form10-k.htm


UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549



FORM 10-K

 
(MARK ONE)                                                                                                                                                                                                       
 
x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the fiscal year ended March 29, 2008
 
OR
 
¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from ___________ to _____________
 
Commission file number: 1-12696
 
Plantronics, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
 
 
Delaware
 
77-0207692
 
 
  (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
 
 
 
345 Encinal Street, Santa Cruz, California
 
95060
 
 
 (Address of principal executive offices)
 
 (Zip Code)
 
 
(831) 426-5858
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
 
  Title of each class
 
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
 
 
 
COMMON STOCK, $.01 PAR VALUE
 
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE
 
         
         
 
PREFERRED SHARE PURCHASE RIGHTS
 
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE
 
 
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
NONE
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.   Yes x No ¨
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.   Yes ¨ No x
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x No ¨
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K  is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,”  and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  (Check one).
 
Large Accelerated Filer x
Accelerated Filer ¨
Non-accelerated Filer ¨
Smaller Reporting Company ¨ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes ¨ No x
 
The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based upon the closing price of $28.55 for shares of the Registrant's common stock on September 28, 2007, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter as reported by the New York Stock Exchange, was approximately $1,373,228,116.  In calculating such aggregate market value, shares of common stock owned of record or beneficially by officers, directors, and persons known to the Registrant to own more than five percent of the Registrant's voting securities as of September 28, 2007 (other than such persons of whom the Registrant became aware only through the filing of a Schedule 13G filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission) were excluded because such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is for purposes of this calculation only and is not conclusive.
 
As of April 26, 2008, 48,937,788 shares of common stock were outstanding.
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement for its 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on July 23, 2008 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 


 
 

 

Logo
 
Plantronics, Inc.
FORM 10-K
For the Year Ended March 31, 2008
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Part I.
 
Page
Item 1.
1
Item 1A.
12
Item 1B.
24
Item 2.
24
Item 3.
25
Item 4.
25
Part II.
   
Item 5.
26
Item 6.
27
Item 7.
28
Item 7A.
49
Item 8.
51
Item 9.
84
Item 9A.
84
Item 9B.
84
Part III.
   
Item 10.
85
Item 11.
85
Item 12.
85
Item 13.
86
Item 14.
86
Part IV.
   
Item 15.
87
89
 
The Bluetooth name and the Bluetooth trademarks are owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and are used by Plantronics, Inc. under license. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.


PART I
 
This Annual Report on Form 10-K is filed with respect to our fiscal year 2008. Each of our fiscal years ends on the Saturday closest to the last day of March. Fiscal year 2008 ended on March 29, 2008, fiscal year 2007 ended on March 31, 2007, and fiscal year 2006 ended on April 1, 2006.  Each fiscal year consisted of 52 weeks.  For purposes of consistent presentation, we have indicated in this report that each fiscal year ended "March 31" of the given year, even though the actual fiscal year end may have been on a different date.
 
CERTAIN FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
 
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).  These statements may generally be identified by the use of such words as "expect," "anticipate," "believe," "intend," "plan," "will," or "shall," and are based on current expectations and entail various risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including, but not limited to the factors discussed in the subsection entitled "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of this Form 10-K.  This Annual Report on Form 10-K and our Annual Report to Stockholders should be read in conjunction with these risk factors.  We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
 
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
 
COMPANY BACKGROUND
 
Plantronics, Inc. (“Plantronics,” “the Company,” “we”, “our,” or “us”) is a leading worldwide designer, manufacturer, and marketer of lightweight communications headsets, telephone headset systems, and accessories for the business and consumer markets under the Plantronics brand.  We are also a leading manufacturer and marketer of docking audio products, computer and home entertainment sound systems, and a line of headphones for personal digital media under our Altec Lansing brand. In addition, we manufacture and market under our Clarity brand specialty telephone products, such as telephones for the hearing impaired, and other related products for people with special communication needs. 

We ship a broad range of communications products to over 80 countries through a worldwide network of distributors, retailers, wireless carriers, original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”), and telephony service providers.  We have well-developed distribution channels in North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand, where use of our products is widespread.  Our distribution channels in other regions of the world are less mature, and while we primarily serve the headset contact center markets in those regions, we are expanding into the office, mobile and entertainment, digital audio, and specialty telephone markets in the additional international locations.
 
Plantronics was founded and incorporated in the State of California in 1961 and initially became a public company in 1977. We then became a private company in a leveraged buyout in 1989 and subsequently reincorporated in the State of Delaware. Plantronics again became a public company in 1994 on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “PLT”.
 
Plantronics acquired the Walker Equipment Corporation and Ameriphone, Inc. in 1986 and 2002, respectively. In January 2004, we changed the name of our Walker and Ameriphone businesses to Clarity.  Clarity is a leading supplier of telephones with advanced sound processing, notification systems, assisted listening devices and other communications devices for the hearing-impaired markets.
 
On April 4, 2005, Plantronics acquired Octiv, Inc., which we renamed Volume Logic, Inc., (“Volume Logic”). Volume Logic’s intellectual property provides enhancements for both the digital music and telephony audio experiences.
 
On August 18, 2005, Plantronics acquired Altec Lansing Technologies, Inc. (“Altec Lansing”), a market leader in docking and PC audio systems. The acquisition of Altec Lansing enabled us to combine our expertise in voice communication with Altec Lansing’s expertise in music entertainment to meet the full audio needs of the consumer in their personal and professional lives. Altec Lansing, which is now a division of Plantronics, designs and manufactures digital PC audio systems for personal computers (“PCs”) and docking audio devices in all price ranges that complement the style and electronics of the most advanced PCs, TVs, iPods, docking audio devices, smartphones, and entertainment centers.
 
Our business is organized into two reportable segments:  the Audio Communications Group (“ACG”) and the Audio Entertainment Group (“AEG”).


 
·
Audio Communications Group: Our ACG segment is our core business and is engaged in the design, manufacture, marketing and sales of headsets for business and consumer applications, and other specialty products. We make headsets for use in office and contact centers, with mobile and cordless phones, and with computers and gaming consoles. Plantronics headsets are communications tools, providing freedom to use your hands while staying “connected,” freedom to move around, and freedom from using keyboards.  We apply a variety of technologies to develop high quality products to meet the needs of our customers, whether it is for communications or personal entertainment.  Plantronics headsets are widely used with cell phones, in contact centers, in the office, in the home, for computer applications such as Voice over Internet Protocol (“VoIP”), for gaming, and other specialty applications.  Major product categories include Office and Contact Center, which includes corded and cordless communication headsets, audio processors and telephone systems; Mobile, which includes Bluetooth and corded products for mobile phone applications; Gaming and Computer Audio, which includes PC and gaming headsets; and Other, which includes specialty products such as Clarity products marketed for hearing impaired individuals.  Products developed and managed by ACG are included in this segment and may be sold under any of our family of brands.
 
 
·
Audio Entertainment Group: Our AEG segment is engaged in the design, manufacture, sales and marketing of audio solutions and related technologies.  We offer docking audio products, computer and digital audio systems, headphones and microphones for personal digital media, and digital radio frequency audio systems. Major  product categories include Docking Audio, which includes all speakers whether AC or battery-powered that work with portable digital players, such as iPod and other MP3 players; PC Audio, which includes self-powered speaker systems used for computers and other multi-media application systems; and Other, which includes all of our personal audio (headphones) and home audio systems.  Products developed and managed by AEG are included in this segment.  Such products are generally sold under the Altec Lansing brand and/or the inMotion sub-brand.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company transitioned the responsibility and management of the Altec Lansing branded PC headsets from the AEG segment to the ACG segment, and as a result, effective July 1, 2007, the revenue and resulting gross profit from all PC headsets is now included in the ACG reporting segment within the Gaming and Computer Audio category.   

We provide access free of charge through a link on our website, to the following filings as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission: our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13 (a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 
Our principal executive offices are located at 345 Encinal Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060.  Our telephone number is (831) 426-5858.  Our internet address is www.plantronics.com.  Our Investor Relations website is also accessible through www.plantronics.com.
 
BUSINESS SEGMENTS AND MARKET INFORMATION

In fiscal 2008, our ACG segment accounted for $747.9 million of our net revenues, and our AEG segment accounted for $108.4 million of our net revenues.  Further information on our segments, as required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131 (Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information) and Item 101(b) of Regulation S-K, can be found in the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes herein.
 
The following are discussions of the industry background, the key markets and product offerings for both our ACG and AEG segments.
  
AUDIO COMMUNICATIONS GROUP
 
General Industry Background
 
ACG operates predominantly in the consumer electronics market and focuses on the design, manufacture and distribution of headsets for business and consumer applications, and other specialty products for the hearing impaired.  Our ACG segment targets enhanced communications for office and contact centers, mobile and cordless phones, and computers and gaming consoles.  We offer our products primarily under two brands – Plantronics and Clarity,although we also offer music-first headsets under the Altec Lansing brand.

Demand for headsets continues to increase both in our traditional markets, such as the enterprise markets, as well as in the consumer market.  In each of these markets, the trend towards wireless products contributed significantly to demand, a trend we expect to continue in fiscal 2009.


Our headset products enhance communications by providing the following benefits:

·
Better sound quality that provides clearer conversations on both ends of a call through a variety of features and technologies, including noise-canceling microphones, Digital Signal Processing (“DSP”), and more;
 
·
Wireless freedom allowing people to take and make calls as they move freely around their office or home without cords or cables;
 
·
Multi-tasking benefits that allow people to use a computer, a Personal Data Assistant (“PDA”) or other device, take notes and organize files while talking hands-free;
 
·
Contributing to greater driving safety by enabling a person already using a cell phone to have both hands free to drive while talking on a cell phone;
 
·
Voice command and control that let people take advantage of voice dialing and/or other voice-based features to make communications and the human/electronic interface more natural and convenient;
 
·
Providing ergonomic relief from repetitive stress injuries and discomfort associated with placing a telephone handset between the shoulder and neck;
 
·
Providing greater comfort and convenience than a telephone alone on longer calls;
 
·
Enabling emerging PC and VoIP applications, including speech recognition, Internet telephony and gaming;
 
·
Providing a convenient means for connecting between various applications and voice networks, whether that be between land line and mobile phones, or between PC-based communications and other networks; and
 
·
Providing greater privacy than speakerphones, and with wireless products, the ability to move from public to private space when required.
 
The proliferation of desktop computing makes communications headsets a product of choice in many occupations because they permit the user to be more efficient in an ergonomically comfortable environment. Growing awareness of driver safety and impending or already existing hands-free legislation requiring mandatory hands-free devices for cell phone communications in cars, has led to increased headset adoption for cell phone users.  The increased adoption of new technologies, such as Bluetooth, VoIP, Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (“DECT”), and DSP described below, also contributed to the increase in demand for telephone headsets:

 
·
Unified communications (UC) is the integration of disparate communications systems, media, devices and applications. It may include the integration of fixed and mobile voice, e-mail, instant messaging, desktop and advanced business applications, Internet Protocol (IP)-PBX, voice over IP (VoIP), presence, voice-mail, fax, audio video and web conferencing, unified messaging, unified voicemail, and whiteboarding into a single environment offering the user a more complete but simpler and more effective experience. A primary goal is to reduce latency for users.
 
 
·
Bluetooth is a wireless technology using short-range radio links that can eliminate cables and wires that were formerly required to connect computing and communications devices.  It can be used to provide low-cost, wireless connectivity between computers, mobile phones, PDAs or other portable handheld devices, and access to the Internet.
 
 
·
VoIP is a technology that allows a person to make telephone calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular (or analog) phone line. VoIP converts the voice signal from a person’s telephone into a digital signal that travels over the Internet and then converts it back at the other end so that the caller can speak to anyone with a regular (or analog) phone line.
 
 
·
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (“DECT™”) 6.0 is a technology that optimizes audio quality, lowers interference with other wireless devices, and is digitally encrypted for maximum call security.

 
·
DSP is a technology that delivers acoustic protection and optimal sound quality through noise reduction, echo cancellation, and other algorithms to improve both transmit and receive quality.


Markets
 
Our ACG products are designed to meet the needs of specific markets and applications such as office (ranging from enterprise to home office), contact centers, mobile devices such as cell phones and PDAs, computer and gaming, residential and other specialty applications.  These markets and applications are increasingly overlapping as work styles and lifestyles change, and people use devices for multiple applications such as communication, music, and video entertainment.  Plantronics serves these markets through our following product groups:
 
Office and Contact Center
 
The office market comprises our largest revenue stream with a broad range of communications headsets, including high-end, ergonomically designed headsets, audio processors, and telephone systems.  Growth in this market comes from two main factors:
 
 
·
the adoption of wireless solutions and the freedom they allow; and
 
 
·
a growing awareness of the benefits of headsets.
 
We believe the contact center market is our second largest revenue stream and most mature market.  We believe that the long-term outlook for the contact center is one of modest growth.   We expect that contact centers will increasingly adopt VoIP technology to help improve productivity and reduce costs.  We develop headsets specifically tailored to VoIP applications, and, as VoIP adoption increases, we believe that we will continue to lead in new product performance.
 
Mobile
 
Mobile represents our largest unit volume market and provides a significant opportunity for growth, especially now that we have largely completed the transition from corded to Bluetooth products for mobile phone applications. Use of headsets is growing worldwide, particularly due to continued Bluetooth technology adoption and hands-free legislation for cell phones.  As headsets become more mainstream, users are becoming more fashion conscious and style has become as important as functionality and technology.  Our mobile headsets merge technological innovations with style.
 
Entertainment and Computer Audio
 
Entertainment and Computer Audio headsets, whether they are used for interactive on-line gaming or switching between music and phone calls for multi-functional devices, represent an emerging market opportunity for us.
 
We believe that a number of fundamental factors are likely to increase our customers’ need for PC-compatible headsets in the future, including the convergence of telephony and entertainment, internet multimedia applications such as streaming audio and video, VoIP, gaming, and video conferencing.  As devices providing these user needs converge, our headsets may need to be PC-compatible, cell phone compatible, MP3 compatible or various combinations of these.  We are monitoring our product roadmap to meet these potential future customer requirements.
 
Home and Home Office (“H2O”)
 
Home and home office represents an emerging market. Telephone usage in these environments often requires mobility, the performance of multiple tasks, and work-at-home lifestyle. We expect the use of headsets in this market to increase with the growth in home offices, remote workers, and professionals working from home.
 
Specialty Products
 
Our specialty products address the unique needs of various consumer groups, one of which is the increasing number of people suffering from hearing loss worldwide.  Clarity offers a comprehensive range of communications products that serve the mild, moderate, and severe hearing loss markets as well as the deaf community.  Product distribution includes specialized distributors, retail, government programs, audiologists and other health care professionals.


AUDIO ENTERTAINMENT GROUP
 
General Industry Background
 
AEG operates predominantly in the consumer electronics market and focuses on the design, manufacture and distribution of a wide range of products, such as docking audio systems, multimedia speakers, headphones, and other audio products.  Our AEG segment targets advanced audio solutions for one of the fastest growing sectors of the consumer electronics industry, including personal computers, video gaming, personal audio, MP3 players and home theater. We offer our products primarily under two brands – Altec Lansing® and inMotionTM.
 
The consumer electronics market is undergoing a significant transformation where, as a result of digital technology and increased availability of digital content, a variety of once isolated segments, including televisions, DVD players, stereos, CD players, cameras and PCs are converging to create the need for new network devices.  This change is driving the demand for new high-end, flexible digital solutions in home theater, video gaming and personal audio. Higher portability, connectivity and wireless technology are other industry trends, especially in the mobile markets, that require high-end audio solutions.  Our success in this market will depend on our ability to develop and provide innovative solutions that maximize the audio functions of devices such as MP3 players, Apple iPod, satellite radio and cellular players. To this end, the inMotionTM product line provides a portable audio system for MP3 players, CDs, and other portable audio players, including the iPod. The major manufacturers in this changing and demanding industry require certain key competencies, which are:
 
 
·
leadership in innovation;
 
 
·
a powerful brand; and
 
 
·
global distribution.
 
Because our AEG products are primarily consumer goods sold in the retail channel, the holiday sales in the December quarter account for a seasonal spike in net revenues.
 
In fiscal 2008, our AEG product portfolio was not sufficiently competitive which resulted in lost market share and profitability.  This is the key factor affecting revenue as well as gross margin for our AEG segment and the Company as a whole.  While some new products, such as the iM600, began shipping and are being well received, the portfolio as a whole needs to be substantially refreshed.  The AEG Docking Audio product line faced the most severe competition and declined the most in terms of revenue, while the PC Audio line experienced a smaller decline.
 
 Markets
 
Docking Audio
 
Our Docking Audio market provides the largest revenue source in the AEG business, and includes all speakers whether AC or battery-powered that work with portable digital players, such as iPod or MP3 players under the inMotionTM brand, and also portable speakers for use with other audio solutions such as for satellite radios. We believe there is a significant growth opportunity for us driven by the growth of the MP3 player and cellular markets.  Our future growth in this market depends on the growth of the MP3 player market, our ability to successfully attach to new generations of MP3 players, and to design and develop competitively priced products that keep up with this rapidly developing and highly competitive market.
 
PC Audio
 
Our second largest overall market in the AEG business in terms of revenue is the PC Audio market, first identified with the PC-speaker.  PC Audio, or “active powered” products are defined as self-powered speaker systems used for computers and other multi-media application systems. Typical applications of PC Audio products include PC audio, gaming and home theater. We believe there are opportunities for this market to grow if:
 
 
·
we continue efforts to maintain our strength in this category, domestically, while expanding into international markets; and
 
 
·
introduce new products  that incorporate breakthrough technologies and designs.


Other
 
 
·
The remainder of the AEG products, which represent a small portion of total AEG net revenues, include speech recognition and VoIP (headsets) markets, a wide array of headphone products for portable stereos, CD players, MP3 players and other audio devices, and home audio and home theater products.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company transitioned the responsibility and management of Altec Lansing branded PC headsets from the AEG segment to the ACG segment, and as a result, effective July 1, 2007, the revenue and resulting gross profit from all PC headsets is now included in the ACG reporting segment within the Gaming and Computer Audio category.   

FOREIGN OPERATIONS
 
In fiscal 2006, 2007 and 2008 net revenues outside the U.S. accounted for approximately 36%, 39% and 39%, respectively, of our total net revenues.  Revenues derived from foreign sales generally are subject to additional risks such as fluctuations in exchange rates, increased tariffs, the imposition of other trade barriers, and potential currency restrictions. In fiscal 2008, we continued to engage in hedging activities to limit our transaction and economic exposures, and to mitigate our exchange rate risks.  We hedged a portion of our positions in the Euro and the Great British Pound, which constitute the most significant portion of our currency exposure.   Further information regarding our foreign operations, as required by Item 101(d) of Regulation S-K, can be found in the consolidated financial statements.
 
COMPETITION
 
The market for our products is very competitive and some of our competitors have significant financial resources, as well as  production, marketing, engineering and other capabilities to develop, manufacture, market and sell their products.
 
In the ACG segment, one of our primary competitors is GN Netcom, a subsidiary of GN Great Nordic Ltd., a Danish telecommunications conglomerate, who competes with us in the office, contact center, and mobile markets and on a limited scale, in the PC market.  In addition, Motorola and Logitech are significant competitors in the consumer headset market and Sennheiser Communications is a competitor in the computer, office and contact center markets.  We also believe there may be increased competition from the major cell phone device makers such as Nokia, Motorola, Sony and Samsung.
 
We believe the principal factors for ACG to be successful and competitive in each of its markets are the following:
 
 
·
Office market - performance, product design and style, comfort, simplicity, price and reliability.  We also believe that our brand, reputation and channels of distribution are important success factors;
 
 
·
Contact center market -  performance, reliability, price, comfort, style and support;
 
 
·
Mobile market - product styling, competitive pricing, simplicity of product operation, product reliability, product features, sound quality, comfort, fit, ability to meet delivery schedules, customer service and support, reputation, distribution, warranty terms, and product life;
 
 
·
Gaming and entertainment market - in retail channel, the primary factors for success are differentiated packaging, price, superior microphone and speaker performance and headset style and color ;
 
 
·
OEM business - key success factors are meeting unique requirements within customer timeframes, unique styling, excellent sound, product simplicity, price targets, and consistent quality with low defect rates; and
 
 
·
Specialty products - key success factors are performance, reliability, end-user support and price.
 
In the AEG segment, our major competitors include Bose, Apple, Logitech, Creative Labs, iHome, and Harman International. AEG predominantly serves the consumer electronics market. This market is principally served by the retail channel and, to a lesser extent, through certain OEMs. We are experiencing a new dynamic in the consumer electronics industry driven by the digital evolution that is influencing the way consumers look for solutions to their musical entertainment needs. Our key competition is coming from new and existing solution providers that offer a convenient, cost effective and lifestyle-compatible method of delivering content when people want it, where they want it, and how they want it.


We believe the principal factors for AEG to be successful and competitive in each of its markets are the following:
 
 
·
Our understanding of changing market trends, consumer needs, technologies and our ability to capitalize on the opportunities resulting from these market changes;
 
 
·
Bringing to market well-differentiated products that perform well against competitive offerings, price, style, brand, and effective displays in retail settings;
 
 
·
Efficient and cost-effective supply chain processes; and
 
 
·
Excellent channel service and support with a reputation for quality.
 
We believe that we have competed successfully with respect to these factors with our ACG products; however, we have not recently competed successfully with our AEG products.  As a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations have been adversely affected.  
 
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
 
We believe that the future success of our business depends upon our ability to enhance our existing products, to develop compelling new products, to develop cost effective products, to qualify these products with our customers, to successfully introduce these products to existing and new markets on a timely basis, and to commence and sustain volume production to meet customer demands.
 
During fiscal 2008, we developed innovative products that enabled us to better address changing customer demands and emerging market trends. Specifically, we introduced a number of new products, which featured new technologies to address both the ACG and AEG market trends. Our goal is to bring the right products to market at the right time, and we will continue to improve our development processes during fiscal 2009.
 
We are working to refresh nearly the entire line of Altec Lansing branded products over the next nine months.  We are refreshing our Docking Audio and PC Audio product lines and extending our product lines with integrated music and phone audio products, and home audio products.
 
We also have a number of new product and core technology development programs underway to further broaden our ACG product lines. Our product development processes for a number of products incorporate intelligent re-use of platform and product architecture hardware as well as software. During fiscal 2009, we will continue our efforts towards a lean development process through strategic architecting, common platforms, increased use of software tools, and better training.
 
The success of new product introductions is dependent on a number of factors, including appropriate new product selection, timely completion and introduction of new product designs, cost-effective manufacturing of such products, quality of new products, the acceptance of new technologies such as Bluetooth, and general market acceptance of new products.
Traditionally, the technology of telephone headsets has evolved slowly, and our product life cycles have historically been relatively long. The next generation products usually include stylistic changes and quality improvements, but these products are based on similar technology. Our newer emerging technology products, particularly in the mobile and computer markets, are exhibiting shorter life cycles more similar to the consumer electronics market and are consequently more sensitive to market trends and fashion.  With the acquisition of Altec Lansing, we have increased our consumer business in the electronics markets.  We believe that changes in technology will come at a faster pace. Our future success will be dependent, in part, on our ability to develop products that utilize new technologies and to adapt to changing market trends quickly. In addition, to avoid product obsolescence, we will continue to monitor technological changes in telephony, as well as users' demands for new technologies. Failure to keep pace with future technological changes adversely affected our AEG segment results in fiscal 2008.
 
During fiscal 2006, 2007 and 2008, we incurred approximately $62.8 million, $71.9 million and $77.0 million, respectively, in research, development and engineering expenses.  We conduct most of our research and development with an in-house staff, with limited use of contractors.  Key locations for our research and development staff are our facilities in the United States, Mexico, China, and the United Kingdom. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006, we opened a design facility in Suzhou, China, co-located with our  manufacturing facility, which is focusing primarily on ACG products.  In the second half of fiscal 2008, in conjunction with our restructuring of AEG’s China operations, we moved one of AEG’s research and development facilities which had been located in Dongguan, China to a new site located in Shenzhen, China.


SALES AND DISTRIBUTION
 
We maintain a direct sales force worldwide to provide ongoing customer support and service globally. We use commissioned manufacturers' representatives to assist in selling through the retail channel.  We have substantially integrated AEG into our ACG sales organization, and we are in the process of combining our sales organizations on a worldwide basis.

We have a well-established, multi-level worldwide distribution network to support our customers’ needs.  To more efficiently and effectively service customer orders, we have substantially integrated our distribution processes for our ACG and AEG businesses in order to take advantages of synergies, which has resulted in a reduced number of distribution centers.  We are continuing to evaluate our logistics processes, and are in the process of implementing new strategies to further reduce our transportation costs.  Currently, we have distribution centers located in the following countries:

 
·
Tijuana, Mexico, which provides logistics services for products destined to customers in the U.S., Canada, Asia Pacific, and Latin America regions;
 
·
Etten-Leur, Netherlands, which provides logistics services for products shipped to customers in Europe, Middle East and Africa market;
 
·
Milford, Pennsylvania, which provides logistics services for products which are primarily shipped to customers in the US;
 
·
Hong Kong, which provides logistics services for products which are shipped to our Tijuana, Mexico, Milford, Pennsylvania and Netherlands distribution centers as well as to customers located in Asia;
 
·
Suzhou, China, which provides logistics services for products which are shipped within Mainland China.

We use third party warehouses in Etten-Leur, Netherlands as well as in Hong Kong.  We operate all other warehouse facilities.

We have a broad, diverse group of customers whose businesses are located throughout the world.  Our principal customers are distributors, retailers, carriers, and OEMs. Our commercial distributors and retailers represent our first and second largest sales channels in terms of net revenues, respectively. Our two business segments share many of the same customers.  No customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated net revenues in fiscal 2006, 2007 or 2008.

Our commercial distributors include headset specialists, national wholesalers, and regional wholesalers. The wholesalers typically offer a wide variety of products from multiple vendors to both resellers and end users. Our commercial distribution channel generally maintains inventory of our products.
 
Our retail channel consists of consumer electronics retailers, consumer products retailers, office supply distributors; catalog and mail order companies; mass merchants; warehouse clubs; and wireless carrier stores. Our AEG products are predominantly distributed through retailers. In addition, ACG headsets are sold through retailers who sell headsets to corporate customers, small businesses, and to individuals who use them for a variety of personal and professional purposes.  Revenues from this channel are cyclical, with our third fiscal quarter typically being the strongest quarter. Our retail channel also maintains a substantial inventory of our products, and a substantial amount of our domestic retail partners manage inventories of both ACG and AEG products on consignment. 
Our telephony OEMs and manufacturers of automatic call distributor systems and other telecommunications and computer equipment providers also utilize our headsets. Contact center equipment OEMs do not typically manufacture their own peripheral products and, therefore, distribute our headsets under their own private label, or as a Plantronics-branded product. Mobile OEMs include both manufacturers of cell phones and wireless carriers. Wireless carriers do not manufacture headsets, but distribute our headsets as a Plantronics branded product or under their own private label.  Mobile OEMs, on the other hand, generally require their own design and will sell products under their private label.  

Our telephony service provider channel is comprised of telephone service providers that purchase headsets from us for use by their own agents. Certain service providers also resell headsets to their customers.

Computer OEMs include both manufacturers of computer hardware (including personal computers and specialized components and accessories for personal computers) and software.  Most computer OEMs do not manufacture headsets but look for manufacturers such as Plantronics to supply headsets that can be used with their products.
  
We also make direct sales as a General Services Administration (“GSA”) contractor to certain government agencies, including NASA and the FAA. In addition, certain distributors are authorized resellers under a GSA schedule price list and sell our products to government customers pursuant to that agreement.

Our products may also be purchased directly from our website at www.plantronics.com.


BACKLOG
 
Our backlog of unfilled orders was $35.5 million at March 31, 2008 compared to $40.7 million at March 31, 2007.  We include all purchase orders scheduled for delivery over the next 12 months in backlog. For both segments of our business, we have a “book and ship” business model whereby we fulfill the majority of our orders within 48 hours of our receipt of the order. Our backlog is occasionally subject to cancellation or rescheduling by the customer on short notice with little or no penalty. Because of our “book and ship” model, as well as the uncertainty of order cancellations or rescheduling, we do not believe our backlog as of any particular date is indicative of actual sales for any future period and, therefore, should not be used as a measure of future revenue.
 
MANUFACTURING AND SOURCES OF MATERIALS
 
Manufacturing operations for our ACG products consist primarily of assembly and testing.  We have two main manufacturing facilities, which are located in Tijuana, Mexico and a newer facility which was completed in fiscal 2006 in Suzhou, China.  We have substantially smaller assembly operations in California and one in the United Kingdom, which is in the process of being shut down. In addition, we outsource the manufacturing of a limited number of our products to third parties, typically in China and other countries in Asia.  

Prior to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, approximately half of  our AEG products were manufactured at a facility in Dongguan, China, and the remainder of the products were outsourced to a limited number of third party contract manufacturers who are predominantly located in China.  We shut down our Dongguan, China facility at the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2008 and were using third parties exclusively for manufacturing in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008.  During fiscal 2009, we intend to transition a limited amount of manufacturing of our AEG products to our Suzhou, China facility and will continue to use third party manufacturers.

We purchase the components for our ACG products, including proprietary semi-custom integrated circuits, amplifier boards and other electrical components, primarily from suppliers in Asia, Mexico, the United States, and Europe. We purchase the components for our AEG products from suppliers in China, which was managed from our Hong Kong office through the third quarter of fiscal 2008.  We are in the process of shutting down our Hong Kong office and have relocated our procurement office to Shenzhen, China.  The majority of our components and sub-assemblies used in our manufacturing operations are obtained, or are reasonably available, from dual-source suppliers, although we do have a certain number of sole-source suppliers.    
   
As a result of our restructuring activities in Hong Kong and China for our AEG products, we expect to be able to reduce manufacturing costs as well as costs associated with procurement activities.

We procure materials to meet forecasted customer requirements.  Special products and certain large orders are quoted for delivery after receipt of orders at specific lead times.  We maintain minimum levels of finished goods based on market demand in addition to inventories of raw materials, work in process, and sub-assemblies and components.  We write-down inventory items determined to be either excess or obsolete.
 
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
 
We have complied with European Union Directives on Restrictions on certain Hazardous Substances on electrical and electronic equipment (“ROHS”) and on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (“WEEE”) requirements. Additionally, we are compliant with the ROHS initiatives in China and Korea.
 
We are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations, including those governing the use, discharge and disposal of hazardous substances in the ordinary course of our manufacturing process. We believe that our current manufacturing operations comply in all material respects with applicable environmental laws and regulations. Although we believe that our current manufacturing operations comply in all material respects with applicable environmental laws and regulations, it is possible that future environmental legislation may be enacted or current environmental legislation may be interpreted to create environmental liability with respect to our other facilities, operations, or products.
 
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
 
We maintain a program of seeking patent protection for our technologies when we believe it is commercially appropriate. As of March 31, 2008, we had 403 worldwide patents in force, expiring between 2008 and 2022. 


Our success will depend in part on our ability to obtain patents and preserve other intellectual property rights covering the design and operation of our products. We intend to continue to seek patents on our inventions when appropriate. The process of seeking patent protection can be lengthy and expensive, and there can be no assurance that patents will be issued for currently pending or future applications or that our existing patents or any new patents issued will be of sufficient scope or strength or provide meaningful protection or any commercial advantage to us. We may be subject to, or may initiate, litigation or patent office interference proceedings, which may require significant financial and management resources. The failure to obtain necessary licenses or other rights or the advent of litigation arising out of any such intellectual property claims could have a material adverse effect on our operations.
 
We own trademark registrations in the United States and a number of other countries with respect to the Plantronics, Clarity and Altec Lansing trademarks as well as the names of many of our products and product features. We currently have United States and foreign trademark applications pending in connection with certain new products and product features.  We also attempt to protect our trade secrets and other proprietary information through comprehensive security measures, including agreements with customers and suppliers, and proprietary information agreements with employees and consultants. We may seek copyright protection where we believe it is applicable. We own a number of domain name registrations and intend to seek more. There can be no assurance that our existing or future copyright registrations, trademarks, trade secrets or domain names will be of sufficient scope or strength or provide meaningful protection or any commercial advantage to us.
 
