September 30, 2015 from changes in exchange rates versus the U.S. dollar was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2015
	At Avg.			Exchange
	Q3 2014			Rate			As
	Rates⁽¹⁾			Effect ⁽²⁾			Reported
	(in thousands)
Gross billings	$	1,584,655		$	(117,121	)	$	1,467,534

Revenue	$	761,867		$	(48,272	)	$	713,595
Cost of revenue and operating expenses	832,923			(48,905		)	784,018
Income (loss) from operations	$	(71,056	)	$	633		$	(70,423	)


(1)	Represents the financial statement balances that would have resulted had exchange rates in the reporting period been the same as those in effect in the prior year period. Foreign exchange rate neutral operating results are non-GAAP financial measures. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below for additional information.


(2)	Represents the increase or decrease in reported amounts resulting from changes in exchange rates from those in effect in the prior year period.

Gross Billings

Gross billings represents the total dollar value of customer purchases of goods and services, excluding applicable taxes and net of estimated refunds. Gross billings for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Gross billings:
Third party	$	1,065,839	$	1,132,280
Direct	387,289		351,366
Other	14,406		6,701
Total gross billings	$	1,467,534	$	1,490,347

For third party revenue deals, gross billings differ from third party revenue reported in our consolidated statements of operations, which is presented net of the merchant's share of the transaction price. For direct revenue deals and other revenue, gross billings are equivalent to direct revenue and other revenue reported in our consolidated statements of operations. Gross billings decreased by $22.8 million to $1,467.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $1,490.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014, due to a $66.4 million decrease in gross billings from third party revenue transactions, partially offset by a $35.9 million increase in gross billings from direct revenue transactions. The unfavorable impact on gross billings from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $117.1 million. The decrease in gross billings from foreign exchange rates was partially offset by increases in units sold and the average price per unit on a local currency basis.

We offer goods and services through three primary categories: Local, Goods and Travel within our North America, EMEA and Rest of World segments. We also earn advertising revenue, payment processing revenue, point of sale revenue and commission revenue. Gross billings, revenue, cost of revenue and gross profit from these other sources, which are primarily generated through the Company's relationships with local and national merchants, are included within the Local category in the tables below.

The decrease in our gross billings was comprised of a $28.3 million decrease in our Local category and a $3.0 million decrease in our Travel category, partially offset by an $8.5 million increase in our Goods category.

Gross Billings by Segment

Gross billings by segment for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2015		% of total		2014		% of total
	(dollars in thousands)
Gross billings:
North America	$	869,203	59.2	%	$	774,286	52.0	%
EMEA	414,482		28.2		489,423		32.8
Rest of World	183,849		12.6		226,638		15.2
Total gross billings	$	1,467,534	100.0	%	$	1,490,347	100.0	%

Gross billings by category and segment for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows (in thousands):



	North America				EMEA				Rest of World				Consolidated
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014
Local ⁽¹⁾:
Third party and other	$	481,608	$	446,573	$	182,540	$	218,615	$	92,972	$	120,269	$	757,120	$	785,457

Travel:
Third party	101,801		84,820		64,916		79,802		30,709		35,754		197,426		200,376
Total services	583,409		531,393		247,456		298,417		123,681		156,023		954,546		985,833

Goods:
Third party	8,686		5,077		63,918		82,646		53,095		65,425		125,699		153,148
Direct	277,108		237,816		103,108		108,360		7,073		5,190		387,289		351,366
Total	285,794		242,893		167,026		191,006		60,168		70,615		512,988		504,514

Total gross billings	$	869,203	$	774,286	$	414,482	$	489,423	$	183,849	$	226,638	$	1,467,534	$	1,490,347


(1)	Includes gross billings from deals with local and national merchants and through local events.

North America

North America segment gross billings increased by $94.9 million to $869.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $774.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in gross billings was comprised of a $35.0 million increase in our Local category, a $42.9 million increase in our Goods category and a $17.0 million increase in our Travel category. The increase in gross billings in the North America segment primarily resulted from an increase in active customers and units sold. We believe that increases in the number of deals that we offered contributed to the growth in gross billings for our North America segment. In addition, we have continued to refine our approach to targeting customers and have undertaken marketing initiatives to increase consumer awareness of deals available through our marketplaces, which we believe contributed to the gross billings growth. These marketing activities include order discounts, which are reported as a reduction of gross billings. Order discounts increased to $36.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $13.7 million in the prior year period.

EMEA

EMEA segment gross billings decreased by $74.9 million to $414.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $489.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in gross billings was comprised of a $36.1 million decrease in our Local category, a $24.0 million decrease in our Goods category and a $14.9 million decrease in our Travel category. The decrease in gross billings in EMEA resulted from a $72.3 million unfavorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period.

Rest of World

Rest of World segment gross billings decreased by $42.8 million to $183.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $226.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in gross billings was comprised of a $27.3 million decrease in our Local category, a $10.4 million decrease in our Goods category and a $5.0 million decrease in our Travel category. The decrease in gross billings in the Rest of World segment resulted from a $43.1 million unfavorable impact on gross billings from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period.

Revenue

Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Revenue:
Third party	$	311,900	$	356,202
Direct	387,289		351,366
Other	14,406		6,701
Total revenue	$	713,595	$	714,269

Revenue decreased by $0.7 million to $713.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $714.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. This decrease was attributable to a $44.3 million decrease in third party revenue, offset by a $35.9 million increase in direct revenue from transactions in our Goods category and a $7.7 million increase in other revenue. The net decrease in revenue was primarily due to foreign exchange rates, partially offset by an increase in unit sales and an increase in active customers for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period. We also increased the number of merchant relationships and the volume of deals we offer to our customers. The unfavorable impact on revenue from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $48.3 million.

Third Party Revenue

Third party revenue decreased by $44.3 million to $311.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $356.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in third party revenue was primarily due to a $37.7 million decrease in our Local category, which resulted from a $36.0 million decrease in third party gross billings in our Local category and a reduction in the percentage of gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share to 33.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 36.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in third party revenue in the three months ended September 30, 2015 was also due to a $5.8 million decrease in our Goods category, which resulted from a reduction in the percentage of gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share to 19.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 19.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2014.

Direct Revenue

Direct revenue increased by $35.9 million to $387.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $351.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. We are generally the merchant of record for transactions in our Goods category in North America and EMEA, such that the resulting revenue is reported on a gross basis within direct revenue. Growth in direct revenue will result in a smaller increase in income from operations than growth in third party revenue because direct revenue includes the entire amount of gross billings, before deducting the cost of the related inventory, while third party revenue is net of the merchant's share of the transaction price. Additionally, our Goods category has lower margins than our Local category, primarily as a result of shipping and fulfillment costs related to direct revenue transactions.

Other Revenue

Other revenue increased by $7.7 million to $14.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $6.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014, primarily due to increases in commission revenue. Other revenue also includes payment processing revenue, advertising revenue and point of sale revenue. Those other revenue sources were not individually significant for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, and we do not expect them to be material in the near term.

Revenue by Segment

Revenue by segment for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2015		% of total		2014		% of total
	(dollars in thousands)
North America:
Third party and other	$	186,823	26.2	%	$	180,678	25.3	%
Direct	277,108		38.8		237,816		33.3
Total segment revenue	463,931		65.0		418,494		58.6
EMEA:
Third party	96,179		13.5		121,712		17.0
Direct	103,108		14.5		108,360		15.2
Total segment revenue	199,287		28.0		230,072		32.2
Rest of World:
Third party	43,304		6.1		60,513		8.5
Direct	7,073		0.9		5,190		0.7
Total segment revenue	50,377		7.0		65,703		9.2
Total revenue	$	713,595	100.0	%	$	714,269	100.0	%

Revenue by category and segment for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows (in thousands):



	North America				EMEA				Rest of World				Consolidated
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014
Local ⁽¹⁾:
Third party and other	$	163,786	$	161,912	$	70,781	$	90,002	$	26,372	$	39,034	$	260,939	$	290,948

Travel:
Third party	21,394		17,627		13,561		16,960		6,135		7,243		41,090		41,830
Total services	185,180		179,539		84,342		106,962		32,507		46,277		302,029		332,778

Goods:
Third party	1,643		1,139		11,837		14,750		10,797		14,236		24,277		30,125
Direct revenue	277,108		237,816		103,108		108,360		7,073		5,190		387,289		351,366
Total	278,751		238,955		114,945		123,110		17,870		19,426		411,566		381,491

Total revenue	$	463,931	$	418,494	$	199,287	$	230,072	$	50,377	$	65,703	$	713,595	$	714,269


(1)	Includes revenue from deals with local and national merchants and through local events.

North America

North America segment revenue increased by $45.4 million to $463.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $418.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in revenue primarily resulted from a $39.3 million increase in direct revenue from our Goods category. Direct revenue, which is recorded on a gross basis, is derived primarily from selling products through our Goods category where we are the merchant of record. Revenue in our Travel category also increased by $3.8 million, which resulted from a $17.0 million increase in gross billings and an increase in the percentage of gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share to 21.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 20.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2014. Third party and other revenue in our Local category increased $1.9 million, which resulted from a $35.0 million increase in gross billings, partially offset by a reduction in the percentage of gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share to 34.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 36.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2014. This decrease in the percentage of gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share reflects an increase in order discounts, as discussed above. The overall increase in revenue in our North America segment was also due to an increase in active customers and units sold.

We believe that increases in the number of deals that we offered contributed to the growth in revenue for our North

America segment. In addition, we have continued to refine our approach to targeting customers and have undertaken marketing initiatives to increase consumer awareness of deals available and drive traffic to our marketplaces, which we believe contributed to the revenue growth. These marketing activities include order discounts, which are reported as a reduction of revenue.

We have begun to focus more of our efforts on sourcing local deal offerings in sub-categories that provide the best opportunities for high frequency customer purchase behavior. These "high frequency use cases" include food and drink (including take-out and delivery), health, beauty and wellness and events and activities. In connection with these efforts, we may be willing to offer more attractive terms to merchants that could reduce our deal margins in future periods.

EMEA

EMEA segment revenue decreased by $30.8 million to $199.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $230.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The unfavorable impact on revenue from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $35.9 million. The overall decrease in revenue in our EMEA segment reflects a decrease in gross billings per average active customer, driven by the impact of foreign exchange, partially offset by an increase in active customers and units sold.

The decrease in revenue consisted of a $19.2 million decrease in third party and other revenue in our Local category, a $5.3 million decrease in direct revenue from our Goods category, a $3.4 million decrease in our Travel category, and a $2.9 million decrease in third party revenue in our Goods category. The $19.2 million decrease in third party and other revenue from our Local category resulted from a $36.1 million decrease in gross billings, due to changes in foreign exchange rates, and a decrease in the percentage of third party and other gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share to 38.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 41.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in the percentage of third party and other gross billings in our Local category that we retained during the three months ended September 30, 2015 reflect the overall results of individual deal-by-deal negotiations with our merchants and can vary significantly from period-to-period. We have been willing to accept lower deal margins, as compared to the prior year period, in order to improve the quality and increase the number of deals offered to our customers by offering more attractive terms to merchants. The $5.3 million decrease in direct revenue from our Goods category was primarily due to changes in foreign exchange rates, partially offset by an increase in units sold.

