UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_____________________
FORM 10-Q
____________________
(Mark One)
þ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from _____________to _____________
Commission File Number 0-52567
Lightwave Logic, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Nevada (State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | 82-049-7368 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
1831 Lefthand Circle, Suite C Longmont, CO (Address of principal executive offices) | 80501 (Zip Code) |
(720) 340-4949 (Registrants telephone number, including area code) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Date File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):
Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | ¨ |
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ | Smaller reporting company | þ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Yes ¨ No þ
The number of shares of the registrants Common Stock outstanding as of May 16, 2016 was 65,601,501.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
|
| Page | |
|
|
| |
Part I | Financial Information |
| |
|
|
|
|
| 1 | ||
|
|
|
|
| Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 13 | |
|
|
|
|
| 20 | ||
|
|
|
|
Part II | Other Information |
| |
|
|
|
|
| 21 | ||
|
|
|
|
| 21 | ||
|
|
|
|
|
| 22 | |
|
|
|
|
i
Forward-Looking Statements
This report on Form 10-Q contains, and our officers and representatives may from time to time make, "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as: "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "goal," "seek," "believe," "project," "estimate," "expect," continuing, ongoing, "strategy," "future," "likely," "may," "should," could, "will" and similar references to future periods. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding expected operating results, such as anticipated revenue; anticipated levels of capital expenditures for our current fiscal year; our belief that we have sufficient liquidity to fund our business operations during the next 12 months; strategy for gaining customers, growth, product development, market position, financial results and reserves.
Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based only on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following: lack of available funding; general economic and business conditions; competition from third parties; intellectual property rights of third parties; regulatory constraints; changes in technology and methods of marketing; delays in completing various engineering and manufacturing programs; changes in customer order patterns; changes in product mix; success in technological advances and delivering technological innovations; shortages in components; production delays due to performance quality issues with outsourced components; those events and factors described by us in Item 1.A Risk Factors in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K; other risks to which our Company is subject; other factors beyond the Company's control.
Any forward-looking statement made by us in this report on Form 10-Q is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.
ii
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1
LIGHTWAVE LOGIC, INC.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2016
(UNAUDITED)
|
| Page |
|
|
|
Balance Sheets |
| 2 |
|
|
|
Statements of Operations |
| 3 |
|
|
|
Statement of Stockholders Equity |
| 4 |
|
|
|
Statements of Cash Flows |
| 5 |
|
|
|
Notes to Financial Statements |
| 6 |
1
LIGHTWAVE LOGIC, INC.
BALANCE SHEETS
|
| March 31, 2016 |
|
| December 31, 2015 |
| ||
|
| (Unaudited) |
|
| (Audited) |
| ||
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
CURRENT ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Cash and cash equivalents |
| $ | 3,021,734 |
|
| $ | 3,730,705 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
|
| 120,399 |
|
|
| 264,491 |
|
|
|
| 3,142,133 |
|
|
| 3,995,196 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT - NET |
|
| 470,438 |
|
|
| 495,062 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intangible assets - net |
|
| 626,244 |
|
|
| 619,767 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL ASSETS |
| $ | 4,238,815 |
|
| $ | 5,110,025 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CURRENT LIABILITIES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable |
| $ | 84,338 |
|
| $ | 32,852 |
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses- related parties |
|
| 14,132 |
|
|
| 5,069 |
|
Accrued expenses |
|
| 30,751 |
|
|
| 65,036 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES |
|
| 129,221 |
|
|
| 102,957 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 1,000,000 authorized |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
Common stock $0.001 par value, 250,000,000 authorized |
|
| 65,598 |
|
|
| 65,238 |
|
Additional paid-in-capital |
|
| 46,940,627 |
|
|
| 46,541,251 |
|
Accumulated deficit |
|
| (42,896,631 | ) |
|
| (41,599,421 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |
|
| 4,109,594 |
|
|
| 5,007,068 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |
| $ | 4,238,815 |
|
| $ | 5,110,025 |
|
See accompanying notes to these financial statements.
2
LIGHTWAVE LOGIC, INC.
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDING MARCH 31, 2016 AND 2015
(UNAUDITED)
|
| For the Three Months Ending |
| |||||
|
| March 31, |
| |||||
|
| 2016 |
|
| 2015 |
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
NET SALES |
| $ | |
|
| $ | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COST AND EXPENSE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development |
|
| 603,263 |
|
|
| 645,206 |
|
General and administrative |
|
| 456,048 |
|
|
| 420,246 |
|
|
|
| 1,059,311 |
|
|
| 1,065,452 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS |
|
| (1,059,311 | ) |
|
| (1,065,452 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income |
|
| 66 |
|
|
| 61 |
|
Commitment fee |
|
| (237,965 | ) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET LOSS |
| $ | (1,297,210 | ) |
| $ | (1,065,391 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and Diluted Loss per Share |
| $ | (0.02 | ) |
| $ | (0.02 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and Diluted Weighted Average Number of Shares |
|
| 65,483,907 |
|
|
| 58,393,367 |
|
See accompanying notes to these financial statements.
3
LIGHTWAVE LOGIC, INC.
STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
MARCH 31, 2016
(UNAUDITED)
|
| Number of |
|
| Common |
|
| Paid-in |
|
| Accumulated |
|
|
|
| |||||
|
| Shares |
|
| Stock |
|
| Capital |
|
| Deficit |
|
| Total |
| |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2015 (AUDITED) |
|
| 65,237,879 |
|
| $ | 65,238 |
|
| $ | 46,541,251 |
|
| $ | (41,599,421 | ) |
| $ | 5,007,068 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock issued for services |
|
| 360,282 |
|
|
| 360 |
|
|
| 243,605 |
|
|
| |
|
|
| 243,965 |
|
Options issued for services |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| 132,056 |
|
|
| |
|
|
| 132,056 |
|
Warrants issued for services |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| 23,715 |
|
|
| |
|
|
| 23,715 |
|
Net loss for the three months ending March 31, 2016 |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| (1,297,210 | ) |
|
| (1,297,210 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 2016 (UNAUDITED) |
|
| 65,598,161 |
|
| $ | 65,598 |
|
| $ | 46,940,627 |
|
| $ | (42,896,631 | ) |
| $ | 4,109,594 |
|
See accompanying notes to these financial statements.