EMPLOYEES
 
On March 31, 2008, we employed approximately 5,000 people worldwide, which includes approximately 2,800, and 900 employees at our manufacturing facilities in Tijuana, Mexico and Suzhou, China, respectively.  To our knowledge, no employees are currently covered by collective bargaining agreements. We have not experienced any work stoppages and believe that our employee relations are good.
 

Set forth below is certain information regarding the executive officers of Plantronics and their ages as of March 31, 2008.
 
NAME
 
AGE
 
POSITION
Ken Kannappan
 
48
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
Clay Hausmann
 
36
 
Vice President, Corporate Marketing
Don Houston
 
53
 
Senior Vice President, Sales
Barry Margerum
 
56
 
Chief Strategy Officer
Vicki Marion
 
54
 
President, Audio Entertainment Group
Renee Niemi
 
43
 
Vice President, General Manager, Mobile & Entertainment
Barbara Scherer
 
52
 
Senior Vice President, Finance & Administration and Chief Financial Officer
Joyce Shimizu
 
53
 
Vice President, General Manager Home & Home Office
Jim Sotelo
 
60
 
Vice President, Product Development & Technology
Carsten Trads
 
52
 
President, Clarity Equipment
Philip Vanhoutte
 
52
 
Managing Director, Europe, Middle East & Africa
Larry Wuerz
 
50
 
Senior Vice President, Worldwide Operations
Chuck Yort
 
49
 
Vice President, General Manager, B2B Solutions

Mr. Kannappan joined Plantronics in February 1995 as Vice President of Sales and was promoted to various positions prior to being named President and Chief Operating Officer in March 1998.  In January 1999, he was promoted to Chief Executive Officer and appointed to the Board of Directors.  Prior to joining Plantronics, Mr. Kannappan was Senior Vice President of Investment Banking for Kidder, Peabody & Co. Incorporated, where he was employed from August 1985 through January 1995. Mr. Kannappan has a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from Yale University and a Master of Business Administration from Stanford University. Mr. Kannappan is also a Director of Mattson Technology, Inc., a supplier of advanced process equipment for the semiconductor industry.
 
Mr. Hausmann joined Plantronics in May 2005 as Vice President, Corporate Communications and was promoted to Vice President, Corporate Marketing in May 2006.  Prior to joining Plantronics, Mr. Hausmann served as Managing Director of the San Francisco and Los Angeles Offices of Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide.  Mr. Hausmann has a Bachelor of Arts degree in Broadcast Journalism from the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications at Syracuse University.
 
Mr. Houston joined Plantronics in November 1996 as Vice President of Sales and was promoted to Senior Vice President of Sales in March 1998. From February 1995 through November 1996, Mr. Houston served as Vice President of Worldwide Sales for Proxima Corporation, a designer, developer, manufacturer and marketer of multi-media projection products. From 1985 until January 1995, Mr. Houston held a number of positions at Calcomp, Inc., which is engaged in the business of manufacturing computer peripherals for the CAD and graphic market, including Regional Sales Manager and Vice President of Sales, Service and Marketing. Prior to 1985, Mr. Houston held various sales and marketing management positions with IBM Corporation. Mr. Houston graduated from the University of Arizona with a Bachelor of Science degree in Business/Marketing.


Mr. Margerum joined Plantronics in 1994 as Vice President of Marketing and was promoted in 1996 to President and General Manager of the Computer and Mobile Systems Group.  In 1997, he left Plantronics to become President and CEO of Euphonix, Inc., a public company in the high end audio equipment space.  In July 2000, he re-joined Plantronics and in October 2004 became Vice President of Strategy and Business Development and in January 2008 he was named Chief Strategy Officer.  Prior to joining Plantronics, from 1989 to 1994, Mr. Margerum was Vice President of Marketing for GRiD Systems Corporation, a lap top computer manufacturer, where he held a variety of marketing and sales positions in his eight year tenure and then President and CEO of Mitem Corporation, a middleware software company.  Mr. Margerum also worked for Apple, Inc. and IBM Corp.  Mr. Margerum holds a Bachelor of Science in Engineering from Princeton University and a Master of Business Administration from Stanford University.

Ms. Marion joined Plantronics in October 2007 as President of the Audio Entertainment Group.  Prior to joining Plantronics, Ms. Marion held CEO positions at Jabra Corporation and Viadux, Inc. Ms. Marion also held senior management positions at IRT Corporation. Most recently, Ms. Marion was an angel investor, director and advisor for Rivet International.  Ms. Marion holds a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from Stanford University.

Ms. Niemi joined Plantronics in 2003 with nearly 17 years experience in the mobile computing and communications industries. A veteran of Silicon Valley, Ms. Niemi has held senior positions with companies such as Danger, Inc., Visto Corporation, Mobilesys, Inc., Xircom and NEC Technologies. Ms. Niemi also spent close to seven years at Xircom, Inc., where she served as Vice President of Worldwide Marketing, responsible for branding, product strategy, market development, e-commerce, and marketing. Ms. Niemi graduated from Santa Clara University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering.  She also earned a certificate in General Management for High Technology from Stanford University’s IEEE Joint Program.
 
Ms. Scherer joined Plantronics in March 1997 as Vice President of Finance & Administration and Chief Financial Officer. In 1998, Ms. Scherer was promoted to Senior Vice President of Finance & Administration and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining us, Ms. Scherer held various executive management positions in the data storage industry, principally with Micropolis Corporation, did strategic planning with the Boston Consulting Group, and was a member of the corporate finance team at ARCO. Ms. Scherer has Bachelor degrees in Economics and in Environmental Studies from the University of California, Santa Barbara and received a Master of Business Administration from the Yale School of Organization and Management.  Ms. Scherer is also a Director of Keithley Instruments Inc, a supplier of measurement and testing devices.
 
Ms. Shimizu joined Plantronics in July 1983, and in the fall of 2005 was named Vice President, General Manager of the Home and Home Office Business Group.  Prior to this promotion, she served as our Vice President of Strategic Portfolio and Product Management since the fall of 2003.  She also previously served as our President of the Mobile Communications product group. From 1995 to 1999, Ms. Shimizu was the Senior Marketing Director for the Computer and Mobile Systems product group, the predecessor to the Mobile Communications product group. Ms. Shimizu held various positions prior to 1995 in our marketing and sales organizations. Ms. Shimizu received a Bachelor's degree in Japanese from the University of California, Los Angeles and a Master of Business Administration from the Monterey Institute of International Studies.
 
Mr. Sotelo joined Plantronics in August of 2002 as Sr. Director, Electrical Engineering and in 2004 he was promoted to Vice President, Engineering. In March 2007 he was promoted to his current position of Vice President, Product Development & Technology. Prior to joining Plantronics, Mr. Sotelo held various senior level management positions with Trimble Navigation, Aeris.net, and CSI Wireless. He has extensive experience in Engineering and Product Planning, and over 17 years experience in wireless technologies.  Mr. Sotelo holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Mathematics from the University of California, Berkeley and a Master of Science in Electrical Engineering, with a focus in Communications, from the University of Santa Clara.
 
Mr. Trads joined Clarity (formerly Walker-Ameriphone) in September 2003 as President.  From 1994 until joining Plantronics, Mr. Trads held various positions within GN ReSound, a manufacturer of hearing aids and audiological measurement equipment.  From 1998 to 2003, Mr. Trads served as President of GN ReSounds’ North American operation and from 1994 until 1998 he served as a Senior Vice President at its headquarters in Copenhagen, Denmark, where he was a member of the executive management committee and the global management group and also led the sales and marketing organization.  From 1991 to 1994 Mr. Trads was Vice President of Sales and Marketing for Dancall Radio A/S, a manufacturer of cell phones and cordless phones. From 1985 to 1991, he held management positions in the distribution and marketing divisions of Bang and Olufsen Group, a global manufacturer of consumer electronics. He holds a degree in Business Administration and Management from the Copenhagen Business School in Denmark.


Mr. Vanhoutte joined Plantronics in September 2003 as Managing Director of EMEA.  From October 2001 until September 2003 he served as Corporate Vice President of Marketing at Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications.  From October 2000 to October 2001, Mr. Vanhoutte served as Vice President of Strategic Market Development at Ericsson’s Personal Communications Division.  From December 1998 until September 2000, he served as Senior Vice President of Products, Marketing and Sales at MCI WorldCom’s International Division in London.  From November 1994 until December 1998 Mr. Vanhoutte held various marketing and general management positions at Dell Computer Corporation including, General Manager for the Business Systems Division in the United States, Managing Director for Dell Direct in the United Kingdom and Ireland and Vice President of Products, Marketing & Services for EMEA.  Beginning in June 1991 he worked for Nokia Data as Vice President of Marketing, which was merged into Fujitsu-ICL Systems Inc. where he continued as Vice President of Marketing, Personal Systems and Client-Server Division until November 1994. From 1985 until May 1991 Mr. Vanhoutte worked in various European marketing and division manager roles with Wang Laboratories.  He started his career at Arthur Andersen’s Benelux Information Consulting Division in 1977 where he specialized in structured programming and office automation.  Mr. Vanhoutte studied Applied Economics and Engineering at the University of Leuven, Belgium.
 
Mr. Yort joined Plantronics in June 2005 as Vice President and General Manager of B2B Solutions.  Prior to joining Plantronics, Mr. Yort was Vice President of Business Development at Venturi Wireless, where he led strategic relations with mobile wireless carriers and infrastructure players. Before Venturi, he was the Vice President of Business Development and Marketing at PolyFuel, Inc., a pioneer in direct methanol fuel cell-powered products. From 1998 to 2000, Mr. Yort directed Palm, Inc.’s enterprise business as its general manager. He has also held management positions at 3Com, HP and Inmac.  Mr. Yort has a Master of Business Administration from Stanford University's Graduate School of Business,and Bachelor of  Science in Engineering, and Bachelor of Arts degrees from Princeton University.
 
Executive officers serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors. There are no family relationships between any of the directors and executive officers of Plantronics.
 
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
 
Investors in our stock should carefully consider the following risk factors in connection with any investment in our stock.   Our stock price will reflect the performance of our business relative to, among other things, our competition, expectations of securities analysts or investors, and general economic market conditions and industry conditions.  Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected if any of the following risks occur. Accordingly, the trading price of our stock could decline, and investors could lose all or part of their investment.
 
Our operating results are difficult to predict and fluctuations may cause volatility in the trading price of our common stock.

Given the nature of the markets in which we compete, our revenues and profitability are difficult to predict for many reasons, including the following:
 
 
·
our operating results are highly dependent on the volume and timing of orders received during the quarter, which are difficult to forecast. Customers generally order on an as-needed basis, and we typically do not obtain firm, long-term purchase commitments from our customers. As a result, our revenues in any quarter depend primarily on orders booked and shipped in that quarter;
 
 
 
·
we incur a large portion of our costs in advance of sales orders because we must plan research and production, order components and enter into development, sales and marketing, and other operating commitments prior to obtaining firm commitments from our customers. In the event we acquire too much inventory for certain products, the risk of future inventory write-downs increases. In the event we have inadequate inventory to meet the demand for particular products, we may miss significant revenue opportunities or incur significant expenses such as air freight, expediting shipments, and other negative variances in our manufacturing processes as we attempt to make up for the shortfall.  When a significant portion of our revenue is derived from new products, forecasting the appropriate volumes of production is even more difficult;
 
 
 
·
in the ACG segment, our prices and gross margins are generally lower for sales to Business-to-Consumer (“B2C”) customers compared to sales to our Business-to-Business (“B2B”) customers. In addition, our prices and gross margins can vary significantly by product line as well as within product lines.  Therefore, our profitability depends, in part, on the mix of our B2B to B2C customers as well as our product mix.  In the AEG segment, our prices and gross margins are generally lower for our PC Audio products than our Docking Audio products.  Therefore, our profitability depends, in part, on our mix of PC Audio to Docking Audio products.  The size and timing of  our product mix and opportunities in these markets are difficult to predict;
 
 
 
·
we are working [to refresh virtually the entire AEG product line]; however, market adoption of new products is difficult to predict;
 
 
·
a significant portion of our annual retail sales for AEG generally occur in the third fiscal quarter, thereby increasing the difficulty of predicting revenues and profitability from quarter to quarter and in managing inventory levels;
 
 
·
fluctuations in currency exchange rates impact our revenues and profitability because we report our financial statements in U.S. dollars, whereas a significant portion of our sales to customers are transacted in other currencies, particularly the Euro and Great British Pound (“GBP”). Furthermore, fluctuations in foreign currencies impact our global pricing strategy resulting in our lowering or raising selling prices in a currency in order to avoid disparity with U.S. dollar prices and to respond to currency-driven competitive pricing actions. We have experienced a significant favorable impact on our gross profit in fiscal 2008 as a result of the strength of the Euro and GBP.  Currency exchange rates are difficult to predict, and we may not be able to either predict changes in exchange rates in the future and our gross profit and profitability could be negatively impacted in the future by currency exchange rates;
 
 
·
because we have significant manufacturing operations in Mexico and China, fluctuations in currency exchange rates in those two countries can impact our gross profit and profitability.
 
Fluctuations in our operating results may cause volatility in the trading price of our common stock.
 
Economic conditions have been declining and there is a risk of a recession.

Our products and markets are subject to general economic conditions, and if there is a slowing of national or international economic growth or an increase in inflation, our forecasted demand may not materialize to the levels we require to achieve our anticipated financial results, which could in turn have a material adverse effect on the market price of our stock.  In addition, we may receive returns from our retailers of products in excess of our historical experience rate. Should product returns vary significantly from our estimate, estimated revenues may be negatively impacted since returns net against revenue.  Failure to meet our anticipated demand could also result in excess levels of inventory, which could result in additional reserves for excess and obsolete inventory, which would negatively impact our financial results.

The failure of our suppliers to provide quality components or services in a timely manner could adversely affect our results.

Our growth and ability to meet customer demands depend in part on our ability to obtain timely deliveries of raw materials, components, sub-assemblies and products from our suppliers. We buy raw materials, components and sub-assemblies from a variety of suppliers and assemble them into finished products. We also have certain of our products manufactured for us by third party suppliers. The cost, quality, and availability of such goods are essential to the successful production and sale of our products. Obtaining raw materials, components, sub-assemblies and finished products entails various risks, including the following:

 
·
prices of certain raw materials, components and sub-assemblies may rise or fall depending upon global market conditions.  In general, we are experiencing a net increase in the costs of these components.  If we are unable to pass these increases on to our customers or to achieve operating efficiencies that offset these increases, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected;

 
·
rapid increases in production levels to meet unanticipated demand for our products could result in higher costs for components and sub-assemblies, increased expenditures for freight to expedite delivery of required materials, and higher overtime costs and other expenses. These higher expenditures could lower our profit margins. Further, if production is increased rapidly, there may be decreased manufacturing yields, which may also lower our margins;

 
·
we obtain certain raw materials, sub-assemblies, components and products from single suppliers and alternate sources for these items are not readily available. Any failure of our suppliers to remain in business or to be able to purchase the raw materials, subcomponents and parts required by them to produce and provide to us the parts we need could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations;

 
·
although we generally use standard raw materials, parts and components for our products, the high development costs associated with emerging wireless technologies permit us to work with only a single source of silicon chip-sets on any particular new product. We, or our supplier(s) of chip-sets, may experience challenges in designing, developing and manufacturing components in these new technologies which could affect our ability to meet market schedules. Due to our dependence on single suppliers for certain chip sets, we could experience higher prices, a delay in development of the chip-set, or the inability to meet our customer demand for these new products. Additionally, these suppliers or other suppliers may discontinue production of the parts we depend on.  If this occurs, we may have difficulty obtaining sufficient product to meet our needs.  This could cause us to fail to meet customer expectations.  If customers turn to our competitors to meet their needs, there could be a long-term adverse impact on our revenues and profitability.  Our business, operating results and financial condition could therefore be materially adversely affected as a result of these factors;


 
·
because of the lead times required to obtain certain raw materials, sub-assemblies, components and products from certain foreign suppliers, we may not be able to react quickly to changes in demand, potentially resulting in either excess inventories of such goods or shortages of the raw materials, sub-assemblies, components and products. Lead times are particularly long on silicon-based components incorporating radio frequency and digital signal processing technologies and such components are an increasingly important part of our product costs.  In particular, many B2C customer orders have shorter lead times than the component lead times, making it increasingly necessary to carry more inventory in anticipation of those orders, which may not materialize.  Failure in the future to match the timing of purchases of raw materials, sub-assemblies, components and products to demand could increase our inventories and/or decrease our revenues, and could  materially adversely affecting our business, financial condition and results of operations;

 
·
most of our suppliers are not obligated to continue to provide us with raw materials, components and sub-assemblies.  Rather, we buy most raw materials, components and subassemblies on a purchase order basis. If our suppliers experience increased demand or shortages, it could affect deliveries to us. In turn, this would affect our ability to manufacture and sell products that are dependent on those raw materials, components and subassemblies.  Any such shortages would materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Acquisition, integration, and restructuring of Altec Lansing Technologies, Inc., which comprise a significant portion of AEG, has had and may continue to have an adverse effect on our financial condition.

There are inherent risks associated with our acquisition of Altec Lansing that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The risks faced in connection with this acquisition include among others:
 
 
·
developing new product.  We believe that the turnaround for AEG is largely dependent on the development of a new product portfolio.   We are currently working on the new portfolio which we are anticipating will be fully completed in December 2009 although ongoing refreshes on a routine basis after that will also be required.  The development of these new products may not evolve as anticipated.  There can be no assurance that these new products will be successful, and, during the time we are developing the new products,  our competitors and selling products to our customers and increasing their market share;
 
 
·
controlling costs in the AEG business and making business operations more efficient in order to increase profitability.  We are in the process of restructuring AEG’s China operations. During the last quarter, we closed AEG’s manufacturing facility in Dongguan, China; initiated plans to shut down a related Hong Kong research and development, sales and procurement office; and consolidated procurement, research and development activities for AEG in a new Shenzhen, China site which we began to use in the fourth quarter.  The selling, general and administrative functions of AEG have been consolidated with those of ACG throughout the Asia-Pacific region.  These steps are part of a strategic initiative designed to reduce fixed costs by outsourcing the majority of AEG manufacturing to the network of qualified contract manufacturers already in place. In addition, we continue to review AEG’s cost structure and may implement additional cost-cutting initiatives in the future.  There is a risk that the consolidation of the AEG Asian operations may cost more than we currently expect. There is also a risk that the savings that we currently predict may not materialize and that the timing of costs and benefits may be different than what we currently expect. If the cost of consolidation is more than we currently anticipate or the savings that we currently anticipate from these activities do not materialize, our future financial results may be adversely affected;
 
 
·
the potential loss of key employees of Altec Lansing and Plantronics.  As a result of our restructuring, we are relocating many of our research and development engineers and procurement staff from Dongguan, China and Hong Kong into a Shenzhen, China facility.  As a result of this change, we may lose key personnel which could negatively impact our new AEG product portfolio refresh;
 
 
·
competition may continue to increase in AEG’s markets more than we expect;
 
 
·
meeting the spring and fall market windows for AEG products;
 
 
·
difficulties retaining or obtaining shelf space for these products in our sales channel;
 
 
 
·
difficulties retaining or improving the brand recognition associated with the Altec Lansing brand during the turnaround;
 
 
·
difficulties in integration of the operations, technologies, and products of Altec Lansing.  We have transitioned a significant portion of Altec Lansing’s operations onto our  ERP system; however, we have not completed our integration effort. There has been a significant cost to implement new systems and business processes.  We anticipate that there will continue to be significant business processes and internal controls which will change as a result of the integration.
 
Mergers and acquisitions, particularly those of technology companies, are inherently risky, and no assurance can be given that this or any future acquisitions will be successful and will not materially adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition. We must also manage any acquisition-related growth effectively. In fiscal 2007 and 2008, we incurred significant losses from the AEG business.  If the anticipated future results of this business do not materialize as expected or if we miss our internal milestones in the turnaround, goodwill and other intangible assets which were recorded as a result of the acquisition could become impaired and could result in write-offs which would negatively impact our operating results.

If we do not match production to demand, we may lose business or our gross margins could be materially adversely affected.

Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, frequent new product introductions, short-term customer commitments and rapid changes in demand. We determine production levels based on our forecasts of demand for our products. Actual demand for our products depends on many factors, which makes it difficult to forecast. We have experienced differences between our actual and our forecasted demand in the past and expect differences to arise in the future. Significant unanticipated fluctuations in supply or demand and the global trend towards consignment of products could cause the following operating problems, among others:

 
·
if forecasted demand does not develop, we could have excess inventory and excess capacity.  Over-forecast of demand could result in higher inventories of finished products, components and sub-assemblies. In addition, because our retail customers have pronounced seasonality, we must build inventory well in advance of the December quarter in order to stock up for the anticipated future demand.  If we were unable to sell these inventories, we would have to write off some or all of our inventories of excess products and unusable components and sub-assemblies. Excess manufacturing capacity could lead to higher production costs and lower margins;

 
·
if demand increases beyond that forecasted, we would have to rapidly increase production. We currently depend on suppliers to provide additional volumes of components and sub-assemblies, and we are experiencing greater dependence on single source suppliers; therefore, we might not be able to increase production rapidly enough to meet unexpected demand.  There could be short-term losses of sales while we are trying to increase production;

 
·
the production and distribution of Bluetooth and other wireless headsets presents many significant manufacturing, marketing and other operational risks and uncertainties:

 
·
our dependence on third parties to supply key components, many of which have long lead times;

 
·
our ability to forecast demand for the variety of products within this new product category for which relevant data is incomplete or unavailable;

 
·
 longer lead times with suppliers than commitments from some of our customers.
 
 
·
if we are unable to deliver products on time to meet the market window of our retail customers, we will lose opportunities to increase revenues and profits or we may incur penalties for late delivery.  We may also be unable to sell these finished goods, which would result in excess or obsolete inventory;
 
 
·
we are increasing the use of design and manufacturing of Bluetooth headset products at our new facilities in China.  Development of new wireless products and ramping of production can be complex.  Unexpected difficulties may arise.  Failure to meet our planned design deadlines or production quantities for new or existing products can adversely affect our financial results;

 
·
increasing production beyond planned capacity involves increased tooling, test equipment and hiring and training additional staff. Lead times to increase tooling and test equipment are typically several months, or more. Once such additional capacity is in place, we incur increased depreciation and the resulting overhead. Should we fail to ramp production once capacity is in place, we would not be able to absorb this incremental overhead, and this could lead to lower gross margins;


 
·
we are working on a new initiative to re-engineer our supply chain by implementing new product forecasting systems, increasing automation within supply chain activities, improving the integrity of our supply chain data, and creating dashboards in order to improve our ability to match production to demand.  If we are not able to successfully implement this initiative, we may not be able to meet demand or compete effectively with other companies who have successfully implemented similar initiatives.

Any of the foregoing problems could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
We have significant goodwill and intangible assets recorded on our balance sheet.  If the carrying value of our goodwill or intangible assets is not recoverable, an impairment loss must be recognized, which would adversely affect our financial results.

As a result of the acquisition of Altec Lansing and Volume Logic in fiscal 2006, we have significant goodwill and intangible assets recorded on our balance sheet. Certain events or changes in circumstances, such as our decision in fiscal 2008 to exit the Professional Audio business, would require us to assess the recoverability of the carrying amount of our goodwill and intangible assets. We wrote off approximately $0.5 million in intangible assets associated with the Professional Audio product line in the AEG segment in September 2007.

The results of operations for the AEG business have been negatively impacted by intense price competition, particularly in the Docking Audio products, and our new product introductions have not been as profitable as those in the prior years.  We have also had significant losses in fiscal 2007 and 2008 from excess and obsolete inventory and non-cancelable purchase commitments.  If we are unable to successfully introduce new, profitable products and align the cost structure to the revenue base, our anticipated future cash flows from the AEG business could be negatively impacted.

We will continue to evaluate the recoverability of the carrying amount of our goodwill and intangible assets on an ongoing basis, and we may incur substantial impairment charges, which would adversely affect our financial results.  There can be no assurance that the outcome of such reviews in the future will not result in substantial impairment charges.

The success of our business depends heavily on our ability to effectively market our products, and our business could be materially adversely affected if markets do not develop as we expect.

We compete in the business market for the sale of our office and contact center products.  We believe that our greatest long-term opportunity for profit growth in ACG is in the office market, and our foremost strategic objective for this segment is to increase headset adoption. To this end, we are investing in creating new products that are more appealing in functionality and design as well as targeting certain vertical segments to increase sales.  If these investments do not generate incremental revenue, our business could be materially affected.  We are also experiencing a more aggressive and competitive environment with respect to price in our business markets, leading to increased order volatility which puts pressure on profitability and could result in a loss of market share if we do not respond effectively.

We also compete in the consumer market for the sale of our mobile, computer audio, gaming, Altec Lansing and Clarity products.  We believe that consumer marketing is highly relevant in the consumer market, which is dominated by large brands that have significant consumer mindshare.  We invested in marketing initiatives to raise awareness and consideration of the Plantronics’ products. We believe this will help increase preference for Plantronics and promote headset adoption overall.  The consumer market is characterized by relatively rapid product obsolescence, and we are at risk if we do not have the right products at the right time to meet consumer needs.  In addition, some of our competitors have significant brand recognition, and we are experiencing more competition in pricing actions, which can result in significant losses and excess inventory.

If we are unable to stimulate growth in our business and consumer markets, if our costs to stimulate demand do not generate incremental profit, or if we experience significant price competition, our  business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could suffer.  In addition, failure to effectively market our products to customers in these markets could lead to lower and more volatile revenue and earnings, excess inventory and the inability to recover the associated development costs, any of which could also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our business will be materially adversely affected if we are not able to develop, manufacture and market new products in response to changing customer requirements and new technologies.

The market for our products is characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, short product life cycles and frequent new product introductions. As a result, we must continually introduce new products and technologies and enhance existing products in order to remain competitive, particularly with respect to our AEG business.


The technology used in our products is evolving more rapidly now than it has historically, and we anticipate that this trend may accelerate. Historically, the technology used in lightweight communications headsets and speakers has evolved slowly. New products have primarily offered stylistic changes and quality improvements rather than significant new technologies. Our increasing reliance and focus on the consumer market has resulted in a growing portion of our products incorporating new technologies, experiencing shorter lifecycles and a need to offer deeper product lines. We believe this is particularly true for our newer emerging technology products especially in the speaker, mobile, computer, residential and certain parts of the office markets.  In particular, we anticipate a trend towards more integrated solutions that combine audio, video, and software functionality, while currently our focus is limited to audio products.

We are also experiencing a trend away from corded headsets to cordless products.  In general, our corded headsets have had higher gross margins than our cordless products, but the margin on cordless headsets, particularly in mobile, is trending higher.  In addition, we expect that office phones will begin to incorporate Bluetooth functionality, which would open the market to consumer Bluetooth headsets and reduce the demand for our traditional office telephony headsets and adapters as well as impacting potential revenues from our own wireless headset systems, resulting in lost revenue and lower margins.  Should we not be able to maintain the higher margins on our cordless products that we recently achieved, our revenue and profits will decrease.

In addition, innovative technologies such as unified communications have moved the platform for certain of our products from our customers’ closed proprietary systems to open platforms such as the personal computer. In turn, the personal computer has become more open as a result of such technologies as cloud computing and open source code development. As a result we are exposed to the risk that current and potential competitors could enter our markets and commoditize our products by offering similar products.

The success of our products depends on several factors, including our ability to:
 
 
·
anticipate technology and market trends;
 
 
·
develop innovative new products and enhancements on a timely basis;
 
 
·
distinguish our products from those of our competitors;
 
 
·
create industrial design that appeals to our customers and end-users;
 
 
·
manufacture and deliver high-quality products in sufficient volumes;
 
 
·
price our products competitively.
 
If we are unable to develop, manufacture, market and introduce enhanced or new products in a timely manner in response to changing market conditions or customer requirements, including changing fashion trends and styles, it will materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.  Furthermore, as we develop new generations of products more quickly, we expect that the pace of product obsolescence will increase concurrently.  The disposition of inventories of excess or obsolete products may result in reductions to our operating margins and materially adversely affect our earnings and results of operations.

We depend on original design manufacturers and contract manufacturers who may not have adequate capacity to fulfill our needs or may not meet our quality and delivery objectives.

Original design manufacturers and contract manufacturers produce key portions of our product lines for us. Beginning in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, most of our AEG products were produced by contract manufacturers.  Our reliance on these original design manufacturers and contract manufacturers involves significant risks, including reduced control over quality and logistics management, the potential lack of adequate capacity and loss of services. Financial instability of our manufacturers or contractors could result in our having to find new suppliers, which could increase our costs and delay our product deliveries. These manufacturers and contractors may also choose to discontinue building our products for a variety of reasons.  Consequently, we may experience delays in the timeliness, quality and adequacy of product deliveries, any of which could harm our business and operating results.

Reductions in demand for iPod products, which are produced by Apple, Inc., may reduce demand for certain of our Docking Audio products.

Certain of our Docking Audio products marketed under our Altec Lansing brand were developed for use with Apple, Inc.’s (“Apple”) iPod products.  We have a non-exclusive right to use the Apple interface with certain of our Docking Audio products, and we are required to pay Apple a royalty for this right.  The risks faced in conjunction with our Apple related products include, among others:
 
 
·
if supply or demand for iPod products decreases, demand for certain of our Docking Audio products could be negatively affected;
 
 
 
·
if Apple does not renew or cancels our licensing agreement, our products may not be compatible with iPods, resulting in loss of revenues and excess inventories which would negatively impact our financial results;
 
 
·
if Apple changes its iPod product design more frequently than we update certain of our Docking Audio products, certain of our products may not be compatible with the changed design.  Moreover, if Apple makes style changes to its products more frequently than we update certain of our Docking Audio products, consumers may not like the look of our products with the iPod.  Both of these factors could result in decreased demand for our products and excess inventories could result which would negatively impact our financial results;
 
 
·
Apple has introduced its own line of iPod speaker products, which compete with certain of our  Altec Lansing branded speaker products.  As the manufacturer of the iPod, Apple has unique advantages with regard to product changes or introductions that we do not possess, which could negatively impact our ability to compete effectively against Apple’s speaker products.  Moreover, certain consumers may prefer to buy Apple’s iPod speakers rather than other vendors’ speakers because Apple is the manufacturer.  As a result, this could lead to decreased demand for our products and excess inventories could result which would negatively impact our financial results;
 
 
·
Similar risks exist for MP3 players manufactured by companies other than Apple.
 
We sell our products through various channels of distribution that can be volatile and failure to establish successful relationships with our channel partners could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We sell substantially all of our products through distributors, retailers, OEMs and telephony service providers. Our existing relationships with these parties are not exclusive and can be terminated by either party without cause. Our channel partners also sell or can potentially sell products offered by our competitors. To the extent that our competitors offer our channel partners more favorable terms or more compelling products, such partners may decline to carry, de-emphasize or discontinue carrying our products. In the future, we may not be able to retain or attract a sufficient number of qualified channel partners. Further, such partners may not recommend, or continue to recommend, our products. In the future, our OEMs or potential OEMs may elect to manufacture their own products, similar to those we currently sell to them. The inability to establish or maintain successful relationships with distributors, OEMs, retailers and telephony service providers or to expand our distribution channels could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

As a result of the growth of our B2C business, our customer mix is changing and certain retailers, OEMs and wireless carriers are becoming more significant.  This greater reliance on certain large channel partners could increase the volatility of our revenues and earnings. In particular, we have several large customers whose order patterns are difficult to predict. Offers and promotions by these customers may result in significant fluctuations of their purchasing activities over time.  If we are unable to anticipate the purchase requirements of these customers, our  revenues may be adversely affected or we may be exposed to large volumes of inventory that cannot be immediately resold to other customers.

We have strong competitors and expect to face additional competition in the future. If we are unable to compete effectively, our results of operations may be adversely affected.

Certain of our markets are intensely competitive. They are characterized by a trend of declining average selling prices, competition on sales terms and conditions, and continual performance, technical and  feature  enhancements  by our competitors in the  retail market. Also, aggressive industry pricing practices have resulted in downward pressure on margins from both our primary competitors as well as from less established brands.