Rest of World

Rest of World segment revenue decreased by $15.3 million to $50.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $65.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. Revenue from our Local category decreased by $12.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period, which resulted from a $27.3 million decrease in gross billings, primarily due to changes in foreign exchange rates, and a reduction in the percentage of gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share to 28.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 32.5% in the prior year period. The decrease in revenue for our Rest of World segment was also driven by a decrease in active customers and units sold for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period. The unfavorable impact on revenue from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $12.0 million.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue:
Third party	$	41,212	$	47,022
Direct	338,633		308,217
Other	4,838		3,752
Total cost of revenue	$	384,683	$	358,991

comprised of third party logistics provider costs, as well as rent, depreciation, personnel costs and other costs of operating our own fulfillment center. For third party revenue transactions, cost of revenue includes estimated refunds for which the merchant's share is not recoverable. Other costs incurred to generate revenue, which include credit card processing fees, editorial costs, certain technology costs, web hosting and other processing fees, are allocated to cost of third party revenue, direct revenue, and other revenue in proportion to gross billings during the period. As a result of the growth we have experienced from direct revenue transactions relative to our total gross billings for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period, an increased share of those allocable costs has been allocated to cost of direct revenue in our consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2015.

Cost of revenue increased by $25.7 million to $384.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $359.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014, which was attributable to the growth in direct revenue from our Goods category. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily driven by the cost of inventory, partially offset by a decrease in related shipping and fulfillment costs on direct revenue deals. We have undertaken a number of initiatives to reduce our shipping and fulfillment costs in order to improve the margins on direct revenue transactions in our Goods category. For example, to reduce the costs of external logistics providers, we have increased our use of arrangements in which the suppliers of our product offerings ship merchandise directly to our customers. We are also continuing to refine our inventory management practices to better allocate inventories among warehouses in different geographic regions to reduce shipping distances to customers and increase units per transaction.

Cost of Revenue by Segment

Cost of revenue by segment for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2015		% of total		2014		% of total
	(dollars in thousands)
North America:
Third party and other	$	29,022	7.5	%	$	27,538	7.7	%
Direct	243,666		63.4		214,814		59.8
Total segment cost of revenue	272,688		70.9		242,352		67.5
EMEA:
Third party	7,543		2.0		10,009		2.8
Direct	88,228		22.9		88,415		24.6
Total segment cost of revenue	95,771		24.9		98,424		27.4
Rest of World:
Third party	9,485		2.5		13,227		3.7
Direct	6,739		1.7		4,988		1.4
Total segment cost of revenue	16,224		4.2		18,215		5.1
Total cost of revenue	$	384,683	100.0	%	$	358,991	100.0	%

Cost of revenue by category and segment for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows (in thousands):



	North America				EMEA				Rest of World				Consolidated
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014
Local ⁽¹⁾:
Third party and other	$	24,988	$	23,723	$	4,493	$	6,046	$	3,804	$	4,661	$	33,285	$	34,430

Travel:
Third party	3,750		3,627		1,238		1,520		1,276		1,699		6,264		6,846
Total services	28,738		27,350		5,731		7,566		5,080		6,360		39,549		41,276

Goods:
Third party	284		188		1,812		2,443		4,405		6,867		6,501		9,498
Direct	243,666		214,814		88,228		88,415		6,739		4,988		338,633		308,217
Total	243,950		215,002		90,040		90,858		11,144		11,855		345,134		317,715

Total cost of revenue	$	272,688	$	242,352	$	95,771	$	98,424	$	16,224	$	18,215	$	384,683	$	358,991


(1)	Includes cost of revenue from deals with local and national merchants and through local events.

North America

North America cost of revenue increased by $30.3 million to $272.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $242.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily driven by the cost of inventory related to direct revenue deals in our Goods category, due to the growth of that category as compared to the prior year period.

EMEA

EMEA cost of revenue decreased by $2.7 million to $95.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $98.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in cost of revenue was primarily due to changes in foreign exchange rates, partially offset by an increase in units sold on direct revenue transactions. The favorable impact on cost of revenue from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $18.2 million.

Rest of World

Rest of World cost of revenue decreased by $2.0 million to $16.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $18.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in cost of revenue was primarily due to the decrease in revenue from our Local and Goods category. The favorable impact on cost of revenue from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $3.6 million.

Gross Profit

Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Gross profit:
Third party	$	270,688	$	309,180
Direct	48,656		43,149
Other	9,568		2,949
Total gross profit	$	328,912	$	355,278

Gross profit decreased by $26.4 million to $328.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $355.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in gross profit primarily resulted from the $25.7 million increase in cost of revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2015. The unfavorable impact on gross profit from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $26.4 million.

Gross profit as a percentage of revenue decreased to 46.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 49.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2014, as compared to the prior year period, was primarily attributable to the increase in direct revenue. Direct revenue primarily relates to deals in our Goods category, which typically have lower margins than deals in our Local and Travel categories. Additionally, direct revenue and the related cost of revenue are presented on a gross basis in our consolidated statements of operations, which contributes to lower gross profit as a percentage of revenue.

Gross profit on third party revenue decreased by $38.5 million to $270.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $309.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. This decrease in gross profit resulted from the $44.3 million decrease in third party revenue. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue on third party revenue deals was 86.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

Gross profit on direct revenue increased by $5.5 million to $48.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $43.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. This increase in gross profit resulted from the $35.9 million increase in direct revenue to $387.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $351.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014, partially offset by the $30.4 million increase in cost of revenue on direct revenue deals to $338.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $308.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue on direct revenue deals increased to 12.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 12.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in gross profit as a percentage of revenue on direct revenue deals was attributable, in part, to lower shipping and fulfillment costs as a percentage of direct revenue, partially offset by increased cost of inventory as a percentage of direct revenue.

Gross Profit by Segment

Gross profit by segment for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2015		% of total		2014		% of total
	(dollars in thousands)
North America:
Third party and other	$	157,801	48.0	%	$	153,140	43.1	%
Direct	33,442		10.2		23,002		6.5
Total gross profit	191,243		58.2		176,142		49.6
EMEA:
Third party	88,636		26.9		111,703		31.4
Direct	14,880		4.6		19,945		5.6
Total gross profit	103,516		31.5		131,648		37.1
Rest of World:
Third party	33,819		10.2		47,286		13.3
Direct	334		0.1		202		0.1
Total gross profit	34,153		10.3		47,488		13.4
Total gross profit	$	328,912	100.0	%	$	355,278	100.0	%

Gross profit by category and segment for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows (in thousands):



	North America				EMEA				Rest of World				Consolidated
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014
Local ⁽¹⁾:
Third party and other	$	138,798	$	138,189	$	66,288	$	83,956	$	22,568	$	34,373	$	227,654	$	256,518

Travel:
Third party	17,644		14,000		12,323		15,440		4,859		5,544		34,826		34,984
Total services	156,442		152,189		78,611		99,396		27,427		39,917		262,480		291,502

Goods:
Third party	1,359		951		10,025		12,307		6,392		7,369		17,776		20,627
Direct	33,442		23,002		14,880		19,945		334		202		48,656		43,149
Total	34,801		23,953		24,905		32,252		6,726		7,571		66,432		63,776

Total gross profit	$	191,243	$	176,142	$	103,516	$	131,648	$	34,153	$	47,488	$	328,912	$	355,278


(1)	Includes gross profit from deals with local and national merchants and through local events.

North America

North America gross profit increased by $15.1 million to $191.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $176.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in gross profit was comprised of a $10.8 million increase in our Goods category, a $3.6 million increase in our Travel category and a $0.6 million increase in our Local category. Gross profit margins on direct revenue transactions in our Goods category were 12.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2015. This represents a year-over-year increase from 9.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2014.

EMEA

EMEA gross profit decreased by $28.1 million to $103.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as

compared to $131.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in gross profit was comprised of a $17.7 million decrease in our Local category, a $7.3 million decrease in our Goods category and a $3.1 million decrease in our Travel category. The unfavorable impact on gross profit from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $17.7 million. Gross profit margins on direct revenue transactions in our Goods category were 14.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2015. This represents a year-over-year decrease from 18.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2014. Although we are currently focusing on higher margin product offerings, we expect that margins on direct revenue transactions in EMEA for the three months ending December 31, 2015 will continue to be lower than the comparable prior year period.

Rest of World

Rest of World gross profit decreased by $13.3 million to $34.2 million for three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $47.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in gross profit was comprised of an $11.8 million decrease in our Local category and a $0.8 million decrease in our Goods category. The unfavorable impact on gross profit from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $8.4 million.

Marketing

For the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, marketing expense was $61.6 million and $55.3 million, respectively. Marketing expense by segment as a percentage of segment gross billings, segment revenue and total marketing expense for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2015		% of Segment Gross Billings		% of Segment Revenue		% of Total Marketing		2014		% of Segment Gross Billings		% of Segment Revenue		% of Total Marketing
	(dollars in thousands)
North America	$	35,336	4.1	%	7.6	%	57.4	%	$	31,155	4.0	%	7.4	%	56.4	%
EMEA	21,690		5.2		10.9		35.2		17,289		3.5		7.5		31.3
Rest of World	4,561		2.5		9.1		7.4		6,814		3.0		10.4		12.3
Total marketing	$	61,587	4.2		8.6		100.0	%	$	55,258	3.7		7.7		100.0	%

Marketing is the primary method by which we acquire customers and, as such, is an important element of our business. Marketing expense increased by $6.3 million to $61.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $55.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. Marketing expense as a percentage of gross billings and revenue was 4.2% and 8.6%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 3.7% and 7.7%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2014. We evaluate marketing expense as a percentage of gross billings and revenue because it gives us an indication of how well our marketing spend is driving gross billings and revenue growth. The favorable impact on marketing from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $3.7 million.

Our marketing activities also include elements that are not presented as "Marketing" on our condensed consolidated statements of operations, such as order discounts, free shipping on qualifying merchandise sales and accepting lower margins on our deals.

North America

North America marketing expense increased by $4.2 million to $35.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $31.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in marketing expense is primarily attributable to increased spending on online marketing channels, such as search engine marketing and display advertising.

EMEA

EMEA marketing expense increased by $4.4 million to $21.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $17.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The increase was due to a $6.7 million write-off of a prepaid asset related to a marketing program that was discontinued because the counterparty ceased operations, partially offset by changes in foreign exchange rates. The favorable impact on EMEA marketing from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $2.7 million.

Rest of World

Rest of World marketing expense decreased by $2.3 million to $4.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $6.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in marketing expense was primarily due to reduced spending on online marketing channels, such as search engine marketing, display advertising and affiliate programs that utilize third parties to promote our deals online.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expense increased by $27.0 million to $326.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $299.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The increase was due to a $37.5 million increase in our contingent liability related to our securities litigation matter, partially offset by changes in foreign exchange rates. See Note 8, "Commitments and Contingencies," for additional information regarding the securities litigation matter. The favorable impact on selling, general and administrative expense from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $22.8 million.

Restructuring Charges

In the third quarter of 2015, our Board of Directors approved a restructuring plan relating primarily to workforce reductions in our international operations, as further discussed in Note 13, "Restructuring."

The following table summarizes the costs incurred by segment related to the Company’s restructuring plan for the three months ended September 30, 2015 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2015
	Employee Severance and Benefit Costs		Asset Impairments		Other Exit Costs		Total Restructuring Charges
North America	$	890	$	—	$	511	$	1,401
EMEA	19,652		—		83		19,735
Rest of World	2,017		345		648		3,010
Consolidated	$	22,559	$	345	$	1,242	$	24,146

Gain on Disposition of Business

On August 6, 2015, our subsidiary in India ("Groupon India") completed an equity financing transaction with a third party investor that obtained a majority voting interest in the entity. See Note 5, "Investments," for information about this transaction. We recognized a pre-tax gain on the disposition of $13.7 million, which represents the excess of (a) the sum of (i) $14.2 million in net consideration received, consisting of the $16.4 million fair value of its retained minority investment, less $1.3 million in transaction costs and a $0.9 million guarantee liability and (ii) Groupon India's $0.9 million cumulative translation loss, which was reclassified to earnings, over (b) the $1.4 million net book value of Groupon India upon the closing of the transaction. We did not receive any cash proceeds in connection with the transaction.