4
LIGHTWAVE LOGIC, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW
(UNAUDITED)
|
| For the Three Months Ending |
| |||||
|
| March 31, |
| |||||
|
| 2016 |
|
| 2015 |
| ||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Net loss |
| $ | (1,297,210 | ) |
| $ | (1,065,391 | ) |
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warrants issued for services |
|
| 23,715 |
|
|
| 27,673 |
|
Stock options issued for services |
|
| 132,056 |
|
|
| 143,272 |
|
Common stock issued for services and fees |
|
| 243,965 |
|
|
| 21,250 |
|
Depreciation and amortization of patents |
|
| 49,431 |
|
|
| 40,461 |
|
(Increase) decrease in assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
|
| 144,092 |
|
|
| 14,021 |
|
Increase (decrease) in liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable |
|
| 51,486 |
|
|
| 70,257 |
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses-related parties |
|
| 9,063 |
|
|
| 16,008 |
|
Accrued expenses |
|
| (34,285 | ) |
|
| 32,950 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in operating activities |
|
| (677,687 | ) |
|
| (699,499 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of intangibles |
|
| (10,450 | ) |
|
| (3,927 | ) |
Purchase of property and equipment |
|
| (20,834 | ) |
|
| (123,665 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities |
|
| (31,284 | ) |
|
| (127,592 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options and warrants |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
Issuance of common stock, institutional investor |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS |
|
| (708,971 | ) |
|
| (827,091 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - BEGINNING OF PERIOD |
|
| 3,730,705 |
|
|
| 3,165,940 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD |
| $ | 3,021,734 |
|
| $ | 2,338,849 |
|
See accompanying notes to these financial statements.
5
LIGHTWAVE LOGIC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2016 AND 2015
NOTE 1 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Financial Statements
The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared by Lightwave Logic, Inc. (the Company). These statements include all adjustments (consisting only of its normal recurring adjustments) which management believes necessary for a fair presentation of the statements and have been prepared on a consistent basis using the accounting polices described in the Summary of Accounting Policies included in the 2015 Annual Report. Certain financial information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, although the Company firmly believes that the accompanying disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The interim operating results for the three months ending March 31, 2016 may not be indicative of operating results expected for the full year.
History and Nature of Business
Lightwave Logic, Inc. is a technology Company focused on the development of next generation photonic devices and non-linear optical polymer materials systems for applications in high speed fiber-optic data communications and optical computing markets. Currently the Company is in various stages of photonic device and materials development and evaluation with potential customers and strategic partners. The Company expects the next revenue stream to be in sales of non-linear optical polymers, prototype devices and product development agreements prior to moving into production.
The Companys current development activities are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including failing to secure additional funding to operationalize the Companys technology now under development.
Stock-based Payments
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation under the provisions of FASB ASC 718, "Compensation - Stock Compensation" which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based awards made to employees and directors based on estimated fair values on the grant date. The Company estimates the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods using the straightline method. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards to nonemployees in accordance with FASB ASC 505-50, "Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees (ASC 505-50). Under ASC 505-50, the Company determines the fair value of the warrants or stock-based compensation awards granted as either the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. All issuances of stock options or other equity instruments to non-employees as consideration for goods or services received by the Company are accounted for based on the fair value of the equity instruments issued. Any stock options issued to non-employees are recorded as an expense and additional paid in capital in stockholders equity over the applicable service periods. Non-employee equity based payments that do not vest immediately upon grant are recorded as an expense over the service period, as if the Company had paid cash for the services. At the end of each financial reporting period, prior to vesting or prior to the completion of the services, the fair value of the equity based payments will be re-measured and the non-cash expense recognized during the period will be adjusted accordingly. Since the fair value of equity based payments granted to non-employees is subject to change in the future, the amount of the future expense will include fair value re-measurements until the equity based payments are fully vested or the service completed.
Loss Per Share
The Company follows Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (FASB ASC) 260, Earnings per Share, resulting in the presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Because the Company reported a net loss in 2016 and 2015, common stock equivalents, including stock options and warrants were anti-dilutive; therefore, the amounts reported for basic and dilutive loss per share were the same.
6
LIGHTWAVE LOGIC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2016 AND 2015
NOTE 1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Comprehensive Income
The Company follows FASB ASC 220.10, Reporting Comprehensive Income. Comprehensive income is a more inclusive financial reporting methodology that includes disclosure of certain financial information that historically has not been recognized in the calculation of net income. Since the Company has no items of other comprehensive income, comprehensive income (loss) is equal to net loss.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
As of March 31, 2016 and for the period then ended, there were no recently adopted accounting pronouncements that had a material effect on the Companys financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
As of March 31, 2016, there are no recently issued accounting standards not yet adopted which would have a material effect on the Companys financial statements through 2017.
NOTE 2 MANAGEMENTS PLANS
As a technology company focusing on the development of the next generation photonic devices and non-linear optical polymer materials systems, substantial net losses have been incurred since inception. The Company has satisfied capital requirements since inception primarily through the issuance and sale of its common stock. The Company currently has a cash position of approximately $2,660,000. Based upon the current cash position and expenditures of approximately $290,000 per month and no debt service, management believes the Company has sufficient funds currently to finance its operations through January 2017. In January 2016, the Company signed a Purchase Agreement with an institutional investor to sell up to $20,000,000 of common stock. A Registration Statement related to the transaction with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission registering 5,000,000 shares of the Companys common stock went effective on April 7, 2016. Under the Purchase Agreement and at Company's sole discretion, the institutional investor has committed to invest up to $20,000,000 in common stock over a 36-month period.
NOTE 3 PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment consists of the following:
|
| March 31, 2016 |
|
| December 31, 2015 |
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Office equipment |
| $ | 52,488 |
|
| $ | 51,323 |
|
Lab equipment |
|
| 742,224 |
|
|
| 722,555 |
|
Furniture |
|
| 26,028 |
|
|
| 26,028 |
|
Leasehold Improvements |
|
| 231,859 |
|
|
| 231,859 |
|
|
|
| 1,052,599 |
|
|
| 1,031,765 |
|
Less: Accumulated depreciation |
|
| 582,161 |
|
|
| 536,703 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| $ | 470,438 |
|
| $ | 495,062 |
|
Depreciation expense for the three months ending March 31, 2016 and 2015 was $45,458 and $36,746.