Currently, our single largest competitor is GN Store Nord A/S (“GN”), a Danish telecommunications conglomerate. We are currently experiencing more price competition from GN in the business markets than in the past.  Motorola is a significant competitor in the consumer headset market, primarily in the mobile Bluetooth market, and has a brand name that is very well known and supported with significant marketing investments. Motorola also benefits from the ability to bundle other offerings with their headsets.  We are also experiencing additional competition from other consumer electronics companies that currently manufacture and sell mobile phones or computer peripheral equipment. These competitors generally are larger, offer broader product lines, bundle or integrate with other products’ communications headset tops and bases manufactured by them or others, offer products containing bases that are incompatible with our headset tops and have substantially greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do.

Competitors in audio devices vary by product line.   The most competitive product line is headsets for cell phones where we compete with Motorola, Nokia, GN’s Jabra brand, Sony Ericsson, Samsung, Jawbone, and Belkin among many others.  Many of these competitors have substantially greater resources than we have, and each of whom has established market positions in this business. In the PC and office and contact center markets, the largest competitor is GN, as well as Sennheiser Communications.   For PC and gaming headset applications, our primary competitor is Logitech.  In the Audio Entertainment business, competitors include Bose, Apple, Logitech, Creative Labs, iHome, and Harman International.


Our product markets are intensely competitive and market leadership changes frequently as a result of new products, designs and pricing.  We also expect to face additional competition from companies, principally located in Asia Pacific, which offer very low cost headset products, including products that are modeled on, or are direct copies of our products. These new competitors are likely to offer very low cost products, which may result in pricing pressure in the market. If market prices are substantially reduced by such new entrants into the headset market, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

If we do not continue to distinguish our products, particularly our retail products, through distinctive, technologically advanced features, and design, as well as continue to build and strengthen our brand recognition, our business could be harmed.   If we do not otherwise compete effectively, demand for our products could decline, our gross margins could decrease, we could lose market share, and our revenues and earnings could decline.

We are subject to environmental laws and regulations which expose us to a number of risks and could result in significant liabilities and costs.

There are multiple initiatives in several jurisdictions regarding the removal of certain potential environmentally sensitive materials from our products to comply with the European Union and other Directives on Restrictions on certain Hazardous Substances on electrical and electronic equipment (“ROHS”) and on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (“WEEE”).  In certain jurisdictions the ROHS legislation was enacted as of July 1, 2006; however, other jurisdictions have delayed implementation. While we believe that we will have the resources and ability to fully meet the requirements of the ROHS and WEEE directives universally, if unusual occurrences arise, or, if we are wrong in our assessment of what it will take to fully comply, there is a risk that we will not be able to comply with the legislation as passed by the EU member states or other global jurisdictions. If that were to happen, a material negative effect on our financial results may occur.

We are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations on a global basis, including those governing the use, discharge and disposal of hazardous substances in the ordinary course of our manufacturing process. Although we believe that our current manufacturing operations comply in all material respects with applicable environmental laws and regulations, it is possible that future environmental legislation may be enacted or current environmental legislation may be interpreted in any given country to create environmental liability with respect to our facilities, operations, or products.  To the extent that we incur claims for environmental matters exceeding reserves or insurance for environmental liability, our operating results could be negatively impacted.

Our products are subject to various regulatory requirements, and changes in such regulatory requirements may adversely impact our gross margins as we comply with such changes or reduce our ability to generate revenues if we are unable to comply.

Our products must meet the requirements set by regulatory authorities in the numerous jurisdictions in which we sell them. For example, certain of our office and contact center products must meet certain standards to work with local phone systems.  Certain of our wireless office and mobile products must work within existing frequency ranges permitted in various jurisdictions.  As regulations and local laws change, we must modify our products to address those changes. Regulatory restrictions may increase the costs to design,  manufacture and sell  our products, resulting in a decrease in our margins or a decrease in demand for our products if the costs are passed along. Compliance with regulatory restrictions may impact the technical quality and capabilities of our products reducing their marketability.

Our stock price may be volatile and the value of your investment in Plantronics stock could be diminished.

The market price for our common stock may continue to be affected by a number of factors, including:
 
 
·
uncertain economic conditions, including the possibility of a domestic and global recession, inflationary pressures,  and the decline in investor confidence in the market place;
 
 
·
changes in our published forecasts of future results of operations;
 
 
·
quarterly variations in our or our competitors' results of operations and changes in market share;
 
 
·
the announcement of new products or product enhancements by us or our competitors;
 
 
·
the loss of services of one or more of our executive officers or other key employees;
 
 
 
·
changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by securities analysts;
 
 
·
developments in our industry;
 
 
·
sales of substantial numbers of shares of our common stock in the public market;
 
 
·
the timing and success of the integration of the AEG business;
 
 
·
our ability to successfully complete the product refresh for the Altec Lansing products and turnaround the AEG business in a timeline consistent with our internal financial models;
 
 
·
general economic, political, and market conditions, including market volatility;
 
 
·
other factors unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our competitors.
 
Our corporate tax rate may increase, which could adversely impact our cash flow, financial condition and results of operations.

We have significant operations in various tax jurisdictions throughout the world, and a substantial portion of our taxable income historically has been generated in these jurisdictions. Currently, some of our operations are taxed at rates substantially lower than U.S. tax rates. If our income in these lower tax jurisdictions were no longer to qualify for these lower tax rates, if the applicable tax laws were rescinded or changed, or if the mix of our earnings shifts from lower rate jurisdictions to higher rate jurisdictions, our operating results could be materially adversely affected. While we are looking at opportunities to reduce our tax rate, there is no assurance that our tax planning strategies will be successful.  In addition, many of these strategies will require a period of time to implement.  Moreover, if U.S. or other foreign tax authorities change applicable foreign tax laws or successfully challenge the manner in which our profits are currently recognized, our overall taxes could increase, and our business, cash flow, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income tax positions. This interpretation requires the Company to recognize in the consolidated financial statements only those tax positions determined to be more likely than not of being sustained which has the potential to add more variability to our future effective tax rates.

We have significant foreign manufacturing operations which are inherently risky, and a significant amount of our revenues are generated internationally.

We completed construction of a manufacturing facility and design center in Suzhou, China,  in the fourth quarter of  fiscal 2006, and we are transitioning new products and outsourced production to our new facility to increase production.  If we are unable to effectively produce new products or to transition outsourced production into our Suzhou facility, we may be unable to meet demand for these products, and our margins on these products may decrease. There are risks in operating the Suzhou factory and expanding our competency in a rapidly evolving economy because, among other reasons, we may be unable to attract sufficient qualified personnel, intellectual property rights may not be enforced as we expect, electricity may not be available as contemplated or the like.  Should any of these risks occur, we may be unable to maximize the output from the facility and our financial results may decrease from our anticipated levels.  We also purchase a number of turnkey products directly from vendors in Asia. Further, most of our AEG products are manufactured by foreign vendors, primarily in China.  In addition, we assemble the majority of our ACG headsets in our manufacturing facility located in Tijuana, Mexico, and we obtain most of the components and sub-assemblies used in our products from various foreign suppliers.  The inherent risks of international operations, either in Mexico or in Asia, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We also generate a significant amount of our revenues from foreign customers.  The types of risks faced in connection with international operations and sales include, among others:
 
 
·
fluctuations in foreign exchange rates ;
 
 
·
cultural differences in the conduct of business;
 
 
·
greater difficulty in accounts receivable collection and longer collection periods;
 
 
·
impact of recessions in economies outside of the United States;
 
 
·
reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;
 
 
 
·
unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;
 
 
·
tariffs and other trade barriers;
 
 
·
political conditions in each country;
 
 
·
management and operation of an enterprise spread over various countries;
 
 
·
the burden and administrative costs of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws; and
 
 
·
currency restrictions.
 
We may be required to record impairment charges in future quarters as a result of the decline in value of our investments in auction rate securities.

We hold a variety of auction rate securities, or ARS, primarily comprised of interest bearing state sponsored student loan revenue bonds guaranteed by the Department of Education. Historically these ARS investments have provided liquidity via an auction process that resets the applicable interest rate at predetermined calendar intervals, typically every 7 or 35 days. The recent uncertainties in the credit markets have affected all of our holdings, and, as a consequence, the investments are not currently liquid. As a result, we will not be able to access these funds until a future auction of these investments is successful, the underlying securities are redeemed by the issuer, or a buyer is found outside of the auction process.  Maturity dates for these ARS investments range from 2029 to 2039.  During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, we determined there was a decline in the fair value of our ARS investments of $2.9 million, which was deemed temporary.
 
The valuation of our investment portfolio is subject to uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Factors that may impact its valuation include changes to credit rating, interest rate changes, and general liquidity in the Student Loan Market.
 
Although we currently have the ability to hold these ARS investments until a recovery of the auction process or until maturity, if the current market conditions deteriorate further, or the anticipated recovery in market values does not occur, we may incur further temporary impairment charges requiring us to record additional unrealized losses in other comprehensive income (loss).  We could also incur other-than-temporary impairment charges resulting in realized losses in our statement of operations which would reduce net income.

War, terrorism, public health issues or other business interruptions could disrupt supply, delivery or demand of products, which could negatively affect our operations and performance.

War, terrorism, public health issues or other business interruptions whether in the United States or abroad, have caused or could cause damage or disruption to international commerce by creating economic and political uncertainties that may have a strong negative impact on the global economy, our company, and our suppliers or customers.  Our major business operations are subject to interruption by earthquake, flood or other natural disasters, fire, power shortages, terrorist attacks, and other hostile acts, public health issues, and other events beyond our control.  Our corporate headquarters, information technology, manufacturing, certain research and development activities, and other critical business operations, are located near major seismic faults or flood zones.  While we are partially insured for earthquake-related losses or floods, our operating results and financial condition could be materially affected in the event of a major earthquake or other natural or manmade disaster.

Although it is impossible to predict the occurrences or consequences of any of the events described above, such events could significantly disrupt our operations.  In addition, should major public health issues, including pandemics, arise, we could be negatively impacted by the need for more stringent employee travel restrictions, limitations in the availability of freight services, governmental actions limiting the movement of products between various regions, delays in production ramps of new products, and disruptions in the operations of our manufacturing vendors and component suppliers.  Our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected by these events.

We have intellectual property rights that could be infringed by others, and we are potentially at risk of infringement of the intellectual property rights of others.

Our success will depend in part on our ability to protect our copyrights, patents, trademarks, trade dress, trade secrets, and other intellectual property, including our rights to certain domain names. We rely primarily on a combination of nondisclosure agreements and other contractual provisions as well as patent, trademark, trade secret, and copyright laws to protect our proprietary rights. Effective trademark, patent, copyright, and trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which our products and media properties are distributed to customers.  The process of seeking intellectual property protection can be lengthy and expensive. Patents may not be issued in response to our applications, and any patents that may be issued  may be invalidated, circumvented or challenged by others. If we are required to enforce our intellectual property or other proprietary rights through litigation, the costs and diversion of management's attention could be substantial. In addition, the rights granted under any intellectual property may not provide us competitive advantages or be adequate to safeguard and maintain our proprietary rights. Moreover, the laws of certain countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. If we do not enforce and protect our intellectual property rights, it could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.


We are exposed to potential lawsuits alleging defects in our products and/or other claims related to the use of our products.

The use of our products exposes us to the risk of product liability and hearing loss claims. These claims have in the past been, and are currently being, asserted against us. None of the previously resolved claims have materially affected our business, financial condition or results of operations, nor do we believe that any of the pending claims will have such an effect. Although we maintain product liability insurance, the coverage provided under our policies could be unavailable or insufficient to cover the full amount of any such claim. Therefore, successful product liability or hearing loss claims brought against us could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our mobile headsets are used with mobile telephones. There has been continuing public controversy over whether the radio frequency emissions from mobile telephones are harmful to users of mobile phones. We believe that there is no conclusive proof of any health hazard from the use of mobile telephones but that research in this area is incomplete. We have tested our headsets through independent laboratories and have found that use of our corded headsets reduces radio frequency emissions at the user's head to virtually zero. Our Bluetooth and other wireless headsets emit significantly less powerful radio frequency emissions than mobile phones. However, if research establishes a health hazard from the use of mobile telephones or public controversy grows even in the absence of conclusive research findings, there could be an adverse impact on the demand for mobile phones, which reduces demand for headset products.  Likewise, should research establish a link between radio frequency emissions and wireless headsets and public concern in this area grows, demand for our wireless headsets could be reduced creating a material adverse effect on our financial results.

There is also continuing and increasing public controversy over the use of mobile telephones by operators of motor vehicles. While we believe that our products enhance driver safety by permitting a motor vehicle operator to generally be able to keep both hands free to operate the vehicle, there is no certainty that this is the case, and we may be subject to claims arising from allegations that use of a mobile telephone and headset contributed to a motor vehicle accident. We maintain product liability insurance and general liability insurance that we believe would cover any such claims.  However, the coverage provided under our policies could be unavailable or insufficient to cover the full amount of any such claim. Therefore, successful product liability claims brought against us could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.  See Item 3 of this Form 10-K for a discussion of our current legal proceedings.

Our business could be materially adversely affected if we lose the benefit of the services of key personnel.

Our success depends to a large extent upon the services of a limited number of executive officers and other key employees. The unanticipated loss of the services of one or more of our executive officers or key employees could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We also believe that our future success will depend in large part upon our ability to attract and retain additional highly skilled technical, management, sales and marketing personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense. We may not be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel, and our failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.

The adoption of voice-activated software or the deterioration of general economic conditions may cause profits from our contact center products to decline.

We are seeing a proliferation of speech-activated and voice interactive software in the market place.  We have been re-assessing long-term growth prospects for the contact center market given the growth rate and the advancement of these new voice recognition-based technologies. Businesses that first embraced these technologies to resolve labor shortages at the peak of the last economic up cycle are now increasing spending on these technologies in order to reduce costs. We may experience a decline in our sales to the contact center market if businesses increase their adoption of speech-activated and voice interactive software as an alternative to customer service agents. Such adoption could cause a net reduction in contact center agents, and our revenues in this market could decline.

A significant portion of our profits comes from the contact center market and a decline in demand in that market could materially adversely affect our results.  While we believe that this market may grow in future periods, this growth could be slow or revenues from this market could be flat or decline.  Deterioration in general economic conditions could result in a reduction in the establishment of new contact centers and in capital investments to expand or upgrade existing centers, which could negatively affect our business.  Because of our reliance on the contact center market, we will be affected more by changes in the rate of contact center establishment and expansion and the communications products used by contact center agents than would a company serving a broader market. Any decrease in the demand for contact centers and related headset products could cause a decrease in the demand for our products, which would materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.


We are required to evaluate our internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and any adverse results from such evaluation could result in a loss of investor confidence in our financial reports and have an adverse effect on our stock price.

Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 our management is required to report on, and our independent registered public accounting firm to attest to, the effectiveness of our internal control over for financial reporting. We have an ongoing program to perform the system and process evaluation and testing necessary to comply with these requirements.

We have and will continue to incur significant expenses and management resources for Section 404 compliance on an ongoing basis. In the event that our chief executive officer, chief financial officer or independent registered public accounting firm determine in the future that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective as defined under Section 404, investor perceptions may be adversely affected and could cause a decline in the market price of our stock.

Provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law and our adoption of a stockholder rights plan may delay or prevent a third party from acquiring us, which could decrease the value of our stock.

Our Board of Directors has the authority to issue preferred stock and to determine the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting and conversion rights, of those shares without any further vote or action by the stockholders. The issuance of our preferred stock could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire us. In addition, we are subject to the anti-takeover provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which could also have the effect of delaying or preventing our acquisition by a third party. Further, certain provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and bylaws could delay or make more difficult a merger, tender offer or proxy contest, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

In 2002, our Board of Directors adopted a stockholder rights plan, pursuant to which we distributed one right for each outstanding share of common stock held by stockholders of record as of April 12, 2002. Because the rights may substantially dilute the stock ownership of a person or group attempting to take us over without the approval of our Board of Directors, the plan could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, or a significant percentage of our outstanding capital stock, without first negotiating with our Board of Directors regarding such acquisition.


ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
 
None.
 
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
 
Our principal executive offices are located in Santa Cruz, California. Our facilities are located throughout the Americas, Europe, and Asia. The table below lists the major facilities owned or leased as of March 31, 2008:

Location
Square Footage
Lease/Own
Primary Use
Audio Communications Group
   
Chattanooga, Tennessee
16,650
Lease
Light Assembly, Sales and Marketing, Engineering, Administration
Hoofddorp, Netherlands
14,788
Lease
Administrative
San Diego, California
10,248
Lease
Industrial and Office Space
Santa Cruz, California
79,253
Own
Light Assembly, Sales and Marketing, Engineering, Administration
Santa Cruz, California
44,183
Own
Light Assembly, Sales, Engineering, Administration
Santa Cruz, California
39,892
Own
Light Assembly, Sales, Engineering, Administration
Santa Cruz, California
18,250
Lease
Light Assembly, Sales, Engineering, Administration
Santa Cruz, California
20,325
Lease
Light Assembly, Sales, Engineering, Administration
Shenzhen, China
23,250
Lease
Engineering, Administration and Design Center
Suzhou, P.R.China
145,732
Own
Assembly
Suzhou, P.R.China
64,051
Own
Engineering, Administration and Design Center
Tijuana, Mexico
95,980
Lease
Engineering, Assembly, Administration
Tijuana, Mexico
61,785
Lease
Engineering, Assembly
Tijuana, Mexico
56,065
Lease
Engineering, Assembly, Administration
Tijuana, Mexico
289,589
Lease
Logistic and Distribution Center
Tijuana, Mexico
53,732
Lease
Engineering, Assembly, Design Center
Wootton Basset, UK
21,824
Own
Light Assembly, Sales, Engineering, Administration
Wootton Basset, UK
15,970
Own
Light Assembly, Sales, Engineering, Administration
Wootton Basset, UK
5,445
Lease
Sales and Marketing
Audio Entertainment Group
   
Milford, Pennsylvania
187,000
Own
Sales and Marketing, Engineering, Administration, Distribution
Kowloon, Hong Kong 1
5,523
Lease
Engineering, Administration
Dongguan, P.R. China 1
180,000
Lease
Engineering, Assembly, Administration

1 This lease was terminated in April 2008 as part of our restructuring activities related to the close of AEG’s manufacturing facilities in Dongguan, China and research and development and sales and procurement offices in Hong Kong.

We believe that our existing properties are suitable and generally adequate for our current business; however, future growth may require that we obtain additional space.


ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
We are presently engaged in various legal actions arising in the normal course of our business. We believe that it is unlikely that any of these actions will have a material adverse impact on our operating results. However, because of the inherent uncertainties of litigation, the outcome of any of these actions could be unfavorable and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
 
Six class action lawsuits were recently filed against the Company alleging that our Bluetooth headsets may cause noise-induced hearing loss. Shannon Wars et al. vs. Plantronics, Inc. was filed on November 14, 2006 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas.  Lori Raines, et al. vs. Plantronics, Inc. was filed on October 20, 2006 in the United States District Court, Central District of California.  Kyle Edwards, et al vs. Plantronics, Inc. was filed on October 17, 2006 in the United States District Court, Middle District of Florida.  Ralph Cook vs. Plantronics, Inc. was filed on February 8, 2007 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia.  Randy Pierce vs. Plantronics, Inc. was filed on January 10, 2007 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas.  Bruce Schiller, et al vs. Plantronics, Inc. was filed on October 10, 2006 in the Superior Court of the State of California in and for the County of Los Angeles.  The complaints state that they do not seek damages for personal injury to any individual.  These complaints seek various remedies, including injunctive relief requiring the Company to include certain additional warnings with its Bluetooth headsets and to redesign the headsets to limit the volume produced, or, alternatively, to provide the user with the ability to determine the level of sound emitted from the headset.  Plaintiffs also seek unspecified general, special, and punitive damages, as well as restitution.  The federal cases have been consolidated for all pre-trial purposes in the United States District Court for the Central District of Los Angeles before Judge Fischer.  The California State Court case was dismissed by the plaintiffs.  The parties have provided a limited amount of discovery to each other.  The defendants have filed a motion to dismiss which is likely to be heard in mid-August 2008.  
 
On May 13, 2008 a lawsuit was filed against the Company in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The complaint alleges that the Company infringed certain patents owned by Clear With Computers, LLC. These patents involve various business practices commonly used on Websites such as supply chain and sales methods, sales and marketing systems, and inventory systems. The complaint seeks various remedies including injunctions, damages, and costs.  
 
We do not believe that the allegations in these lawsuits have any merit, and Plantronics will aggressively defend itself in these cases.
 
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
 
None.


PART II
 
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER REPURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
 
Price Range of Common Stock
 
Our common stock is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange. The following table sets forth the low and high sales prices as reported by an independent source, under the symbol PLT, for each period indicated.

   
Low
   
High
 
Fiscal 2007
           
First Quarter
  $ 21.30     $ 38.62  
Second Quarter
    14.83       22.50  
Third Quarter
    17.62       21.84  
Fourth Quarter
    19.45       23.62  
Fiscal 2008
               
First Quarter
  $ 22.82     $ 26.22  
Second Quarter
    25.77       29.92  
Third Quarter
    22.32       32.71  
Fourth Quarter
    17.82       26.00  

 
Cash Dividends
 
In fiscal 2007 and 2008, we paid quarterly cash dividends of $0.05 per share resulting in total dividends of $9.5 million and $9.7 million in each year, respectively.
 
We have a credit agreement with a major bank containing financial covenants which limit our ability to pay cash dividends on shares of our common stock except under certain conditions.  We believe that we will continue to meet the conditions that make the payment of cash dividends permissible pursuant to the credit agreement in the near future.  The actual declaration of future dividends and the establishment of record and payment dates is subject to final determination by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of Plantronics each quarter after its review of our financial performance.
 
Share Repurchase Programs
 
At March 31, 2007, we had no remaining shares of common stock authorized for repurchase under previous repurchase programs. On January 25, 2008, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of 1,000,000 shares of common stock under which the Company may purchase shares in the open market from time to time.  During fiscal 2008, we repurchased 81,500 shares of our common stock in the open market at a total cost of $1.5 million and an average price of $18.92 per share.  As of March 31, 2008, there were 918,500 remaining shares authorized for repurchase.  The following table presents a month-to-month summary of the stock purchase activity in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008:
 
   
Total Number of Shares Purchased
   
Average Price Paid per Share
   
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
   
Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
 
                         
December 30, 2007 to January 26, 2008
    -     $ -       -       1,000,000  
January 27, 2008 to March 1, 2008
    81,500     $ 18.92       81,500       918,500  
March 2, 2008 to March 29, 2008
    -     $ -       -       918,500  

See Note 12 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding our stock repurchase programs.
 
As of April 26, 2008, there were approximately 80 holders of record of our common stock.  Because many of our shares of common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders.


ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
 
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
 
The following selected financial information has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements.  The information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of results of future operations and should be read in conjunction with Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K in order to fully understand factors that may affect the comparability of the information presented below.
 
   
Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 
   
2004
   
2005
     
20061
     
20072
     
20082,3,4
 
   
(in thousands, except income per share)
 
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
                                   
Net revenues
  $ 416,965     $ 559,995     $ 750,394     $ 800,154     $ 856,286  
Net income
  $ 62,279     $ 97,520     $ 81,150     $ 50,143     $ 68,395  
                                         
Basic net income per common share
  $ 1.39     $ 2.02     $ 1.72     $ 1.06     $ 1.42  
Diluted net income per common share
  $ 1.31     $ 1.92     $ 1.66     $ 1.04     $ 1.39  
Cash dividends declared per common share
  $ -     $ 0.15     $ 0.20     $ 0.20     $ 0.20  
Shares used in diluted per share calculations
    47,492       50,821       48,788       48,020       49,090  
                                         
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
                                       
Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments
  $ 180,616     $ 242,814     $ 76,732     $ 103,365     $ 163,091  
Total assets
  $ 368,252     $ 487,929     $ 612,249     $ 651,304     $ 741,393  
Long-term liabilities
  $ -     $ 2,930     $ 1,453     $ 696     $ 14,989  
Total stockholders' equity
  $ 299,303     $ 405,719     $ 435,621     $ 496,807     $ 578,620  

 
1
On August 18, 2005, we completed the acquisition of Altec Lansing., a privately-held Pennsylvania corporation for a cash purchase price including acquisition costs of approximately $165 million.  The results of operations of Altec Lansing have been included in our consolidated results of operations subsequent to the acquisition on August 18, 2005.  See Note 6 of the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes, included elsewhere, herein. 
 
2
We began recognizing the provisions of  SFAS No. 123(R) beginning in fiscal 2007; as a result, $16.9 million and $16.0 million in stock-based compensation expense has been included in our consolidated results of operations for the years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively.  See Note 12 of the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes, included elsewhere, herein.
 
3
In November 2007, we announced plans to close AEG’s manufacturing facility in Dongguan, China, to shut down a related Hong Kong research and development, sales and procurement office and to consolidate procurement, research and development activities for AEG in the Shenzhen, China site.  As a result of these activities, $3.6 million in restructuring and other related charges has been included in our consolidated results of operations for the year ended March 31, 2008.  See Note 9 of the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes, included elsewhere, herein.

4
In the first quarter of fiscal 2008, we adopted the provisions of FIN 48; as a result, the liability for uncertain tax provisions not expected to be paid within the next twelve months was reclassified to long-term income taxes payable.  See Note 15 of the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes, included elsewhere, herein.


ITEM 7.  MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

OVERVIEW
 
We are a leading worldwide designer, manufacturer, and marketer of lightweight communications headsets, telephone headset systems, and accessories for the business and consumer markets under the Plantronics brand.  We are also a leading manufacturer and marketer of high quality docking audio products, computer and home entertainment sound systems, and a line of headphones for personal digital media under our Altec Lansing brand.  In addition, we manufacture and market, under our Clarity brand, specialty telephone products, such as telephones for the hearing impaired, and other related products for people with special communication needs.
 
We ship a broad range of products to over 80 countries through a worldwide network of distributors, OEMs, wireless carriers, retailers, and telephony service providers.  We have well-developed distribution channels in North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand, where use of our products is widespread.  Our distribution channels in other regions of the world are less mature, and while we primarily serve the contact center markets in those regions, we are expanding into the office, mobile and entertainment, digital audio, and specialty telephone markets in additional international locations.
 
Consolidated net revenues in fiscal 2008 were $856.3 million, which is an increase of 7% from fiscal 2007 net revenues which were $800.2 million.  The year-over-year growth was attributable to ACG, while AEG net revenues decreased compared to the prior year.  Our operating income increased to $79.4 million from $57.4 million in fiscal 2007 on the strength of our product offerings, and the improved gross margin achieved on net revenues.  The increase in gross margin was the result of a focused effort to decrease product and transformation costs.
 
In our ACG segment, the increase in net revenues for fiscal 2008 was primarily driven by an increase in sales of our office wireless headsets, Bluetooth headsets for the mobile market and OCC corded headsets.  Growth in these products was partially offset by a decline in revenues from mobile corded products.

The trend towards wireless products contributed significantly to demand.  We experienced substantial growth in both Bluetooth-enabled products and office wireless systems compared to a year ago. Wireless products continue to represent an opportunity for high growth, both for the office market and for mobile applications. Our office wireless market, our best opportunity for long cycle growth and profitability, grew by $36 million in net revenues or 16% in fiscal 2008 over fiscal 2007.   In the mobile market, particularly for consumer applications, margins are lower than they are for our enterprise applications due to the level of competition and pricing pressures, and the concentrated industry structure into which we sell.  Our strategy for improving the profitability of mobile consumer products is to differentiate our products from our competitors and to provide compelling solutions under our brand with regard to features, design, ease of use, and performance.

In our AEG segment, net revenues decreased from $123.6 million in fiscal 2007 to $108.4 million in fiscal 2008, and the operating loss increased from $27.2 million to $35.8 million for the corresponding period.  The results for the AEG segment were negatively impacted in fiscal 2008 by a product portfolio that was not sufficiently competitive, resulting in a cumulative loss of market share, declining revenues, restructuring charges and reduced profitability.  Despite the operating losses we incurred in fiscal 2008 in AEG, we believe that the continuing trend of the communications and entertainment convergence presents an opportunity to gain product synergies between our ACG and AEG businesses, especially in the need for wireless products.

In addition, we are in the process of finalizing the restructuring plan we announced and began to implement in the third quarter of fiscal 2008.  We have closed AEG’s manufacturing operations in Dongguan, China and relocated the research and development activities previously in Dongguan, China to a new site in Shenzhen, China.  We have outsourced most of AEG manufacturing to a network of qualified contract manufacturers already in place and plan to do a limited amount of manufacturing of AEG products in our plant in Suzhou, China.  We are in the process of shutting down AEG’s sales and procurement office in Hong Kong, and consolidating the sales, procurement and research and development activities into our new Shenzhen, China site. We have substantially completed the consolidation of our selling, general and administrative functions for most of our Asia Pacific operations into our Suzhou, China facility.
 
Our fiscal 2008 results reflect our commitment to long-term growth, and the progress on our key initiatives to capitalize on the growth opportunities in the office and mobile markets, and to meet the challenges associated with competitive pricing, market share, and consumer acceptance.   Throughout fiscal 2008, we remained focused on our long-term strategy.  We have been creating new products that are appealing in functionality and design and combining these products with marketing programs to increase awareness and interest.  Through the acquisition of Altec Lansing and the establishment of AEG, we moved closer to obtaining our long-term goal of positioning ourselves to offer products that meet consumer needs for communications and entertainment applications in one device. Our company-wide potential for future growth will depend on our efforts to expand customer awareness and our ability to successfully launch new products.


Looking forward into fiscal 2009, we are focused on the following key corporate goals to maximize long-term shareholder value:
 
·
Strengthen brand value.  We are investing in a number of initiatives to further improve the sound quality and ease of use of our products.  Our brand promise is sound, style, and simplicity, and we intend to continue investing resources to ensure we deliver on this pledge to our customers.
 
·
Grow our B2B business. We plan to continue to invest in research and development which should improve the overall sound quality and the appearance and functionality of our products.  We plan to grow the office market through the introduction of compelling, easy to use, wireless products and demand generation campaign.  We will also focus on gaining market share.

·
Strengthen B2C profitability.  Revitalize the high-end Bluetooth portfolio to gain share, and, within the AEG business, we are developing new product lines which we believe will help us to gain share and improve profit margins.

·
Configure the Company to increase profitability.
 
·
Reduce supply chain costs.  We will continue to implement our supply chain optimization and re-engineering initiatives that are designed to increase inventory turns, improve forecast accuracy and reduce excess and obsolete inventory.  We will also continue our focus on reducing total supply chain costs by increasing the utilization of our Suzhou, China plant, improving direct labor productivity and reducing logistics and warranty costs.
 
·
Continue implementing our turnaround plan for AEG.  Development of the next generation products with lower cost points and higher margins continue to be a key priority for the next fiscal year.  We have also been taking advantage of the industrial design capabilities that exist within the ACG segment with a goal of making these next generation products more appealing to buyers.
 
·
New Product Development effectiveness.  We will continue to increase the use of common platforms from which we can produce multiple generations of products.  In addition, we are also focused on a more stringent analysis of product development opportunities in order to reduce the number of product variants.
 
 
We intend for the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations to provide information that will assist in understanding our financial statements.   


ANNUAL RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
The following tables set forth, for the periods indicated, the consolidated statements of operations data and data by segment.  The financial information and the ensuing discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.