Acquisition‑Related Expense (Benefit), Net

For the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, we incurred a net acquisition-related expense of $1.1 million and a net acquisition-related benefit of $0.3 million, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2015, the net acquisition-related expense primarily related to external transaction costs for business combinations. For the three months ended September 30, 2014, the net acquisition-related benefits related to changes in the fair value of contingent consideration. See Note 11 "Fair Value Measurements" for information about fair value measurements of contingent consideration arrangements.

Income (Loss) from Operations

Loss from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $70.4 million, as compared to income from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2014 of $1.0 million. The change in income (loss) from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period, was primarily due to the decrease in gross profit of $26.4 million and an increase in restructuring charges of $24.1 million, partially offset by a gain on disposition of business of $13.7 million. The favorable impact on the loss from operations from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $0.6 million.

North America

Segment operating income (loss) in our North America segment, which excludes stock-based compensation and acquisition-related expense, net, decreased by $43.5 million to a loss of $30.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to income of $12.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in segment operating income was attributable to an increase in segment operating expenses, including a $37.5 million expense to increase the contingent liability for our securities litigation matter, partially offset by an increase in segment gross profit.

EMEA

Segment operating income in our EMEA segment, which excludes stock-based compensation and acquisition-related expense, net, decreased by $18.5 million to $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $22.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in segment operating income was attributable to a decrease in segment gross profit, partially offset by a decrease in segment operating expenses.

Rest of World

Segment operating loss in our Rest of World segment, which excludes stock-based compensation and acquisition-related expense, net, increased by $5.3 million to a loss of $6.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to a loss of $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in segment operating loss was attributable to a decrease in segment gross profit, partially offset by a decrease in segment operating expenses.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other expense, net, was $8.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $20.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The current period expense was primarily comprised of $5.2 million in foreign currency transaction losses and $2.6 million in losses on changes in the fair value of investments. The foreign currency transaction losses primarily resulted from intercompany balances with our subsidiaries that are denominated in foreign currencies. For the three months ended September 30, 2014, other expense, net was primarily comprised of $18.6 million of foreign currency transaction losses.

Provision for Income Taxes

For the three months ended September 30, 2015, we recorded an income tax benefit from continuing operations of $54.0 million on a pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $78.6 million. For the three months ended September 30, 2014, we recorded an income tax benefit from continuing operations of $6.4 million on a pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $19.0 million.

Our U.S. statutory rate is 35%. Significant factors impacting the effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 included losses from continuing operations in jurisdictions that we are not able to benefit due to uncertainty as to the realization of those losses, amortization of the tax effects of intercompany sales of intellectual property, nondeductible stock-based compensation expense and decreases in our liabilities for uncertain tax positions.

losses. Our consolidated effective tax rate in future periods will also be adversely impacted by the amortization of the tax effects of intercompany transactions, including intercompany sales of intellectual property that we expect to undertake in the future.

We are currently undergoing income tax audits in multiple jurisdictions. There are many factors, including factors outside of our control, which influence the progress and completion of these audits. We decreased our liabilities for uncertain tax positions and recognized income tax benefits of $17.8 million and $7.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, as a result of new information that impacted our estimates of amounts that are more-likely-than-not of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of September 30, 2015, we believe that it is reasonably possible that changes of up to $5.5 million in unrecognized tax benefits may occur within the next 12 months upon closing of income tax audits or the expiration of applicable statutes of limitations.

Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations

On May 27, 2015, we sold a controlling stake in Ticket Monster as further discussed in Note 5, "Investments." We recognized a pre-tax gain on the disposition of $202.2 million ($138.0 million net of tax), which represents the excess of (a) the $398.8 million in net consideration received, consisting of (i) $285.0 million in cash proceeds and (ii) the $122.1 million fair value of our retained minority investment, less (iii) $8.3 million in transaction costs, over (b) the sum of (i) the $184.3 million net book value of Ticket Monster upon the closing of the transaction and (ii) Ticket Monster's $12.3 million cumulative translation loss, which was reclassified to earnings.

A component of an entity is reported as a discontinued operation if its disposal represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results. We analyzed the quantitative and qualitative factors relevant to Ticket Monster and the disposition transaction and determined that those conditions for discontinued operations presentation have been met. As such, the financial results of Ticket Monster, are reported within discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

The following table summarizes the major classes of line items included in income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the three months ended September 30, 2014 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2014
Third party and other revenue	$	36,900
Direct revenue	5,885
Third party and other cost of revenue	(10,723		)
Direct cost of revenue	(7,196		)
Marketing expense	(4,677		)
Selling, general and administrative expense	(26,667		)
Other income, net	33
Loss from discontinued operations before gain on disposition and provision for income taxes	(6,445		)
Gain on disposition	—
Provision for income taxes	—
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	$	(6,445	)

No income taxes were recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2014 because valuation allowances have been provided against the related net deferred tax assets.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014
	(in thousands)
Revenue:
Third party and other	$	1,027,273		$	1,133,109
Direct	1,175,073			1,025,786
Total revenue	2,202,346			2,158,895
Cost of revenue:
Third party and other	145,292			153,333
Direct	1,043,729			918,362
Total cost of revenue	1,189,021			1,071,695
Gross profit	1,013,325			1,087,200
Operating expenses:
Marketing	171,127			182,142
Selling, general and administrative	904,816			905,919
Restructuring charges	24,146			—
Gain on disposition of business	(13,710		)	—
Acquisition-related expense, net	1,300			2,078
Total operating expenses	1,087,679			1,090,139
Income (loss) from operations	(74,354		)	(2,939		)
Other expense, net	(25,146		)	(21,919		)
Loss from continuing operations before provision for income taxes	(99,500		)	(24,858		)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	(42,881		)	20,181
Income (loss) from continuing operations	(56,619		)	(45,039		)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	133,463			(30,264		)
Net income (loss)	76,844			(75,303		)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(9,648		)	(6,575		)
Net income (loss) attributable to Groupon, Inc.	$	67,196		$	(81,878	)

Classification of stock-based compensation within cost of revenue, operating expenses and other income (expense), net

Cost of revenue, operating expenses and other income (expense), net include stock-based compensation as follows:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015					2014
	Statement of Operations line item			Stock-based compensation included in line item		Statement of Operations line item		Stock-based compensation included in line item
	(in thousands)
Total cost of revenue	$	1,189,021		$	3,507	$	1,071,695	$	2,087

Operating expenses:
Marketing	$	171,127		$	6,326	$	182,142	$	6,811
Selling, general and administrative	904,816			99,210		905,919		76,431
Restructuring charges	24,146			—		—		—
Gain on disposition of business	(13,710		)	—		—		—
Acquisition-related expense (benefit), net	1,300			—		2,078		—
Total operating expenses	$	1,087,679		$	105,536	$	1,090,139	$	83,242

Total other expense, net	25,146			161		21,919		$	—

Foreign exchange rate neutral operating results

The effect on our gross billings, revenue, cost of revenue and operating expenses, and income (loss) from continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 from changes in exchange rates versus the U.S. dollar was as follows:



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
	At Avg.			Exchange
	Q3 2014 YTD			Rate			As
	Rates⁽¹⁾			Effect ⁽²⁾			Reported
	(in thousands)
Gross billings	$	4,909,715		$	(361,167	)	$	4,548,548

Revenue	$	2,356,130		$	(153,784	)	$	2,202,346
Cost of revenue and operating expenses	2,431,163			(154,463		)	2,276,700
Income (loss) from operations	$	(75,033	)	$	679		$	(74,354	)


(1)	Represents the financial statement balances that would have resulted had exchange rates in the reporting period been the same as those in effect in the prior year period. Foreign exchange rate neutral operating results are non-GAAP financial measures. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below for additional information.


(2)	Represents the increase or decrease in reported amounts resulting from changes in exchange rates from those in effect in the prior year period.

Gross Billings

Gross billings represents the total dollar value of customer purchases of goods and services, excluding applicable taxes and net of estimated refunds. Gross billings for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Gross billings:
Third party	$	3,337,958	$	3,470,215
Direct	1,175,073		1,025,786
Other	35,517		17,162
Total gross billings	$	4,548,548	$	4,513,163

Gross billings increased by $35.4 million to $4,548.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $4,513.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014, due to a $149.3 million increase in gross billings from direct revenue transactions, partially offset by a $132.3 million decrease in gross billings from third party revenue transactions. The increase in gross billings was driven by an increase in active customers and the volume of transactions, resulting from our global efforts to build our marketplaces and increase our offerings to customers. The unfavorable impact on gross billings from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $361.2 million.

The increase in our gross billings was comprised of a $55.0 million increase in our Goods category and a $13.6 million increase in our Travel category, partially offset by a $33.2 million decrease in our Local category.

Gross Billings by Segment

Gross billings by segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		% of total		2014		% of total
	(dollars in thousands)
Gross billings:
North America	$	2,659,436	58.5	%	$	2,354,900	52.2	%
EMEA	1,307,207		28.7		1,486,266		32.9
Rest of World	581,905		12.8		671,997		14.9
Total gross billings	$	4,548,548	100.0	%	$	4,513,163	100.0	%

Gross billings by category and segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows (in thousands):



	North America				EMEA				Rest of World				Consolidated
	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014
Local ⁽¹⁾:
Third party and other	$	1,493,544	$	1,364,891	$	598,691	$	708,022	$	293,110	$	345,670	$	2,385,345	$	2,418,583

Travel:
Third party	301,387		256,602		189,525		213,268		94,918		102,313		585,830		572,183
Total services	1,794,931		1,621,493		788,216		921,290		388,028		447,983		2,971,175		2,990,766

Goods:
Third party	23,824		19,250		203,192		268,634		175,284		208,727		402,300		496,611
Direct	840,681		714,157		315,799		296,342		18,593		15,287		1,175,073		1,025,786
Total	864,505		733,407		518,991		564,976		193,877		224,014		1,577,373		1,522,397

Total gross billings	$	2,659,436	$	2,354,900	$	1,307,207	$	1,486,266	$	581,905	$	671,997	$	4,548,548	$	4,513,163


(1)	Includes gross billings from deals with local and national merchants and through local events.

North America

North America segment gross billings increased by $304.5 million to $2,659.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $2,354.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in gross billings was comprised of a $128.7 million increase in our Local category, a $131.1 million increase in our Goods category and a $44.8 million increase in our Travel category. The increase in gross billings in the North America segment primarily resulted from an increase in active customers and units sold. We believe that increases in transaction activity by active customers who make purchases on mobile devices and in the number of deals that we offered contributed to the growth in gross billings for our North America segment. In addition, we have continued to refine our approach to targeting customers and have undertaken marketing initiatives to increase consumer awareness of deals available through our marketplaces, which we believe contributed to the gross billings growth. These marketing activities include order discounts, which are reported as a reduction of gross billings. Order discounts increased to $97.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $45.8 million in the prior year period.

EMEA

EMEA segment gross billings decreased by $179.1 million to $1,307.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $1,486.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in gross billings was comprised of a $109.3 million decrease in our Local category, a $46.0 million decrease in our Goods category and a $23.7 million decrease in our Travel category. The decrease in gross billings in EMEA resulted from a $256.2 million unfavorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, partially offset by increases in active customers and units sold for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period.

Rest of World

Rest of World segment gross billings decreased by $90.1 million to $581.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $672.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in gross billings was comprised of a $52.6 million decrease in our Local category, a $30.1 million decrease in our Goods category and a $7.4 million decrease in our Travel category. The decrease in gross billings in the Rest of World segment resulted from a $101.1 million unfavorable impact on gross billings from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period.