7
LIGHTWAVE LOGIC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2016 AND 2015
NOTE 4 INTANGIBLE ASSETS
This represents legal fees and patent fees associated with the prosecution of patent applications. The Company has recorded amortization expenses on the Spacer and Chromophore patents granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office in February 2011, April 2011 and September 2012, which are amortized over the remaining legal life and Chromophore patent granted by the Australian Patent Office in November 2012 which is amortized over the remaining legal life. Certain patent applications are abandoned by the Company when the claims are covered by patents already granted to the Company. Patent applications abandoned have been written off at full capitalized cost. No amortization expense has been recorded on the remaining patent applications since patents have yet to be granted.
Patents consists of the following:
|
| March 31, 2016 |
|
| December 31, 2015 |
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Patents |
| $ | 700,612 |
|
| $ | 690,162 |
|
Less: Accumulated amortization |
|
| 74,368 |
|
|
| 70,395 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| $ | 626,244 |
|
| $ | 619,767 |
|
Amortization expense for the three months ending March 31, 2016 and 2015 was $3,973 and $3,715. Expense for abandoned patents for claims covered by patents already granted to the Company are recorded in research and development expenses and for the three months ending March 31, 2016 and 2015 were $0.
NOTE 5 INCOME TAXES
There is no income tax benefit for the losses for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2014 since management has determined that the realization of the net deferred tax asset is not assured and has created a valuation allowance for the entire amount of such benefits.
The Companys policy is to record interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits as additional income taxes in the statement of operations. As of January 1, 2016, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits, or any tax related interest or penalties. There were no changes in the Companys unrecognized tax benefits during the period ended March 31, 2016. The Company did not recognize any interest or penalties during 2016 related to unrecognized tax benefits. With few exceptions, the U.S. and state income tax returns filed for the tax years ending on December 31, 2012 and thereafter are subject to examination by the relevant taxing authorities.
NOTE 6 STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
Preferred Stock
Pursuant to the Companys Articles of Incorporation, the Companys board of directors is empowered, without stockholder approval, to issue series of preferred stock with any designations, rights and preferences as they may from time to time determine. The rights and preferences of this preferred stock may be superior to the rights and preferences of the Companys common stock; consequently, preferred stock, if issued could have dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting or other rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the common stock. Additionally, preferred stock, if issued, could be utilized, under special circumstances, as a method of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control of the Companys business or a takeover from a third party.
8
LIGHTWAVE LOGIC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2016 AND 2015
NOTE 6 STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY (CONTINUED)
Common Stock and Warrants
In October 2013, the Company issued an option to a new director to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.93 per share for a directorship commencing November 1, 2013. The option was valued at $174,106 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The option expires in 10 years with 50,000 vesting in annual installments commencing November 1, 2013. The option is expensed over the vesting terms. For the year ending December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company recognized $43,527 and $43,527 of expense. For the three months ending March 31, 2016, the Company recognized $10,852 of expense. As of March 31, 2016, the option to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock is still outstanding.
In March 2014, the Company issued options to a new employee to purchase 30,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.92 per share. The options were valued at $23,304, fair value, using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula. The options expire in 10 years vesting in quarterly equal installments of 3,750 from date of employment. The options are expensed over the vesting terms. For the year ending December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company recognized $11,652 and $10,100 of expense. For the three months ending March 31, 2016, the Company recognized $1,552 of expense. As of March 31, 2016, the options to purchase 30,000 shares of common stock are still outstanding.
In March 2014, the Company issued options to a new employee to purchase 75,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.92 per share. The options were valued at $58,384, fair value, using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula. The options expire in 10 years vesting in quarterly equal installments of 9,375 from date of employment. The options are expensed over the vesting terms. For the year ending December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company recognized $29,192 and $24,829 of expense. For the three months ending March 31, 2016, the Company recognized $4,363 of expense. As of March 31, 2016, the options to purchase 75,000 shares of common stock are still outstanding.
In March 2014, the Company issued options to a new employee to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.92 per share. The options were valued at $38,922, fair value, using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula. The options expire in 10 years vesting in quarterly equal installments of 6,250 from date of employment. The options are expensed over the vesting terms. For the year ending December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company recognized $19,427 and $16,164 of expense. For the three months ending March 31, 2016, the Company recognized $3,331 of expense. As of March 31, 2016, the options to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock are still outstanding.
In May 2014, the Company issued options to a new director to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.763 per share. The options were valued at $122,515 using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula. The options expire in 10 years with 50,000 vesting immediately and the remainder vesting in annual equal installments of 50,000 commencing on the one year anniversary of the date of grant. The options are expensed over the vesting terms. For the year ending December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company recognized $30,628 and $50,264 of expense. For the three months ending March 31, 2016, the Company recognized $7,636 of expense. As of March 31, 2016, the options to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock are still outstanding.
During July 2015, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 125,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.70 per share for accounting services to be rendered over a twelve month period commencing July 1, 2015. The warrant was valued at $46,897, fair value at December 31, 2015, using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula, vesting over the next twelve months with 10,416 vesting immediately, 10,416 vesting per month on the first day of the next ten months and 10,424 vesting on the first day of the twelfth month of the corresponding service agreement. The warrant expires in five years. The expense is being recognized based on service terms of the agreement over a twelve month period. For the year ending December 31, 2015, the Company recognized $23,449 of expense. For the three months ending March 31, 2016, the Company recognized $12,116 of expense. As of March 31, 2016, the warrants to purchase 125,000 shares of common stock are still outstanding.
9
LIGHTWAVE LOGIC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2016 AND 2015
NOTE 6 STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY (CONTINUED)
Common Stock and Warrants (Continued)
During August 2015, under the 2007 Employee Stock Option Plan, the Company issued an option to an employee to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.67 per share. The option was valued at $19,930, fair value, using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula. The option expires in 10 years and vests 12,500 immediately and the remaining in equal quarterly installments of 12,500 over the next three quarters. The option is expensed over the vesting terms. For the year ending December 31, 2015, the Company recognized $12,727 of expense. For the three months ending March 31, 2016, the Company recognized $4,990 of expense. As of March 31, 2016, the options to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock are still outstanding.