Consolidated
                       
                                     
(in thousands)
 
Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 
   
2006
   
2007
   
2008
 
                                     
Net revenues
  $ 750,394       100.0 %   $ 800,154       100.0 %   $ 856,286       100.0 %
Cost of revenues
    424,140       56.5 %     491,339       61.4 %     507,181       59.2 %
Gross profit
    326,254       43.5 %     308,815       38.6 %     349,105       40.8 %
                                                 
Operating expense:
                                               
Research, development and engineering
    62,798       8.4 %     71,895       9.0 %     76,982       9.0 %
Selling, general and administrative
    153,094       20.4 %     182,108       22.7 %     189,156       22.1 %
Restructuring and other related charges
    -       0.0 %     -       0.0 %     3,584       0.4 %
Gain on sale of land
    -       0.0 %     (2,637 )     (0.3 )%     -       0.0 %
Total operating expenses
    215,892       28.8 %     251,366       31.4 %     269,722       31.5 %
                                                 
Operating income
    110,362       14.7 %     57,449       7.2 %     79,383       9.3 %
                                                 
Interest and other income (expense), net
    2,192       0.3 %     4,089       0.5 %     5,854       0.7 %
Income before income taxes
    112,554       15.0 %     61,538       7.7 %     85,237       10.0 %
Income tax expense
    31,404       4.2 %     11,395       1.4 %     16,842       2.0 %
Net income
  $ 81,150       10.8 %   $ 50,143       6.3 %   $ 68,395       8.0 %

Audio Communications Group
                                   
                                     
(in thousands)
 
Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 
   
2006
   
2007
   
2008
 
                                     
Net revenues
  $ 629,725       100.0 %   $ 676,514       100.0 %   $ 747,935       100.0 %
Cost of revenues
    340,437       54.1 %     381,034       56.3 %     403,863       54.0 %
Gross profit
    289,288       45.9 %     295,480       43.7 %     344,072       46.0 %
                                                 
Operating expense:
                                               
Research, development and engineering
    56,570       8.9 %     61,583       9.1 %     65,733       8.8 %
Selling, general and administrative
    132,867       21.1 %     151,857       22.5 %     163,173       21.8 %
Gain on sale of land
    -       0.0 %     (2,637 )     (0.4 )%     -       0.0 %
Total operating expenses
    189,437       30.0 %     210,803       31.2 %     228,906       30.6 %
Operating income
  $ 99,851       15.9 %   $ 84,677       12.5 %   $ 115,166       15.4 %
 
 
Audio Entertainment Group
                                   
                                     
(in thousands)
 
Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 
   
2006
   
2007
   
2008
 
                                     
Net revenues
  $ 120,669       100.0 %   $ 123,640       100.0 %   $ 108,351       100.0 %
Cost of revenues
    83,703       69.4 %     110,305       89.2 %     103,318       95.4 %
Gross profit
    36,966       30.6 %     13,335       10.8 %     5,033       4.6 %
                                                 
Operating expense:
                                               
Research, development and engineering
    6,228       5.1 %     10,312       8.3 %     11,249       10.4 %
Selling, general and administrative
    20,227       16.8 %     30,251       24.5 %     25,983       23.9 %
Restructuring and other related charges
    -       0.0 %     -       0.0 %     3,584       3.3 %
Total operating expenses
    26,455       21.9 %     40,563       32.8 %     40,816       37.6 %
Operating income (loss)
  $ 10,511       8.7 %   $ (27,228 )     (22.0 )%   $ (35,783 )     (33.0 )%
 

Net Revenues
 
Audio Communications Group
 
   
Fiscal Year Ended
             
Fiscal Year Ended
             
   
March 31,
 
March 31,
   
Increase
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
   
Increase
 
(in thousands)
 
2006
 
2007
   
(Decrease)
 
2007
 
2008
   
(Decrease)
 
                                           
Net revenues from unaffiliated customers:
                                                 
Office and Contact Center
    $ 446,524     $ 475,323     $ 28,799       6.4 %   $ 475,323     $ 519,958     $ 44,635       9.4 %
Mobile
      119,333       146,859       27,526       23.1 %     146,859       171,880       25,021       17.0 %
Gaming and Computer Audio
      35,656       30,162       (5,494 )     (15.4 )%     30,162       33,612       3,450       11.4 %
Other Specialty Products
      28,212       24,170       (4,042 )     (14.3 )%     24,170       22,485       (1,685 )     (7.0 )%
Total segment net revenues
    $ 629,725     $ 676,514     $ 46,789       7.4 %   $ 676,514     $ 747,935     $ 71,421       10.6 %

Audio Entertainment Group

   
Fiscal Year Ended
             
Fiscal Year Ended
             
   
March 31,
 
March 31,
   
Increase
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
   
Increase
 
(in thousands)
 
2006
 
2007
   
(Decrease)
 
2007
 
2008
   
(Decrease)
 
                                           
Revenues from unaffiliated customers:
                                                 
Docking audio
    $ 70,878     $ 61,068     $ (9,810 )     (13.8 )%   $ 61,068     $ 55,399     $ (5,669 )     (9.3 )%
PC audio
      40,515       52,922       12,407       30.6 %     52,922       46,652       (6,270 )     (11.8 )%
Other
      9,276       9,650       374       4.0 %     9,650       6,300       (3,350 )     (34.7 )%
Total segment net revenues
    $ 120,669     $ 123,640     $ 2,971       2.5 %   $ 123,640     $ 108,351     $ (15,289 )     (12.4 )%

Our consolidated net revenues increased in fiscal 2008 as compared to fiscal 2007 entirely due to growth in ACG net revenues, which accounted for approximately 87% of consolidated net revenues in fiscal 2008.  The increase in ACG net revenues is primarily due to increased sales of our office wireless headset systems and mobile Bluetooth headsets.  ACG unit volumes increased from fiscal 2007 to 2008 primarily as a result of increased mobile Bluetooth sales.  In fiscal 2008, we also benefited from the weaker dollar as a portion of our sales are denominated in Euros and Great British Pounds.  AEG net revenues accounted for approximately 13% of consolidated net revenues in fiscal 2008.  In comparison to fiscal 2007, AEG net revenues decreased as we are in a product transition phase and have not yet introduced our new product portfolio.  We have been working on the next generation of products for AEG with the goal of creating a competitive portfolio which would increase revenues, profitability and market share.

Our consolidated net revenues increased in fiscal 2007 as compared to fiscal 2006 primarily due to growth in ACG net revenues, which accounted for approximately 85% of consolidated net revenues in fiscal 2007.  The increase in ACG net revenues is entirely due to growth from cordless products such as wireless office headset systems and mobile Bluetooth headsets.  Unit volumes decreased from fiscal 2006 to 2007 primarily due to decreased sales of mobile corded products, partially offset by increased sales of mobile Bluetooth products.  AEG net revenues accounted for approximately 15% of consolidated net revenues in fiscal 2007.  The increase in AEG net revenues in fiscal 2007 compared to fiscal 2006 was primarily attributable to the fiscal 2007 results reflecting a full year of operations while the fiscal 2006 results reflect only net revenues from the time of acquisition in August 2005 through fiscal year end, approximately seven and one-half months.

Net revenues may vary due to the timing of the introduction of new products, seasonality, discounts and other incentives and channel mix.

ACG

The Office and Contact Center (“OCC”) products represent our largest source of revenues while the Mobile products represent our largest unit volumes.  There has been a growing trend toward wireless products and a corresponding shift away from our corded products.  As a percentage of net revenues, wireless products represented 40%, 51% and 55% for fiscal 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.  
 
Fluctuations in the net revenues of ACG in fiscal 2008 compared to fiscal 2007 were as follows:

 
·
OCC product net revenues increased as a result of growth of $35.8 million in cordless products and $8.8 million from corded products.  The increases are primarily due to the addition of the CS70N to our product line in fiscal 2008, corded product revenue growth internationally, mostly in Europe and Asia Pacific, and some benefit from foreign exchange rates;


 
·
Mobile product net revenues increased as a result of market growth and greater acceptance of our product portfolio which contributed to a year-over-year increase of $29.8 million in our Bluetooth headsets, partially offset by a decline of $4.8 million in net revenues from corded mobile headsets;
 
·
Gaming and Computer Audio product net revenues increased due to the transfer of the Altec Lansing branded PC headsets into this category in fiscal 2008.

Fluctuations in the net revenues of ACG in fiscal 2007 compared to fiscal 2006 were as follows:

 
·
OCC product net revenues increased primarily from growth of $42.1 million in cordless products, offset in part by a $13.3 million decrease in corded products reflecting the trend towards wireless products;
 
·
Mobile product net revenues increased as a result of market growth and greater acceptance of our product portfolio which contributed to a year-over-year increase of $47.2 million in our Bluetooth headsets, partially offset by a decline of $19.7 million in net revenues from corded mobile headsets;
 
·
Gaming and Computer Audio product net revenues decreased due to competitive pressure in Europe, the end of life of an OEM headset in the second quarter of fiscal 2006, and the transition in Europe from products not in compliance with the Restriction on Hazardous Substances Directive (“RoHS”) and our older product lines, to RoHS-compliant products and our new lineup of .Audio and DSP computer headsets;
 
·
Other Specialty Products net revenues decreased due to decreased sales of our Clarity products to two major retail customers as the result of a decrease in the number of product models carried.  Sales of Clarity products to state government programs and other distributors were relatively flat.

AEG

Altec Lansing products are primarily consumer goods sold in the retail channel, and sales are highly seasonal.  The strongest revenues typically occur in the December quarter due to the holiday period.  Other trends that also impact our AEG revenues include growth of the MP3 player market, and our ability to successfully attach to new generations of MP3 players and to develop products which keep up with the rapidly-developing Docking Audio and PC Audio markets.

Fluctuations in the net revenues of AEG in fiscal 2008 compared to fiscal 2007 were as follows:

 
·
Docking Audio product net revenues decreased primarily as a result of intense competition in the MP3 accessories market, particularly in the U.S., our reduced share of the MP3 accessories market and price reductions;
 
·
PC Audio product net revenues decreased primarily in Asia and the U.S. due to increased competition and price reductions;
 
·
Other products net revenues decreased due to the transition of the Altec Lansing branded PC headsets from the AEG segment to the ACG segment resulting in a decrease of $7.0 million, partially offset by an increase in headphone and other net revenues of $3.4 million.

Fluctuations in the net revenues of AEG in fiscal 2007 compared to fiscal 2006 were as follows:

 
·
PC Audio product net revenues increased primarily due to the fiscal 2007 results reflecting a full year of operations while the fiscal 2006 results reflect only net revenues from the time of acquisition in August 2005 through fiscal year end, approximately seven and one-half months;
 
·
Docking Audio product net revenues decreased primarily as a result of intense competition in the MP3 accessories market, particularly in the U.S., and our reduced share of the MP3 accessories market.

Geographical Information

   
Fiscal Year Ended
               
Fiscal Year Ended
             
   
March 31,
   
March 31,
   
Increase
   
March 31,
   
March 31,
   
Increase
 
(in thousands)
 
2006
   
2007
   
(Decrease)
   
2007
   
2008
   
(Decrease)
 
                                                 
                                                 
United States
  $ 483,513     $ 490,551     $ 7,038       1.5 %   $ 490,551     $ 521,148     $ 30,597       6.2 %
                                                                 
Europe, Middle East and Africa
    178,315       195,090       16,775       9.4 %     195,090       214,621       19,531       10.0 %
Asia Pacific
    47,921       59,927       12,006       25.1 %     59,927       62,742       2,815       4.7 %
Americas, excluding United States
    40,645       54,586       13,941       34.3 %     54,586       57,775       3,189       5.8 %
Total International
    266,881       309,603       42,722       16.0 %     309,603       335,138       25,535       8.2 %
Total consolidated net revenues
  $ 750,394     $ 800,154     $ 49,760       6.6 %   $ 800,154     $ 856,286     $ 56,132       7.0 %
 

In comparison to fiscal 2007, fiscal 2008 consolidated international net revenues, as a percentage of total net revenues, remained consistent at 39%.  International net revenues for ACG, increased from 37% to 38% primarily due to the strength of our Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) business in ACG; however, this increase was offset in part by decreased international net revenue for AEG.

In comparison to fiscal 2006, fiscal 2007 consolidated international net revenues, as a percentage of total net revenues, increased from 36% to 39%, respectively.  International net revenues for ACG increased from 35% to 37% primarily due to growth in our EMEA business and in our Asia Pacific and Americas regions mostly due to strong demand for OCC wireless office systems and Bluetooth mobile products.  International net revenues for AEG increased from 35% to 47% which reflected the intense price competition in the docking audio products market in the U.S.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit
 
Cost of revenues consists primarily of direct manufacturing and contract manufacturer costs, including material and direct labor, our operations management team and indirect labor such as supervisors and warehouse workers, freight expense, warranty expense, reserves for excess and obsolete inventory, depreciation, royalties, and an allocation of overhead expenses, including facilities and IT costs.

Consolidated
 
Fiscal Year Ended
             
Fiscal Year Ended
             
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
   
Increase
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
   
Increase
 
(in thousands)
2006
 
2007
   
(Decrease)
 
2007
 
2008
   
(Decrease)
 
                                                 
Net revenues
  $ 750,394     $ 800,154     $ 49,760       6.6 %   $ 800,154     $ 856,286     $ 56,132       7.0 %
Cost of revenues
    424,140       491,339       67,199       15.8 %     491,339       507,181       15,842       3.2 %
Consolidated gross profit
  $ 326,254     $ 308,815     $ (17,439 )     (5.3 )%   $ 308,815     $ 349,105     $ 40,290       13.0 %
Consolidated gross profit %
    43.5 %     38.6 %     (4.9 )  
ppt.
      38.6 %     40.8 %     2.2    
ppt.
 

 Audio Communications Group

Net revenues
  $ 629,725     $ 676,514     $ 46,789       7.4 %   $ 676,514     $ 747,935     $ 71,421       10.6 %
Cost of revenues
    340,437       381,034       40,597       11.9 %     381,034       403,863       22,829       6.0 %
Segment gross profit
  $ 289,288     $ 295,480     $ 6,192       2.1 %   $ 295,480     $ 344,072     $ 48,592       16.4 %
Segment gross profit %
    45.9 %     43.7 %     (2.2 )  
ppt.
      43.7 %     46.0 %     2.3    
ppt.
 

Audio Entertainment Group

Net revenues
  $ 120,669     $ 123,640     $ 2,971       2.5 %   $ 123,640     $ 108,351     $ (15,289 )     (12.4 )%
Cost of revenues
    83,703       110,305       26,602       31.8 %     110,305       103,318       (6,987 )     (6.3 )%
Segment gross profit
  $ 36,966     $ 13,335     $ (23,631 )     (63.9 )%   $ 13,335     $ 5,033     $ (8,302 )     (62.3 )%
Segment gross profit %
    30.6 %     10.8 %     (19.8 )  
ppt.
      10.8 %     4.6 %     (6.2 )  
ppt.
 


The increase in consolidated gross profit in both fiscal 2007 and 2008 is attributable to ACG, which accounted for approximately 96% and 99% of consolidated gross profit in fiscal 2007 and 2008, respectively.

Fluctuations in the gross profit of ACG and AEG in fiscal 2008 compared to fiscal 2007 were as follows:

 ACG

The increase in gross profit was primarily due to higher net revenues.  As a percentage of net revenues, gross profit increased 2.3 percentage points primarily due to the following:

 
·
a 1.6 percentage point benefit from cost reductions on wireless office and Bluetooth products;
 
·
a 1.5 percentage point improvement primarily resulting from improved productivity in our manufacturing process;
 
·
a 0.7 percentage point benefit from foreign exchange;
 
·
a 0.6 percentage point benefit from a reduction in excess and obsolete inventory costs.


These benefits in gross profit were partially offset by a 2.1 percentage point decrease primarily due to higher warranty costs primarily due to increased sales of mobile and entertainment headsets through retail channels where open box warranty returns often occur more frequently than through other sales channels, higher freight expenses as a result of increased rates, a longer supply chain, and a less favorable product mix as corded products, which typically have higher margins than cordless products, were a lower percentage of overall revenues.
 
AEG

As a percentage of net revenues, gross profit decreased 6.2 percentage points primarily due to the following:

 
·
a 6.2 percentage point decline due to a 12% decline in the overall sales volume and reduced selling prices of  surplus inventory, primarily in the Docking Audio category;
 
·
increased freight, duty, royalties and warehousing which yielded a 5.4 percentage point decline.

The decline in gross profit was partially offset by a 5.3 percentage point benefit resulting from a decrease in claims from suppliers and decreased excess and obsolete inventory costs due to the sale of slow moving product to liquidators.

Fluctuations in the gross profit of ACG and AEG in fiscal 2007 compared to fiscal 2006 were as follows:

 ACG

The increase in gross profit was primarily due to higher net revenues.  As a percentage of net revenues, gross profit decreased 2.2 percentage points primarily due to the following:

 
·
a 3.1 percentage point decline due to a product mix shift towards consumer products, which have lower gross margins than many of our office products, coupled with competitive pricing pressure, especially on consumer Bluetooth headsets;
 
·
a 0.6 percentage point decline in excess and obsolete inventory costs;
 
·
a 0.5 percentage point decline due to higher warranty costs as a result of increased sales and shift in product mix towards wireless products which have a higher rate of return under warranty and higher product costs;
 
·
a 0.4 percentage point decline due to stock-based compensation;
 
·
a 0.2 percentage point decline resulting from an increase in capacity in our production facilities in Suzhou, China and Tijuana, Mexico, in preparation for anticipated future demand, primarily related to our Bluetooth products.

These declines in gross profit were partially offset by a 2.6 percentage point favorable impact primarily due to better component pricing which we were able to obtain through our expanded presence in China, better factory utilization at our plant in Tijuana, Mexico and improvements in manufacturing yields.

AEG

Gross profit for fiscal 2007 reflects twelve months of operations compared to approximately seven and one-half months of operations in fiscal 2006, from the time of acquisition in August 2005 through year-end.  As a percentage of net revenues, gross profit decreased 19.8 percentage points primarily due to the following:

 
·
competitive pricing pressures resulting in significant discounting and price protection programs, particularly for the Docking Audio product category, which yielded a 4.6 percentage point decline;
 
·
a 2.1 percentage point decline due to a product mix shift towards PC Audio products, which have lower gross margins than our Docking Audio products;
 
·
a 4.6 percentage point decline due to increased co-op advertising and marketing development funds programs along with higher product returns;
 
·
a 4.1 percentage point decline from increased requirements for excess and obsolete inventory costs of $2.1 million and adverse purchase commitments of $3.0 million due to unanticipated shifts in demand;
 
·
increased freight expense, due in part to surcharges related to rising fuel costs, which resulted in a 1.3 percentage point decline.

For both our segments, product mix has a significant impact on gross profit as there can be significant variances between our higher and our lower margin products.  Therefore, small variations in product mix, which can be difficult to predict, can have a significant impact on gross profit.  In addition, if we do not properly anticipate changes in demand, we have in the past, and may in the future incur significant costs associated with writing off excess and obsolete inventory or incur charges for adverse purchase commitments.  While we are focused on actions to improve our gross profit through supply chain management, improvements in product launches, increasing the utilization of manufacturing capacity, particularly in our new facility in Suzhou, China, restructuring AEG’s China manufacturing and procurement functions, including the shut down of our manufacturing plant in Dongguan, China, and improving the effectiveness of our marketing programs, there can be no assurance that these actions will be successful.  Gross profit may also vary based on return rates, the amount of product sold for which royalties are required to be paid, the rate at which royalties are calculated, and other factors.


Research, Development and Engineering
 
Research, development and engineering costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of compensation costs, outside services, including legal fees associated with protecting our intellectual property, expensed materials, depreciation and an allocation of overhead expenses, including facilities, human resources, and IT costs.

Consolidated
 
Fiscal Year Ended
             
Fiscal Year Ended
             
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
   
Increase
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
   
Increase
 
(in thousands)
2006
 
2007
   
(Decrease)
 
2007
 
2008
   
(Decrease)
 
                                                 
Research, development and engineering
  $ 62,798     $ 71,895     $ 9,097       14.5 %   $ 71,895     $ 76,982     $ 5,087       7.1 %
% of total consolidated net revenues
    8.4 %     9.0 %     0.6    
ppt.
      9.0 %     9.0 %     0.0    
ppt.
 

Audio Communications Group

Research, development and engineering
  $ 56,570     $ 61,583     $ 5,013       8.9 %   $ 61,583     $ 65,733     $ 4,150       6.7 %
% of total segment net revenues
    8.9 %     9.1 %     0.2    
ppt.
      9.1 %     8.8 %     (0.3 )  
ppt.
 

Audio Entertainment Group

Research, development and engineering
  $ 6,228     $ 10,312     $ 4,084       65.6 %   $ 10,312     $ 11,249     $ 937       9.1 %
% of total segment net revenues
    5.1 %     8.3 %     3.2    
ppt.
      8.3 %     10.4 %     2.1    
ppt.
 

In fiscal 2008, compared to fiscal 2007, consolidated research, development and engineering expenses increased primarily due to increased compensation costs. The majority of the increase in research, development and engineering expenses is attributable to the ACG segment.

The $4.2 million increase in ACG research, development, and engineering expenses in fiscal 2008, compared to fiscal 2007 is primarily related to higher compensation and project expenses at our design centers in Suzhou, China, and in the U.S.  These increases are partially offset by reductions in program and compensation expenses for Volume Logic technology development which was absorbed by the B2B product development group.  AEG expenses for fiscal 2008 were relatively flat compared to the prior year.  

Projects that the research, development and engineering departments focused on were:

 
·
the design and development of wireless office system products;
 
·
Bluetooth products and technology;
 
·
product line platforming;
 
·
refresh of product lines for AEG.
 
 
In fiscal 2007, compared to fiscal 2006, consolidated research, development and engineering expenses increased primarily due to the costs associated with the expansion of our ACG design centers in Tijuana, Mexico and Suzhou, China, stock-based compensation charges of $3.8 million, of which $3.7 million related to ACG and AEG expenses reflecting a full year of expenses compared to only seven and one-half months of expenses in fiscal 2006.

We anticipate that our consolidated research, development and engineering expenses in fiscal 2009 will be relatively flat in comparison to fiscal 2008.

Selling, General and Administrative
 
Selling, general and administrative expense consists primarily of compensation costs, marketing costs, professional service fees, travel expenses, litigation costs, bad debt expense and allocation of overhead expenses, including facilities, human resources and IT costs. 


Consolidated
 
Fiscal Year Ended
             
Fiscal Year Ended
             
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
   
Increase
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
   
Increase
 
(in thousands)
2006
 
2007
   
(Decrease)
 
2007
 
2008
   
(Decrease)
 
                                                 
Selling, general and administrative
  $ 153,094     $ 182,108     $ 29,014       19.0 %   $ 182,108     $ 189,156     $ 7,048       3.9 %
% of total consolidated net revenues
    20.4 %     22.7 %     2.3    
ppt.
      22.7 %     22.1 %     (0.6 )  
ppt.
 

Audio Communications Group
 
Selling, general and administrative
  $ 132,867     $ 151,857     $ 18,990       14.3 %   $ 151,857     $ 163,173     $ 11,316       7.5 %
% of total segment net revenues
    21.1 %     22.5 %     1.4    
ppt.
      22.5 %     21.8 %     (0.7 )  
ppt.
 

Audio Entertainment Group
Selling, general and administrative
  $ 20,227     $ 30,251     $ 10,024       49.6 %   $ 30,251     $ 25,983     $ (4,268 )     (14.1 )%
% of total segment net revenues
    16.8 %     24.5 %     7.7    
ppt.
      24.5 %     23.9 %     (0.6 )  
ppt.
 

In fiscal 2008, compared to fiscal 2007, consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses increased due to increased compensation as a result of merit increases and higher bonus and commission costs associated with higher net revenues and profits in ACG, partially offset by a decrease in expenses in AEG.

Fluctuations in the selling, general and administrative expenses of ACG and AEG in fiscal 2008 compared to fiscal 2007 were as follows:

ACG

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased due to the following:

 
·
increased compensation expense of $11.8 million as a result of merit increases and higher bonus and commission costs associated with higher net revenues and profits;
 
·
increased professional service fees of $3.4 million primarily related to increased retail rep fees resulting from higher net revenues and increased fees for accounting and tax services;
 
·
decreased marketing and sales promotions of $3.8 million.


AEG

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased due to the following:

 
·
decreased spending on integration and retention of employees of $2.7 million as we have completed significant portions of our planned systems integration;
 
·
increased allocation of support services to cost of revenues and research and development resulting in a decrease of $1.1million.

In fiscal 2007, compared to fiscal 2006, consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses increased primarily as a result of stock-based compensation charges of $10.2 million, of which $9.5 million related to ACG, increased compensation expense of $7.1 million due to higher headcount in sales, marketing and general administrative functions within the ACG segment and AEG expenses reflecting a full year of expenses compared to only seven and one-half months of expenses in fiscal 2006.

We anticipate that our consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses will be relatively flat in comparison to fiscal 2008.
 
Restructuring and Other Related Charges

In November 2007, the Company announced plans to close AEG’s manufacturing facility in Dongguan, China, to shut down a related Hong Kong research and development, sales and procurement office and to consolidate procurement, research and development activities for AEG in the Shenzhen, China site.  The selling, general and administrative functions of AEG in China will also be consolidated with those of ACG through-out the Asia-Pacific region.  These actions will result in the elimination of all manufacturing operation positions in Dongguan, China and certain related support functions.  In the third quarter of fiscal 2008, the production line at the Dongguan, China facility was shut down.  This restructuring plan is part of a strategic initiative designed to reduce fixed costs by outsourcing the majority of AEG manufacturing to the network of qualified contract manufacturers already in place.   The plan will proceed in phases and is expected to be complete in the third quarter of fiscal 2009.

In fiscal 2008, we recorded $3.6 million in restructuring and other related charges, which was comprised of the following:

 
·
$1.3 million for severance and benefits;
 
·
$1.5 million related to facilities and equipment including $0.5 million related to the write-off of production equipment and $1.0 million in accelerated depreciation for property and equipment to be abandoned;
 
·
$0.8 million in other related charges primarily related to professional and other administrative fees.

In November 2007, 730 employees were notified for termination, 708 in manufacturing, 20 in research and development and 2 in selling, general and administrative.  As of March 31, 2008, 672 employees have been terminated.

Including the $3.6 million recognized in fiscal 2008, we expect to record total restructuring charges of approximately $4.0 to $4.5 million, consisting of the following:

 
·
$1.6 million for the write-off of facilities and equipment and accelerated depreciation;
 
·
$1.4 million for severance and benefits;
 
·
$1.0 to $1.5 million in professional and administrative fees.

We expect to incur restructuring and other related charges of $0.4 to $0.9 million in fiscal 2009.  These charges include cash payments which we expect to fund from our operating cash.  We currently expect cost savings as a result of the restructuring plan of approximately $3.0 million in fiscal 2009 and $4.0 million in fiscal 2010.

Gain on Sale of Land

During the first quarter of fiscal 2007, we sold a parcel of land in Frederick, Maryland, for net proceeds of $2.7 million and recorded a gain of $2.6 million from the sale of this property.


Operating Income (Loss)
 
Consolidated
 
Fiscal Year Ended
             
Fiscal Year Ended
             
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
   
Increase
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
   
Increase
 
(in thousands)
2006
 
2007
   
(Decrease)
 
2007
 
2008
   
(Decrease)
 
                                                 
Operating income
  $ 110,362     $ 57,449     $ (52,913 )     (47.9 )%   $ 57,449     $ 79,383     $ 21,934       38.2 %
% of total consolidated net revenues
    14.7 %     7.2 %     (7.5 )  
ppt.
      7.2 %     9.3 %     2.1    
ppt.
 

Audio Communications Group
  
Operating income
  $ 99,851     $ 84,677     $ (15,174 )     (15.2 )%   $ 84,677     $ 115,166     $ 30,489       36.0 %
% of total segment net revenues
    15.9 %     12.5 %     (3.4 )  
ppt.
      12.5 %     15.4 %     2.9    
ppt.
 

Audio Entertainment Group

Operating income (loss)
  $ 10,511     $ (27,228 )   $ (37,739 )     (359.0 )%   $ (27,228 )   $ (35,783 )   $ (8,555 )     31.4 %
% of total segment net revenues
    8.7 %     (22.0 )%     (30.7 )  
ppt.
      (22.0 )%     (33.0 )%     (11.0 )  
ppt.
 

In fiscal 2008, compared to fiscal 2007, consolidated operating income increased due to higher net revenues and the 2.3 percentage point increase in gross profit in ACG, despite the absence of the $2.6 million gain on sale of land recognized in the first quarter of fiscal 2007 and restructuring and other related charges of $3.6 million recognized in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2008.  The improved operating results in ACG were partially offset by increased operating losses in AEG, primarily due to lower net revenues and gross profit and restructuring and other related charges.

In comparison to fiscal 2006, fiscal 2007 consolidated operating income decreased due to the 2.2 percentage point decrease in gross profit in ACG and increase in consolidated operating expenses of 2.6 percentage points as a percentage of revenue, primarily resulting from stock-based compensation charges of $16.9 million.  The increased expenses were partially offset by a $2.6 million pre-tax gain in the first quarter of fiscal 2007 due to the sale of land in Frederick, Maryland.

Operating margins may vary based on product mix shifts, product life cycles, and seasonality.   Until the product refresh in AEG is completed, we anticipate that the operating results for the AEG segment will reflect operating losses as the anticipated revenues will be insufficient to cover costs.
 
Interest and Other Income, Net
 
Consolidated
 
Fiscal Year Ended
             
Fiscal Year Ended
             
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
   
Increase
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
   
Increase
 
(in thousands)
2006
 
2007
   
(Decrease)
 
2007
 
2008
   
(Decrease)
 
                                         
Interest and other income (expense), net
  $ 2,192     $ 4,089     $ 1,897       86.5 %   $ 4,089     $ 5,854     $ 1,765       43.2 %
% of total net revenues
    0.3 %     0.5 %     0.2    
ppt.
      0.5 %     0.7 %     0.2    
ppt.
 

In comparison to fiscal 2007, interest and other income (expense), net in fiscal 2008 increased primarily due to higher interest income as a result of higher average cash balances and higher average yields, and lower interest expense resulting from the repayment of our line of credit in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007.

In comparison to fiscal 2006, interest and other income (expense), net in fiscal 2007 increased primarily due to a $2.3 million foreign exchange gain net of hedging, compared to a net foreign exchange loss of $1.2 million in fiscal 2006, due to strengthening of the Euro and Great British Pound against the U.S. dollar.  Partially offsetting this gain was a reduction in interest income as a result of lower average cash balances following the acquisition of Altec Lansing in fiscal 2006.  


Income Tax Expense

Consolidated
 
 
Fiscal Year Ended
       
Fiscal Year Ended
             
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
   
Increase
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
   
Increase
 
(in thousands)
2006
 
2007
   
(Decrease)
 
2007
 
2008
   
(Decrease)
 
                                         
Income before income taxes
  $ 112,554     $ 61,538     $ (51,016 )     (45.3 )%   $ 61,538     $ 85,237     $ 23,699       38.5 %
Income tax expense
    31,404       11,395       (20,009 )     (63.7 )%     11,395       16,842       5,447       47.8 %
Net income
  $ 81,150     $ 50,143     $ (31,007 )     (38.2 )%   $ 50,143     $ 68,395     $ 18,252       36.4 %
                                                                 
Effective tax rate
    27.9 %     18.5 %     (9.4 )  
ppt.
      18.5 %     19.8 %     1.3    
ppt.
 

In comparison to fiscal 2007, the increase in the effective rate for fiscal 2008 is primarily due to reduced federal tax credits in fiscal 2008 as the research credit was available for only nine months in fiscal 2008, compared to fifteen months in fiscal 2007 due to reinstatement of the credit retroactively to January 1, 2006.  We also benefited from a one-time solar credit in fiscal 2007.

In comparison to fiscal 2006, the decrease in the effective income tax rate in fiscal 2007 is primarily due to lower U.S. net income which was taxed at higher rates than our foreign income. The decline in U.S. net income was primarily due to the losses in AEG and stock-based compensation due to the adoption of SFAS No. 123R.   Stock-based compensation is proportionally higher in the U.S. than in our overseas locations which impacts our effective tax rate.

On April 1, 2007, we adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes – an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”). Under FIN 48, the impact of an uncertain income tax position on income tax expense must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized unless it has a greater than 50% likelihood of being sustained. There were no material adjustments as a result of the adoption of FIN 48. At the adoption date, we had $12.4 million of unrecognized tax benefits, $9.8 million of which would affect our income tax expense if recognized. The remaining balance of the unrecognized tax benefits of $2.6 million would be an adjustment to goodwill if recognized before April 1, 2009 prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 141R.  As of March 31, 2008, we had $12.4 million of unrecognized tax benefits all of which would favorably impact the effective tax rate in future periods if recognized.

Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate due to the impact of foreign operations taxed at different statutory rates, income tax credits, state taxes, and other factors.  The future tax rate could be impacted by a shift in the mix of domestic and foreign income, tax treaties with foreign jurisdictions, changes in tax laws in the United States or internationally, a return to profitability for the AEG business, or a change in estimate of future taxable income which could result in a valuation allowance being required.