Revenue

Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Revenue:
Third party	$	991,756	$	1,115,947
Direct	1,175,073		1,025,786
Other	35,517		17,162
Total revenue	$	2,202,346	$	2,158,895

Revenue increased by $43.5 million to $2,202.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $2,158.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. This increase was attributable to the $149.3 million increase in direct revenue from transactions in our Goods category and a $18.4 million increase in other revenue, partially offset by a $124.2 million decrease in third party revenue. The net increase in revenue was attributable to increased unit sales and an increase in active customers for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period. We also increased the number of merchant relationships and the volume of deals we offer to our customers. The unfavorable impact on revenue from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $153.8 million.

Third Party Revenue

Third party revenue decreased by $124.2 million to $991.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $1,115.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in third party revenue was primarily due to a $101.5 million decrease in our Local category, which resulted from a $51.6 million decrease in third party gross billings in our Local category and a reduction in the percentage of gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share to 33.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 37.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in third party revenue in the current year was also due to a $26.3 million decrease in our Goods category, which resulted from a $94.3 million decrease in third party gross billings in our Goods category and a reduction in the percentage of gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share to 18.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 19.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

Direct Revenue

Direct revenue increased by $149.3 million to $1,175.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $1,025.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. We are generally the merchant of record for transactions in our Goods category in North America and EMEA, such that the resulting revenue is reported on a gross basis within direct revenue. Growth in direct revenue will result in a smaller increase in income from operations than growth in third party revenue because direct revenue includes the entire amount of gross billings, before deducting the cost of the related inventory, while third party revenue is net of the merchant's share of the transaction price. Additionally, our Goods category has lower margins than our Local category, primarily as a result of shipping and fulfillment costs related to direct revenue transactions.

Other Revenue

Other revenue increased by $18.4 million to $35.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $17.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014, primarily due to increases in commission revenue. Other revenue also includes payment processing revenue, advertising revenue and point of sale revenue. Those other revenue sources were not individually significant for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, and we do not expect them to be material in the near term.

Revenue by Segment

Revenue by segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		% of total		2014		% of total
	(dollars in thousands)
North America:
Third party and other	$	584,414	26.5	%	$	559,330	25.9	%
Direct	840,681		38.2		714,157		33.1
Total segment revenue	1,425,095		64.7		1,273,487		59.0
EMEA:
Third party	303,755		13.8		392,313		18.2
Direct	315,799		14.3		296,342		13.7
Total segment revenue	619,554		28.1		688,655		31.9
Rest of World:
Third party	139,104		6.3		181,466		8.4
Direct	18,593		0.9		15,287		0.7
Total segment revenue	157,697		7.2		196,753		9.1
Total revenue	$	2,202,346	100.0	%	$	2,158,895	100.0	%

Revenue by category and segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows (in thousands):



	North America				EMEA				Rest of World				Consolidated
	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014
Local ⁽¹⁾:
Third party and other	$	517,111	$	503,659	$	228,860	$	295,607	$	85,152	$	114,984	$	831,123	$	914,250

Travel:
Third party	63,341		51,812		41,378		47,636		18,993		20,650		123,712		120,098
Total services	580,452		555,471		270,238		343,243		104,145		135,634		954,835		1,034,348

Goods:
Third party	3,962		3,859		33,517		49,070		34,959		45,832		72,438		98,761
Direct revenue	840,681		714,157		315,799		296,342		18,593		15,287		1,175,073		1,025,786
Total	844,643		718,016		349,316		345,412		53,552		61,119		1,247,511		1,124,547

Total revenue	$	1,425,095	$	1,273,487	$	619,554	$	688,655	$	157,697	$	196,753	$	2,202,346	$	2,158,895


(1)	Includes revenue from deals with local and national merchants and through local events.

North America

North America segment revenue increased by $151.6 million to $1,425.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $1,273.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in revenue primarily resulted from a $126.5 million increase in direct revenue from our Goods category. Direct revenue, which is recorded on a gross basis, is derived primarily from selling products through our Goods category where we are the merchant of record. Revenue in our Travel category also increased by $11.5 million, which resulted from a $44.8 million increase in gross billings and an increase in the percentage of gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share to 21.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 20.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Third party and other revenue in our Local category increased $13.5 million, which resulted from a $128.7 million increase in gross billings, partially offset by a reduction in the percentage of gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share to 34.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 36.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. This decrease in the percentage of gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share reflects an increase in order discounts, as discussed above. The overall increase in revenue in our North America segment was also due to an increase in active customers and units sold.

We believe that increases in the number of deals that we offered contributed to the growth in revenue for our North

EMEA

EMEA segment revenue decreased by $69.1 million to $619.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $688.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The overall decrease in revenue in our EMEA segment was due to a decrease in gross billings per average active customer, partially offset by an increase in active customers and units sold. The unfavorable impact on revenue from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $124.7 million.

The decrease in revenue consisted of a $66.7 million decrease in third party and other revenue in our Local category and a $15.6 million decrease in third party revenue in our Goods category, partially offset by a $19.5 million increase in direct revenue from our Goods category. The $66.7 million decrease in third party and other revenue from our Local category resulted from a $109.3 million decrease in gross billings, due to changes in foreign exchange rates, and a decrease in the percentage of third party and other gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share to 38.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 41.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The $15.6 million decrease in third party revenue in our Goods category resulted from a $65.4 million decrease in gross billings, due to the shift to more direct revenue transactions, and a decrease in the percentage of gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share to 16.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 18.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. These decreases in the percentage of third party and other gross billings that we retained during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 reflect the overall results of individual deal-by-deal negotiations with our merchants and can vary significantly from period-to-period. We have been willing to accept lower deal margins, as compared to the prior year period, in order to improve the quality and increase the number of deals offered to our customers by offering more attractive terms to merchants.

Rest of World

Rest of World segment revenue decreased by $39.1 million to $157.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $196.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Revenue from our Local category decreased by $29.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period, which resulted from a $52.6 million decrease in gross billings, primarily due to changes in foreign exchange rates, and a reduction in the percentage of gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share to 29.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 33.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Revenue from our Goods category decreased by $7.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period, due to a $10.9 million decrease in third party revenue, which resulted from a $33.4 million decrease in gross billings, primarily due to changes in foreign exchange rates, and a reduction in the percentage of gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share to 19.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 22.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. In our Rest of World segment, revenue from transactions in our Goods category are primarily presented on a net basis within third party revenue, as we have not typically been the merchant of record for those transactions outside of the United States and EMEA. The decrease in revenue for our Rest of World segment was driven by a decrease in active customers and units sold for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period. The unfavorable impact on revenue from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $28.1 million.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue:
Third party	$	129,644	$	141,519
Direct	1,043,729		918,362
Other	15,648		11,814
Total cost of revenue	$	1,189,021	$	1,071,695

Cost of revenue is comprised of direct and certain indirect costs incurred to generate revenue. For direct revenue deals, cost of revenue includes the cost of inventory, shipping and fulfillment costs and inventory markdowns. Fulfillment costs are comprised of third party logistics provider costs, as well as rent, depreciation, personnel costs and other costs of operating our own fulfillment center. For third party revenue transactions, cost of revenue includes estimated refunds for which the merchant's share is not recoverable. Other costs incurred to generate revenue, which include credit card processing fees, editorial costs, certain technology costs, web hosting and other processing fees, are allocated to cost of third party revenue, direct revenue, and other revenue in proportion to gross billings during the period. As a result of the growth we have experienced from direct revenue transactions relative to our total gross billings for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period, an increased share of those allocable costs has been allocated to cost of direct revenue in our consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Cost of revenue increased by $117.3 million to $1,189.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $1,071.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014, which was attributable to the growth in direct revenue from our Goods category. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily driven by the cost of inventory, partially offset by a decrease in related shipping and fulfillment costs on direct revenue deals. We have undertaken a number of initiatives to reduce our shipping and fulfillment costs in order to improve the margins on direct revenue transactions in our Goods category. For example, to reduce the costs of external logistics providers, we have increased our use of arrangements in which the suppliers of our product offerings ship merchandise directly to our customers. We are also continuing to refine our inventory management practices to better allocate inventories among warehouses in different geographic regions to reduce shipping distances to customers and increase units per transaction.

Cost of Revenue by Segment

Cost of revenue by segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		% of total		2014		% of total
	(dollars in thousands)
North America:
Third party and other	$	88,245	7.4	%	$	79,799	7.4	%
Direct	754,560		63.5		657,878		61.4
Total segment cost of revenue	842,805		70.9		737,677		68.8
EMEA:
Third party	25,182		2.1		30,896		2.9
Direct	271,532		22.9		244,375		22.8
Total segment cost of revenue	296,714		25.0		275,271		25.7
Rest of World:
Third party	31,865		2.7		42,638		4.0
Direct	17,637		1.4		16,109		1.5
Total segment cost of revenue	49,502		4.1		58,747		5.5
Total cost of revenue	$	1,189,021	100.0	%	$	1,071,695	100.0	%

Cost of revenue by category and segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows (in thousands):



	North America				EMEA				Rest of World				Consolidated
	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014
Local ⁽¹⁾:
Third party and other	$	75,963	$	70,174	$	14,946	$	21,212	$	11,856	$	16,816	$	102,765	$	108,202

Travel:
Third party	11,521		9,005		4,716		3,633		4,216		4,533		20,453		17,171
Total services	87,484		79,179		19,662		24,845		16,072		21,349		123,218		125,373

Goods:
Third party	761		620		5,520		6,051		15,793		21,289		22,074		27,960
Direct	754,560		657,878		271,532		244,375		17,637		16,109		1,043,729		918,362
Total	755,321		658,498		277,052		250,426		33,430		37,398		1,065,803		946,322

Total cost of revenue	$	842,805	$	737,677	$	296,714	$	275,271	$	49,502	$	58,747	$	1,189,021	$	1,071,695


(1)	Includes cost of revenue from deals with local and national merchants and through local events.

North America

North America cost of revenue increased by $105.1 million to $842.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $737.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily driven by the cost of inventory related to direct revenue deals in our Goods category, due to the growth of that category as compared to the prior year period.

EMEA

EMEA cost of revenue increased by $21.4 million to $296.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $275.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily driven by the cost of inventory related to direct revenue deals in our Goods category. The favorable impact on cost of revenue from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $62.8 million.

Rest of World

Rest of World cost of revenue decreased by $9.2 million to $49.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $58.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in cost of revenue was primarily due to the decrease in revenue from our Local and Goods categories. The favorable impact on cost of revenue from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $8.4 million.

Gross Profit

Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Gross profit:
Third party	$	862,112	$	974,428
Direct	131,344		107,424
Other	19,869		5,348
Total gross profit	$	1,013,325	$	1,087,200

Gross profit decreased by $73.9 million to $1,013.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $1,087.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. This decrease in gross profit resulted from the $117.3 million increase in cost of revenue, partially offset by the $43.5 million increase in revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The unfavorable impact on gross profit from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $82.4 million.

Gross profit as a percentage of revenue decreased to 46.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 50.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period, was primarily attributable to the increase in direct revenue. Direct revenue primarily relates to deals in our Goods category, which typically have lower margins than deals in our Local and Travel categories. Additionally, direct revenue and the related cost of revenue are presented on a gross basis in our consolidated statements of operations, which contributes to lower gross profit as a percentage of revenue.