During August 2015, under the 2007 Employee Stock Option Plan, the Company issued an option to three employees to purchase 75,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.69 per share. The option was valued at $32,734, fair value, using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula. The option expires in 10 years and vests 15,000 immediately and the remaining in equal quarterly installments of 15,000 over the next four quarters. The option is expensed over the vesting terms. For the year ending December 31, 2015, the Company recognized $15,582 of expense. For the three months ending March 31, 2016, the Company recognized $6,528 of expense. As of March 31, 2016, the options to purchase 75,000 shares of common stock are still outstanding.
During August 2015, under the 2007 Employee Stock Option Plan, the Company issued an option to a new director to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.69 per share. The option was valued at $90,615, fair value, using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula. The option expires in 10 years and vests 50,000 immediately and the remaining in equal annual installments of 50,000 over the next three years. The option is expensed over the vesting terms. For the year ending December 31, 2015, the Company recognized $30,518 of expense. For the three months ending March 31, 2016, the Company recognized $5,648 of expense. As of March 31, 2016, the options to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock are still outstanding.
During October 2015, under the 2007 Employee Stock Option Plan, the Company issued options to a new employee to purchase 35,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.74 per share. The option was valued at $16,393, fair value, using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula. The options expire October 12, 2025 with 4,375 shares vesting on the anniversary date of the third month of employment and the remaining vesting in seven equal installments of 4,375 at the end of every three month period thereafter. The option is expensed over the vesting terms. For the year ending December 31, 2015, the Company recognized $1,782 of expense. For the three months ending March 31, 2016, the Company recognized $2,046 of expense. As of March 31, 2016, the options to purchase 35,000 shares of common stock are still outstanding.
During November 2015, under the 2007 Employee Stock Option Plan, the Company granted options effective January 1, 2016 to the Chief Executive Officer to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.86 per share. The options expire November 9, 2025 with 12,500 shares vesting on January 1, 2016 and the remaining vesting quarterly in equal installments of 12,500 options commencing April 1, 2016. The options were valued at $33,108, fair value, using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula. The option is expensed over the vesting terms. For the three months ending March 31, 2016, the Company recognized $8,232 of expense. As of March 31, 2016, the options to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock are still outstanding.
In December 2015, the board of directors approved a grant to a senior advisor effective January 1, 2016 of a warrant to purchase up to 125,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.60 per share. Using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula, the warrant was valued at $44,868, fair value. The warrant expires in 5 years and vests 31,250 immediately and the remaining in equal monthly installments of 9,375 over the next 10 months. The warrant is expensed over the vesting terms. For the three months ending March 31, 2016, the Company recognized $11,599 of expense. As of March 31, 2016, the warrant to purchase 125,000 shares of common stock is still outstanding.
10
LIGHTWAVE LOGIC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2016 AND 2015
NOTE 6 STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY (CONTINUED)
Common Stock and Warrants (Continued)
In January 2016, the Company signed a Purchase Agreement with an institutional investor to sell up to $20,000,000 of common stock. The Company also entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with the institutional investor whereby the Company agreed to file a registration statement related to the transaction with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission registering 5,000,000 shares of the Companys common stock. The registration statement was filed on February 16, 2016. Under the Purchase Agreement and at Company's sole discretion, the institutional investor has committed to invest up to $20,000,000 in common stock over a 36-month period. The Company issued 350,000 shares of restricted common stock to the institutional investor as an initial commitment fee valued at $237,965, fair value and 650,000 shares of common stock are reserved for additional commitment fees to the institutional investor in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
In February 2016, the Company issued options to the Companys six independent directors to each purchase 50,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.68 per share. The options were each valued at $21,475, fair value, using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula. The options expire in 10 years with 20,000 vesting immediately and the remainder vesting in quarterly equal installments of 10,000 commencing April 1, 2016. The options are expensed over the vesting terms. For the three months ending March 31, 2016, the Company recognized $76,878 of expense. As of March 31, 2016, the options to purchase 300,000 shares of common stock are still outstanding.
For the three months ending March 31, 2016 the Company issued 10,282 shares, with a fair value of $6,000, to a director serving as a member of the Companys Operations Committee commencing August 2015. For the three months ending March 31, 2016, the Company recognized $6,000 of expense. During April 2016, the Company issued 3,340 additional shares of common stock valued at $2,000.
NOTE 7 STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the grant-date fair value of an award, with the following assumptions for 2016: no dividend yield, expected volatility, based on the Companys historical volatility, 74% to 78%, risk-free interest rate 1.39 to 1.80% and expected option life of 5 to 5.4 years.
As of March 31, 2016, there was $262,726 of unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested market-based share awards that is expected to be recognized through August 2018.
The following tables summarize all stock option and warrant activity of the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2016:
|
| Non-Qualified Stock Options and Warrants Outstanding and Exercisable |
| |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Weighted |
| |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Average |
| |||
|
| Number of |
|
| Exercise |
|
| Exercise |
| |||
|
| Shares |
|
| Price |
|
| Price |
| |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Outstanding, December 31, 2015 |
|
| 18,528,367 |
|
| $ | 0.63 - $1.69 |
|
| $ | 0.92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted |
|
| 525,000 |
|
| $ | 0.60 - $0.86 |
|
| $ | 0.70 |
|
Expired |
|
| (35,000 | ) |
| $ | 1.00 |
|
| $ | 1.00 |
|
Forfeited |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding, March 31, 2016 |
|
| 19,018,367 |
|
| $ | 0.60 - $1.69 |
|
| $ | 0.91 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable, March 31, 2016 |
|
| 18,271,486 |
|
| $ | 0.60 - $1.69 |
|
| $ | 0.92 |
|
11
LIGHTWAVE LOGIC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2016 AND 2015
NOTE 7 STOCK BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
The aggregate intrinsic value of options and warrants outstanding and exercisable as of March 31, 2016 was $125. The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying options and warrants and the closing stock price of $.6025 for our common stock on March 31, 2016. No options or warrants were exercised during the three month period ending March 31, 2016.