FINANCIAL CONDITION
 
The table below provides selected consolidated cash flow information, for the periods indicated:

   
March 31,
   
March 31,
   
March 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2006
   
2007
   
2008
 
                   
Cash provided by operating activities
  $ 78,348      $ 73,048     $ 102,900  
                         
Cash used for capital expenditures and other assets
    (41,860 )     (24,028 )     (23,298 )
Cash used for acquisitions
    (165,393 )     -       -  
Cash provided by (used for) other investing activities
    156,387       1,546       (18,850 )
Cash used for investing activities
    (50,866 )     (22,482 )     (42,148 )
                         
Cash provided by (used for)  financing activities
  $ (36,558 )    $ (26,244 )   $ 5,618  
 
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
 
Cash flows from operating activities in fiscal 2008 consisted of net income of $68.4 million, non-cash charges of $44.7 million and working capital uses of cash of $10.2 million.  Non-cash charges consisted primarily of $28.5 million of depreciation and amortization, $16.0 million of stock-based compensation under SFAS No. 123(R), provision for excess and obsolete inventory of $7.8 million and restructuring and other related charges of $1.6 million.  Non-cash charges were partially offset by a $9.3 million non-cash benefit related to deferred income taxes.  Working capital uses of cash consisted primarily of increases in inventory and accounts receivable.  Inventory increased to support higher overall volumes and the transition of manufacturing of consumer headsets to our manufacturing facility in Suzhou, China.  Inventory turns remained flat at 3.8 for fiscal 2007 and 2008.  Accounts receivable increased due to higher net revenues.  Days Sales Outstanding as of March 31, 2008 was 57 days compared to 53 days as of March 31, 2007.  Working capital sources of cash consisted primarily of increases in accrued liabilities and income taxes payable which fluctuate with the timing of payments.
 
Cash flows from operating activities in fiscal 2007 consisted of net income of $50.1 million, non-cash charges of $49.5 million and working capital uses of cash of $26.6 million.  Non-cash charges consisted primarily of $29.2 million of depreciation and amortization, $16.9 million of stock-based compensation under SFAS No. 123(R) and provision for excess and obsolete inventory of $14.6 million.  Non-cash charges were partially offset by non-cash benefits of $8.4 million related to deferred income taxes and a $2.5 million gain on the disposal of property, plant and equipment.  Working capital uses of cash consisted primarily of increases in inventory related to finished goods for Bluetooth and wireless office products and working capital sources of cash consisted primarily of a decrease in accounts receivable and an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities which fluctuate with the timing of payments.

Cash flows from operating activities in fiscal 2006 consisted of net income of $81.2 million, non-cash charges of $35.8 million and working capital uses of cash of $38.6 million.  Non-cash charges consisted primarily of $23.1 million of depreciation and amortization, and provision for excess and obsolete inventory of $10.4 million.  Working capital uses of cash consisted primarily of increases in inventory related to raw material purchases for manufacturing for our Bluetooth and wireless office products and an increase in accounts receivable.  Working capital sources of cash consisted primarily of an increase in accounts payable and income taxes payable which fluctuate with the timing of payments.

In fiscal 2008, compared to fiscal 2007, operating cash flow increased by $29.9 million.  The increase in cash provided by operations is primarily attributable to the increase in net income and decreased spending on inventory in fiscal 2008 compared to the prior year.  The remaining increase is attributable to fluctuations in accrued liabilities and income taxes payable related to the timing of payments.
 
We expect that cash provided by operating activities may fluctuate in future periods as a result of a number of factors including fluctuations in our net revenues and operating results, collection of accounts receivable, changes to inventory levels and timing of payments.
 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
 
In fiscal 2008, net cash flows used for investing activities consisted of capital expenditures of $23.3 million primarily related building improvements at our corporate headquarters in Santa Cruz, CA and net purchases of short-term investments of $18.9 million.  

Net cash flows used for investing activities in fiscal 2007 consisted of capital expenditures of $24.0 million primarily related to building improvements at our corporate headquarters in Santa Cruz, CA, expansion of a warehouse facility in Milford, Pennsylvania, and the purchase of machinery and equipment, tooling, computers and software and net purchases of short-term investments of $1.1 million, offset by $2.7 million related to the sale of land in Frederick, Maryland in the first quarter of fiscal 2007.

In fiscal 2006, net cash flows used in investing activities consisted of the payment of $165.4 million to purchase Altec Lansing and capital expenditures of $41.9 million, offset by net proceeds from short-term investments of $156.4 million.
 
As our business grows, we may need additional facilities and capital expenditures to support our growth.  We will continue to evaluate new business opportunities and new markets. If we pursue new opportunities or markets in areas in which we do not have existing facilities, we may need additional expenditures to support future expansion.
 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities 
 
Net cash flows provided by financing activities in fiscal 2008 consisted of $9.8 million in proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options, $5.3 million in proceeds from the sale of treasury stock and $1.8 million of excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation, which was partially offset by dividend payments of $9.7 million and $1.5 million related to the repurchase of common stock.  


In fiscal 2007, net cash flows used for financing activities consisted of $22.0 million related to the repayment of the line of credit which was fully repaid in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, $4.0 million related to the repurchase of common stock and dividend payments of $9.5 million.  This was partially offset by $4.9 million in proceeds from the sale of treasury stock, $3.3 million in proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options and $1.2 million of excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation.

Net cash flows used for financing activities in fiscal 2006 consisted of $70.4 million related to the repurchase of common stock, $23.0 million related to the repayment of the line of credit, and dividend payments of $9.5 million.  This was partially offset by $45.0 million in proceeds from the line of credit, $16.9 million in proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options and $4.3 million in proceeds from the sale of treasury stock.
 
On April 29, 2008, we announced that our Board of Directors had declared a cash dividend of $0.05 per share of our common stock, payable on June 10, 2008 to stockholders of record on May 9, 2008.  We expect to continue our quarterly dividend of $0.05 per common share. The actual declaration of future dividends, and the establishment of record and payment dates, is subject to final determination by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of Plantronics each quarter after its review of our financial condition and financial performance, as well as meeting conditions under our credit agreement.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Our primary discretionary cash requirements historically have been for capital expenditures, including tooling for new products and leasehold improvements for facilities expansion.  In fiscal 2008, we completed the construction of the new industrial design wing at our Santa Cruz, California headquarters building and spent $2.7 million on capital expenditures for this project compared to $2.8 million in the prior year.  We have also spent $1.2 million in capital expenditures for the construction of a new data center at our Santa Cruz, California headquarters which we began in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 and over $2.0 million for various IT projects compared to $9.6 million spent in the prior year to improve our manufacturing facility in Tijuana, Mexico.
 
In fiscal 2009, we expect to spend $27.0 to $32.0 million in capital expenditures, primarily consisting of various IT projects, tooling for new products, and completion of the new data center.
 
At March 31, 2008, we had working capital of $335.0 million, including $163.1 million of cash and cash equivalents, compared with working capital of $258.4 million, including $103.4 million of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments at March 31, 2007.

We hold a variety of auction rate securities (“ARS”), primarily comprised of interest bearing state sponsored student loan revenue bonds guaranteed by the Department of Education. Historically, these ARS investments have provided liquidity via an auction process that resets the applicable interest rate at predetermined calendar intervals, typically every 7 or 35 days. The recent uncertainties in the credit markets have affected all of our holdings, and, as a consequence, these investments are not currently liquid.  As a result, we will not be able to access these funds until a future auction of these investments is successful, the underlying securities are redeemed by the issuer, or a buyer is found outside of the auction process.  Maturity dates for these ARS investments range from 2029 to 2039.  All of the ARS investments were investment grade quality and were in compliance with our investment policy at the time of acquisition. We currently have the ability to hold these ARS investments until a recovery of the auction process or until maturity. We have classified the entire ARS investment balance as long-term investments on our consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2008 because of our inability to determine when our investments in ARS will settle.
 
Typically the fair value of ARS investments approximates par value due to the frequent resets through the auction process. While we continue to earn interest on our ARS investments at the maximum contractual rate, these investments are not currently trading and therefore do not currently have a readily determinable market value. Accordingly, the estimated fair value of ARS no longer approximates par value.
 
We have used a discounted cash flow model to determine the estimated fair value of our investment in ARS as of March 31, 2008. The assumptions used in preparing the discounted cash flow model include estimates for interest rates, timing and amount of cash flows and expected holding periods of the ARS. Based on this assessment of fair value, as of March 31, 2008 we determined there was a decline in the fair value of our ARS investments of $2.9 million, which was deemed temporary.
 
The valuation of our investment portfolio is subject to uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Factors that may impact its valuation include changes to credit ratings of the securities as well as to the underlying assets supporting those securities, rates of default of the underlying assets, underlying collateral value, discount rates and ongoing strength and quality of market credit and liquidity.

If the current market conditions deteriorate further, or the anticipated recovery in market values does not occur, we may incur further temporary impairment charges requiring us to record additional unrealized losses in other comprehensive income (loss).  We could also incur other-than-temporary impairment charges resulting in realized losses in our statement of operations which would reduce net income. We continue to monitor the market for ARS transactions and consider their impact, if any, on the fair value of our investments.

 
Our short-term investments are intended to establish a high-quality portfolio that preserves principal, meets liquidity needs, avoids inappropriate concentrations and delivers an appropriate yield in relationship to our investment guidelines and market conditions. We have decided to modify our current investment strategy by limiting our investments in ARS to our current holdings and increasing our investments in more liquid investments.
 
We have a $100.0 million revolving line of credit and a letter of credit sub-facility. Borrowings under the line of credit are unsecured and bear interest at the London inter-bank offered rate (“LIBOR”) plus 0.75%.  The line of credit expires on August 1, 2010. The line of credit was fully repaid in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007.  At March 31, 2008, we had no outstanding borrowings under the credit facility and our commitments under a letter of credit sub-facility were $0.4 million. The amounts outstanding under the letter of credit sub-facility are principally associated with purchases of inventory. The terms of the credit facility contain financial covenants that materially limit our ability to incur additional debt and pay dividends, among other matters.  It also requires us to maintain, in addition to a minimum annual net income, a maximum leverage ratio and a minimum quick ratio. These financial covenants may adversely affect us to the extent we cannot comply with them. We are currently in compliance with the financial covenants under the credit facility.

We enter into foreign currency forward-exchange contracts, which typically mature in one month, to hedge our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations of foreign currency-denominated receivables, payables, and cash balances. We record on the balance sheet at each reporting period the fair value of our forward-exchange contracts and record any fair value adjustments in results of operations. Gains and losses associated with currency rate changes on contracts are recorded within interest and other income (expense), net, offsetting transaction gains and losses on the related assets and liabilities.

We also have a hedging program to hedge a portion of forecasted revenues denominated in the Euro and Great British Pound with put and call option contracts used as collars.  At each reporting period, we record the net fair value of our unrealized option contracts on the balance sheet with related unrealized gains and losses as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate element of stockholders’ equity.  Gains and losses associated with realized option contracts are recorded within revenue.

Our liquidity, capital resources, and results of operations in any period could be affected by the exercise of outstanding stock options, sale of restricted stock to employees, and the issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan.  Further, the resulting increase in the number of outstanding shares could affect our per share earnings.  However, we cannot predict the timing or amount of proceeds from the sale or exercise of these securities, or whether they will be exercised at all.

Our AEG segment has incurred operating losses, utilizing more cash than has been generated by that segment.  AEG’s cash deficits have been funded by the cash surpluses generated by ACG.  We anticipate that ACG’s cash surpluses will be sufficient to cover any cash deficits generated by AEG during the AEG turnaround.
 
We believe that our current cash, cash equivalents and cash provided by operations, and our line of credit will be sufficient to fund operations for at least the next twelve months. However, any projections of future financial needs and sources of working capital are subject to uncertainty.  See “Certain Forward-Looking Information” and “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for factors that could affect our estimates for future financial needs and sources of working capital.

OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
 
We have not entered into any transactions with unconsolidated entities whereby we have financial guarantees, subordinated retained interests, derivative instruments or other contingent arrangements that expose us to material continuing risks, contingent liabilities, or any other obligation under a variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing and liquidity support or market risk or credit risk support to the Company.
 
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
 
The following table summarizes the contractual obligations that we were reasonably likely to incur as of March 31, 2008 and the effect that such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.

 
   
Payments Due by Period
 
         
Less than
   
1-3
   
3-5
   
More than
 
(in thousands)
 
Total
   
1 year
   
years
   
years
   
5 years
 
                                   
Operating leases
  $ 16,317     $ 5,166     $ 7,913     $ 2,883     $ 355  
Unconditional purchase obligations
    110,687       110,687       -       -       -  
Total contractual cash obligations
  $ 127,004     $ 115,853     $ 7,913     $ 2,883     $ 355  

  
Effective April 1, 2007, we adopted the provisions of FIN 48.  As of March 31, 2008, the liabilities for uncertain tax positions and related interest were $12.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively.  We do not anticipate material cash payments to be made within the next twelve months associated with our uncertain tax positions.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
 
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon Plantronics’ consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we base estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that Plantronics’ management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Management believes the following critical accounting policies, among others, affect its more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements. Actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
 
We believe our most critical accounting policies and estimates include the following:
 
 
·
Revenue Recognition
 
·
Investments
 
·
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
 
·
Excess and Obsolete Inventory
 
·
Warranty
 
·
Goodwill and Intangibles
 
·
Income Taxes
 
·
Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Revenue Recognition 
 
Revenue from sales of products to customers is recognized when the following criteria have been met:
 
 
·
title and risk of ownership are transferred to customers;
 
·
persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists;
 
·
the price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and
 
·
collection is reasonably assured. 
 
We recognize revenue net of estimated product returns and expected payments to resellers for customer programs including cooperative advertising, marketing development funds, volume rebates, and special pricing programs.
 
Estimated product returns are deducted from revenues upon shipment, based on historical return rates, assumptions regarding the rate of sell-through to end users from our various channels based on historical sell-through rates and other relevant factors.  Such estimates may need to be revised and could have an adverse impact on revenues if product lives vary significantly from management estimates, a particular selling channel experiences a higher than estimated return rate, or sell-through rates are slower causing inventory build-up.
 
Co-op advertising and marketing development funds are accounted for in accordance with EITF Issue No. 01-09, “Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer or a Reseller of the Vendor’s Products”.  Under these guidelines, we accrue for these funds as marketing expense if we receive a separately identifiable benefit in exchange and can reasonably estimate the fair value of the identifiable benefit received; otherwise, the amount is recorded as a reduction to revenues.


Reductions to revenue for expected and actual payments to resellers for volume rebates and pricing protection are based on actual expenses incurred during the period, estimates for what is due to resellers for estimated credits earned during the period and any adjustments for credits based on actual activity. If the actual payments exceed management’s estimates, this could result in an adverse impact on our revenues. Since management has historically been able to reliably estimate the amount of allowances required for future price adjustments and product returns, we recognize revenue, net of projected allowances, upon recognition of the related sale. In situations where management is unable to reliably estimate the amount of future price adjustments and product returns, we defer recognition of the revenue until the right to future price adjustments and product returns lapses, and we are no longer under any obligation to reduce the price or accept the return of the product.
 
If market conditions warrant, we may take action to stimulate demand, which could include increasing promotional programs, decreasing prices, or increasing discounts. Such actions could result in incremental reductions to revenue and margins at the time such incentives are offered. To the extent that we reduce pricing, we may incur reductions to revenue for price protection based on management’s estimate of inventory in the channel that is subject to such pricing actions.
 
Investments
 
The goals of our investment policy, in order of priority, are preservation of capital, maintenance of liquidity, diversification and maximization of after-tax investment income.  Investments are limited to investment grade securities with limitations by policy on the percent of the total portfolio invested in any one issue.  All of our investments are held in our name at a limited number of major financial institutions. Investments with remaining maturities greater than one year and Auction Rate Securities ("ARS") that we do not have the ability and intent to liquidate within the next twelve months are classified as long-term investments.  Investments classified as short-term are carried at fair value based upon quoted market prices at the end of the reporting period.  Investments classified as long-term are carried at fair value based on a discounted cash flow model.  All investments are classified as available-for-sale with unrealized gains and losses recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity.   The specific identification method is used to determine the cost of securities disposed of, with realized gains and losses reflected in interest and other income, net.

Impairment on investments is determined pursuant to SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities”, and related guidance issued by the FASB and SEC in order to determine the classification of the impairment as “temporary” or “other-than-temporary”. A temporary impairment charge results in an unrealized loss being recorded in the other comprehensive income (loss) component of stockholders’ equity. Such an unrealized loss does not affect net income for the applicable accounting period. An other-than-temporary impairment charge is recorded as a realized loss in the consolidated statement of operations and reduces net income for the applicable accounting period. In evaluating the impairment of any individual ARS, we classified such impairment as temporary or other-than-temporary. The differentiating factors between temporary and other-than-temporary impairment are primarily the length of the time and the extent to which the market value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and the intent and ability of Plantronics to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
 
We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. We regularly perform credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and consider factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable balances, and geographic or country-specific risks and economic conditions that may affect a customers' ability to pay. The allowance for doubtful accounts is reviewed quarterly and adjusted if necessary based on management’s assessments of customer’s ability to pay. If the financial condition of customers should deteriorate, additional allowances may be required, which could have an adverse impact on operating expenses.

Inventory and Related Reserves
 
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market.  Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual cost, on a first-in, first-out basis.
 
Costs such as idle facility expense, double freight, and re-handling costs are accounted for as current-period charges. Additionally, we allocate fixed production overheads to the costs of conversion based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. All shipping and handling costs incurred in connection with the sale of products are included in the cost of revenues.

If we believe that demand no longer allows us to sell our inventory above cost or at all, we write down that inventory to market or write-off excess and obsolete inventories.  Write-downs are determined by reviewing our demand forecast and by determining what inventory, if any, is not saleable. Our demand forecast projects future shipments using historical rates and takes into account market conditions, inventory on hand, purchase commitments, product development plans and product life expectancy, inventory on consignment, and other competitive factors. If our demand forecast is greater than our actual demand, and we fail to reduce our supply chain accordingly, we could be required to write down additional inventory, which would have a negative impact on our gross profit.


At the point of inventory write-down, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis.
 
Product Warranty Obligations
 
Management provides for product warranties in accordance with the underlying contractual terms given to the customer or end user of the product.  The contractual terms may vary depending upon the geographic region in which the customer is located, the brand and type of product sold, and other conditions, which affect or limit the customers’ rights to return product under warranty.  Where specific warranty return rights are given to customers, management accrues for the estimated cost of those warranties at the time revenue is recognized. Generally, warranties start at the delivery date and continue for one or two years, depending on the type and brand, and the location in which the product was purchased.  Where specific warranty return rights are not given to the customer but where the customers are granted limited rights of return or discounts in lieu of warranty, management records these rights of return or discounts as adjustments to revenue.  In certain circumstances, we may sell product without warranty, and accordingly, no charge is taken for warranty.  Factors that affect the warranty obligation include sales terms, which obligate us to provide warranty, product failure rates, estimated return rates, material usage, and service delivery costs incurred in correcting product failures. Management assesses the adequacy of the recorded warranty obligation quarterly and makes adjustments to the obligation based on actual experience and changes in estimated future return rates.  If our estimates are less than the actual costs of providing warranty related services, we could be required to take additional warranty reserves, which would have a negative impact on our gross profit.
 
Goodwill and Intangibles
 
As a result of past acquisitions, the Company has recorded goodwill and intangible assets on the consolidated balance sheets.  In accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” we classify intangible assets into three categories: (1) goodwill; (2) intangible assets with indefinite lives not subject to amortization; and (3) intangible assets with definite lives subject to amortization.

Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized. Management performs a review at least annually, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, to determine if the carrying values of goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are impaired.

Goodwill has been measured as the excess of the cost of acquisition over the amount assigned to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed.  The identification and measurement of goodwill impairment involves the estimation of fair value at the Company’s reporting unit level. Such impairment tests for goodwill include comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value, including goodwill.  The estimates of fair values of reporting units are based on the best information available as of the date of the assessment, which primarily incorporate management assumptions about expected future cash flows, discount rates, overall market growth and our percentage of that market and growth rates in terminal values, estimated costs, and other factors, which utilize historical data, internal estimates, and in some cases outside data. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds management’s estimate of fair value, goodwill may become impaired, and the Company may be required to take an impairment charge, which would negatively impact our operating results. (See Note 7)

In performing the impairment test for intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, the Company compares the fair value of intangible assets with indefinite useful lives to its carrying value.  The fair value measurement of purchased intangible assets with indefinite lives involves the estimation of the fair value which is based on management assumptions about expected future cash flows, discount rates, growth rates, estimated costs and other factors which utilize historical data, internal estimates, and in some cases outside data.  If the carrying value of the indefinite useful life intangible asset exceeds management’s estimate of fair value, goodwill may become impaired, and the Company may be required to take an impairment charge which would negatively impact its operating results. 

Purchased intangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated economic lives of the assets, which range from five to ten years.    Long-lived assets, including intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Impairment of Long-Lived Assets,” (“SFAS No. 144”) whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable.  Such conditions may include an economic downturn or a change in the assessment of future operations.  Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition.  Measurement of an impairment loss for long-lived assets that management expects to hold and use is based on the amount that the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value.  Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. (See Note 8)


Income Taxes 
 
We are subject to income taxes both in the United States as well as in several foreign jurisdictions. Management must make certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for the financial statements. These estimates occur in the calculation of tax benefits and deductions, tax credits, and tax assets and liabilities which are generated from differences in the timing of when items are recognized for book purposes and when they are recognized for tax purposes.

We account for income taxes under an asset and liability approach that requires the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between book and tax bases of assets and liabilities to be recognized as deferred tax assets and liabilities. Valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred tax assets when, based on available objective evidence, it is more likely than not that the benefit of such assets will not be realized.

On April 1, 2007, the Company adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes – an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income tax positions. Under FIN 48, the impact of an uncertain income tax position on income tax expense must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained.  An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized unless it has a greater than 50% likelihood of being sustained. There were no material adjustments as a result of the adoption of FIN 48. We continue to follow the practice of recognizing interest and penalties related to income tax matters as a part of the provision for income taxes.
 
Stock-based Compensation Expense
 
During the first quarter of fiscal 2007, we adopted the provisions of, and now account for stock-based compensation in accordance with, Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) SFAS No. 123(R) which replaced SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” (“SFAS No. 123”) and supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB No. 25”). Under the fair value recognition provisions of this statement, our stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. We elected the modified-prospective adoption method, under which prior periods are not restated for comparative purposes. The valuation provisions of SFAS No. 123(R) apply to new grants, to unvested grants that were outstanding as of the effective date and to all outstanding awards subsequently modified. Estimated compensation for unvested grants that were outstanding as of the effective date will be recognized over the remaining service period using the compensation cost previously estimated for the SFAS No. 123 pro forma disclosures. We make regular assessments of the adequacy of our tax credit pool to determine if there are any deficiencies which require recognition in our consolidated statements of operations.

We calculate the fair value of restricted stock-based on the fair market value of our stock on the date of grant. We calculate the fair value of stock options and employee stock purchase plan shares using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The determination of the fair value of stock-based payment awards using an option-pricing model is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include our expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.
 
We estimate the volatility of our common stock-based on an equally weighted average of historical and implied volatility. Implied volatility is based on the volatility of our publicly traded options on our common stock. We determined that a blend of historical and implied volatility is more reflective of market conditions and a better indicator of expected volatility than using purely historical volatility, which we had used for our pro forma disclosures under SFAS No. 123 prior to fiscal 2007. We estimate the expected life of options granted based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock-based awards, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior. We base the risk-free interest rate on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected life of the option. We base the dividend yield assumption on our current dividend and the market price of our common stock at the date of grant. SFAS No. 123(R) requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on the Company’s historical experience.
 
On November 10, 2005, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 123(R)-3 "Transition Election Related to Accounting for Tax Effects of Share-Based Payment Awards." The Company has elected to adopt the alternative transition method provided in the FASB Staff Position for calculating the tax effects of stock-based compensation pursuant to SFAS No. 123(R). The alternative transition method includes simplified methods to establish the beginning balance of the additional paid-in capital pool ("APIC pool") related to the tax effects of employee stock-based compensation, and to determine the subsequent impact on the APIC pool and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows of the tax effects of employee stock-based compensation awards that are outstanding upon adoption of SFAS No. 123(R).


There are significant differences among valuation models, and there is a possibility that we will adopt different valuation models in the future. This may result in a lack of consistency in future periods and could materially affect the fair value estimate of stock-based payments. It may also result in a lack of comparability with other companies that use different models, methods and assumptions.


ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
The following discusses our exposure to market risk related to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.  This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties.  Actual results could vary materially as a result of a number of factors including those set forth in "Risk Factors Affecting Future Operating Results."
 
INTEREST RATE AND MARKET RISK
 
We had cash and cash equivalents totaling $94.1 million at March 31, 2007 compared to $163.1 million at March 31, 2008.  We had short-term investments of $9.2 million and zero at March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Cash equivalents have a maturity when purchased of three months or less; short-term investments have a maturity of greater than three months, and are classified as available-for-sale.   

We hold a variety of auction rate securities, or ARS, primarily comprised of interest bearing state sponsored student loan revenue bonds guaranteed by the Department of Education. Historically these ARS investments have provided liquidity via an auction process that resets the applicable interest rate at predetermined calendar intervals, typically every 7 or 35 days, allowing us to either roll over our holdings or gain immediate liquidity by selling such interests at par. The recent uncertainties in the credit markets have affected all of our holdings in ARS investments and auctions for our investments in these securities have failed to settle on their respective settlement dates. Consequently, the investments are not currently liquid, and we will not be able to access these funds until a future auction of these investments is successful, the underlying securities are redeemed by the issuer, or a buyer is found outside of the auction process. Maturity dates for these ARS investments range from 2029 to 2039.  All of the ARS investments were investment grade quality and were in compliance with our investment policy at the time of acquisition. We currently have the ability to hold these ARS investments until a recovery of the auction process or until maturity. We have classified the entire ARS investment balance as long-term investments on our consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2008 because of our inability to determine when our investments in ARS will settle.  During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, we determined there was a decline in the fair value of our ARS investments of $2.9 million, which was deemed temporary.
 
The valuation of our ARS investments are subject to uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Factors that may impact their valuation include changes in interest rates, timing and amount of cash flows, and expected holding periods of the ARS.

If the current market conditions deteriorate further, or the anticipated recovery in market values does not occur, we may incur further temporary impairment charges requiring us to record additional unrealized losses in other comprehensive income (loss).  We could also incur other-than-temporary impairment charges resulting in realized losses in the consolidated statement of operations which would reduce net income. We continue to monitor the market for ARS transactions and consider their impact (if any) on the fair value of our investments.
 
As of April 26, 2008, we had no borrowings under the revolving credit facility and $0.5 million committed under the letter of credit sub-facility.  If we choose to borrow additional amounts under this facility in the future and market interest rates rise, then our interest payments would increase accordingly.
 
FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATE RISK

We are engaged in a hedging strategy to diminish, and make more predictable, the effect of currency fluctuations. We hedge our balance sheet exposure by hedging Euro and Great British Pound denominated receivables, payables, and cash balances, and our economic exposure by hedging a portion of anticipated Euro and Great British Pound denominated sales; however, we can provide no assurance our strategy will be successfully implemented and that exchange rate fluctuations will not materially adversely affect our business in the future.

Non-designated Hedges

We hedge our Euro and Great British Pound denominated receivables, payables and cash balances by entering into foreign exchange forward contracts.
 
 The table below presents the impact of a hypothetical 10% appreciation and a 10% depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the forward currency contracts as of March 31, 2008 (in millions):

 
Currency - forward contracts
Position
 
USD Value of Net FX Contracts
   
FX Gain (Loss) From 10% Appreciation of USD
   
FX Gain (Loss)From 10% Depreciation of USD
 
Euro
Sell Euro
  $ 24.9     $ 2.5     $ (2.5 )
Great British Pound
Sell GBP
    12.3       1.2       (1.2 )
Net position
    $ 37.2     $ 3.7     $ (3.7 )


Cash Flow Hedges
 
Approximately 36%, 39%, and 39% of revenue in fiscal 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively, was derived from sales outside of the United States, which were predominantly denominated in the Euro and the Great British Pound in each of the fiscal years.

As of March 31, 2008, we had foreign currency call option contracts of approximately €48.4 million and £18.7 million denominated in Euros and Great British Pounds, respectively. As of March 31, 2008, we also had foreign currency put option contracts of approximately €48.4 million and £18.7 million denominated in Euros and Great British Pounds, respectively. Collectively, our option contracts hedge against a portion of our forecasted foreign denominated sales. If these net exposed currency positions are subjected to either a 10% appreciation or 10% depreciation versus the U.S. dollar, we could incur a gain of $9.9 million or a loss of $10.6 million.