Gross profit on third party revenue decreased by $112.3 million to $862.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $974.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. This decrease in gross profit resulted from the $124.2 million decrease in third party revenue. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue on third party revenue deals decreased to 86.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 87.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

Gross profit on direct revenue increased by $23.9 million to $131.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $107.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. This increase in gross profit resulted from the $149.3 million increase in direct revenue to $1,175.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $1,025.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014, partially offset by the $125.4 million increase in cost of revenue on direct revenue deals to $1,043.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $918.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue on direct revenue deals increased to 11.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 10.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in gross profit as a percentage of revenue on direct revenue deals was attributable, in part, to lower shipping and fulfillment costs as a percentage of direct revenue, partially offset by increased cost of inventory as a percentage of direct revenue.

Gross Profit by Segment

Gross profit by segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		% of total		2014			% of total
	(dollars in thousands)
North America:
Third party and other	$	496,169	49.0	%	$	479,531		44.1	%
Direct	86,121		8.5		56,279			5.2
Total gross profit	582,290		57.5		535,810			49.3
EMEA:
Third party	278,573		27.5		361,417			33.2
Direct	44,267		4.4		51,967			4.8
Total gross profit	322,840		31.9		413,384			38.0
Rest of World:
Third party	107,239		10.6		138,828			12.8
Direct	956		—		(822		)	(0.1	)
Total gross profit	108,195		10.6		138,006			12.7
Total gross profit	$	1,013,325	100.0	%	$	1,087,200		100.0	%

Gross profit by category and segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows (in thousands):



	North America				EMEA				Rest of World					Consolidated
	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014			2015		2014
Local ⁽¹⁾:
Third party and other	$	441,148	$	433,485	$	213,914	$	274,395	$	73,296	$	98,168		$	728,358	$	806,048

Travel:
Third party	51,820		42,807		36,662		44,003		14,777		16,117			103,259		102,927
Total services	492,968		476,292		250,576		318,398		88,073		114,285			831,617		908,975

Goods:
Third party	3,201		3,239		27,997		43,019		19,166		24,543			50,364		70,801
Direct	86,121		56,279		44,267		51,967		956		(822		)	131,344		107,424
Total	89,322		59,518		72,264		94,986		20,122		23,721			181,708		178,225

Total gross profit	$	582,290	$	535,810	$	322,840	$	413,384	$	108,195	$	138,006		$	1,013,325	$	1,087,200


(1)	Includes gross profit from deals with local and national merchants and through local events.

North America

North America gross profit increased by $46.5 million to $582.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $535.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in gross profit was comprised of a $29.8 million increase in our Goods category, a $9.0 million increase in our Travel category and a $7.7 million increase in our Local category. Gross profit margins on direct revenue transactions in our Goods category were 10.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. This represents a year-over-year increase from 7.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

EMEA

EMEA gross profit decreased by $90.5 million to $322.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as

compared to $413.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in gross profit was comprised of a $60.5 million decrease in our Local category, a $22.7 million decrease in our Goods category and a $7.3 million decrease in our Travel category. The unfavorable impact on gross profit from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $61.9 million. Gross profit margins on direct revenue transactions in our Goods category were 14.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. This represents a year-over-year decrease from 17.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Although we are currently focusing on higher margin product offerings, we expect that margins on direct revenue transactions in EMEA will continue to be lower than the comparable prior year periods in the near term.

Rest of World

Rest of World gross profit decreased by $29.8 million to $108.2 million for nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $138.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in gross profit was comprised of a $24.9 million decrease in our Local category, a $3.6 million decrease in our Goods category and a $1.3 million decrease in our Travel category. The unfavorable impact on gross profit from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $19.8 million.

Marketing

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, marketing expense was $171.1 million and $182.1 million, respectively. Marketing expense by segment as a percentage of segment gross billings, segment revenue and total marketing expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		% of Segment Gross Billings		% of Segment Revenue		% of Total Marketing		2014		% of Segment Gross Billings		% of Segment Revenue		% of Total Marketing
	(dollars in thousands)
North America	$	100,095	3.8	%	7.0	%	58.5	%	$	103,494	4.4	%	8.1	%	56.8	%
EMEA	54,537		4.2		8.8		31.9		57,070		3.8		8.3		31.3
Rest of World	16,495		2.8		10.5		9.6		21,578		3.2		11.0		11.9
Total marketing	$	171,127	3.8		7.8		100.0	%	$	182,142	4.0		8.4		100.0	%

Marketing expense decreased by $11.0 million to $171.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $182.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Marketing expense as a percentage of gross billings and revenue of 3.8% and 7.8%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, was lower than the 4.0% and 8.4%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. We evaluate marketing expense as a percentage of gross billings and revenue because it gives us an indication of how well our marketing spend is driving gross billings and revenue growth. The favorable impact on marketing from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $11.9 million.

North America

North America marketing expense decreased by $3.4 million to $100.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $103.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in marketing expense was primarily attributable to reduced spending on online marketing channels, such as search engine marketing and display advertising. The decrease in North America marketing expense as a percentage of gross billings and revenue, as compared to the prior year period, was attributable, in part, to a shift towards the increased use of order discounts as a promotional tool.

EMEA

EMEA marketing expense decreased by $2.5 million to $54.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $57.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in marketing expense was primarily due to changes in foreign exchange rates, partially offset by a $6.7 million write-off of a prepaid asset related to a marketing program that was discontinued because the counterparty ceased operations. The favorable impact on EMEA marketing from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $9.4 million.

Rest of World

Rest of World marketing expense decreased by $5.1 million to $16.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $21.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in marketing expense was primarily due to reduced spending on online marketing channels, such as search engine marketing and display advertising. The favorable impact on Rest of World marketing from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $3.0 million.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expense decreased by $1.1 million to $904.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $905.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease was primarily due to changes in foreign exchange rates, partially offset by a $37.5 million increase in our contingent liability related to our securities litigation matter, a $23.7 million increase in stock-based compensation and higher corporate costs, including legal and consulting costs. See Note 8, "Commitments and Contingencies," for additional information regarding the securities litigation matter. The favorable impact on selling, general and administrative expense from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $70.6 million.

Restructuring Charges

The following table summarizes the costs incurred by segment related to the Company’s restructuring plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (in thousands):



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Employee Severance and Benefit Costs		Asset Impairments		Other Exit Costs		Total Restructuring Charges
North America	$	890	$	—	$	511	$	1,401
EMEA	19,652		—		83		19,735
Rest of World	2,017		345		648		3,010
Consolidated	$	22,559	$	345	$	1,242	$	24,146

Gain on Disposition of Business

Acquisition‑Related Expense (Benefit), Net

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, we incurred a net acquisition-related expense of $1.3 million and $2.1 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, the net acquisition-related expense primarily related to external transaction costs for business combinations, partially offset by benefits related to changes in the fair value of contingent consideration. See Note 11, "Fair Value Measurements," for information about fair value measurements of contingent consideration arrangements.

Income (Loss) from Operations

Loss from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $74.4 million, as compared to a loss from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 of $2.9 million. The increase in loss from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period, was primarily due to the decrease in gross profit of $73.9 million, an increase in restructuring charges of $24.1 million, partially offset by a decrease in selling, general and administrative expense of $1.1 million, a decrease in marketing expense of $11.0 million and a gain on disposition of business of $13.7 million. The favorable impact on the loss from operations from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $0.7 million.

North America

Segment operating income in our North America segment, which excludes stock-based compensation and acquisition-related expense, net, decreased by $17.9 million to $20.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $38.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in segment operating income was attributable to an increase in segment gross profit, partially offset by an increase in segment operating expenses.

EMEA

Segment operating income in our EMEA segment, which excludes stock-based compensation and acquisition-related expense, net, decreased by $35.9 million to $33.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $69.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in segment operating income was attributable to a decrease in segment gross profit, partially offset by a decrease in segment operating expenses.

Rest of World

Segment operating loss in our Rest of World segment, which excludes stock-based compensation and acquisition-related expense, net, decreased by $5.3 million to a loss of $17.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to a loss of $23.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in segment operating loss was attributable to a decrease in segment operating expenses, partially offset by a decrease in segment gross profit.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other expense, net was $25.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $21.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The current period expense was primarily comprised of $17.7 million in foreign currency transaction losses and a $4.4 million loss related to the cumulative translation adjustment for our legacy business in the Republic of Korea that was reclassified to earnings as a result of the Ticket Monster disposition. The foreign currency transaction losses primarily resulted from intercompany balances with our subsidiaries that are denominated in foreign currencies. The foreign currency losses on those intercompany balances were primarily driven by the significant decline in the Euro against the U.S. dollar from an exchange rate of 1.2152 on December 31, 2014 to 1.1210 on September 30, 2015. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, other expense, net was primarily comprised of $20.1 million of foreign currency transaction losses and $2.0 million of other-than-temporary impairments related to minority investments.

Provision for Income Taxes

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we recorded an income tax benefit from continuing operations of $42.9 million on a pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $99.5 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, we recorded an income tax expense from continuing operations of $20.2 million on a pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $24.9 million.

Our U.S. statutory rate is 35%. Significant factors impacting the effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 included losses from continuing operations in jurisdictions that we are not able to benefit due to uncertainty as to the realization of those losses, amortization of the tax effects of intercompany sales of intellectual property, nondeductible stock-based compensation expense and decreases in our liabilities for uncertain tax positions.

We expect that our consolidated effective tax rate in future periods will continue to differ significantly from the U.S. federal income tax rate as a result of our tax obligations in jurisdictions with profits and valuation allowances in jurisdictions with losses. Our consolidated effective tax rate in future periods will also be adversely impacted by the amortization of the tax effects of intercompany transactions, including intercompany sales of intellectual property that we expect to undertake in the future.

We are currently undergoing income tax audits in multiple jurisdictions. There are many factors, including factors outside of our control, which influence the progress and completion of these audits. We decreased our liabilities for uncertain tax positions and recognized income tax benefits of $17.8 million and $7.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, as a result of new information that impacted our estimates of amounts that are more-likely-than-not of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of September 30, 2015, we believe that it is reasonably possible that changes of up to $5.5 million in unrecognized tax benefits may occur within the next 12 months upon closing of income tax audits or the expiration of applicable statutes of limitations.

Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations

The following table summarizes the major classes of line items included in income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015 ⁽¹⁾			2014
Third party and other revenue	$	28,145		$	99,064
Direct revenue	39,065			8,308
Third party and other cost of revenue	(13,958		)	(28,893		)
Direct cost of revenue	(38,031		)	(9,952		)
Marketing expense	(8,495		)	(20,992		)
Selling, general and administrative expense	(38,102		)	(77,832		)
Other income, net	96			33
Loss from discontinued operations before gain on disposition and provision for income taxes	(31,280		)	(30,264		)
Gain on disposition	202,158			—
Provision for income taxes	(37,415		)	—
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	$	133,463		$	(30,264	)


(1)	The income from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 includes the results of Ticket Monster through the disposition date of May 27, 2015.