Non-Qualified Stock Options and Warrants Outstanding | ||||||
|
| Number Outstanding |
| Weighted Average |
| Weighted Average |
Range of |
| Currently Exercisable |
| Remaining |
| Exercise Price of Options and |
Exercise Prices |
| at March 31, 2016 |
| Contractual Life |
| Warrants Currently Exercisable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$0.60 - $1.69 |
| 18,271,486 |
| 4.73 Years |
| $0.92 |
NOTE 8 RELATED PARTY
At March 31, 2016 the Company had a legal accrual to a related party of $13,700 and travel and office expense accruals of officers in the amount of $432. At December 31, 2015 the Company had a legal accrual to related party of $1,420 and travel and office expense accruals of officers in the amount of $3,649.
NOTE 9 RETIREMENT PLAN
The Company established a 401(k) retirement plan covering all eligible employees beginning November 15, 2013. A contribution of $5,000 was charged to expense and accrued for the three months ending March 31, 2016 to all eligible non-executive participants. There were no contributions charged to expense in 2015.
NOTE 10 SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In May 2016, the Company issued an option to an independent director to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.60 per share. The option was valued at $67,376 using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula. The option expires in 10 years vesting immediately. The option is expensed over the vesting terms.
In May 2016, the board of directors approved a grant to a new employee of an option to purchase up to 5,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.60 per share. Using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula, the option was valued at $1,738, fair value. The option expires in 10 years and vests 625 on August 4, 2016 and the remaining in equal quarterly installments of 625 over the next 21 months. The option is expensed over the vesting terms.
12
Item 2
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
Lightwave Logic, Inc. (the Company) is a development stage, electro-optical device and organic nonlinear materials company. Our primary area of expertise is the chemical synthesis of chromophore dyes used in the development of organic Application Specific Electro-Optic Polymers (ASEOP) and organic Non-Linear All-Optical Polymers (NLAOP) that have high electro-optic and optical activity. Our family of materials are thermally and photo-chemically stable, which we believe could have utility across a broad range of applications in devices that address markets such as telecommunication, data communications, high-speed computing and photovoltaic cells. Secondarily, our Company is developing proprietary electro-optical and all-optical devices utilizing the advanced capabilities of our materials for applications in the fields mentioned above.
Electro-optic devices convert data from electric signals into optical signals for use in communications systems and in optical interconnects for high-speed data transfer. We expect our patented and patent-pending optical materials (chromophores), when combined with selected polymers to make ASEOP and NLAOP material systems and when completed and tested, to be the core of the future generations of optical devices, modules, sub-systems and systems that we will develop or be licensed by electro-optic device manufacturers, such as telecommunications component and systems manufacturers, networking and switching suppliers, semiconductor companies, aerospace companies and government agencies.
Our ASEOP material systems are property-engineered at the molecular level (nanotechnology level) to meet the exacting thermal, environmental and performance specifications demanded by electro-optic devices. We believe that our patented and patent pending technologies will enable us to design polymer based material systems that are free from the numerous diverse and inherent flaws that plague competitive polymer technologies employed by other companies and research groups. We engineer our polymer based material systems with the intent to have temporal, thermal, chemical and photochemical stability within our patented and patent pending molecular chromophore architectures.
Our non-linear all optical NLAOP material systems have demonstrated resonantly enhanced third-order properties approximately 2,630 times larger than fused silica, which means that they are highly photo-optically active in the absence of an RF circuit. In this way they differ from other polymer technologies and are considered more advanced next-generation materials.
Our revenue model relies substantially on the assumption that we will be able to successfully develop our polymer based material systems and photonic device products, which will use our polymer based material systems, for applications within the industries named below. When appropriate, we intend to create specific materials for each of these applications and use our proprietary knowledge base to continue to enhance its discoveries.
·
cloud computing and data centers
·
telecommunications/data communications
·
backplane optical interconnects
·
photovoltaic cells
·
medical applications
·
satellite reconnaissance
·
navigation systems
·
radar applications
·
optical filters
·
spatial light modulators
·
all-optical switches
To be successful, we must, among other things:
·
Develop and maintain collaborative relationships with strategic partners;
·
Continue to expand our research and development efforts for our products;
·
Develop and continue to improve on our manufacturing processes and maintain stringent quality controls;
·
Produce commercial quantities of our products at commercially acceptable prices;
·
Rapidly respond to technological advancements;
·
Attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel; and
·
Obtain and retain effective intellectual property protection for our products and technology.
13
We believe that Moore's Law (a principle which states the number of transistors on a silicon chip doubles approximately every eighteen months) will create markets for our high-performance electro-optic materials and photonic device products.
Plan of Operation
Since inception, we have been engaged primarily in the research and development of our polymer based material systems and photonic device products. We are devoting significant resources to engineer next-generation polymer based material systems for future applications to be utilized by electro-optic device manufacturers, such as telecommunications component and systems manufacturers, networking and switching suppliers, semiconductor companies, aerospace companies, government agencies and internal device development. We expect to continue to develop products that we intend to introduce to these rapidly changing markets and to seek to identify new markets. We expect to continue to make significant operating and capital expenditures for research and development activities.
As we move from a development stage company to a product supplier, we expect that our financial condition and results of operations will undergo substantial change. In particular, we expect to record both revenue and expense from product sales, to incur increased costs for sales and marketing and to increase general and administrative expense. Accordingly, the financial condition and results of operations reflected in our historical financial statements are not expected to be indicative of our future financial condition and results of operations.
Some of our more significant milestones that we achieved during 2014-2016 include:
In January 2014 we created a new methodology to combine multiple chromophores into a single polymer host that significantly improves their ability to generate more powerful organic, nonlinear electro-optical polymer systems. The new synthetic chemistry process can enable multiple chromophores (dyes) to work in concert with each other within a single polymer host. This proprietary process has created two new material systems, which have demonstrated outstanding electro-optic values. In addition, we now have a significant amount of data on the thermal aging of our materials. We have demonstrated that our materials can withstand more than 2,000 hours at 110 degrees C with little to no change in electro-optic activity in our materials, which is a significant milestone. To our knowledge, this is something that has not been achieved before in any polymer. We are also concurrently coating prototype waveguides with our proprietary material system.