The table below presents the impact on our currency option contracts of a hypothetical 10% appreciation and a 10% depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the indicated option contract type for cash flow hedges:

         
FX
   
FX
 
         
Gain (Loss)
   
Gain (Loss)
 
   
USD Value
   
From 10%
   
From 10%
 
   
of Net FX
   
Appreciation
   
Depreciation
 
Currency - option contracts
 
Contracts
   
of USD
   
of USD
 
Call options
  $ (109.0 )   $ 5.9     $ (9.8 )
Put options
    103.4       4.0       (0.8 )
Net position
  $ (5.6 )   $ 9.9     $ (10.6 )
 

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
 
PLANTRONICS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share data)
   
March 31,
 
   
2007
   
2008
 
             
ASSETS
           
Current assets:
           
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 94,131     $ 163,091  
Short-term investments
    9,234       -  
Accounts receivable, net
    113,758       131,493  
Inventory
    126,605       127,088  
Deferred income taxes
    12,659       13,760  
Other current assets
    18,474       14,771  
Total current assets
    374,861       450,203  
Long-term investments
    -       25,136  
Property, plant and equipment, net
    97,259       98,530  
Intangibles, net
    100,120       91,511  
Goodwill
    72,825       69,171  
Other assets
    6,239       6,842  
Total assets
  $ 651,304     $ 741,393  
                 
                 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
               
Current liabilities:
               
Accounts payable
  $ 49,956     $ 47,896  
Accrued liabilities
    54,025       67,318  
Income taxes payable
    12,476       -  
Total current liabilities
    116,457       115,214  
Deferred tax liability
    37,344       32,570  
Long-term income taxes payable
    -       14,137  
Other long-term liabilities
    696       852  
Total liabilities
    154,497       162,773  
                 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
               
Stockholders' equity:
               
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share; 1,000 shares authorized, no shares outstanding
    -       -  
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 100,000 shares authorized, 66,641 shares and 67,295 shares issued at 2007 and 2008, respectively
    666       673  
Additional paid-in capital
    340,661       369,655  
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
    2,666       (3,581 )
Retained earnings
    550,165       608,849  
      894,158       975,596  
Less: Treasury stock (common: 18,576 and 18,351 shares at 2007 and 2008, respectively) at cost
    (397,351 )     (396,976 )
Total stockholders' equity
    496,807       578,620  
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
  $ 651,304     $ 741,393  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


PLANTRONICS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)

   
Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 
   
2006
   
2007
   
2008
 
Net revenues
  $ 750,394     $ 800,154     $ 856,286  
Cost of revenues
    424,140       491,339       507,181  
Gross profit
    326,254       308,815       349,105  
Operating expenses:
                       
Research, development and engineering
    62,798       71,895       76,982  
Selling, general and administrative
    153,094       182,108       189,156  
Restructuring and other related charges
    -       -       3,584  
Gain on sale of land
    -       (2,637 )     -  
Total operating expenses
    215,892       251,366       269,722  
Operating income
    110,362       57,449       79,383  
Interest and other income, net
    2,192       4,089       5,854  
Income before income taxes
    112,554       61,538       85,237  
Income tax expense
    31,404       11,395       16,842  
Net income
  $ 81,150     $ 50,143     $ 68,395  
                         
Net income per share - basic
  $ 1.72     $ 1.06     $ 1.42  
                         
Shares used in basic per share calculations
    47,120       47,361       48,232  
                         
Net income per share - diluted
  $ 1.66     $ 1.04     $ 1.39  
                         
Shares used in diluted per share calculations
    48,788       48,020       49,090  
                         
Cash dividends declared per common share
  $ 0.20     $ 0.20     $ 0.20  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


PLANTRONICS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)

   
Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 
   
2006
   
2007
   
2008
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
                 
Net income
  $ 81,150     $ 50,143     $ 68,395  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    23,083       29,151       28,486  
Stock-based compensation
    1,161       16,919       15,992  
Provision for (benefit from) doubtful accounts
    1,518       (288 )     (232 )
Provision for excess and obsolete inventories
    10,424       14,551       7,776  
Deferred income taxes
    (4,595 )     (8,430 )     (9,313 )
Income tax benefit associated with stock option exercises
    4,141       501       1,459  
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation
    -       (1,208 )     (1,763 )
Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant, and equipment, net
    69       (2,535 )     253  
Impairment of intangible assets
    -       800       517  
Non-cash restructuring charges
    -       -       1,557  
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions:
                       
Accounts receivable
    (15,093 )     4,538       (19,196 )
Inventory
    (26,670 )     (35,140 )     (8,273 )
Other assets
    1,368       (5,334 )     (3,100 )
Accounts payable
    5,349       1,382       (2,060 )
Accrued liabilities
    (4,938 )     8,712       8,731  
Income taxes payable
    1,381       (714 )     13,671  
Cash provided by operating activities
    78,348       73,048       102,900  
                         
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
                       
Proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments
    604,510       311,439       328,285  
Purchase of short-term investments
    (448,123 )     (312,560 )     (347,135 )
Acquisitions of Altec Lansing and Octiv, net of cash acquired
    (165,393 )     -       -  
Proceeds from the sale of land
    -       2,667       -  
Capital expenditures and other assets
    (41,860 )     (24,028 )     (23,298 )
Cash used for investing activities
    (50,866 )     (22,482 )     (42,148 )
                         
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
                       
Purchase of treasury stock
    (70,395 )     (4,021 )     (1,542 )
Proceeds from sale of treasury stock
    4,333       4,886       5,346  
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
    16,916       3,266       9,762  
Proceeds from line of credit
    45,000       -       -  
Repayment of line of credit
    (22,957 )     (22,043 )     -  
Payment of cash dividends
    (9,455 )     (9,540 )     (9,711 )
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation
    -       1,208       1,763  
Cash (used for) provided by financing activities
    (36,558 )     (26,244 )     5,618  
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
    (619 )     1,106       2,590  
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
    (9,695 )     25,428       68,960  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
    78,398       68,703       94,131  
                         
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
  $ 68,703     $ 94,131     $ 163,091  
                         
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES
                       
Cash paid for:
                       
Interest
  $ 1,094     $ 632     $ 100  
Income taxes
  $ 32,156     $ 24,836     $ 13,027  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


PLANTRONICS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands)

                           
Accumulated
                   
                           
Other
               
Total
 
               
Additional
   
Deferred
   
Compre-
               
Stock-
 
   
Common Stock
   
Paid-In
   
Stock-Based
   
hensive
   
Retained
   
Treasury
   
holders'
 
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
Capital
   
Compensation
   
Income(Loss)
   
Earnings
   
Stock
   
Equity
 
Balances at March 31, 2005
    48,430      $ 651      $ 293,735      $ (2,220 )    $ 1,583      $ 437,867      $ (325,897 )    $ 405,719  
Net income
    -       -       -       -       -       81,150       -       81,150  
Foreign currency  translation adjustments
    -       -       -       -       (1,132 )     -       -       (1,132 )
Unrealized gain on hedges, net of tax
    -       -       -       -       3,183       -       -       3,183  
Comprehensive income
                                                            83,201  
Exercise of stock options
    884       8       16,905       -       -       -       -       16,913  
Issuance of restricted common stock
    276       3       7,540       (7,540 )     -       -       -       3  
Cash dividends declared
    -       -       -       -       -       (9,455 )     -       (9,455 )
Stock-based compensation
    -       -       -       1,161       -       -       -       1,161  
Income tax benefit associated  with stock options
    -       -       4,141       -       -       -       -       4,141  
Purchase of treasury stock
    (2,198 )     -       -       -       -       -       (70,395 )     (70,395 )
Sale of treasury stock
    146       -       3,443       -       -       -       890       4,333  
Balances at March 31, 2006
    47,538       662       325,764       (8,599 )     3,634       509,562       (395,402 )     435,621  
Net income
    -       -       -       -       -       50,143       -       50,143  
Foreign currency  translation adjustments
    -       -       -       -       2,006       -       -       2,006  
Unrealized loss on hedges, net of tax
    -       -       -       -       (2,974 )     -       -       (2,974 )
Comprehensive income
                                                            49,175  
Exercise of stock options
    331       3       3,262       -       -       -       -       3,265  
Issuance of restricted common stock
    79       1       -       -       -       -       -       1  
Repurchase of restricted common stock
    (39 )     -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Cash dividends declared
    -       -       -       -       -       (9,540 )     -       (9,540 )
Reclassification of unamortized   stock-based compensation  upon adoption of SFAS 123(R)
    -       -       (8,599 )     8,599       -       -       -       -  
Stock-based compensation
    -       -       16,919       -       -       -       -       16,919  
Income tax benefit associated  with stock options
    -       -       501       -       -       -       -       501  
Purchase of treasury stock
    (175 )     -       -       -       -       -       (4,021 )     (4,021 )
Sale of treasury stock
    331       -       2,814       -       -       -       2,072       4,886  
Balances at March 31, 2007
    48,065       666       340,661       -       2,666       550,165       (397,351 )     496,807  
Net income
    -       -       -       -       -       68,395       -       68,395  
Foreign currency  translation adjustments
    -       -       -       -       1,053       -       -       1,053  
Unrealized loss on hedges, net of tax
    -       -       -       -       (4,436 )     -       -       (4,436 )
Unrealized loss on long-term investments, net of tax
                                    (2,864 )                     (2,864 )
Comprehensive income
                                                            62,148  
Exercise of stock options
    576       6       9,755       -       -       -       -       9,761  
Issuance of restricted common stock
    113       1       -       -       -       -       -       1  
Repurchase of restricted common stock
    (35 )     -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Cash dividends declared
    -       -       -       -       -       (9,711 )     -       (9,711 )
Stock-based compensation
    -       -       15,992       -       -       -       -       15,992  
Income tax benefit associated  with stock options
    -       -       (182 )     -       -       -       -       (182 )
Purchase of treasury stock
    (82 )     -       -       -       -       -       (1,542 )     (1,542 )
Sale of treasury stock
    307       -       3,429       -       -       -       1,917       5,346  
Balances at March 31, 2008
    48,944     $ 673     $ 369,655     $ -     $ (3,581 )   $ 608,849     $ (396,976 )   $ 578,620  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


PLANTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
1.
THE COMPANY
 
Plantronics, Inc. (“Plantronics” or “the Company”) is a leading worldwide designer, manufacturer, and marketer of lightweight communications headsets, telephone headset systems, and accessories for the business and consumer markets under the Plantronics brand.  The Company is also a leading manufacturer and marketer of high quality docking audio products, computer and home entertainment sound systems, and a line of headphones for personal digital media under the Altec Lansing brand.
 
Founded in 1961, Plantronics is incorporated in the state of Delaware and trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “PLT”.
 
2.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Management's Use of Estimates and Assumptions
 
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements.  Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
 
Principles of Consolidation
 
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Plantronics and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
 
Segment Information
 
The Company has two reportable segments, Audio Communications Group (“ACG”) and Audio Entertainment Group (“AEG”).  (See Note 17)

Fiscal Year
 
The Company’s fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to the last day of March. Fiscal year 2008 ended on March 29, 2008, fiscal year 2007 ended on March 31, 2007, and fiscal year 2006 ended on April 1, 2006.  Each fiscal year consisted of 52 weeks.  For purposes of presentation, the Company has indicated its accounting year as ending on March 31.
 
Financial Instruments
 
The carrying values of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to their short maturities.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
All highly liquid investments with original or remaining maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase are classified as cash equivalents.
 
Investments
 
The goals of the Company's investment policy, in order of priority, are preservation of capital, maintenance of liquidity, diversification, and maximization of after-tax investment income.  Investments are limited to investment grade securities with limitations by policy on the percent of the total portfolio invested in any one issue.  All of the Company’s investments are held in the Company’s name at a limited number of major financial institutions. Investments with remaining maturities greater than one year and Auction Rate Securities ("ARS") that the Company does not have the ability and intent to liquidate within the next twelve months are classified as long-term investments.  Investments classified as short-term are carried at fair value based upon quoted market prices at the end of the reporting period.  Investments classified as long-term are carried at fair value based on a discounted cash flow model.  All investments are classified as available-for-sale with unrealized gains and losses recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity.   The specific identification method is used to determine the cost of securities disposed of, with realized gains and losses reflected in interest and other income, net.

 
Impairment on investments is determined pursuant to SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities”, and related guidance issued by the FASB and SEC in order to determine the classification of the impairment as “temporary” or “other-than-temporary”. A temporary impairment charge results in an unrealized loss being recorded in the other comprehensive income (loss) component of stockholders’ equity. Such an unrealized loss does not affect net income for the applicable accounting period. An other-than-temporary impairment charge is recorded as a realized loss in the consolidated statement of operations and reduces net income for the applicable accounting period. In evaluating the impairment of any individual ARS, the Company classified such impairment as temporary or other-than-temporary. The differentiating factors between temporary and other-than-temporary impairment are primarily the length of the time and the extent to which the market value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and the intent and ability of Plantronics to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value.

Derivatives
 
The Company accounts for its derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities and carries them at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation. For derivative instruments designated as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss is recognized in earnings in the period of change together with the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributed to the risk being hedged. For a derivative instrument designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the derivative’s gain or loss is initially reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity and subsequently reclassified into earnings when the hedged exposure affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss is reported in earnings immediately. For derivative instruments that are not designated as accounting hedges under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133 (“SFAS No. 133”), “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings in the period of change. The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for speculative trading purposes. Plantronics enters into derivatives only with counterparties that are among the largest U.S. banks, ranked by assets, in order to minimize its credit risk. (See Note 14)
 
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
 
The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. Plantronics regularly performs credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and considers factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable balances, and geographic or country-specific risks and economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. The allowance for doubtful accounts is reviewed quarterly and adjusted if necessary based on management’s assessments. If the financial condition of customers should deteriorate, additional allowances may be required which could have an adverse impact on operating expenses.
 
Inventory and Related Reserves
 
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market.  Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual cost, on a first-in, first-out basis.  

Costs such as idle facility expense, double freight, and re-handling costs are accounted for as current-period charges. Additionally, the Company allocates fixed production overheads to the costs of conversion based on the normal capacity of the production facilities.  All shipping and handling costs incurred in connection with the sale of products are included in the cost of revenues.
 
If the Company believes that demand no longer allows the Company to sell inventory above cost or at all, management writes down that inventory to market or writes-off excess and obsolete inventories. Write-downs are determined by reviewing the Company’s demand forecast and by determining what inventory, if any, is not saleable. The Company’s demand forecast projects future shipments using historical rates and takes into account market conditions, inventory on hand, purchase commitments, product development plans and product life expectancy, inventory on consignment, and other competitive factors. If the Company’s demand forecast is greater than actual demand, it could be required to write down additional inventory, which would have a negative impact on the Company’s gross profit.
 
At the point of inventory write-down, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis.


Product Warranty Obligations
 
The Company provides for product warranties in accordance with the underlying contractual terms given to the customer or end user of the product.  The contractual terms may vary depending upon the geographic region in which the customer is located, the brand and type of product sold, and other conditions, which affect or limit the customers’ rights to return product under warranty.  Where specific warranty return rights are given to customers, management accrues for the estimated cost of those warranties at the time revenue is recognized. Generally, warranties start at the delivery date and continue for one or two years, depending on the type and brand, and the location in which the product was purchased.  Where specific warranty return rights are not given to the customer but where the customers are granted limited rights of return or discounts in lieu of warranty, management records these rights of return or discounts as adjustments to revenue.  In certain circumstances, the Company may sell product without warranty, and accordingly, no charge is taken for warranty.  Factors that affect the warranty obligation include sales terms, which obligate the Company to provide warranty, product failure rates, estimated return rates, material usage, and service delivery costs incurred in correcting product failures. Management assesses the adequacy of the recorded warranty obligation quarterly and makes adjustments to the obligation based on the actual experience and changes in estimates of future return rates.

Goodwill and Intangibles
 
As a result of past acquisitions, the Company has recorded goodwill and intangible assets on the consolidated balance sheets.  In accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” (“SFAS No. 142”) we classify intangible assets into three categories: (1) goodwill; (2) intangible assets with indefinite lives not subject to amortization; and (3) intangible assets with definite lives subject to amortization.

Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized. Management performs a review at least annually, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, to determine if the carrying values of goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are impaired.

Goodwill has been measured as the excess of the cost of acquisition over the amount assigned to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed.  The identification and measurement of goodwill impairment involves the estimation of  fair value at the Company’s reporting unit level. Such impairment tests for goodwill include comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value, including goodwill.  The estimates of fair values of reporting units are based on the best information available as of the date of the assessment, which primarily incorporate management assumptions about expected future cash flows, discount rates, growth rates, estimated costs, and other factors, which utilize historical data, internal estimates, and in some cases outside data. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds management’s estimate of fair value, goodwill may become impaired, and the Company may be required to take an impairment charge, which would negatively impact our operating results. (See Note 7)

In performing the impairment test for intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, the Company compares the fair value of intangible assets with indefinite useful lives to its carrying value.  The fair value measurement of purchased intangible assets with indefinite lives involves the estimation of the fair value which is based on management assumptions about expected future cash flows, discount rates, growth rates, estimated costs and other factors which utilize historical data, internal estimates, and in some cases outside data.  If the carrying value of the indefinite useful life intangible asset exceeds management’s estimate of fair value, goodwill may become impaired, and the Company may be required to take an impairment charge which would negatively impact its operating results. 

Purchased intangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated economic lives of the assets, which range from five to ten years.    Long-lived assets, including intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Impairment of Long-Lived Assets,” (“SFAS No. 144”) whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable.  Such conditions may include an economic downturn or a change in the assessment of future operations.  Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition.  Measurement of an impairment loss for long-lived assets that management expects to hold and use is based on the amount that the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value.  Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. (See Note 8)
 
Property, Plant and Equipment
 
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is principally calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which range from one to 30 years.  Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the remaining lease term.  Depreciation and amortization expense for fiscal 2006, 2007 and 2008 was $16.1 million, $20.8 million and $20.3 million, respectively.


Costs associated with internal-use software are recorded in accordance with Statement of Position No. 98-1 (“SOP 98-1”), “Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use.”  Capitalized software costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life.  Unamortized capitalized software costs were $5.6 million and $7.2 million at March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively.  The amounts amortized to expense were $3.6 million, $3.1 million, and $2.4 million in fiscal 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
Revenue from sales of products to customers is recognized when the following criteria have been met:
 
 
·
title and risk of ownership are transferred to customers;
 
·
persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists;
 
·
the price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and
 
·
collection is reasonably assured. 
 
Plantronics recognizes revenue net of estimated product returns and expected payments to resellers for customer programs including cooperative advertising, marketing development funds, volume rebates, and special pricing programs.
 
Estimated product returns are deducted from revenues upon shipment, based on historical return rates, assumptions regarding the rate of sell-through to end users from our various channels based on historical sell-through rates and other relevant factors.  Such estimates may need to be revised and could have an adverse impact on revenues if product lives vary significantly from management estimates, a particular selling channel experiences a higher than estimated return rate, or sell-through rates are slower causing inventory build-up.
 
Co-op advertising and marketing development funds are accounted in accordance with EITF Issue No. 01-09, “Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer or a Reseller of the Vendor’s Products”.  Under these guidelines, the Company accrues for these funds as marketing expense if it receives a separately identifiable benefit in exchange and can reasonably estimate the fair value of the identifiable benefit received; otherwise, it is recorded as a reduction to revenues.
 
Reductions to revenue for expected and actual payments to resellers for volume rebates and pricing protection are based on actual expenses incurred during the period, estimates for what is due to resellers for estimated credits earned during the period and any adjustments for credits based on actual activity. If the actual payments exceed management’s estimates, this could result in an adverse impact on the Company’s revenues. Since management has historically been able to reliably estimate the amount of allowances required for future price adjustments and product returns, the Company recognizes revenue, net of projected allowances, upon recognition of the related sale. In situations where management is unable to reliably estimate the amount of future price adjustments and product returns, the Company defers recognition of the revenue until the right to future price adjustments and product returns lapses, and the Company is no longer under any obligation to reduce the price or accept the return of the product.
 
If market conditions warrant, Plantronics may take actions to stimulate demand, which could include increasing promotional programs, decreasing prices, or increasing discounts. Such actions could result in incremental reductions to revenues and margins at the time such incentives are offered. To the extent that Plantronics reduces pricing, the Company may incur reductions to revenue for price protection based on management’s estimate of inventory in the channel that is subject to such pricing actions.
 
Advertising Costs
 
Plantronics expenses all advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 was $18.2 million, $13.2 million and $9.9 million, respectively.
 
Income Taxes 
 
Plantronics is subject to income taxes both in the United States as well as in several foreign jurisdictions. The Company must make certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for its financial statements. These estimates occur in the calculation of tax benefits and deductions, tax credits, and tax assets and liabilities which are generated from differences in the timing of when items are recognized for book purposes and when they are recognized for tax purposes.
 
On April 1, 2007, the Company adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes – an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”).  Under FIN 48, the impact of an uncertain income tax position on income tax expense must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized unless it has a greater than 50% likelihood of being sustained.  There were no material adjustments as a result of the adoption of FIN 48. At the adoption date, the Company had $12.4 million of unrecognized tax benefits, $9.8 million of which would affect income tax expense if recognized. The remaining balance of the unrecognized tax benefits of $2.6 million would be an adjustment to goodwill if recognized before April 1, 2009 prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 141R.  As of March 31, 2008, the Company had $12.4 million of unrecognized tax benefits all of which would favorably impact the effective tax rate in future periods if recognized.


Plantronics accounts for income taxes under an asset and liability approach that requires the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between book and tax bases of assets and liabilities to be recognized as deferred tax assets and liabilities. Valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred tax assets when, based on available objective evidence, it is more likely than not that the benefit of such assets will not be realized.  
 
Earnings Per Share
 
Basic net income per share is computed by dividing the net income for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, less common stock subject to repurchase.  Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing the net income for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive common stock outstanding during the period.  Potentially dilutive common shares include shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, the vesting of restricted stock awards and from withholdings associated with the Company’s employee stock purchase plan, which are reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method.  Under the treasury stock method, the amount that the employee must pay for exercising stock options, the amount of stock-based compensation cost for future services that the Company has not yet recognized, and the amount of tax benefit that would be recorded in additional paid-in capital upon exercise are assumed to be used to repurchase shares.  (See Note 16)
 
Comprehensive Income
 
Comprehensive income consists of two components, net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income refers to income, expenses, gains and losses that under generally accepted accounting principles are recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity but are excluded from net income. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), as presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, consists of foreign currency translation adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, net of tax and unrealized gains and losses related to the Company’s investments, net of tax.
 
Foreign Operations and Currency Translation

The functional currency of the Company’s foreign sales and marketing offices, except for the Netherlands entity, is the local currency of the respective operations. For these foreign operations, the Company translates assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date and translates revenues and expenses using average monthly exchange rates. The resulting cumulative translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of stockholders' equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The functional currency of the Company’s European finance, sales and logistics headquarters in the Netherlands, sales office, warehouse and distribution center in Hong Kong, sales office and warehouse in Japan, and manufacturing facilities in Tijuana, Mexico and Suzhou, China and foreign research and development facilities, is the U.S. dollar. For these foreign operations, assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are re-measured at the period-end or historical rates, as appropriate. Revenues and expenses are re-measured at average monthly rates which the Company believes to be a fair approximation of actual rates. Currency transaction gains and losses are recognized in current operations.
 
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
 
Effective April 2, 2006, the first day of fiscal year 2007, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123-Revised 2004 (“SFAS No. 123(R)”), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and non-employee directors based on estimated fair values. SFAS No. 123(R) replaced SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” (“SFAS No. 123”), and supersedes the Company’s previous accounting under the intrinsic value method prescribed by Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB 25”). Under the intrinsic value method, with the exception of the Company’s restricted stock awards, the Company generally recorded no stock-based compensation expense associated with its stock option and ESPP awards.


The Company elected to apply the modified prospective transition adoption method as provided by SFAS No. 123(R), and consequently, previously reported amounts have not been restated. Under this method, compensation expense for share-based payments include: (a) compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards granted prior to but not yet vested as of April 2, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS  No. 123, and (b) compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards granted or modified on or after April 2, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R). The estimated fair value of the Company’s stock-based awards is amortized over the vesting period of the awards on a straight-line basis. Compensation expense is recognized only for those awards that are expected to vest, and as such, amounts have been reduced by estimated forfeitures.  Previously, under SFAS No. 123, the Company recorded forfeitures as they occurred.

Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R), benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation costs were reported as operating cash flows in the consolidated statements of cash flows. SFAS No. 123(R) requires that they be reported as a financing cash inflow rather than as an operating cash inflow.

The Company has elected to adopt the alternative transition method provided in FASB Staff Position No. 123(R)-3, "Transition Election Related to Accounting for Tax Effects of Share-Based Payment Awards" for calculating the tax effects of stock-based compensation pursuant to SFAS No. 123(R). The alternative transition method includes simplified methods to establish the beginning balance of the additional paid-in capital pool ("APIC pool") related to the tax effects of employee stock-based compensation, and to determine the subsequent impact on the APIC pool and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows of the tax effects of employee stock-based compensation awards that are outstanding upon adoption of SFAS No. 123(R).

Concentration of Risk
 
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, short-term securities, long-term investments, and trade receivables. Plantronics’ investment policies for cash limit investments to those that are short-term and low risk and also limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer and restrict placement of these investments to issuers evaluated as creditworthy.  With the recent uncertainties in the credit markets, the Company has classified all of its ARS investments as long-term since these investments are not currently liquid, and the Company will not be able to access these funds until a future auction of these investments is successful, the underlying securities are redeemed by the issuer, or a buyer is found outside of the auction process.  All of the ARS investments are investment grade quality and were in compliance with the Company’s investment policy at the time of acquisition.  Cash equivalents have a maturity when purchased, of three months or less; short-term securities have a maturity, when purchased, of greater than three months. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade receivables are generally limited due to the large number of customers that comprise the Company’s customer base and their dispersion across different geographies and markets. Plantronics performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers' financial condition and generally requires no collateral from its customers. The Company maintains an allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable based upon expected collectibility of all accounts receivable.
 
Certain components that meet the Company’s requirements are available only from a limited number of suppliers. The rapid rate of technological change and the necessity of developing and manufacturing products with short lifecycles may intensify these risks. The inability to obtain components as required, or to develop alternative sources, as required in the future, could result in delays or reductions in product shipments, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
 
Other Guarantees and Obligations
 
As permitted and/or required under Delaware law and to the maximum extent allowable under that law, the Company has agreements whereby it indemnifies its current and former officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was, serving at the Company’s request in such capacity. These indemnifications are valid as long as the director or officer acted in good faith and in a manner that a reasonable person believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation, and with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, the Company has a director and officer insurance policy that may, within the coverage afforded by the policy, limit its exposure and enable it to recover a portion of any future amounts paid.
 
As is customary in the Company’s industry, as provided for in local law in the U.S. and other jurisdictions, Plantronics’ standard contracts provide remedies to its customers, such as defense, settlement, or payment of judgment for intellectual property claims related to the use of its products. From time to time, the Company indemnifies customers against combinations of loss, expense, or liability arising from various trigger events relating to the sale and use of its products and services. In addition, Plantronics also provides protection to customers against claims related to undiscovered liabilities, additional product liability or environmental obligations.  In the Company’s experience, claims made under these indemnifications are rare and the associated estimated fair value of the liability is not material.


3.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
 
 
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS No. 157”), which defines fair value, establishes guidelines for measuring fair value and expands disclosures regarding fair value measurements.   In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) FAS 157-1, “Application of FASB Statement No. 157 to FASB Statement No. 13 and Other Accounting Pronouncements That Address Fair Value Measurements for Purposes of Lease Classification or Measurement under Statement 13”, which amends SFAS No. 157 to exclude accounting pronouncements that address fair value measurements for purposes of lease classification or measurement under SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases”. In February 2008, the FASB also issued FSP FAS 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157”, which delays the effective date of  SFAS No. 157 until the first quarter of fiscal 2010 for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually).  SFAS No. 157 does not require any new fair value measurements but rather eliminates inconsistencies in guidance found in various prior accounting pronouncements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for the Company beginning on April 1, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting the provisions of SFAS No. 157 on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“SFAS No. 159”). SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in earnings. SFAS No. 159 also amends certain provisions of SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities” (“SFAS No. 115”). SFAS No. 159 is effective for the Company beginning on April 1, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS No. 159 on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2007, the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) reached a consensus on Issue No. 06-11, “Accounting for Income Tax Benefits of Dividends on Share-Based Payment Awards” (“EITF 06-11”). EITF 06-11 states that an entity should recognize a realized tax benefit associated with dividends on non-vested equity shares, non-vested equity share units and outstanding equity share options charged to retained earnings as an increase in additional paid in capital. The amount recognized in additional paid in capital should be included in the pool of excess tax benefits available to absorb potential future tax deficiencies on share-based payment awards. EITF 06-11 should be applied prospectively to income tax benefits of dividends on equity-classified share-based payment awards that are declared in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007.  The adoption of EITF Issue No. 06-11 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
In June 2007, the FASB ratified the EITF Issue No. 07-3, “Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services to Be Used in Future Research and Development Activities”. EITF Issue No. 07-3 requires non-refundable advance payments for goods and services to be used in future research and development activities to be recorded as an asset and expensing the payments when the research and development activities are performed. EITF Issue No. 07-3 applies prospectively for new contractual arrangements entered into in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007. The adoption of EITF Issue No. 07-3 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” ("SFAS No. 141(R)"), which replaces SFAS No. 141. SFAS No. 141R retains the purchase method of accounting for acquisitions, but requires a number of changes, including changes in the way assets and liabilities are recognized in the purchase accounting. It also changes the recognition of assets acquired and liabilities assumed arising from contingencies, requires the capitalization of in-process research and development at fair value, and requires the expensing of acquisition-related costs as incurred. SFAS No. 141(R) is effective for the Company beginning April 1, 2009 and will apply prospectively to any business combinations completed on or after that date, except that resolution of certain tax contingencies and adjustments to valuation allowances related to business combinations, which previously were adjusted to goodwill, will be adjusted to income tax expense for all such adjustments after April 1, 2009, regardless of the date of the original business combination.

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities—an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133” (“SFAS No. 161”). SFAS No. 161 requires enhanced disclosures about how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for and their effect on an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. SFAS No. 161 will be effective in the first quarter of fiscal year 2010. The Company is evaluating the impact that this statement will have, if any, on its consolidated financial statements.
 
  
4.
INVESTMENTS
 
The following table presents the Company’s investments at March 31, 2007 and 2008:
 
(in thousands)
 
Balances at March 31, 2007
   
Balances at March 31, 2008
 
   
Cost
   
Unrealized
   
Accrued
   
Fair
   
Cost
   
Unrealized
   
Accrued
   
Fair
 
   
Basis
   
Gain(Loss)
   
Interest
   
Value
   
Basis
   
Gain(Loss)
   
Interest
   
Value
 
Short-term investments:
                                               
Auction rate securities
  $ 9,150     $ -     $ 84     $ 9,234     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -  
Total short-term investments
    9,150       -       84       9,234       -       -       -       -  
Long-term investments:
    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Auction rate securities
    -       -       -       -       28,000       (2,864 )     -       25,136  
Total long-term investments
    -       -       -       -       28,000       (2,864 )     -       25,136  
Total short-term and long-term investments
  $ 9,150     $ -     $ 84     $ 9,234     $ 28,000     $ (2,864 )   $ -     $ 25,136  

 
At March 31, 2007 and 2008, all of the Company’s investments were classified as available-for-sale and consisted of ARS.   The Company holds a variety of ARS, primarily comprised of interest bearing state sponsored student loan revenue bonds. Historically these ARS investments have provided liquidity via an auction process that resets the applicable interest rate at predetermined calendar intervals, typically every 7 or 35 days, allowing the Company to either roll over the holdings or gain immediate liquidity by selling such interests at par. The recent uncertainties in the credit markets have affected all of the Company’s holdings in ARS investments and auctions for the Company’s investments in these securities have failed to settle on their respective settlement dates. Consequently, the investments are not currently liquid and the Company will not be able to access these funds until a future auction of these investments is successful, the underlying securities are redeemed by the issuer, or a buyer is found outside of the auction process. Maturity dates for these ARS investments range from 2029 to 2039. All of the ARS investments are investment grade quality and were in compliance with the Company’s investment policy at the time of acquisition. The Company currently has the ability to hold these ARS investments until a recovery of the auction process or until maturity. The Company has classified the entire ARS investment balance as long-term investments on its consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2008 because of the Company’s inability to determine when its investments in ARS will settle.
 
Historically, the fair value of ARS investments has approximated par value due to the frequent resets through the auction process. While the Company continues to earn interest on its ARS investments at the maximum contractual rate, these investments are not currently trading and therefore do not currently have a readily determinable market value. Accordingly, the estimated fair value of ARS no longer approximates par value.
 
The Company has used a discounted cash flow model to determine the estimated fair value of its investment in ARS as of March 31, 2008. The assumptions used in preparing the discounted cash flow model include estimates for interest rates, timing and amount of cash flows and expected holding periods of the ARS. Based on this assessment of fair value, as of March 31, 2008 the Company determined there was a decline in the fair value of its ARS investments of $2.9 million, which was deemed temporary.  The differentiating factors between temporary and other-than-temporary impairment are primarily the length of the time and the extent to which the market value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and the intent and ability of Plantronics to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value.  The Company recorded a full valuation allowance against the associated deferred tax asset due to the uncertainty in realizing this asset.

The Company did not incur any realized gains or losses in the years ended March 31, 2006, 2007, and 2008.


5.
DETAILS OF CERTAIN BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNTS

   
March 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2007
   
2008
 
       
Accounts receivable, net:
           
             
Accounts receivable
  $ 149,731     $ 171,611  
Less: provisions for returns, promotions and rebates
    (30,895 )     (38,383 )
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts
    (5,078 )     (1,735 )
    $ 113,758     $ 131,493  
                 
Inventory, net:
               
                 
Purchased parts
  $ 57,406     $ 36,081  
Work in process
    6,268       3,611  
Finished goods
    62,931       87,396  
    $ 126,605     $ 127,088  
                 
Property, plant and equipment, net:
               
                 
Land
  $ 8,630     $ 8,647  
Buildings and improvements (useful life 7-30 years)
    64,693       70,518  
Machinery and equipment (useful life 2-10 years)
    120,619       131,779  
Construction in progress
    5,622       6,071  
      199,564       217,015  
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
    (102,305 )     (118,485 )
    $ 97,259     $ 98,530  
                 
Accrued liabilities:
               
                 
Employee compensation and benefits
  $ 20,574     $ 25,089  
Warranty accrual
    7,240       10,441  
Accrued advertising and sales and marketing
    5,104       5,762  
Accrued other
    21,107       26,026  
    $ 54,025     $ 67,318  
 
Changes in the warranty obligation, which are included as a component of accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, are as follows:


(in thousands)
     
       
Warranty obligation at March 31, 2006
  $ 6,276  
Warranty provision relating to products shipped during the year
    15,946  
Deductions for warranty claims processed
    (14,982 )
Warranty obligation at March 31, 2007
    7,240  
Warranty provision relating to products shipped during the year
    22,095  
Deductions for warranty claims processed
    (18,894 )
Warranty obligation at March 31, 2008
  $ 10,441  
 

6.
ACQUISITIONS
 
Octiv, Inc.
 
On April 4, 2005, Plantronics completed the acquisition of Octiv, Inc. (“Octiv”), a privately held company, for $7.8 million in cash  including $0.4 million of direct acquisition costs pursuant to the terms of an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated March 28, 2005.  Octiv was merged into the Company subsequent to the acquisition and its name was changed to Volume Logic™, Inc. (“Volume Logic”). The results of operations of Volume Logic have been included in the Company’s consolidated results of operations beginning on April 4, 2005.
 