We recognized a $37.4 million provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 which reflects (i) the $64.2 million current and deferred income tax effects of the Ticket Monster disposition during the second quarter of 2015, partially offset by (ii) a $26.8 million tax benefit that resulted from recognition of a deferred tax asset related to the excess of the tax basis over the financial reporting basis of the Company's investment in Ticket Monster upon meeting the criteria for held-for-sale classification during the first quarter of 2015. No income taxes were recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 because valuation allowances have been provided against the related net deferred tax assets.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to financial results reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we have provided the following non-GAAP financial measures: Adjusted EBITDA, free cash flow and foreign exchange rate neutral operating results. These non-GAAP financial measures, which are presented on a continuing operations basis, are intended to aid investors in better understanding our current financial performance and prospects for the future as seen through the eyes of management. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures facilitate comparisons with our historical results and with the results of peer companies who present similar measures (although other companies may define non-GAAP measures differently than we define them, even when similar terms are used to identify such measures). However, these non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to be a substitute for those reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

We exclude stock-based compensation expense and depreciation and amortization because they are primarily non-cash in nature, and we believe that non-GAAP financial measures excluding these items provide meaningful supplemental information about our operating performance and liquidity. Acquisition-related expense (benefit), net is comprised of the change in the fair value of contingent consideration arrangements and external transaction costs related to business combinations, primarily consisting of legal and advisory fees. The composition of our contingent consideration arrangements and the impact of those arrangements on our operating results vary over time based on a number of factors, including the terms of our business combinations and the timing of those transactions. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, items that we believe to be unusual in nature or infrequently occurring were (a) charges related to our restructuring plan, (b) the gain on our disposition of Groupon India, (c) the write-off of a prepaid asset related to a marketing program that was discontinued because the counterparty ceased operations and (d) the expense related to a significant increase in the contingent liability for our securities litigation matter. We exclude items that are unusual in nature or infrequently occurring from Adjusted EBITDA because we believe that excluding those items provides meaningful supplemental information about our core operating performance and facilitates comparisons with our historical results.

The following is a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, "Income (loss) from continuing operations" for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Income (loss) from continuing operations	$	(24,613	)	$	(12,573	)	$	(56,619	)	$	(45,039	)
Adjustments:
Stock-based compensation ⁽¹⁾	35,432			32,680			109,043			85,329
Depreciation and amortization	35,635			30,462			99,207			84,919
Acquisition-related expense, net	1,064			(304		)	1,300			2,078
Restructuring charges	24,146			—			24,146			—
Gain on disposition of business	(13,710		)	—			(13,710		)	—
Prepaid marketing write-off	6,690			—			6,690			—
Securities litigation expense	37,500			—			37,500			—
Other (income) expense, net	8,160			20,056			25,146			21,919
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	(53,970		)	(6,434		)	(42,881		)	20,181
Total adjustments	80,947			76,460			246,441			214,426
Adjusted EBITDA	$	56,334		$	63,887		$	189,822		$	169,387


(1)	Represents stock-based compensation expense recorded within "Selling, general and administrative," "Cost of revenue," and "Marketing."

"Other (income) expense, net," includes $0.1 million and $0.2 million of additional stock-based compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively.

Free cash flow. Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure that comprises net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations less purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software from continuing operations. We use free cash flow, and ratios based on it, to conduct and evaluate our business because, although it is similar to cash flow from continuing operations, we believe that it typically represents a more useful measure of cash flows because purchases of fixed assets, software developed for internal use and website development costs are necessary components of our ongoing operations. Due to the impact of seasonality on our cash flows, we also use trailing twelve months free cash flow to conduct and evaluate our business. Free cash flow is not intended to represent the total increase or decrease in our cash balance for the applicable period.

Free cash flow has limitations due to the fact that it does not represent the residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures. For example, free cash flow does not include the cash payments for business acquisitions. In addition, free cash flow reflects the impact of the timing difference between when we are paid by customers and when we pay merchants and suppliers. Therefore, we believe it is important to view free cash flow as a complement to our entire condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

The following is a reconciliation of free cash flow to the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, "Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations," for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 and trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Trailing Twelve Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014			2015			2014
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations	$	(7,612	)	$	22,324		$	43,094		$	(20,775	)	$	316,366		$	157,500
Purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software from continuing operations	(27,735		)	(18,638		)	(68,481		)	(63,443		)	(88,598		)	(83,374		)
Free cash flow	$	(35,347	)	$	3,686		$	(25,387	)	$	(84,218	)	$	227,768		$	74,126

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from continuing operations	$	(98,028	)	$	(22,492	)	$	(146,012	)	$	(117,643	)	$	(181,187	)	$	(137,527	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$	(14,821	)	$	(16,823	)	$	(185,990	)	$	(173,068	)	$	(207,078	)	$	(228,512	)

Foreign exchange rate neutral operating results. Foreign exchange rate neutral operating results show current period operating results as if foreign currency exchange rates had remained the same as those in effect in the prior year period. These measures are intended to facilitate comparisons to our historical performance. For a reconciliation of foreign exchange rate neutral operating results to the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, see "Results of Operations" above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2015, we had $963.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, which primarily consisted of cash and money market funds.

Since our inception, we have funded our working capital requirements and expansion primarily with cash flows provided by operations and through public and private sales of common and preferred stock, which yielded aggregate net proceeds of approximately $1,857.1 million. We generated positive cash flow from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and we expect cash flows from operations to be positive in annual periods for the foreseeable future. We generally use this cash flow and borrowings under our credit facility to fund our operations, make acquisitions, purchase capital assets, purchase stock under our share repurchase program and meet our other cash operating needs. Cash flow provided by operations, including discontinued operations, was $6.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and cash flow used in operations, including discontinued operations, was $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

We consider the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries as of September 30, 2015 to be indefinitely reinvested and, accordingly, no U.S. income taxes have been provided thereon. As of September 30, 2015, the amount of cash and cash equivalents held in foreign jurisdictions was approximately $284.6 million. We have not, nor do we anticipate the need to, repatriate funds to the United States to satisfy domestic liquidity needs arising in the ordinary course of business.

In August 2014, we entered into a three-year senior secured revolving credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") that provides for aggregate principal borrowings of up to $250.0 million. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest, at our option, at a rate per annum equal to the Alternate Base Rate or Adjusted LIBO Rate (each as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus an additional margin ranging between 0.25% and 2.00%. We are required to pay quarterly commitment fees ranging from 0.20% to 0.35% per annum of the average daily amount available under the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement also provides for the issuance of up to $45.0 million in letters of credit, provided that the sum of outstanding borrowings and letters of credit do not exceed the maximum funding commitment of $250.0 million. Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, we are required to maintain, as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, unrestricted cash of at least $400.0 million, including $200.0 million in accounts held with lenders under the Credit Agreement or their affiliates. The Credit Agreement also contains various other operating and financial covenants. We have $195.0 million of short-term borrowings that are currently outstanding under the Credit Agreement and we were in compliance with all covenants as of September 30, 2015. The proceeds of these borrowings have been used primarily to provide funding for working capital, share repurchases and business acquisitions.

Although we can provide no assurances, we believe that our available cash and cash equivalents balance and cash generated from operations should be sufficient to meet our working capital requirements and other capital expenditures for at least the next twelve months.

Uses of Cash

In order to support our current and future expansion, we expect to continue to make significant investments in our technology platforms and business processes, as well as internal tools aimed at improving the efficiency of our operations. We will also continue to invest in sales and marketing as we seek to grow both the number of active deals available through our online local marketplaces and the volume of transactions through those marketplaces.

The Board previously authorized us to purchase up to $300.0 million of our outstanding Class A common stock through August 2015. We have completed our repurchases under this authorization. In April 2015, the Board approved a new share repurchase program, under which we are authorized to repurchase up to an additional $500.0 million of our Class A common stock through August 2017. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, we purchased 44,149,663 and 65,902,107 shares of Class A common stock, respectively, for an aggregate purchase price of $192.9 million and $334.1 million (including fees and commissions), respectively, under the share repurchase programs. As of September 30, 2015, up to $268.1 million of Class A common stock remains available for purchase under the current share repurchase program. The timing and amount of any share repurchases are determined based on market conditions, share price and other factors, and the programs may be discontinued or suspended at any time. Repurchases will be made in compliance with SEC rules and other legal requirements and may be made, in part, under a Rule 10b5-1 plan, which permits share repurchases when the Company might otherwise be precluded from doing so.

We currently plan to use our cash and cash equivalents and cash flows generated from our operations to fund share repurchases, repayments of short-term borrowings, strategic minority investments, business acquisitions and other transactions and investments in technology and marketing. In addition to the remaining borrowing capacity that is available under our Credit Agreement, as described above, we may seek to raise additional financing, if available on terms that we believe are favorable, to increase the amount of liquid funds that are available to us for those purposes.

Cash Flow

Our net cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014
	(in thousands)
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities from continuing operations	$	43,094		$	(20,775	)
Operating activities from discontinued operations	(36,578		)	22,777
Operating activities	6,516			2,002
Investing activities from continuing operations	(146,012		)	(117,643		)
Investing activities from discontinued operations	244,470			(75,924		)
Investing activities	98,458			(193,567		)
Financing activities	(185,990		)	(173,068		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, including cash classified within current assets held for sale	(27,338		)	(20,671		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including cash classified within current assets held for sale	(108,354		)	(385,304		)
Less: Net increase (decrease) in cash classified within current assets held for sale	(55,279		)	43,324
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	(53,075	)	$	(428,628	)

Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities

Cash provided by (used in) operating activities primarily consists of our net loss adjusted for certain items, including depreciation and amortization, stock‑based compensation, restructuring charges, gain on disposition of business, deferred income taxes and the effect of changes in working capital and other items.

Our current merchant arrangements are structured as either a redemption payment model or a fixed payment model defined as follows:

Redemption payment model - We typically pay our merchants upon redemption for the majority of third party deals in our EMEA and Rest of World segments. Under our redemption merchant payment model, we collect payments at the time customers purchase Groupons and make payments to merchants at a subsequent date. Using this payment model, merchants are not paid until the customer redeems the Groupon that has been purchased. If a customer does not redeem the Groupon under this payment model, we retain all of the gross billings from the unredeemed Groupon. The redemption model generally improves our overall cash flow because we do not pay our merchants until the customer redeems the Groupon.

Fixed payment model - We typically pay our merchants under the fixed payment model for the majority of deals in North America. For third party revenue deals in which the merchant has a continuous presence on our websites and mobile applications by offering deals for an extended period of time, which currently represents a substantial majority of our third party revenue deals in North America, we remit payments to the merchant on an ongoing basis, generally bi-weekly, throughout the term of the offering. For direct revenue deals in our Goods category, payment terms with our suppliers across our three segments typically range from net 30 days to net 60 days. Under the fixed payment model, merchants are paid regardless of whether the Groupon is redeemed.