In February 2014 we received our first purchase order for our advanced organic nonlinear electro-optic polymer from Boulder Nonlinear Systems (BNS) of Boulder, Colorado in connection with the development of a next generation LADAR system. A LADAR system is a radar system that utilizes a pulse laser to calculate the distance to a target, but is also capable of rendering a 3-D image. In the event BNS continues to move forward with the development of this LADAR system, we expect to receive additional purchase orders from BNS.
In March 2014 we began the process of manufacturing an advanced design Silicon Organic Hybrid Transceiver prototype and we released the completed chip design to the OpSIS Center at the University of Delaware who contracted with a third party to produce the initial silicon chips, which were delivered to us in December 2014 and January 2015. We are currently qualifying and testing these chips for utilization in our Silicon Organic Transceiver. The initial application will target inter-data center interconnections of more than 10 kilometers. Our next design will utilize a different frequency and address the current bottleneck in the rack-to-server layer at distances greater than 500 meters.
In April 2014 we entered into a sole worldwide license agreement with Corning Incorporated enabling us to integrate Corning's organic electro-optical chromophores into our portfolio of electro-optic polymer materials. The agreement allows us to use the licensed patents within a defined license field that includes communications, computing, power, and power storage applications utilizing the nonlinear optical properties of their materials.
In August 2014 the University of Colorado successfully fabricated and tested a bleached electro-optic waveguide modulator designed and fabricated through a sponsored collaborative research agreement. The results of this initial bleached waveguide modulator correlated well with previous electro-optic thin film properties. These initial results of our first in-house device were significant to our entire device program and were an important starting point for our current modulators that are being developed for target markets. We have multiple generations of new materials that we are optimizing for this specific design.
14
In October 2014 we submitted an order with Reynard Corporation to produce gold-layered fused silica substrates for our bleached waveguide modulators to be coated with several of our organic electro-optical polymers, which we received in early November 2014 and performance tested throughout December 2014. In May, 2015, we subsequently decided to eliminate this product from our commercial development plans due to its limited commercial value, low speed characteristics, difficulty to mass-produce and limited ability to integrate with existing architectures. In lieu of this development program, a commercially viable prototype ridge waveguide modulator program was started to replace the bleached waveguide development. We believe that the ridge waveguide modulator represents a viable telecom device opportunity for the Company that does not have the inherent limitations seen in bleached waveguide structures.
In May 2015 we achieved operating capability of our in-house Class 100 Clean Room where we do thin film processing and expect to complete the development of prototype photonic devices enabled by our advanced organic electro-optic polymer material systems in a timelier manner. Additionally, the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA) certified three of our employees, which allows us access to JILAs world-class semiconductor facility located at the University of Colorado, Boulder. Access to this facility provides us with better control over the quality of our development work and the speed at which it progresses.
In August 2015 we completed 2,000+ hours of thermal aging tests of several blends of materials created by our multi-chromophore process, which included lengthy exposure to high temperatures (850C and 1100C). The data collected indicated minimal loss of electro-optical activity (R33) of our materials, which means that our organic polymers are expected to provide decades of operational performance. These results exceed previously published efforts for other organic polymers and are an important part of our commercialization effort as we begin to implement these material systems into advanced photonic devices for the telecom and datacom markets.
Additionally, in August 2015, we completed 500+ hours of photochemical stability testing of our material candidates by exposing them to the visible light spectrum. The data collected indicated no discernible change in the chemical structures in an oxygen free environment. An accepted industry standard is 2,000 hours. This stability testing was begun to help us understand more clearly the processing and manufacturing requirements of our future commercial products, and provide initial assurances to expect the same results as we move these materials into actual photonic device structures.
In October 2015, we successfully surpassed 2,000 hours of photochemical stability testing of our material candidates with little to no change in the electro-optic characteristics (R33) of our material; and, in January 2016, we successfully surpassed 4,000 hours of photochemical stability testing of our material candidates with little to no change in the electro-optic characteristics (R33) of our material. These photochemical stability test results, along with the thermal stability at 110°C, should enable the Company to demonstrate that organic polymers can compete head-to-head with inorganic crystalline legacy telecom and datacom devices which currently provide the backbone for the entire infrastructure that converts almost incalculable amounts of electronic (binary) data into pulses of light and back on a daily basis.
In November of 2015, we successfully fabricated ridge waveguide structures from our core material system. At the same time we successfully developed a proprietary methodology to segment individual chips from our silicon wafers that contain our ridge waveguide devices. These critical steps in our process provide us with a clear path towards a commercial telecommunication device. These same processes can be used for the fabrication of modulators to be used in data centers. The individual chips are now being analyzed and passively tested in our Longmont, CO optical test facility. We continue to move towards completion of an operating organic polymer-enabled ridge waveguide modulator prototype using our new multi-chromophore material systems.
In February 2016, we successfully guided laser single-mode light through 16 of our passive single-mode ridge waveguides made entirely out of our advanced organic polymer systems, which are the building block of waveguide modulators that achieve high modulator performance. As a result, our commercialization effort has entered the next phases of development: passive-waveguide loss measurements, followed by the development and active testing of electro-optic modulators. Utilizing continuous-wave input laser light, electro-optic modulators convert digital (binary) electrical data into output pulses of light that can be transported across fiber optical communication networks. Active testing is accomplished by applying an electrical signal to a modulator and evaluating the resulting output optical signal.
In April 2016, we successfully achieved modulation of light in our first in-house all-polymer ridge waveguide modulator prototype. This important step towards commercialization proved that our proprietary organic polymer systems could modulate light in an in-house designed and produced ridge waveguide modulator. We expect this significant achievement to eventually lead to high-speed, low input voltage modulators capable of penetrating the current market. We are still testing and modifying the poling profiles in prototype devices to duplicate the results seen in previous Teng Mann R33 material testing.
15
Presently, we are continuing to move towards completion of our operating organic polymer-enabled ridge waveguide modulator prototype using our new multi-chromophore material systems.