As a result of the acquisition, the Company recorded goodwill of $2.2 million which was allocated to the ACG segment and is not deductible for tax purposes.  In addition, the Company recorded $4.5 million of intangible assets related to the purchase of existing technologies which was estimated to have a useful life of ten years and is being amortized on a straight-line basis to cost of revenues.

 
Altec Lansing Technologies, Inc.
 
On August 18, 2005, the Company completed the acquisition of Altec Lansing Technologies, Inc., a privately-held Pennsylvania corporation (“Altec Lansing”) for a cash purchase price including acquisition costs of approximately $165 million.  The Company paid for the acquisition by drawing down $45.0 million on its credit facility and the remainder was paid using its cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments.  The results of operations of Altec Lansing have been included in the Company’s consolidated results of operations beginning on August 18, 2005.  

The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the purchase price of approximately $165 million, consisting of cash and other costs directly related to the acquisition as follows:

 
(in thousands)
     
       
Paid to Altec Lansing
  $ 154,273  
Payment of Altec Lansing pre-existing debt
    9,906  
Direct acquisition costs
    977  
Total cash consideration
  $ 165,156  

 
The purchase price has been allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities acquired on the basis of their respective fair values on the acquisition date.
 
The following table presents an allocation of the purchase price:

(in thousands)
 
Fair Value at August 18, 2005
 
       
Total cash consideration
  $ 165,156  
Less cash balance acquired
    7,577  
      157,579  
Allocated to:
       
Prepaid compensation
    1,067  
Inventory
    27,524  
Other current assets
    17,630  
Property, plant, and equipment, net
    8,290  
         
Identifiable intangible assets
    108,300  
Deferred tax assets
    4,424  
Current liabilities assumed
    (29,368 )
Deferred tax liability
    (22,691 )
Goodwill
  $ 42,403  
 

Goodwill was recorded based on the residual purchase price after allocating the purchase price to the fair market value of tangible and intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed. Goodwill arises as a result of, among other factors, future unidentified new products, new technologies and new customers as well as the implicit value of future cost savings as a result of the combining of entities.  The goodwill arising from this acquisition was allocated to the AEG segment and is not deductible for tax purposes under Internal Revenue Code Section 197.

The fair value and estimated useful lives (amortization period) of identifiable intangible assets acquired are as follows:

(in thousands)
 
Fair Value
 
Useful Life
         
Existing technology
  $ 24,200  
6 years
OEM relationships
    700  
7 years
Customer relationships
    17,600  
8 years
Trade name - inMotion
    5,000  
8 years
Trade name - Altec Lansing
    59,100  
Not amortized
In-process technology
    900  
Fully expensed in the second  fiscal quarter of 2006
           
Total
  $ 107,500    

Existing technology represents audio products that had been introduced into the market, were generating revenue and/or had reached technological feasibility as of the close of the transaction. The value was calculated based on the present value of the future estimated cash flows derived from this technology applying a 10% discount rate. Existing technology is estimated to have a useful life of six years and is being amortized on a straight-line basis to cost of revenues.

The fair value of customer relationships with OEMs and non-OEMs, which includes major retailers and distributors, was calculated based on the present value of the future estimated cash flows that can be attributed to the existing OEM and non-OEM customer relationships applying a 19% discount rate. Based on historical attrition rates and technological obsolescence, the useful life of the customer relationships was estimated to be seven years for OEM customer relationships and eight years for non-OEM customer relationships and is being amortized on a straight-line basis to selling, general and administrative expense.

The value of the trade name “inMotion,” was calculated based on the present value of the capitalized royalties saved on the use of the inMotion trade name applying a 12% discount rate.  The inMotion trade name is relatively new and relates to specific niches of the Docking Audio market.  Based on product life cycles, history relating to the category of products for which the inMotion brand is utilized, and similar product trademarks within the retail industry, the estimated remaining useful life was determined to be eight years and is being amortized on a straight-line basis to selling, general, and administrative expense.

The value of the trade name, “Altec Lansing,” was also calculated based on the present value of the capitalized royalties saved on the use of the Altec Lansing trade name applying a 12% discount rate. Considering the recognition of the brand, its long history, and management’s intent to use the brand indefinitely, the remaining useful life of the Altec Lansing name was determined to be indefinite and is being treated as an indefinite-lived asset in accordance with SFAS No. 142.

In-process technology involves products which fall under the definitions of research and development as defined by SFAS No. 2, “Accounting for Research and Development Costs” (“SFAS No. 2”).  Altec Lansing’s in-process technology products were at a stage of development that required further research and development to reach technological feasibility and commercial viability.  The fair value was calculated based on the present value of the future estimated cash flows applying a 15% discount rate, and adjusted for the estimated cost to complete and the risk of not achieving technological feasibility. Because the in-process technology, which has been valued at $0.9 million, was not yet complete, there was risk that the developments would not be completed; therefore, this amount was immediately expensed at acquisition to research, development and engineering expense.

The unaudited pro forma information set forth below represents the revenues, net income and earnings per share of the Company including Altec Lansing as if the acquisition were effective as of the beginning of the periods presented and includes certain pro forma adjustments, including the amortization expense of acquired intangible assets, interest income to reflect net cash used for the purchase, and the related income tax effects of these adjustments. Plantronics has excluded non-recurring items consisting of the amortization of the capitalized manufacturing profit and the immediate write-off of the in-process technology asset.  The acquisition is included in the Company’s financial statements from the date of acquisition.


The unaudited pro forma information is not intended to represent or be indicative of the consolidated results of operations of the Company that would have been reported had the acquisition been completed as of the beginning of the periods presented and should not be taken as representative of the future consolidated results of operations or financial condition of the Company.

Pro forma
 
Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 
(in thousands except per share data)
 
2006
 
       
Net revenues
  $ 806,893  
Operating income
  $ 118,922  
Net income
  $ 84,107  
Basic net income per common share
  $ 1.78  
Diluted net income per common share
  $ 1.72  


As Reported
 
Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 
(in thousands except per share data)
 
2006
 
       
Net revenues
  $ 750,394  
Operating income
  $ 110,362  
Net income
  $ 81,150  
Basic net income per common share
  $ 1.72  
Diluted net income per common share
  $ 1.66  


7.
GOODWILL
 
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008 by segment were as follows:

(in thousands)
 
Audio Communications Group
   
Audio Entertainment Group
   
Consolidated
 
                   
Balance at March 31, 2006
  $ 11,214     $ 63,863     $ 75,077  
Carrying value adjustments
    -       (2,252 )     (2,252 )
Balance at March 31, 2007
  $ 11,214     $ 61,611     $ 72,825  
Re-allocation of goodwill
    2,902       (2,902 )     -  
Carrying value adjustments
    -       (3,654 )     (3,654 )
Balance at March 31, 2008
  $ 14,116     $ 55,055     $ 69,171  

During fiscal 2007, the Company adjusted the fair value of the property, plant and equipment and inventory acquired, and wrote-off an accrual for direct acquisition costs relating to the purchase of Altec Lansing.  In addition, as a result of the merger of Altec Lansing into Plantronics in the third quarter of fiscal 2007, Altec Lansing’s effective tax rate decreased, resulting in a reduction of deferred tax liabilities that were originally recorded for differences in book and tax bases of acquired intangible assets.  These adjustments resulted in a reduction of goodwill of $2.3 million.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company transitioned the responsibility and management of the Altec branded headsets from the AEG segment to the ACG segment; as a result, the related goodwill of $2.9 million was transferred from AEG to ACG.  During fiscal 2008, the Company adjusted deferred tax account balances and long-term tax payable accounts related to the purchase of Altec Lansing.  The adjustments to the deferred tax assets and long term payable account of $1.0 million and $2.6 million respectively, resulted in a reduction of goodwill of $3.6 million.
 
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company completed the annual impairment test, which indicated that there was no impairment. There were also no events or changes in circumstances during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, which triggered an impairment review.  However, if forecasted revenue and margin growth rates of the AEG segment are not achieved, it is reasonably possible that an impairment review may be triggered prior to the next annual review in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009. If a triggering event causes an impairment review to be required before the next annual review, it is not possible to determine if an impairment charge would result or if such charge would be material.


8.
INTANGIBLES
 
The following tables present changes in the carrying value of acquired intangible assets:


   
Gross
   
Accumulated
   
Net
 
Useful
March 31, 2007 (in thousands)
 
Amount
   
Amortization
   
Amount
 
Life
                     
Technology
  $ 30,960     $ (9,431 )   $ 21,529  
 6-10 years
In-process technology
    996       (996 )     -  
 Immediate
State contracts
    1,300       (975 )     325  
 7 years
Patents
    1,420       (876 )     544  
 7 years
Customer relationships
    18,133       (4,108 )     14,025  
 3-8 years
Trademarks
    300       (225 )     75  
 7 years
Trade name - inMotion
    5,000       (1,016 )     3,984  
 8 years
Trade name - Altec Lansing
    59,100       -       59,100  
 Indefinite
OEM relationships
    700       (162 )     538  
 7 years
Non-compete agreements
    200       (200 )     -  
 5 years
Total
  $ 118,109     $ (17,989 )   $ 100,120    

   
Gross
   
Accumulated
   
Net
 
Useful
March 31, 2008 (in thousands)
 
Amount
   
Amortization
   
Amount
 
Life
                     
Technology
  $ 30,160     $ (13,883 )   $ 16,277  
 6-10 years
In-process technology
    996       (996 )     -  
 Immediate
State contracts
    1,300       (1,161 )     139  
 7 years
Patents
    1,420       (1,079 )     341  
 7 years
Customer relationships
    18,133       (6,308 )     11,825  
 3-8 years
Trademarks
    300       (268 )     32  
 7 years
Trade name - inMotion
    5,000       (1,641 )     3,359  
 8 years
Trade name - Altec Lansing
    59,100       -       59,100  
 Indefinite
OEM relationships
    700       (262 )     438  
 7 years
Non-compete agreements
    200       (200 )     -  
 5 years
Total
  $ 117,309     $ (25,798 )   $ 91,511    


The aggregate amortization expense relating to intangible assets for fiscal 2006, 2007 and 2008 was $6.5 million, $8.3 million and $8.1 million, respectively.
 
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company completed the annual impairment test of the Altec Lansing trade name, which indicated that there was no impairment.  Due to the recent performance of the AEG segment if forecasted revenue and margin growth rates are not achieved, it is reasonably possible that an impairment review may be triggered for purchased intangible assets with indefinite lives prior to the next annual review in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009.  It is also reasonably possible that an impairment review may be triggered for the remaining intangible assets associated with Altec Lansing.  The net book value of these intangible assets as of March 31, 2008 was $88.3 million.  It is not possible to determine whether, if an impairment review is required, an impairment charge would result or if such charge would be material.


During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, we reorganized ACG’s Volume Logic business and discontinued development work on a key product. We also determined during our annual planning process in the fourth quarter that our revenue estimates for Volume Logic products would be lower in the near term than anticipated at the acquisition date in fiscal 2006.  As a result of these combined triggering events, the Company began a review of the recoverability of its Volume Logic-related intangible assets. Recoverability was measured by a comparison of the assets’ carrying amount to their expected future undiscounted net cash flows. The Company determined that the Volume Logic acquired technology intangible assets representing anticipated license revenue had no remaining value and wrote off the remaining carrying value of $0.8 million in cost of revenues.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company made a decision to terminate AEG’s Professional Audio product line in order to focus on its core product categories.  As a result of this triggering event, the Company reviewed the recoverability of the Professional Audio asset grouping including the related technology intangible asset.  Other than disposing of the remaining inventory, the Company expects no further cash flows from the Professional Audio product line.  The Company determined that the intangible asset had no remaining value and wrote off the remaining carrying value of $0.5 million in cost of revenues.

The estimated future amortization expense for each fiscal year subsequent to fiscal 2008 is as follows:

Estimated amortization expense
     
Fiscal Year Ending March 31,
     
2009
  $ 7,872  
2010
    7,412  
2011
    7,368  
2012
    4,787  
2013
    3,213  
Thereafter
    1,759  
Total estimated amortization expense
  $ 32,411  


9.      RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER RELATED CHARGES

In November 2007, the Company announced plans to close AEG’s manufacturing facility in Dongguan, China, to shut down a related Hong Kong research and development, sales and procurement office and to consolidate procurement, research and development activities for AEG in the Shenzhen, China site.  The selling, general and administrative functions of AEG in China will also be consolidated with those of ACG through-out the Asia-Pacific region.  These actions will result in the elimination of all manufacturing operation positions in Dongguan, China and certain related support functions.  In the third quarter of fiscal 2008, the production line at the Dongguan, China facility was shut down.  This restructuring plan is part of a strategic initiative designed to reduce fixed costs by outsourcing the majority of AEG manufacturing to the network of qualified contract manufacturers already in place.   The plan will proceed in phases and is expected to be complete in the third quarter of fiscal 2009.

The Company recorded the restructuring activities in accordance with SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities” (“SFAS No. 146”) and SFAS No. 112, “Employees’ Accounting for Post-employment Benefits” (“SFAS No. 112”).  During fiscal 2008, the Company recorded $3.6 million in restructuring and other related charges.

The following table summarizes the Company’s restructuring activities (in thousands):

   
Severance and Benefits
   
Facilities and Equipment
   
Other
   
Total
 
                         
Restructuring and other related charges
  $ 1,272     $ 1,519     $ 793     $ 3,584  
Cash
    (980 )     -       (241 )     (1,221 )
Non-cash
    -       (1,519 )     (38 )     (1,557 )
Restructuring accrual at March 31, 2008
  $ 292     $ -     $ 514     $ 806  

The restructuring accrual is included in accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.


In November 2007, 730 employees were notified for termination, 708 in manufacturing, 20 in research and development and 2 in selling, general and administrative.  As of March 31, 2008, 672 employees have been terminated.

Including the $3.6 million recognized in fiscal 2008, the Company expects to record total restructuring charges of approximately $4.0 to $4.5 million, consisting of $1.6 million for the write-off of facilities and equipment and accelerated depreciation, $1.4 million for severance and benefits, and $1.0 to $1.5 million in professional and administrative fees.  We expect to incur restructuring and other related charges of $0.4 to $0.9 million in fiscal 2009.
 
10.
BANK LINE OF CREDIT
 
The Company has a $100 million revolving line of credit and a letter of credit sub-facility. Borrowings under the line of credit are unsecured and bear interest at the London inter-bank offered rate (“LIBOR”) plus 0.75%.  The line of credit expires on August 1, 2010.   The Company repaid the line of credit in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007.  At March 31, 2007 and 2008, there were no outstanding balances on the line of credit and $1.4 million and $0.4 million committed under the letter of credit sub-facility, respectively.
 
Borrowings under the line of credit are subject to certain financial covenants and restrictions that materially limit the Company’s ability to incur additional debt and pay dividends, among other matters.  The Company is currently in compliance with the financial covenants under this agreement.
 
11.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
MINIMUM FUTURE RENTAL PAYMENTS. The Company leases certain equipment and facilities under operating leases expiring in various years through 2016. Minimum future rental payments under non-cancelable operating leases having remaining terms in excess of one year as of March 31, 2008 are as follows (in thousands):
 
Fiscal Year Ending March 31,
     
       
2009
  $ 5,166  
2010
    3,923  
2011
    3,060  
2012
    930  
2013
    945  
Thereafter
    2,293  
Total minimum future rental payments
  $ 16,317  

Total rent expense for operating leases was approximately $4.6 million, $5.1 million, and $6.4 million in fiscal 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively.
 
EXISTENCE OF RENEWAL OPTIONS. Certain operating leases provide for renewal options for periods from one to three years. In the normal course of business, operating leases are generally renewed or replaced by other leases.
 
CLAIMS AND LITIGATION. The Company is presently engaged in various legal actions arising in the normal course of business including six class action lawsuits recently filed against the Company alleging that our Bluetooth headsets may cause noise-induced hearing loss. Shannon Wars et al. vs. Plantronics, Inc. was filed on November 14, 2006 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas.  Lori Raines, et al. vs. Plantronics, Inc. was filed on October 20, 2006 in the United States District Court, Central District of California.  Kyle Edwards, et al vs. Plantronics, Inc. was filed on October 17, 2006 in the United States District Court, Middle District of Florida.  Ralph Cook vs. Plantronics, Inc. was filed on February 8, 2007 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia.  Randy Pierce vs. Plantronics, Inc. was filed on January 10, 2007 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas.  Bruce Schiller, et al vs. Plantronics, Inc. was filed on October 10, 2006 in the Superior Court of the State of California in and for the County of Los Angeles.  The complaints state that they do not seek damages for personal injury to any individual.  These complaints seek various remedies, including injunctive relief requiring the Company to include certain additional warnings with its Bluetooth headsets and to redesign the headsets to limit the volume produced, or, alternatively, to provide the user with the ability to determine the level of sound emitted from the headset.  Plaintiffs also seek unspecified general, special, and punitive damages, as well as restitution.  The federal cases have been consolidated for all pre-trial purposes in the United States District Court for the Central District of Los Angeles before Judge Fischer.  The California State Court case was dismissed by the plaintiffs.  The parties have provided a limited amount of discovery to each other.  The defendants have filed a motion to dismiss which is likely to be heard in mid-August 2008.  
 
On May 13, 2008 a lawsuit was filed against the Company in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The complaint alleges that the Company infringed certain patents owned by Clear With Computers, LLC. These patents involve various business practices commonly used on Websites such as supply chain and sales methods, sales and marketing systems, and inventory systems. The complaint seeks various remedies including injunctions, damages, and costs.  
 
Management does not believe that the allegations in these lawsuits have any merit, and Plantronics will aggressively defend itself in these cases.  Management believes that it is unlikely that any of these actions will have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, because of the inherent uncertainties of litigation, the outcome of any of these actions could be unfavorable and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.


12.
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:

   
March 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2007
   
2008
 
             
Accumulated unrealized loss on cash flow hedges, net of tax
  $ (1,407 )   $ (5,843 )
                 
Accumulated unrealized loss on long-term investments, net of tax
    -       (2,864 )
                 
Accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments
    4,073       5,126  
                 
    $ 2,666     $ (3,581 )

The Company established a valuation allowance of $1.1 million during fiscal 2008 related to the temporary decline in fair market value of its ARS under SFAS No. 115 which was recorded to other comprehensive income.

Capital Stock

In March 2002, the Company established a stock purchase rights plan under which stockholders may be entitled to purchase the Company’s stock or stock of an acquirer of the Company at a discounted price in the event of certain efforts to acquire control of the Company.  The rights expire on the earliest of (a) April 12, 2012, or (b) the exchange or redemption of the rights pursuant to the rights plan.

On October 2, 2005, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of 1,000,000 shares of common stock under which the Company may, from time to time, purchase shares, depending on market conditions, in the open market or privately negotiated transactions.  During the year ended March 31, 2007, we repurchased the remaining 175,000 shares of common stock in the open market at a total cost of $4.0 million and an average price of $22.98 per share under this repurchase program.  As of March 31, 2007, there were no remaining shares authorized for repurchase.  On January 25, 2008, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of 1,000,000 shares of common stock under a new share repurchase program.  During fiscal 2008, we repurchased 81,500 shares of our common stock in the open market at a total cost of $1.5 million and an average price of $18.92 per share.  As of March 31, 2008, there were 918,500 remaining shares authorized for repurchase.  Through employee benefit plans, we reissued 331,348 treasury shares for proceeds of $4.9 million during the year ended March 31, 2007 and 306,607 treasury shares for proceeds of $5.3 million during the year ended March 31, 2008.

In fiscal 2007 and 2008, the Company paid quarterly cash dividends of $0.05 per share resulting in total dividends of $9.5 million and $9.7 million in each year, respectively.

Under the Company’s current credit facility agreement, the Company has the ability to declare dividends so long as the aggregate amount of all such dividends declared or paid and common stock repurchased or redeemed in any four consecutive fiscal quarter periods shall not exceed 75% of the amount of cumulative consolidated net income in the eight consecutive fiscal quarter periods ending with the fiscal quarter immediately preceding the date as of which the applicable distributions occurred. The Company is currently in compliance with the financial covenants and the dividend provision under this agreement. The actual declaration of future dividends and the establishment of record and payment dates are subject to final determination by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of Plantronics each quarter after its review of our financial performance.


On April 29, 2008, the Company announced that the Board of Directors had declared the Company’s sixteenth quarterly cash dividend of $0.05 per share of the Company’s common stock, payable on June 10, 2008 to stockholders of record on May 9, 2008. 

Stock Option Plans

Employee Stock Plan
 
 In June 2003, the Board of Directors and stockholders approved the Plantronics Inc. Parent Corporation 2003 Stock Plan (the "2003 Stock Plan"). Under the 2003 Stock Plan, 6,800,000 shares of common stock (which number is subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits, reverse stock splits, recapitalization or certain corporate reorganizations) were cumulatively reserved since inception for issuance to employees, directors and consultants of Plantronics. Under the 2003 Stock Plan, the Company may not grant more than 20% of the 1,000,000 shares initially reserved for issuance as Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Stock Units.  On August 17, 2007, 1.7 million shares were added to the plan.  We have amended the Plan to provide that awards of restricted stock and restricted stock units with a per share or per unit purchase price lower than 100% of fair market value on the grant date will be counted against the total number of shares issuable under the Plan as 2.5 shares for every 1 share subject thereto. The 2003 Stock Plan has a term of 10 years (unless amended or terminated earlier by the Board of Directors), provides for incentive stock options as well as nonqualified stock options to purchase shares of common stock, and is due to expire in September 2013.  At March 31, 2008, options to purchase 3,929,014 shares of common stock were outstanding under and 2,107,359 shares were available for future grant under the 2003 Stock Plan.
 
Under the existing 2003 Stock Plan, incentive stock options may not be granted at less than 100% of the estimated fair market value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant, as determined by the Board of Directors, and the option term may not exceed 7 years. Incentive stock options granted to a 10% stockholder may not be granted at less than 110% of the estimated fair market value of the common stock at the date of grant and the option term may not exceed five years. All stock options granted on or after May 16, 2001, may not be granted at less than 100% of the estimated fair market value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant.
 
In September 1993, the Board of Directors approved the Plantronics Inc. Parent Corporation 1993 Stock Option Plan (the "1993 Stock Option Plan"). Under the 1993 Stock Option Plan, 22,927,726 shares of common stock (which number is subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits, reverse stock splits, recapitalization or certain corporate reorganizations) were reserved cumulatively since inception for issuance to employees and consultants of Plantronics. The 1993 Stock Option Plan, which provided for incentive stock options as well as nonqualified stock options to purchase shares of common stock, had a term of 10 years and the ability to grant new options under this 1993 Stock Option Plan expired in September 2003.  At March 31, 2008, options to purchase 4,491,143 shares of common stock were outstanding under the 1993 Stock Option Plan.
 
Options granted subsequent to September 2007 generally vested over a three-year period.  Options granted prior to June 1999 and after September 2004 but before October 2007 generally vested over a four-year period and those options granted subsequent to May 1999 but before October 2004 generally vested over a five-year period. In July 1999, the Stock Option Plan Committee was authorized to make option grants to employees who are not senior executives pursuant to guidelines approved by the Compensation Committee and subject to quarterly reporting to the Compensation Committee.
 
Directors’ Stock Option Plan
 
In September 1993, the Board of Directors adopted a Directors' Stock Option Plan (the "Directors' Option Plan") and has reserved cumulatively since inception a total of 300,000 shares of common stock (which number is subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits, reverse stock splits, recapitalization or certain corporate reorganizations) for issuance to non-employee directors of Plantronics. The Directors' Option Plan provides that each non-employee director shall be granted an option to purchase 12,000 shares of common stock at the date on which the person becomes a new director. Annually thereafter, each continuing non-employee director shall be automatically granted an option to purchase 3,000 shares of common stock. At the end of fiscal year 2008, options to purchase 90,000 shares of common stock were outstanding under the Directors' Option Plan. All options were granted at fair market value and generally vest over a four-year period.   The ability to grant new options under the Directors’ Option Plan expired by its terms in September 2003, and Directors may participate in the 2003 Stock Option Plan.
 
In August 2005, the Board of Directors reserved 145,000 shares for the issuance of stock awards to Altec Lansing employees (the “Inducement Plan”).  Subsequent to the Altec Lansing acquisition, the Company granted 129,000 stock options to purchase shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $33.49, which was equal to the fair value of the underlying stock on the grant date.  The Company also issued 5,000 shares of restricted stock to Altec Lansing employees with a purchase price of $0.01 per share under the Inducement Plan.  At March 31, 2008, options to purchase 51,082 shares of common stock were outstanding and the remaining shares of common stock under the Inducement Plan were not available for future grants as the reservation of such shares was subsequently canceled.


Employee Stock Purchase Plan
 
On June 10, 2002, the Board of Directors of Plantronics approved the 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "2002 ESPP"), which was approved by the stockholders on July 17, 2002, to provide certain employees with an opportunity to purchase common stock through payroll deductions.   On August 17, 2007, 0.4 million shares were added to the plan.  The plan qualifies under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the 2002 ESPP, which is effective through June 2012, the purchase price of Plantronics’ common stock is equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of Plantronics’ common stock on (i) the first day of the offering period, or (ii) the last day of the offering period. Each offering period is six months long.  There were 91,886, 242,530 and 238,844 shares issued under the 2002 ESPP in fiscal 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.  At March 31, 2008, there were 289,530 shares reserved for future issuance under the ESPP.
 
Stock Options

The following is a summary of the Company’s stock option activity during fiscal 2008:

   
Options Outstanding
 
   
Number of Shares
   
Weighted Average Exercise Price
   
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life
   
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
 
   
(in thousands)
         
(in years)
   
(in thousands)
 
Outstanding at March 31, 2007
    9,033     $ 26.17              
Options granted
    772     $ 26.85              
Options exercised
    (576 )   $ 16.94           $ 5,519  
Options forfeited or expired
    (668 )   $ 32.98                
Outstanding at March 31, 2008
    8,561     $ 26.32       4.12     $ 3,363  
Exercisable at March 31, 2008
    6,510     $ 26.80       3.63     $ 3,304  


Options outstanding as of March 31, 2008 include 8.2 million shares that are vested or expected to vest with a weighted average exercise price of $26.39, a weighted average remaining contractual life of 4.06 years and an aggregate intrinsic value of $3.4 million.  The total cash received from employees as a result of employee stock option exercises during fiscal 2008 was $9.8 million.  The Company settles employee stock option exercises with newly issued common shares approved by stockholders for inclusion in the 1993 Stock Plan or the 2003 Stock Plan.
 
Restricted Stock

The following is a summary of the Company’s restricted stock award activity during the fiscal 2008:

   
Number of Shares
   
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
 
   
(in thousands)
       
Non-vested at March 31, 2007
    287     $ 27.09  
Granted
    113     $ 27.17  
Vested
    (77 )   $ 27.59  
Forfeited
    (35 )   $ 28.90  
Non-vested at March 31, 2008
    288     $ 26.77  
 
The total fair value of restricted stock awards vested during the year ended March 31, 2008 was $2.1 million.
 
Stock-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes the amount of stock-based compensation expense recorded under SFAS No. 123(R), included in the consolidated statements of operations:

   
Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
2007
   
2008
 
             
Cost of revenues
  $ 2,908     $ 2,474  
                 
Research, development and engineering
    3,835       3,552  
Selling, general and administrative
    10,176       9,966  
Stock-based compensation expense included in operating expenses
    14,011       13,518  
                 
Total stock-based compensation
    16,919       15,992  
                 
Income tax benefit
    (5,599 )     (5,173 )
                 
Total stock-based compensation expense, net of tax
  $ 11,320     $ 10,819  
                 
Decrease in basic and diluted earnings per share
  $ 0.24     $ 0.22  


As of March 31, 2008, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options was $18.2 million which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.3 years.  Total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock awards was $6.9 million as of March 31, 2008 which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.1 years and there was $0.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the ESPP as of March 31, 2008 that is expected to be fully recognized during the next two fiscal quarters.  As a result of adopting SFAS No. 123(R) on April 2, 2006, our basic and diluted net income per share for fiscal 2007 was $0.24 lower than had we continued to account for stock-based compensation under APB No. 25.

Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123(R), the Company used the intrinsic value method as prescribed in APB 25, to account for all stock-based employee compensation plans and had adopted the disclosure-only alternative of SFAS No. 123, as amended by SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation – Transition and Disclosure” (“SFAS No. 148”).   Consistent with the disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 148, the pro forma information for the year ended March 31, 2006 had the Company applied the fair value recognition provisions under SFAS 123 to account for stock-based awards was as follows:

   
Fiscal Year Ended
 
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
March 31, 2006
 
       
       
Net income - as reported
  $ 81,150  
Add stock-based employee compensation expense   included in net income, net of tax
    748  
Less stock-based compensation expense determined under   fair value-based method, net of tax
    (11,967 )
Net income - pro forma
  $ 69,931  
         
Basic net income per share - as reported
  $ 1.72  
Basic net income per share - pro forma
  $ 1.48  
Diluted net income per share - as reported
  $ 1.66  
Diluted net income per share - pro forma
  $ 1.43  


Valuation Assumptions
 
The Company estimates the fair value of stock options and ESPP shares using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the straight-line attribution approach with the following weighted average assumptions:

 
   
Employee Stock Options
   
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
 
Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 
2006
   
2007
   
2008
   
2006
   
2007
   
2008
 
Expected volatility
    53.1 %     42.1 %     39.6 %     34.0 %     43.4 %     45.3 %
Risk-free interest rate
    4.2 %     4.7 %     4.0 %     4.4 %     5.2 %     3.4 %
Expected dividends
    0.7 %     1.0 %     0.8 %     0.6 %     1.2 %     0.9 %
Expected life (in years)
    4.9       4.2       4.2       0.5       0.5       0.5  
Weighted-average grant date fair value
  $ 14.79     $ 7.60     $ 9.35     $ 8.67     $ 4.74     $ 6.20  
 
Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R), the Company used historical volatility in deriving its expected volatility assumption. The expected stock price volatility for the year ended March 31, 2007 and 2008 was determined based on an equally weighted average of historical and implied volatility. Implied volatility is based on the volatility of the Company’s publicly traded options on its common stock. The Company determined that a blend of implied volatility and historical volatility is more reflective of market conditions and a better indicator of expected volatility than using purely historical volatility. The expected life was determined based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock-based awards, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected life of the option. The dividend yield assumption is based on our current dividend and the market price of our common stock at the date of grant.

13.
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
 
Subject to eligibility requirements, substantially all ACG employees, with the exception of direct labor and certain executives, participate in quarterly cash profit sharing plans. The profit sharing benefits are based on ACG’s results of operations before interest and taxes, adjusted for other items. The profit sharing is calculated and paid quarterly. Profit sharing payments are allocated to employees based on each participating employee's base salary as a percent of all participants' base salaries.  Eligible ACG employees in the U.S. may defer a portion of their profit sharing under the 401(k) plan.

The profit sharing plan provides for the distribution of 5% of quarterly profits to qualified employees.  Total profit sharing payments were $3.8 million, $3.6 million and $4.4 million for fiscal 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.
 
The Company has a 401(k) plan that matches 50% of the first 6% of compensation and provides a non-elective company contribution equal to 3% of base salary.  Total Company 401(k) contributions were $2.9 million in fiscal 2006 and pertained only to ACG employees.  Prior to fiscal 2007, AEG had a 401(k) plan that matched 50% of the first 4% of compensation.  Total AEG 401(k) contributions were $0.2 million from the acquisition date of August 18, 2005 through March 31, 2006, which included a rollover of all outstanding AEG balances.  Effective January 1, 2007, the AEG 401(k) plan was merged into the company’s existing 401(k) plan.  Total Company contributions in fiscal 2007 and 2008 for both the ACG and AEG segments were $3.2 million and $3.8 million, respectively.
 
14.           FOREIGN CURRENCY DERIVATIVES
 
Non-Designated Hedges
 
The Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the reporting entity.  These foreign exchange forward contracts are not subject to the hedge accounting provisions of SFAS No. 133, but are carried at fair value with changes in the fair value recorded within interest and other income, net on the statement of operations in accordance with SFAS No. 52, "Foreign Currency Translation". Gains and losses on these hedge contracts are intended to offset the impact of foreign exchange rate changes on the underlying foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, and therefore, do not subject the Company to material balance sheet risk.  We do not enter into foreign currency forward contracts for trading purposes.
 