We experience fluctuations in accrued merchant and supplier payables associated with our normal revenue-generating activities, including both third party and direct revenue sales transactions, that can cause volatility in working capital levels and impact cash balances more or less than our operating income or loss would indicate. Revenue from our Goods category has grown rapidly in recent periods, both in absolute dollars and as a percentage of the Company's overall revenue. This category has lower margins than our Local category, primarily as a result of shipping and fulfillment costs on direct revenue transactions. As a result of those lower margins, the amount of cash that we ultimately retain from direct revenue transactions in our Goods category after paying the related inventory, shipping and fulfillment costs is less than the amount that we ultimately retain from third party revenue transactions in our Local category after paying the merchant's share. However, the impact of transactions in our Goods

category on our operating cash flows varies from period to period. For example, the cash flows from transactions in that category are impacted by seasonality, with strong cash inflows typically generated during the fourth quarter holiday season followed by subsequent cash outflows when payments are made to suppliers of the merchandise.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, our net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations was $43.1 million, which consisted of a $199.2 million net increase for certain non-cash items and restructuring charges, partially offset by a $56.6 million net loss from continuing operations and a $99.5 million net decrease related to changes in working capital. The net decrease in cash resulting from changes in working capital activities primarily consisted of a $101.9 million decrease in accrued merchant and supplier payables and a $39.8 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets, partially offset by a $33.4 million increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities, a $6.4 million decrease in accounts receivable and a $4.6 million decrease in restricted cash. The $101.9 million decrease in accrued merchant and supplier payables was primarily due to the timing of payments to suppliers of merchandise and the seasonally high levels of Goods transactions in the fourth quarter of 2014. The net adjustments for certain non-cash items and restructuring charges include $109.2 million of stock-based compensation expense, $99.2 million of depreciation and amortization expense, $24.1 million of restructuring charges and $2.1 million in losses from changes in the fair value of investments, partially offset by $15.3 million of deferred income taxes, a $13.7 million gain on the disposition of business and $6.2 million of excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, net cash used in operating activities from discontinued operations was $36.6 million, which primarily consisted of a $166.6 million net decrease for certain non-cash items, partially offset by $133.5 million of net income from discontinued operations. Non-cash items primarily consisted of the pre-tax gain of $202.2 million on the disposition of Ticket Monster, partially offset by $23.6 million in deferred income taxes, $6.3 million of amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets and $5.3 million of stock-based compensation expense.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, our net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations was $20.8 million, which consisted of a $132.9 million net decrease related to changes in working capital and a $45.0 million net loss from continuing operations, partially offset by a $157.2 million net increase for certain non-cash items. The net decrease in cash resulting from changes in working capital activities primarily consisted of a $101.1 million decrease in accrued merchant and supplier payables, a $26.6 million increase in accounts receivable, a $22.9 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets, a $21.1 million decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and a $13.0 million decrease in accounts payable, partially offset by a $44.0 million net increase from other items, which includes $20.1 million of foreign currency transaction losses, primarily related to intercompany balances denominated in foreign currencies and a $7.7 million decrease in restricted cash. The $101.1 million decrease in accrued merchant and supplier payables was primarily due to the timing of payments to suppliers of merchandise and the seasonally high levels of Goods transactions in the fourth quarter of 2013. The net adjustments for certain non-cash items include $85.3 million of stock-based compensation expense and $84.9 million of depreciation and amortization expense, partially offset by $12.6 million of excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations was $22.8 million, which primarily resulted from a $27.3 million increase for certain non-cash items and a $25.8 million net increase related to changes in working capital, partially offset by the $30.3 million net loss from discontinued operations.

Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities

Cash flows from investing activities primarily consist of capital expenditures, acquisitions and dispositions of businesses and minority investments.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, our net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations of $146.0 million consisted of $70.1 million in net cash paid for acquisitions, $68.5 million in capital expenditures, including capitalized internally-developed software, $5.0 million for purchases of investments, $1.4 million of cash that was derecognized upon the disposition of Groupon India, $1.2 million related to acquisitions of intangible assets and $1.1 million related to the settlement of a liability for the purchase of additional interests in a consolidated subsidiary, partially offset by $1.2 million of proceeds from the sale of an investment. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, our $244.5 million of net cash provided by investing activities from discontinued operations primarily consisted of the cash proceeds received from the sale of a controlling stake in Ticket Monster, net of the cash from that business that was derecognized.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, our net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations of $117.6 million consisted of $63.4 million in capital expenditures, including capitalized internally-developed software, $45.4 million in net cash paid for acquisitions, $6.7 million in purchases of investments, $1.6 million related to the settlement of a liability for the purchase of additional interests in a consolidated subsidiary and $0.5 million in acquisitions of intangible assets. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, our $75.9 million of net cash used in investing activities from discontinued operations primarily consisted of $71.7 million in cash paid for Ticket Monster, net of cash acquired.

Cash Used in Financing Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, our net cash used in financing activities of $186.0 million was driven primarily by purchases of treasury stock under our share repurchase programs of $329.4 million and taxes paid related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards of $34.5 million, partially offset by $195.0 million of borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Our net cash used in financing activities was also due to payments of capital lease obligations of $17.7 million and partnership distributions to noncontrolling interest holders of $11.0 million, partially offset by $6.2 million of excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation and $5.7 million of proceeds from stock option exercises and our employee stock purchase plan.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, our net cash used in financing activities of $173.1 million was driven primarily by purchases of treasury stock under our share repurchase program of $145.4 million and taxes paid related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards of $32.4 million. Our net cash used in financing activities was also due to partnership distributions to noncontrolling interest holders of $6.2 million, payments of capital lease obligations of $3.6 million, settlements of purchase price obligations related to acquisitions of $3.1 million and common stock issuance costs in connection with acquisition of business of $1.2 million, partially offset by $12.6 million of excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation and $6.2 million of proceeds from stock option exercises and our employee stock purchase plan.

Free Cash Flow

Free cash flow, a non-GAAP financial measure, was $(25.4) million, and $(84.2) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The improvement in free cash flow for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period, was due to the $63.9 million increase in our operating cash flows from continuing operations. Free cash flow was $227.8 million and $74.1 million for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase in free cash flow for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the prior year period, was due to the $158.9 million increase in our trailing twelve months operating cash flows from continuing operations. For further information and a reconciliation to the most applicable financial measure under U.S. GAAP, refer to our discussion under "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" above.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Our contractual obligations and commitments as of September 30, 2015 did not materially change from the amounts set forth in our 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K, except as disclosed in Note 8, "Commitments and Contingencies."

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2015.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our significant accounting policies are discussed in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in our 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as filed with the SEC on February 13, 2015.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent liabilities. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the consolidated financial statements. Management believes its critical accounting policies that reflect its more significant estimates and assumptions are policies related to revenue recognition, refunds, goodwill and long-lived assets, income taxes and other-than-temporary impairments.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred; the selling price is fixed or determinable; and collection is reasonably assured.

Third party revenue recognition

We generate third party revenue, where we act as the third party marketing agent, by offering goods and services provided by third party merchants at a discount through our online local commerce marketplaces that connect merchants to consumers. Our marketplaces include deals offered in three primary categories: Local, Goods and Travel. Customers purchase the discount vouchers ("Groupons") from us and redeem them with merchants.

The revenue recognition criteria are met when the customer purchases a deal, the Groupon has been electronically delivered to the purchaser and a listing of Groupons sold has been made available to the merchant. At that time, our obligations to the merchant, for which we are serving as a marketing agent, are substantially complete. Our remaining obligations, which are limited to remitting payment to the merchant and continuing to make available on our website information about Groupons sold that was previously provided to the merchant, are inconsequential or perfunctory. For a portion of the hotel deals offered through our online local marketplaces, we facilitate the booking of rooms by taking reservations through our websites. Such reservations are generally cancelable at any time prior to check-in and we defer the revenue on those deals until the customer's stay occurs.

We record as revenue the net amount we retain from the sale of Groupons after deducting the portion of the purchase price that is payable to the featured merchant, excluding applicable taxes and net of estimated refunds for which the merchant's share is recoverable. Revenue is presented on a net basis because we are acting as a marketing agent of the merchant in the transaction.

For merchant payment arrangements that are structured under a redemption model, merchants are not paid until the customer redeems the Groupon that has been purchased. If a customer does not redeem the Groupon under this payment model, we retain all the gross billings. We recognize incremental revenue from unredeemed Groupons and derecognize the related accrued merchant payable when our legal obligation to the merchant expires, which we believe is shortly after deal expiration in most jurisdictions that have payment arrangements structured under a redemption model.

Direct revenue recognition

We evaluate whether it is appropriate to record the gross amount of our sales and related costs by considering a number of factors, including, among other things, whether we are the primary obligor under the arrangement, have inventory risk and have latitude in establishing prices.

Direct revenue is derived primarily from selling consumer products through our Goods category where we are the merchant

of record. We are the primary obligor in these transactions, are subject to general inventory risk and have latitude in establishing prices. Accordingly, direct revenue is presented on a gross basis, excluding applicable taxes and net of estimated refunds. For purposes of evaluating whether product revenue should be recognized on a gross basis, unmitigated general inventory risk is a strong indicator of whether a seller has the risks and rewards of a principal to the sale transaction. U.S. GAAP specifies that general inventory risk exists if a seller either takes title to a product before that product is ordered by a customer (that is, maintains the product in inventory) or will take title to the product if it is returned by the customer (that is, back-end inventory risk) and the customer has a right of return. We have unmitigated general inventory risk on our direct revenue transactions. Currently, that general inventory risk is primarily in the form of back-end inventory risk. However, in future periods we may increase the levels of inventory on hand for our Goods category. For Goods transactions where we are performing a service by acting as a marketing agent of the merchant, revenue is recorded on a net basis and is presented within third party revenue.

Direct revenue, including associated shipping revenue, is recognized when title passes to the customer upon delivery of the product.

Refunds

We estimate future refunds utilizing a statistical model that incorporates the following data inputs and factors: historical refund experience developed from millions of deals featured on our websites and mobile applications, the relative risk of refunds based on expiration date, deal value, deal category and other qualitative factors that could impact the level of future refunds, such as introductions of new deals, discontinuations of legacy deals and expected changes, if any, in our practices in response to refund experience or economic trends that might impact customer demand. The portion of customer refunds for which the merchant's share is not recoverable on third party revenue deals is estimated based on the refunds that are expected to be issued after expiration of the related vouchers, the refunds that are expected to be issued due to the merchant bankruptcy or poor customer experience, and whether the payment terms of the related merchant contracts are structured using a redemption payment model or a fixed payment model.

We accrue costs associated with refunds within "Accrued expenses" on the consolidated balance sheets. The cost of refunds for third party revenue where the amounts payable to the merchant are recoverable and for all direct revenue is presented on the consolidated statements of operations as a reduction to revenue. The cost of refunds for third party revenue for which the merchant's share is not recoverable is presented as a cost of revenue.

We assess the trends that could affect our estimates on an ongoing basis and make adjustments to the refund reserve calculations if it appears that changes in circumstances, including changes to the Company's refund policies, may cause future refunds to differ from our original estimates. If actual results are not consistent with the estimates or assumptions stated above, we may need to change our future estimates, and the effects could be material to the consolidated financial statements.

Impairment Assessments of Goodwill and Long-Lived Assets

A component of our growth strategy has been to acquire and integrate businesses that complement our existing operations. We account for business combinations using the acquisition method and allocate the acquisition price of acquired companies to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The difference between the acquisition price and the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.

In determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations and for determining fair values in impairment tests, we use one of the following recognized valuation methods: the income approach (including discounted cash flows), the market approach and the cost approach. Our significant estimates in those fair value measurements include identifying business factors such as size, growth, profitability, risk and return on investment and assessing comparable revenue and earnings multiples. Further, when measuring fair value based on discounted cash flows, we make assumptions about risk-adjusted discount rates, future price levels, rates of increase in revenue, cost of revenue, and operating expenses, weighted average cost of capital, rates of long-term growth, and income tax rates. Valuations are performed by management or third party valuation specialists under management's supervision, where appropriate. We believe that the estimated fair values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and for determining fair value in business combinations and impairment tests are based on reasonable assumptions that marketplace participants would use. However, such assumptions are inherently uncertain and actual results could differ from those estimates.

Goodwill is allocated to our reporting units at the date the goodwill is initially recorded. Once goodwill has been allocated to the reporting units, it no longer retains its identification with a particular acquisition and becomes identified with the reporting unit in its entirety. Accordingly, the fair value of the reporting unit as a whole is available to support the recoverability of its goodwill.

We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually on October 1 or more frequently when an event occurs or circumstances change that indicates the carrying value may not be recoverable. We have the option to assess goodwill for impairment by first performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we determine that it is not more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the two-step goodwill impairment test is not required to be performed. If we determine that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, or if we do not elect the option to perform an initial qualitative assessment, we perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. In the first step, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its book value including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit is in excess of its book value, the related goodwill is not impaired and no further analysis is necessary. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its book value, there is an indication of potential impairment and a second step is performed. When required, the second step of testing involves calculating the implied fair value of goodwill for the reporting unit. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as goodwill recognized in a business combination, which is the excess of the fair value of the reporting unit determined in step one over the fair value of its net assets and identifiable intangible assets as if the reporting unit had been acquired. If the carrying value of the reporting unit's goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. For reporting units with a negative book value (i.e., excess of liabilities over assets), we evaluate qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test. As of September 30, 2015, our market capitalization of $2.0 billion substantially exceeded our consolidated net book value of $601.0 million.