We ultimately intend to use our next-generation electro-optic polymer material systems and non-linear all-optical polymer material systems for future applications vital to the following industries. We expect to create specific materials for each of these applications as appropriate:
·
Cloud computing and data centers
·
Telecommunications/data communications
·
Backplane optical interconnects
·
Photovoltaic cells
·
Medical applications
·
Satellite reconnaissance
·
Navigation systems
·
Radar applications
·
Optical filters
·
Spatial light modulators
·
All-optical switches
In an effort to maximize our future revenue stream from our electro-optic polymer material systems and non-linear all-optical polymer material systems, our business model anticipates that our revenue stream will be derived from one or some combination of the following: (i) technology licensing for specific product applications; (ii) joint venture relationships with significant industry leaders; (iii) the production and direct sale of our own photonic device components; or (iv) the vertical integration of our modulator into a transceiver device. Our objective is to be a leading provider of proprietary technology and know-how in the photonic device markets. In order to meet this objective, subject to successful testing of our technology and having available financial resources, we intend to:
·
Develop electro-optic polymer material systems and non-linear all-optical polymer material systems and photonic devices;
·
Continue to develop proprietary intellectual property;
·
Streamline our product development process;
·
Develop a comprehensive marketing plan;
·
Maintain/develop strategic relationships with government agencies, private firms, and academic institutions; and
·
Continue to attract and retain high level science and technology personnel to our Company
Our Proprietary Products in Development
As part of a two-pronged marketing strategy, our Company is developing several devices, which are in various stages of development that utilize our organic nonlinear optical materials. They include:
·
Ridge waveguide modulator
·
Slot waveguide modulator
·
Spatial light modulator
·
100 Gbps telecommunications modulator
·
200 Gbps datacomm/telecomm photonic transceiver
·
Integrated photonic system
Additionally, we must continue to create and maintain an infrastructure, including operational and financial systems, and related internal controls, and recruit qualified personnel. Failure to do so could adversely affect our ability to support our operations.
Capital Requirements
As a development stage company, we do not generate revenues. We have incurred substantial net losses since inception. We have satisfied our capital requirements since inception primarily through the issuance and sale of our common stock.
16
Results of Operations
Comparison of three months ended March 31, 2016 to three months ended March 31, 2015
Revenues
As a development stage company, we had no revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015. The Company is in various stages of material and photonic device development and evaluation. We expect the next revenue stream to be in product development agreements, prototype devices and sale of nonlinear optical polymer materials prior to moving into production.
Our operating expenses were $1,059,311 and $1,065,452 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, for a decrease of $6,141. This decrease in operating expenses was due primarily to decreases in outsourced testing and product development expenses, research and development non-cash stock option and warrant amortization and research and development travel expenses offset by increases in research and development consulting fees, salaries and wages, legal expenses and laboratory materials and supplies.
Included in our operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $603,263 for research and development expenses compared to $645,206 for the three months ended March 31, 2015, for a decrease of $41,943. Outsourced testing and prototype development were brought in-house with the completion of the Companys clean room and optical testing operations. The decrease in research and development expenses is primarily due to decreases in outsourced testing and product development expenses, non-cash stock option and warrant amortization and travel expenses offset by increases in consulting fees, salaries and wages and laboratory materials and supplies.
Research and development expenses currently consist primarily of compensation for employees engaged in internal research, product development activities; laboratory operations, internal material and device testing and prototype electro-optic device design, development and prototype device processing; costs; and related operating expenses.
We expect to continue to incur substantial research and development expense to develop and commercialize our photonic devices and electro-optic materials platform. These expenses will increase as a result of accelerated development effort to support commercialization of our non-linear optical polymer materials technology; to build photonic device prototypes in our in-house laboratories; hiring additional technical and support personnel; engaging a senior technical advisor; pursuing other potential business opportunities and collaborations; customer testing and evaluation; and incurring related operating expenses.
Laboratory material testing expense and electro-optic device development decreased $88,932 from $113,649 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $24,717 for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Research and development non-cash stock option amortization decreased $16,032 from $103,568 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $87,536 for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Travel expenses decreased $6,120 from $19,556 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $13,436 for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Consulting expenses increased $32,759 from $22,594 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $55,353 for the year ended March 31, 2016.
Wages and salaries with fringe benefits increased $24,571 from $259,222 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $283,793 for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Laboratory materials and supplies increased $6,766 from $40,921 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $47,687 for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
General and administrative expense consists primarily of compensation and support costs for management staff, and for other general and administrative costs, including executive, sales and marketing, investor relations, accounting and finance, legal, consulting and other operating expenses.
17
General and administrative expenses increased $35,802 to $456,048 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to $420,246 for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The increase is due primarily to increases in salaries and wages and legal expenses.
General and Administrative wages and salaries increased $21,261 from $111,374 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $132,635 for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Legal fees increased $11,517 to $54,811 for the three months ending March 31, 2016 from $43,294 for the three months ended March 31, 2015.
We expect general and administrative expense to increase in future periods as we increase the level of corporate and administrative activity, including increases associated with our operation as a public company; and significantly increase expenditures related to the future production and sales of our products.
Other Income (Expense)
Other income (expense) increased ($237,960) to ($237,899) for the three months ended March 31, 2016 from $61 for the three months March 31, 2015, relating primarily to the initial commitment fee associated with the 2016 purchase agreement with an institutional investor.
Net Loss
Net loss was $1,297,210 and $1,065,391 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, for an increase of $231,819, due primarily to increases in commitment fee associated with the 2016 purchase agreement with an institutional investor, research and development consulting fees, salaries and wages, legal expenses and laboratory materials and supplies offset by decreases in outsourced testing and product development expenses, research and development non-cash stock option and warrant amortization and research and development travel expenses.
Significant Accounting Policies
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates based upon historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ materially from these estimates.
We believe our significant accounting policies affect our more significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our financial statements. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 contains a discussion of these significant accounting policies. There have been no significant changes in our significant accounting policies since December 31, 2015. See our Note 1 in our unaudited financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2016 as set forth herein for a complete discussion of our Companys accounting policies.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
During the three months ended March 31, 2016, net cash used in operating activities was $677,687 and net cash used in investing activities was $31,284, which was due primarily to the Companys research and development activities and general and administrative expenditures. Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $0. At March 31, 2016, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $3,021,734, our assets totaled $4,238,815, our liabilities totaled $129,221, and we had stockholders equity of $4,109,594.
18
Sources and Uses of Cash
Our future expenditures and capital requirements will depend on numerous factors, including: the progress of our research and development efforts; the rate at which we can, directly or through arrangements with original equipment manufacturers, introduce and sell products incorporating our polymer materials technology; the costs of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights; market acceptance of our products and competing technological developments; and our ability to establish cooperative development, joint venture and licensing arrangements. We expect that we will incur approximately $3,480,000 of expenditures over the next 12 months. Our cash requirements are expected to increase at a rate consistent with the Companys path to revenue growth as we expand our activities and operations with the objective of commercializing our electro-optic polymer technology during 2016.
Our business does not presently generate the cash needed to finance our current and anticipated operations. We believe we have raised sufficient capital to finance our operations through January 2017; however, we will need to obtain additional future financing after that time to finance our operations until such time that we can conduct profitable revenue-generating activities. Such future sources of financing may include cash from equity offerings, exercise of stock options, warrants and proceeds from debt instruments; but we cannot assure you that such equity or borrowings will be available or, if available, will be at rates or prices acceptable to us.
On January 29, 2016, we signed a purchase agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (Lincoln Park) to sell up to $20,000,000 of common stock whereby subject to certain conditions and at our sole discretion, Lincoln Park has committed to purchase up to $20,000,000 of our common stock over a 36-month period. In April 2016 our registration statement became effective, which registered for resale by Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement 5,000,000 shares of our common stock, 350,000 of which have already been issued as a commitment fee and 4,650,000 of which may be sold by us to Lincoln Park during the term of the purchase agreement. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, Lincoln Park is obligated to make purchases as the Company directs in accordance with the purchase agreement, which may be terminated by the Company at any time, without cost or penalty. Sales of shares will be made in specified amounts and at prices that are based upon the market prices of our common stock immediately preceding the sales to Lincoln Park. We expect this financing to provide us with sufficient funds to maintain our operations for the foreseeable future. With the additional capital, we expect to achieve a level of revenues attractive enough to fulfill our development activities and adequate enough to support our business model for the foreseeable future. We cannot assure you that we will meet the conditions of the purchase agreement with Lincoln Park in order to obligate Lincoln Park to purchase our shares of common stock. In the event we fail to do so, and other adequate funds are not available to satisfy long-term capital requirements, or if planned revenues are not generated, we may be required to substantially limit our operations. This limitation of operations may include reductions in capital expenditures and reductions in staff and discretionary costs.
There are no trading volume requirements or restrictions under the purchase agreement and we will control the timing and amount of any sales of our common stock to Lincoln Park. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by us, but is obligated to make purchases from us as we direct in accordance with the purchase agreement. We can also accelerate the amount of common stock to be purchased under certain circumstances. There are no limitations on use of proceeds, financial or business covenants, restrictions on future funding, rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park may not assign or transfer its rights and obligations under stock the purchase agreement.
We expect that our cash used in operations will increase during 2016 and beyond as a result of the following planned activities:
·
The addition of management, sales, marketing, technical and other staff to our workforce;
·
Increased spending for the expansion of our research and development efforts, including purchases of additional laboratory and production equipment;
·
Increased spending in marketing as our products are introduced into the marketplace;
·
Developing and maintaining collaborative relationships with strategic partners;
·
Developing and improving our manufacturing processes and quality controls; and
·
Increases in our general and administrative activities related to our operations as a reporting public company and related corporate compliance requirements.
19
Analysis of Cash Flows
For the three months ended March 31, 2016
Net cash used in operating activities was $677,687 for the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily attributable to the net loss of $1,297,210 adjusted by $23,715 in warrants issued for services, $132,056 in options issued for services, $243,965 in common stock issued for services, $49,431 in depreciation expenses and patent amortization expenses, $144,092 in prepaid expenses and $26,264 in accounts payable and accrued expenses. Net cash used in operating activities consisted of payments for research and development, legal, professional and consulting expenses, rent and other expenditures necessary to develop our business infrastructure.
Net cash used by investing activities was $31,284 for the three months ended March 31, 2016, consisting of $10,450 in cost for intangibles and $20,834 in asset additions primarily for the new lab facility.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Inflation and Seasonality
We do not believe that our operations are significantly impacted by inflation. Our business is not seasonal in nature.
Item 4
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Companys management, with the participation of the Companys Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Companys disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of March 31, 2016. Based on this evaluation, the Companys Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2016 the Companys disclosure controls and procedures were effective, in that they provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commissions rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to the Companys management, including the Companys Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
20
PART II OTHER INFORMATION
Item 2
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Date |
| Security/Value |
|
|
|
January 2016 |
| Warrant right to buy 125,000 shares of common stock at $0.60 per share issued for services. |
February 2016 |
| Option right to buy 50,000 shares of common stock at $0.68 per share issued for services. |
Jan. March 2016 |
| Common Stock 10,282 shares of common stock at average price of $0.583 per share issued for services. |
No underwriters were utilized and no commissions or fees were paid with respect to any of the above transactions. We relied on Section 4(a)(2) and/or Regulation D of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, since the transactions did not involve any public offering.
Item 6
The following exhibits are included herein:
Exhibit No. |
| Description of Exhibit |
| Location |
10.1 |
| Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 29, 2016, by and between the Company and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC |
| Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on February 1, 2016 |
10.2 |
| Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of January 29, 2016, by and between the Company and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC |
| Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on February 1, 2016 |
10.3 |
| Termination Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2016, by and between the Company and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC |
| Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on February 1, 2016 |
31.1 |
| Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, executed by the Principal Executive Officer of the Company. |
| Filed herewith |
31.2 |
| Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, executed by the Principal Financial Officer of the Company. |
| Filed herewith |
32.1 |
| Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, executed by the Principal Executive Officer of the Company. |
| Filed herewith |
32.2 |
| Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, executed by the Principal Financial Officer of the Company. |
| Filed herewith |
101 |
| XBRL |
| Filed herewith |
21
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
LIGHTWAVE LOGIC, INC.
Registrant
By: | /s/ Thomas E. Zelibor |
|
| Thomas E. Zelibor, |
|
| Chief Executive Officer |
|
| (Principal Executive Officer) |
|
Date: May 16, 2016
By: | /s/ James S. Marcelli |
|
| James S. Marcelli, |
|
| President, Chief Operating Officer |
|
| (Principal Financial Officer) |
|
Date: May 16, 2016
22