Our EMEA segment has historically included the following four reporting units: Northern EMEA, Southern EMEA, Western EMEA, and Eastern/Central EMEA. During the first quarter of 2015, we undertook an internal reorganization that combined our operations in Western EMEA and Eastern/Central EMEA into a single reporting unit. As a result, the Company's EMEA segment currently has three reporting units: Northern EMEA, Southern EMEA, and Western/Eastern/Central (WEC) EMEA. We performed a qualitative assessment of potential goodwill impairment for the WEC EMEA reporting unit upon completion of the reorganization and also performed separate qualitative assessments of potential goodwill impairment for the Western EMEA and Eastern/Central EMEA reporting units immediately prior to the reorganization. Additionally, we performed a qualitative assessment of potential goodwill impairment for our APAC reporting unit excluding Ticket Monster, which was classified as held-for-sale effective March 30, 2015. Based on those assessments, which considered current market conditions, recent business performance, growth achieved since the related goodwill was acquired, and the results of quantitative impairment tests performed in recent periods, we determined that the likelihood of a goodwill impairment did not reach the more-likely-than-not threshold specified in U.S. GAAP. Accordingly, we concluded that goodwill related to those reporting units was not impaired and further quantitative testing was not required to be performed.

Long‑lived assets, such as property, equipment and software, net and intangible assets, net, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. If circumstances require that a long‑lived asset or asset group be tested for possible impairment, we first compare the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that long-lived asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long‑lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value.

Long-lived assets classified as held for sale are recorded at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Long-lived assets are not depreciated or amortized while classified as held for sale.

Future changes in our assumptions or the interrelationship of those assumptions may negatively impact future valuations. In future measurements of fair value, adverse changes in assumptions could result in an impairment of goodwill or long-lived assets that would require a non-cash charge to the consolidated statements of operations and may have a material effect on our financial condition and operating results.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized based upon anticipated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. We regularly review deferred tax assets to assess whether it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets will be realized and, if necessary, establish a valuation allowance for portions of such assets to reduce the carrying value.

For purposes of assessing whether it is more-likely-than-not that our deferred tax assets will be realized, we consider the following four sources of taxable income for each tax jurisdiction: (a) future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, (b) projected future earnings, (c) taxable income in carryback years, to the extent that carrybacks are permitted under the tax laws of the applicable jurisdiction, and (d) tax planning strategies, which represent prudent and feasible actions that a company ordinarily

might not take, but would take to prevent an operating loss or tax credit carryforward from expiring unused. To the extent that evidence about one or more of these sources of taxable income is sufficient to support a conclusion that a valuation allowance is not necessary, other sources need not be considered. Otherwise, evidence about each of the sources of taxable income is considered in arriving at a conclusion about the need for and amount of a valuation allowance. We have incurred significant losses in recent years and had accumulated deficits of $854.8 million and $922.0 million as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. A cumulative loss in the most recent three-year period is a significant piece of negative evidence that is difficult to overcome when assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets. We have only recognized deferred tax assets to the extent that they will be realizable either through future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences or through taxable income in carryback years for those jurisdictions in a cumulative loss position for the most recent three-year period. Due to our cumulative losses in many jurisdictions outside of the United States, we have not recognized significant deferred tax assets without a valuation allowance outside of the United States when the only sources of taxable income are projected future earnings or tax planning strategies. For certain jurisdictions where applicable tax law imposes limitations that may prevent us from realizing our deferred tax assets through the scheduled reversal of taxable temporary differences, we have recorded valuation allowances in excess of the net deferred tax asset balances.

We are subject to taxation in the United States, various states and foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the worldwide provision for income taxes and recording the related income tax assets and liabilities. During the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. For example, our effective tax rate could be adversely affected by earnings being lower than anticipated in countries where we have lower statutory rates and higher than anticipated in countries where we have higher statutory rates, by changes in foreign currency exchange rates, by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, or by changes in the relevant tax, accounting and other laws, regulations, principles and interpretations. Our practice for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes is to recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more-likely-than-not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not criteria, the amount recognized in the consolidated financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority.

We are subject to audit in various jurisdictions, and such jurisdictions may assess additional income tax against us. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of any tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different from income tax provision accruals and, therefore, could materially affect our operating results or cash flows in the period(s) in which that determination is made.

On July 27, 2015, in Altera Corp. v. Commissioner, the U.S. Tax Court issued an opinion related to the treatment of stock-based compensation expense in an intercompany cost-sharing arrangement. At this time, the U.S. Department of the Treasury has not withdrawn the requirement to include stock-based compensation from its regulations. Based on our review of this matter and our intercompany cost-sharing agreements, we have concluded that an income tax benefit relating to prior period intercompany charges that may ultimately be reversed under our intercompany cost-sharing agreements does not meet the criteria for recognition in our consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2015. We will continue to monitor ongoing developments with respect to the Altera case and the related IRS regulations in future periods and if we determine that the recognition criteria are met in a subsequent period, an income tax benefit of approximately $14.0 million would be recognized at that time.

Other-than-Temporary Impairment of Investments

An unrealized loss exists when the current fair value of an investment is less than its amortized cost basis. We conduct reviews of all of our investments with unrealized losses on a quarterly basis to evaluate whether those impairments are other-than-temporary. This evaluation, which is performed at the individual investment level, considers qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the severity and duration of the unrealized loss, as well as our intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time that is sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery in value. Evidence considered in this evaluation includes the amount of the impairment, the length of time that the investment has been impaired, the factors contributing to the impairment, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, recent operating trends and forecasted performance of the investee, market conditions in the geographic area or industry in which the investee operates, and our strategic plans for holding the investment in relation to the period of time expected for an anticipated recovery in value. Additionally, we consider whether we intend to sell the investment or whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the investment before recovery of its amortized cost basis. Investments with unrealized losses that are determined to be other-than-temporary are written down to fair value with a charge to earnings. Unrealized losses that are determined to be temporary in nature are not recorded for cost method investments and equity method investments, while such losses are recorded, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for available-for-sale securities.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This ASU is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those annual periods. Management is still assessing the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330) - Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. This ASU will require entities to measure inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value, rather than the lower of cost or market. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. Management does not believe that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

There are no additional accounting standards that have been issued but not yet adopted that we believe will have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We have operations both within the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business, including the effect of foreign currency fluctuations, interest rate changes and inflation. Information relating to quantitative and qualitative disclosures about these market risks is set forth below.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

We transact business in various foreign currencies other than the U.S. dollar, principally the Euro, British pound sterling, Japanese yen, Swiss Franc and Brazilian real, which exposes us to foreign currency risk. For the three months ended September 30, 2015, we derived approximately 28.0% and 7.0% of our revenue from our EMEA and Rest of World segments, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we derived approximately 28.1% and 7.2% of our revenue from our EMEA and Rest of World segments, respectively. Revenue and related expenses generated from our international operations are generally denominated in the local currencies of the corresponding countries. The functional currency of our subsidiaries that either operate or support these markets is generally the same as the corresponding local currency. The results of operations of, and certain of our intercompany balances associated with, our international operations are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Upon consolidation, as exchange rates vary, our revenue and other operating results may differ materially from expectations, and we may record significant gains or losses on the re-measurement of intercompany balances.

We assess our foreign currency exchange risk based on hypothetical changes in rates utilizing a sensitivity analysis that measures the potential impact on working capital based on a 10% change (increase and decrease) in currency rates. We use a current market pricing model to assess the changes in the value of the U.S. dollar on foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities. The primary assumption used in this model is a hypothetical 10% weakening or strengthening of the U.S. dollar against those currency exposures as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.

As of September 30, 2015, our net working capital deficit (defined as current assets less current liabilities) from subsidiaries that are subject to foreign currency translation risk was $66.4 million. The potential increase in this working capital deficit from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in quoted foreign currency exchange rates would be $6.6 million. This compares to a $75.7 million working capital deficit subject to foreign currency exposure as of December 31, 2014, for which a 10% adverse change would have resulted in a potential increase in this working capital deficit of $7.6 million.

Interest Rate Risk

Our cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash and money market funds. Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates is limited because our cash and cash equivalents have a short-term maturity and are used primarily for working capital purposes. In August 2014, the Company entered into a three-year Credit Agreement that provides for aggregate principal borrowings up to $250.0 million. As of September 30, 2015, there were $195.0 million of short-term borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement. Because our Credit Agreement bears interest at a variable rate, we are exposed to market risk relating to changes in interest rates on our outstanding short-term borrowings under the Credit Agreement. We also have long-term borrowings, which consist of $34.4 million of long-term capital lease obligations, and investments in convertible debt securities issued by nonpublic entities that are classified as available-for-sale. We believe that the interest rate risk on the long-term capital lease obligations and investments is not significant.

Impact of Inflation

We believe that our results of operations are not materially impacted by moderate changes in the inflation rate. Inflation and changing prices did not have a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that, as of September 30, 2015, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

For a description of our material pending legal proceedings, please see Note 8, "Commitments and Contingencies," to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on the Form 10-Q.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, except to supplement those risk factors as follows:

Our restructuring plan could be disruptive to our operations and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition, and we may not realize some or all of the anticipated benefits of this plan in the time frame anticipated or at all.

In the third quarter of 2015, our Board of Directors approved a restructuring plan relating primarily to workforce reductions in our international operations. We expect this plan to be substantially complete by September 2016. The implementation of the restructuring plan, including the impact of workforce reductions, could be disruptive to our operations, make it difficult to attract or retain employees, result in higher than anticipated charges, and otherwise adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, our ability to complete the restructuring plan and achieve the anticipated benefits from the plan within the expected time frame or at all is subject to estimates and assumptions and may vary materially from our expectations, including as a result of factors that are beyond our control. Furthermore, following completion of the restructuring plan, our business may not be more efficient or effective than prior to implementation of the plan.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

During the three months ended September 30, 2015, we did not issue any unregistered securities.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

During the three months ended September 30, 2015, we purchased 44,149,663 shares of Class A common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $192.9 million (including fees and commissions) under our share repurchase programs. A summary of our Class A common stock repurchases during the three months ended September 30, 2015 under our share repurchase programs are set forth in the following table:



Date	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under Programs
July 1-31, 2015	10,848,090	$	4.92	10,848,090	407,673,462
August 1-31, 2015	22,995,373	4.25		22,995,373	310,021,354
September 1-30, 2015	10,306,200	4.06		10,306,200	268,128,437
Total	44,149,663	$	4.37	44,149,663	$	268,128,437

See Note 9, "Stockholders' Equity and Compensation Arrangements," for discussion regarding our share repurchase programs.

The following table provides information about purchases of shares of our Class A common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2015 related to shares withheld upon vesting of restricted stock units for minimum tax withholding obligations:



Date	Total Number of Shares Purchased ⁽¹⁾	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under Program
July 1-31, 2015	542,322	$	5.15	—	—
August 1-31, 2015	339,687	4.60		—	—
September 1-30, 2015	449,167	4.12		—	—
Total	1,331,176	$	4.66	—	—


(1)	Total number of shares delivered to us by employees to satisfy the mandatory tax withholding requirement upon vesting of stock-based compensation awards.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

See the Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on this 3rd day of November 2015.



GROUPON, INC.
By:	/s/ Brian A. Kayman
	Name:	Brian A. Kayman
	Title:	Interim Chief Financial Officer

EXHIBITS



Exhibit Number			Description
31.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1			Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101			Interactive data file