As of March 31, 2008, the Company had foreign currency forward contracts of €15.8 million and £6.2 million denominated in Euros and Great British Pounds. As of March 31, 2007, the Company had foreign currency forward contracts of €25.7 million and £6.2 denominated in Euros.
 
 The following table summarizes the Company’s outstanding foreign exchange currency contracts, and approximate U.S. dollar equivalent, at March 31, 2008 (local currency and dollar amounts in thousands):



 
   
Local Currency
   
USD Equivalent
 
Position
 
Maturity
EUR
    15,800     $ 24,897  
Sell Euro
 
1 month
GBP
    6,200       12,323  
Sell GBP
 
1 month

 
Foreign currency transactions, net of the effect of hedging activity on forward contracts, resulted in a net loss of $1.2 million in fiscal 2006 and net gains of $2.3 million and $0.9 million in fiscal 2007 and 2008, respectively.
 
Cash Flow Hedges
 
The Company’s hedging activities include a hedging program to hedge the economic exposure from anticipated Euro and Great British Pound denominated sales from ACG. The Company hedges a portion of these forecasted foreign denominated sales with currency options.  These transactions are designated as cash flow hedges and are accounted for under the hedge accounting provisions of SFAS No. 133.  The effective portion of the hedge gain or loss is initially reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified into net revenues when the hedged exposure affects earnings.  Any ineffective portions of related gains or losses are recorded in the statements of operations immediately.  On a monthly basis, the Company enters into option contracts with a one-year term.  It does not purchase options for trading purposes. As of March 31, 2007, the Company had foreign currency put and call option contracts of approximately €57.0 million and £16.3 million. As of March 31, 2008, it had foreign currency put and call option contracts of approximately €48.4 million and £18.7 million.
 
In fiscal 2006, 2007, and 2008, realized gains (losses) of  $2.2 million, $(2.9) million and $(3.9) million on cash flow hedges were recognized in net revenues in the consolidated statements of operations.  The Company expects to reclassify the entire amount of $5.8 million of losses accumulated in other comprehensive income (loss) to net revenues during the next 12 months due to the recognition of the hedged forecasted sales.
 
15.
INCOME TAXES
 
Income tax expense for fiscal 2006, 2007 and 2008 consisted of the following:
 
(in thousands)
 
Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 
   
2006
   
2007
   
2008
 
       
Current:
                 
Federal
  $ 26,789     $ 12,587     $ 10,096  
State
    4,221       1,976       2,443  
Foreign
    5,860       6,158       9,242  
Total current provision for income taxes
    36,870       20,721       21,781  
                         
Deferred:
                       
Federal
    (4,042 )     (7,419 )     (3,210 )
State
    (1,328 )     (1,045 )     (778 )
Foreign
    (96 )     (862 )     (951 )
Total deferred benefit for income taxes
    (5,466 )     (9,326 )     (4,939 )
                         
Provision for income taxes
  $ 31,404     $ 11,395     $ 16,842  

The following is a reconciliation between statutory federal income taxes and the total provision for income taxes:

 
(in thousands)
 
Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 
   
2006
   
2007
   
2008
 
Tax expense at statutory rate
  $ 39,394     $ 21,538     $ 29,833  
Foreign operations taxed at different rates
    (9,962 )     (9,646 )     (13,868 )
State taxes, net of federal benefit
    2,063       930       1,665  
Research and development credit
    (941 )     (1,978 )     (814 )
Other, net
    850       551       26  
                         
Provision for income taxes
  $ 31,404     $ 11,395     $ 16,842  
 
The effective tax rate for fiscal 2006, 2007 and 2008 was 27.9%, 18.5% and 19.8%, respectively.  The effective tax rate for fiscal 2008 is higher than the previous year primarily due to reduced federal tax credits in fiscal 2008 as the research credit was available for only nine months in fiscal 2008, compared to fifteen months in fiscal 2007 due to reinstatement of the credit retroactively to January 1, 2006.  The Company also benefited from a one-time solar credit in fiscal 2007.  These factors resulted in the overall rate of 19.8% for fiscal year 2008.

The effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate due to the impact of foreign operations taxed at different statutory rates, income tax credits, state taxes, and other factors.  The future tax rate could be impacted by a shift in the mix of domestic and foreign income; tax treaties with foreign jurisdictions; changes in tax laws in the United States or internationally; or a change in estimates of future taxable income which results in a valuation allowance being required.

Pre-tax earnings of our foreign subsidiaries were $45.6 million, $54.4 million and $65.3 million for fiscal years 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Permanently reinvested foreign earnings were approximately $317.5 million at March 31, 2008. The determination of the tax liability that would be incurred if these amounts were remitted back to the United States is not practical.
 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting and income tax purposes. Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

   
March 31,
 
   
2007
   
2008
 
             
Accruals and other reserves
  $ 11,784     $ 12,249  
Deferred state tax
    523       422  
Deferred foreign tax
    352       685  
Net operating loss carryover
    2,658       3,293  
Stock compensation
    4,219       6,314  
Other deferred tax assets
    684       3,325  
Valuation allowance
    -       (1,088 )
Total deferred tax assets
    20,220       25,200  
                 
Deferred gains on sales of properties
    (2,223 )     (2,160 )
Purchased intangibles
    (37,791 )     (36,871 )
Unremitted earnings of certain subsidiaries
    (3,064 )     (3,064 )
Other deferred tax liabilities
    (1,827 )     (1,915 )
Total deferred tax liabilities
    (44,905 )     (44,010 )
                 
Net deferred tax asset (liabilities)
  $ (24,685 )   $ (18,810 )


The Company established a valuation allowance of $1.1 million during fiscal 2008 related to the temporary decline in fair market value of its ARS under SFAS No. 115.  The valuation allowance was recorded to other comprehensive income.


On April 1, 2007, the Company adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes – an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”).  Under FIN 48, the impact of an uncertain income tax position on income tax expense must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized unless it has a greater than 50% likelihood of being sustained.  There were no material adjustments as a result of the adoption of FIN 48. At the adoption date, the Company had $12.4 million of unrecognized tax benefits, $9.8 million of which would affect income tax expense if recognized. The remaining balance of the unrecognized tax benefits of $2.6 million would be an adjustment to goodwill if recognized before April 1, 2009 prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 141R.  As of March 31, 2008, the Company had $12.4 million of unrecognized tax benefits all of which would favorably impact the effective tax rate in future periods if recognized.

A reconciliation of the change in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits from April 1, 2007 to March 31, 2008 is as follows:

(in thousands)
 
Gross Unrecognized Income Tax Benefits
 
Balance at April 1, 2007
  $ 12,456  
Increase of unrecognized tax benefits related to prior years
    396  
Increase of unrecognized tax benefits related to the current year
    2,977  
Decrease of unrecognized tax benefits related to settlements
    (3,156 )
Reductions to unrecognized tax benefits related to lapse of applicable statute of limitations
    (237 )
Balance at March 31, 2008
 
$
12,436  

The Company’s continuing practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.  The interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2008 is approximately $1.7 million, $0.8 million of which was recorded in fiscal 2008.  No penalties have been accrued.

Although the timing and outcome of income tax audits is highly uncertain, it is possible that certain unrecognized tax benefits related to various jurisdictions may be reduced as a result of the lapse of the applicable statute of limitations by the end of fiscal 2009. The Company anticipates a reduction of $1.4 million during the first quarter of fiscal 2009 but cannot reasonably estimate any additional reductions beyond that. Any such reduction could be impacted by other changes in unrecognized tax benefits.

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to taxation in various foreign and state jurisdictions as well as in the U.S.  The Company’s U.S. federal and state income tax returns are generally not subject to examination by the tax authorities for tax years before 2003 and 2004, respectively.   Foreign income tax matters for material tax jurisdictions have been concluded through tax years before 2003, except for the United Kingdom, which has been concluded through fiscal 2005, and Germany and France which have been concluded through fiscal 2006.

16.
COMPUTATION OF EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
 
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

 
(in thousands, except  earnings per share)
 
Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 
   
2006
   
2007
   
2008
 
                   
Net income
  $ 81,150     $ 50,143     $ 68,395  
                         
Weighted average shares-basic
    47,120       47,361       48,232  
Dilutive effect of employee equity incentive plans
    1,668       659       858  
Weighted average shares-diluted
  48,788     48,020     49,090  
                         
Earnings per share-basic
  $ 1.72     $ 1.06     $ 1.42  
                         
Earnings per share-diluted
  $ 1.66     $ 1.04     $ 1.39  
                         
Potentially dilutive securities excluded from earnings per   diluted share because their effect is anti-dilutive
    2,504       5,931       5,791  


17.
SEGMENTS AND ENTERPRISE-WIDE DISCLOSURES
 
The Company evaluates its operating segments in accordance with SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” (“SFAS No. 131”).  Plantronics’ President and Chief Executive Officer is considered the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) pursuant to SFAS No. 131. The CODM allocates resources to and assesses the performance of each operating segment using several metrics including information about segment revenues, gross profit, operating income (loss) before interest and other income, net and income tax expense, and certain product line information.  Plantronics has two reportable operating segments, ACG and AEG.  ACG represents the original Plantronics business as operated prior to the acquisition of Altec Lansing in the second quarter of fiscal 2006, except as described below.  AEG represents the Altec Lansing business since the date of acquisition on August 18, 2005, and certain research, development, and engineering initiatives, which commenced at the beginning of the first quarter of fiscal 2006.

The results of the reportable segments are derived directly from our internal management reporting system.  The accounting policies used to derive operating segment results are substantially the same as those used by the consolidated Company.

Financial data for each reportable segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 is as follows:

   
Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2006
   
2007
   
2008
 
                   
Net revenues
                 
                   
Audio Communications Group
  $ 629,725     $ 676,514     $ 747,935  
Audio Entertainment Group
    120,669       123,640       108,351  
Consolidated net revenues
  $ 750,394     $ 800,154     $ 856,286  
                         
Gross profit
                       
                         
Audio Communications Group
  $ 289,288     $ 295,480     $ 344,072  
Audio Entertainment Group
    36,966       13,335       5,033  
Consolidated gross profit
  $ 326,254     $ 308,815     $ 349,105  
                         
Operating income (loss)
                       
                         
Audio Communications Group
  $ 99,851     $ 84,677     $ 115,166  
Audio Entertainment Group
    10,511       (27,228 )     (35,783 )
Consolidated operating income
  $ 110,362     $ 57,449     $ 79,383  
 

In the second quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company transitioned the responsibility and management of the Altec Lansing branded PC headsets from the AEG segment to the ACG segment, and as a result, effective July 1, 2007, the revenue and resulting gross profit from all PC headsets is now included in the ACG reporting segment within the Gaming and Computer Audio category.  Because AEG has not historically tracked costs and expenses by product line below material cost, prior period segment financial data has not been restated as it is impracticable to determine product line information down to the gross margin or operating income level for periods prior to the second quarter of fiscal 2008.  Net revenues and gross profit for ACG and AEG for the year ended March 31, 2008 under the old basis of segment reporting would have been: 

   
Fiscal Year Ended
 
(in thousands)
 
March 31, 2008
 
       
Net revenues
     
       
Audio Communications Group
  $ 742,155  
Audio Entertainment Group
    114,131  
Consolidated net revenues
  $ 856,286  
         
Gross profit
       
         
Audio Communications Group
  $ 341,999  
Audio Entertainment Group
    7,106  
Consolidated gross profit
  $ 349,105  


Audio Communications Group

ACG designs, manufactures, markets and sells headsets for business and consumer applications, and other specialty products for the hearing impaired.  With respect to headsets, it makes products for use in offices and contact centers, with mobile and cordless phones, and with computers and gaming consoles. Major product categories include “Office and Contact Center”, which includes corded and cordless communication headsets, audio processors and telephone systems; “Mobile”, which includes Bluetooth and corded products for mobile phone applications; “Gaming and Computer Audio”, which includes PC and gaming headsets; and “Other”, which includes specialty products such as Clarity products marketed for hearing impaired individuals.  The following table presents net revenues by product group within ACG:

   
Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2006
   
2007
   
2008
 
                   
Net revenues from unaffiliated customers:
                 
Office and contact center
  $ 446,524     $ 475,323     $ 519,958  
Mobile
    119,333       146,859       171,880  
Gaming and computer audio
    35,656       30,162       33,612  
Other specialty products
    28,212       24,170       22,485  
Total segment net revenues
  $ 629,725     $ 676,514     $ 747,935  

Audio Entertainment Group

AEG is engaged in the design, manufacture, sales and marketing of audio solutions and related technologies.  Major product categories include “Docking  Audio”, which includes all speakers, whether AC or battery-powered, that work with portable digital players such as iPod and other MP3 players and “PC Audio”, which includes self-powered speaker systems used for computers and other multi-media application systems.  “Other” includes headphones and home audio systems.  Currently, all the revenues in AEG are derived from sales of Altec Lansing products.  The following table presents net revenues by product group within AEG:

 
   
Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2006
   
2007
   
2008
 
                   
Net revenues from unaffiliated customers:
                 
Docking audio
  $ 70,878     $ 61,068     $ 55,399  
PC audio
    40,515       52,922       46,652  
Other
    9,276       9,650       6,300  
Total segment net revenues
  $ 120,669     $ 123,640     $ 108,351  

Major Customers
 
No customer accounted for 10% or more of total net revenues for fiscal years 2006, 2007 and 2008, nor did any one customer account for 10% or more of accounts receivable at March 31, 2007 or March 31, 2008.
 
Geographic Information
 
For purposes of geographic reporting, revenues are attributed to the geographic location of the sales organization.  The following table presents net revenues and long-lived assets by geographic area:
 
   
Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2006
   
2007
   
2008
 
                   
Net sales from unaffiliated customers:
                 
United States
  $ 483,513     $ 490,551     $ 521,148  
                         
Europe, Middle East and Africa
    178,315       195,090       214,621  
Asia Pacific
    47,921       59,927       62,742  
Americas, excluding United States
    40,645       54,586       57,775  
Total International
    266,881       309,603       335,138  
Total consolidated net revenues
  $ 750,394     $ 800,154     $ 856,286  
                         
                         
Property, plant and equipment, net:
                       
United States
          $ 48,356     $ 54,490  
China
            25,817       23,191  
Mexico
            12,734       11,321  
Other countries
            10,352       9,528  
            $ 97,259     $ 98,530  
 

SUPPLEMENTARY QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA
(Unaudited)

 
Quarter Ended
 
 
June 30,
   
Sept. 30,
   
Dec. 31,
   
Mar. 31,
 
 
20061
   
2006
   
2006
   
2007
 
 
(in thousands, except income per share)
 
                           
Net revenues
  $ 195,069     $ 194,934     $ 215,435     $ 194,716  
Gross profit
  $ 75,599     $ 76,895     $ 80,851     $ 75,470  
Net income
  $ 12,291     $ 12,525     $ 15,190     $ 10,137  
Basic net income per common share
  $ 0.26     $ 0.27     $ 0.32     $ 0.21  
Diluted net income per common share
  $ 0.25     $ 0.26     $ 0.32     $ 0.21  
Cash dividends declared per common share
  $ 0.05     $ 0.05     $ 0.05     $ 0.05  

 
Quarter Ended
 
 
June 30,
   
Sept. 30,
   
Dec. 31,
   
Mar. 31,
 
 
20071
   
2007
   
20072
   
20082,3
 
 
(in thousands, except income per share)
 
                               
Net revenues
  $ 206,495     $ 208,224     $ 232,824     $ 208,743  
Gross profit
  $ 83,546     $ 84,456     $ 93,757     $ 87,346  
Net income
  $ 14,975     $ 16,522     $ 19,108     $ 17,790  
Basic net income per common share
  $ 0.31     $ 0.34     $ 0.39     $ 0.37  
Diluted net income per common share
  $ 0.31     $ 0.34     $ 0.39     $ 0.36  
Cash dividends declared per common share
  $ 0.05     $ 0.05     $ 0.05     $ 0.05  

 
Each of the Company’s fiscal years ends on the Saturday closest to the last day of March.  The Company’s current and prior fiscal years consist of 52 weeks and each fiscal quarter consists of 13 weeks.  Our interim fiscal quarters for the first, second, third and fourth quarter of fiscal 2007 ended on July 1, 2006, September 30, 2006, December 30, 2006 and March 31, 2007, respectively, and our interim fiscal quarters for the first, second, third and fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 ended on June 30, 2007, September 29, 2007, December 29, 2007 and March 29, 2008, respectively. For purposes of presentation, the Company has indicated its accounting year ended on March 31 and our interim quarterly periods as ending on the applicable month end.
 
1
In the first quarter of fiscal 2007, the Company sold a parcel of land in Frederick, Maryland and recorded a gain of $2.6 million on the sale of this property.

2
In November 2007, the Company announced plans to close AEG’s manufacturing facility in Dongguan, China, to shut down a related Hong Kong research and development, sales and procurement office and to consolidate procurement, research and development activities for AEG in the Shenzhen, China site.  As a result of these activities, $2.9 million and $0.7 million in restructuring and other related charges was recorded in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2008, respectively.

3
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company recorded adjustments to foreign currency gains and losses recognized in prior periods, a correction of depreciation expense and income tax expense related to prior periods, and a reversal of an allowance for customer discounts recorded in a prior period.  The impact of these adjustments on fourth quarter income from operations, net income, and net income per share was a decrease of $0.2 million, a decrease of $1.9 million, and a decrease of $0.04, respectively.  The Company and its Audit Committee believe that such amounts are not material to the current and previously reported financial statements.


MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
 
TO OUR STOCKHOLDERS:
 
Management of Plantronics, Inc. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
 
 
pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of our Company;

 
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of our Company; and

 
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions and that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may change over time.
 
We assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2008. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

Based on our assessment of internal control over financial reporting, management has concluded that, as of March 31, 2008 our internal control over financial reporting was effective to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Our Company’s independent registered public accounting firm has issued an attestation report regarding its assessment of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 29, 2008, which appears on page 84.
 
/s/ Ken Kannappan
Ken Kannappan
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
May 27, 2008
/s/ Barbara Scherer
Barbara Scherer
Senior Vice President—Finance &
Administration and Chief Financial Officer
 
May 27, 2008
 


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Plantronics, Inc.:

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(1) present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Plantronics, Inc. and its subsidiaries at March 29, 2008 and March 31, 2007 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 29, 2008 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule appearing under Item 15(a)(2) presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 29, 2008 based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).  The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedules, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedules, and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.  Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk.  Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
 
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, in accordance with the adoption of SFAS 123(R), the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for share-based compensation in the year ended March 31, 2007. Also, as discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, effective April 1, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes— an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109.
 
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
 
 
San Jose, California
 
May 27, 2008


ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
 
There have been no disagreements with accountants on any matter of accounting principles and practices or financial disclosure.
 
ITEM 9A.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
 
Our management evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to Plantronics’ management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management. Our disclosure controls and procedures include components of our internal control over financial reporting. Management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting is expressed at the level of reasonable assurance because a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met.
 
Changes in internal control over financial reporting
 
 
(a)
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

See “Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” on page 82 of this Form 10-K.

 
(b)
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
ITEM 9B.  OTHER INFORMATION
 
None.


PART III
 
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
 
The information regarding the identification and business experience of our directors under the captions "Nominees" and “Business Experience of Directors” under the main caption "Proposal One -- Election of Directors" in our definitive 2008 Proxy Statement for the annual meeting of stockholders to be held on July 23, 2008 (“2008 Proxy Statement”), expected to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about June 4, 2008 is incorporated in this Item 10 by reference. For information regarding the identification and business experience of our executive officers, see "Employees" at the end of Item 1 in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Information regarding the standing audit committee and names of the financial expert(s) in the audit committee, under the caption "Audit Committee" under the main caption "Proposal One -- Election of Directors" in our 2008 Proxy Statement is incorporated into this Item 10 by reference. Information concerning filing requirements applicable to our executive officers and directors under the caption "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our 2008 Proxy Statement is incorporated into this Item 10 by reference.
 
Code of Ethics
 
Plantronics has adopted a worldwide Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (“the Code”), which applies to all Plantronics’ Associates, including directors and officers.  The Code is posted on the Plantronics’ corporate website under the corporate governance section of investor relations portal (www.plantronics.com).  We intend to disclose future amendments to certain provisions of the Code, or waivers of such provisions granted to executive officers and directors, on this web site within five business days following the date of such amendment or waiver.
 
Stockholders may request a free copy of the Code:
 
Plantronics, Inc.
345 Encinal Street
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Attn: Investor Relations
(831) 426-5858
 
Corporate Governance Guidelines
 
Plantronics has adopted the Corporate Governance Guidelines, which are available on Plantronics' website under the corporate governance section of the Investor Relations portal (www.plantronics.com).  Stockholders may request a free copy of the Corporate Governance Guidelines from the address and phone numbers set forth above under “Code of Ethics.”
 
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
 
The information required under this item is included under the captions "Executive Compensation", "Compensation of Directors", “Report of Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors” and “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in our 2008 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
 
The information required by this item is included under the captions “Equity Compensation Plan Information” under the main caption “Proposal Three – Approval of an Increase in Shares Issuable Under the 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan” and "Security Ownership of Principal Stockholders and Management" under the main caption "Additional Information" in our 2008 Proxy Statement and is incorporated into this Item 12 by this reference.


ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this item is included under the caption "Director Independence" in the 2008 Proxy Statement and is incorporated into this Item 13 by this reference.
 
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
 
The information required by this item is included under the caption "Proposal Four" in our 2008 Proxy Statement and is incorporated in this Item 14 by this reference.


PART IV
 
 
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
 
(a)
The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
 
 
(1)
Financial Statements.  The following consolidated financial statements and supplementary information and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are included in Part II of this Report.
 
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 
 
page
   
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
51
   
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
52
   
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
53
   
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
54
   
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
55
   
MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
82
   
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
83
 

(2)
Financial Statement Schedules.
 
PLANTRONICS, INC.
SCHEDULE II: VALUATION AND QUALIFYING
ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES
(in thousands)
 
   
Balance at Beginning of Year
   
Charged to Expenses or Other Accounts
   
Deductions
   
Balance at End of Year
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts:
                       
Year ended March 31, 2006
  $ 3,820     $ 1,971     $ (425 )   $ 5,366  
Year ended March 31, 2007
    5,366       1,590       (1,878 )     5,078  
Year ended March 31, 2008
    5,078       (232 )     (3,111 )     1,735  
                                 
Warranty reserves:
                               
Year ended March 31, 2006
    5,970       12,594       (12,288 )     6,276  
Year ended March 31, 2007
    6,276       15,946       (14,982 )     7,240  
Year ended March 31, 2008
  $ 7,240     $ 22,095     $ (18,894 )   $ 10,441  

 
All other schedules have been omitted because the required information is not present or not present in the amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.
 
3. Exhibits. See Item 15(b) below.
 
(b)  Exhibits
 
We have filed, or incorporated by reference into this Report, the exhibits listed on the accompanying Index to Exhibits immediately following the signature page of this Form 10-K.
 
(c) Financial Statement Schedules
 
See Items 8 and 15(a) (2) above.


SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
PLANTRONICS, INC.
May 27, 2008
   
 
By: 
/s/ Ken Kannappan
 
Ken Kannappan
 
Chief Executive Officer


POWER OF ATTORNEY
 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS:
 
That the undersigned officers and directors of Plantronics, Inc., a Delaware corporation, do hereby constitute and appoint Ken Kannappan and Barbara Scherer, or either of them, the lawful attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact or his substitute or substitutes may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
Title
Date
     
/s/ Ken Kannappan
(Ken Kannappan)
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
May 27, 2008
     
/s/ Barbara Scherer
(Barbara Scherer)
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
May 27, 2008
     
/s/ Marv Tseu
(Marv Tseu)
Chairman of the Board and Director
May 27, 2008
     
/s/ Brian Dexheimer
(Brian Dexheimer)
Director
May 27, 2008
     
/s/ Gregg Hammann
(Gregg Hammann)
Director
May 27, 2008
     
/s/ John Hart
(John Hart)
Director
May 27, 2008
     
/s/ Marshall Mohr
(Marshall Mohr)
Director
May 27, 2008
     
/s/ Roger Wery
(Roger Wery)
Director
May 27, 2008
 

EXHIBITS INDEX
 
Exhibit Number
 
Description of Document
     
2.1
 
Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among Plantronics, Inc., Sonic Acquisition Corporation, Altec Lansing Technologies, Inc. and the other parties named herein, dated July 11, 2005 (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.15 of the Registrant’s Form 10-Q, filed on August 8, 2005).
     
3.1.1
 
Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (3.1) to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on June 21, 2002).
     
3.1.2
 
Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of Plantronics, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (3.1.2) of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-K, filed on May 31, 2005).
     
3.2.1
 
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on January 19, 1994 (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (3.1) to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on March 4, 1994).
     
3.2.2
 
Certificate of Retirement and Elimination of Preferred Stock and Common stock of the Registrant filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on January 11, 1996 (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (3.3) of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on September 27, 1996).
     
3.2.3
 
Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on August 7, 1997 (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (3.1) to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 8, 1997).
     
3.2.4
 
Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on May 23, 2000 (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (4.2) to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed on October 31, 2000).
     
3.3
 
Registrant’s Certificate of Designation of Rights, Preferences and Privileges of Series A Participating Preferred Stock filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on April 1, 2002 (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (3.6) to the Registrant’s Form 8-A, filed on March 29, 2002).
     
4.1
 
Preferred Stock Rights Agreement, dated as of March 13, 2002 between the Registrant and Equiserve Trust Company, N.A., including the Certificate of Designation, the form of Rights Certificate and the Summary of Rights attached thereto as Exhibits A, B, and C, respectively (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (4.1) to the Registrant’s Form 8-A, filed on March 29, 2002).
     
10.1*
 
Plantronics, Inc. Non-EMEA Quarterly Profit Sharing Plan (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.1) to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-K, filed on June 1, 2001).
     
10.2*
 
Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and certain directors and executives. (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.2) to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-K, filed on May 31, 2005).
     
10.3.1*
 
Regular and Supplemental Bonus Plan (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.4(a)) to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-K, filed on June 1, 2001).
     
10.3.2*
 
Overachievement Bonus Plan (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.4(b)) to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-K, filed on June 1, 2001).
 
 
Exhibit Number
 
Description of Document
     
10.3.3*
 
Executive Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 2, 2007.
     
10.4.1
 
Lease Agreement dated May 2004 between Finsa Portafolios, S.A. DE C.V.and Plamex, S.A. de C.V., a subsidiary of the Registrant, for premises located in Tijuana, Mexico (translation from Spanish original) (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.5.1) of the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12696), filed on June 1, 2004).
     
10.4.2
 
Lease Agreement dated May 2004 between Finsa Portafolios, S.A. DE C.V.and Plamex, S.A. de C.V., a subsidiary of the Registrant, for premises located in Tijuana, Mexico (translation from Spanish original) (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.5.2) of the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12696), filed on August 6, 2004).
     
10.4.3
 
Lease Agreement dated May 2004 between Finsa Portafolios, S.A. DE C.V.and Plamex, S.A. de C.V., a subsidiary of the Registrant, for premises located in Tijuana, Mexico (translation from Spanish original) (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.5.3) of the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 6, 2004).
     
10.4.4
 
Lease Agreement dated October 2004 between Finsa Portafolios, S.A. DE C.V.and Plamex, S.A. de C.V., a subsidiary of the Registrant, for premises located in Tijuana, Mexico (translation from Spanish original) (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.5.4) of the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 6, 2004).
     
10.5
 
Lease dated December 7, 1990 between Canyge Bicknell Limited and Plantronics Limited, a subsidiary of the Registrant, for premises located in Wootton Bassett, The United Kingdom (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.32) to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (as amended), filed on October 20, 1993).
     
10.6*
 
Amended and Restated 2003 Stock Plan (incorporated herein by reference from the Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement on Form 14-A, filed on May 26, 2004).
     
10.7*
 
1993 Stock Option Plan (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.8) to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on June 21, 2002).
     
10.8 1*
 
1993 Director Stock Option Plan (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.29) to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (as amended), filed on October 20, 1993).
     
10.8.2*
 
Amendment to the 1993 Director Stock Option Plan (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (4.4) to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed on October 25, 1996).
     
10.8.3*
 
Amendment No. 2 to the 1993 Director Stock Option Plan (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.9(a)) to the Registrant's Report on Form 10-K, filed on June 1, 2001).
     
10.8.4 *
 
Amendment No. 3 to the 1993 Director Stock Option Plan (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.9(b)) to the Registrant's Report on Form 10-K, filed on June 1, 2001).
     
10.8.5*
 
Amendment No. 4 to the 1993 Director Stock Option Plan (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.9.5) to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on June 21, 2002).
     
10.9.1*
 
2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated herein by reference from the Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement on Form 14A, filed on June 3, 2005).
 
 
Exhibit Number
 
Description of Document
     
10.9.1
 
Trust Agreement Establishing the Plantronics, Inc. Annual Profit Sharing/Individual Savings Plan Trust (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (4.3) to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed on January 7, 1997).
     
10.9.2*
 
Plantronics, Inc. 401(k) Plan, effective as of April 2, 2000 (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.11) to the Registrant's Report on Form 10-K, filed on June 1, 2001).
     
10.10*
 
Resolutions of the Board of Directors of Plantronics, Inc. Concerning Executive Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (4.4) to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (as amended), filed on March 25, 1997).
     
10.11.1*
 
Plantronics, Inc. Basic Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended August 8, 1996 (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (4.5) to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (as amended) (File No. 333-19351), filed on March 25, 1997).
     
10.11.2
 
Trust Agreement Under the Plantronics, Inc. Basic Deferred Stock Compensation Plan (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (4.6) to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (as amended), filed on March 25, 1997).
     
10.11.3
 
Plantronics, Inc. Basic Deferred Compensation Plan Participant Election (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (4.7) to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (as amended), filed on March 25, 1997).
     
10.12.1*
 
Employment Agreement dated as of July 4, 1999 between Registrant and Ken Kannappan (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.15) to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K405 (File No. 001-12696), filed on June 1, 2000).
     
10.12.2*
 
Employment Agreement dated as of November 1996 between Registrant and Don Houston (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.14.2) to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12696), filed on June 2, 2003).
     
10.12.3*
 
Employment Agreement dated as of March 1997 between Registrant and Barbara Scherer (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.14.4) to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on June 2, 2003).
     
10.12.4*
 
Employment Agreement dated as of June 2003 between Registrant and Philip Vanhoutte (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.12.4) to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on May 31, 2005).
     
10.12.5*
 
Employment Agreement dated as of May 2001 between Registrant and Joyce Shimizu (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.14.5) to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on June 2, 2003).
     
10.13.1
 
Credit Agreement dated as of October 31, 2003 between Registrant and Wells Fargo Bank N.A. (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.1) of the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 7, 2003).
     
10.13.2
 
Credit Agreement Amendment No. 1 dated as of August, 1, 2004, between Registrant and Wells Fargo Bank N.A. (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.15.2) to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 5, 2004).
     
10.13.3
 
Credit Agreement Amendment No.2 dated as of July 11, 2005, between Registrant and Wells Fargo Bank National Association (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.15.1) to the Registrants Form 8-K, filed on July 15, 2005).
 
 
Exhibit Number
 
Description of Document
     
10.13.4
 
Credit Agreement Amendment No.3 dated as of August 11, 2005, between Registrant and Wells Fargo Bank National Association (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.2) to the Registrants Form 8-K, filed on November 23, 2005).
     
10.13.5
 
Credit Agreement Amendment No.4 dated as of November 17, 2005, between Registrant and Wells Fargo Bank National Association (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.1) to the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K, filed on November 23, 2005).
     
10.14*
 
Restricted Stock Award Agreement dated as of October 12, 2004, between Registrant and certain of its executive officers (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (10.1) of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 14, 2004).
     
14
 
Worldwide Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit (14) of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 10-K, filed on May 31, 2005).
     
 
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
     
 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
     
24
 
Power of Attorney – Power of Attorney (incorporated by reference to the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.)
     
 
Certification of the President and CEO Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
 
Certification of Senior VP, Finance and Administration, and CFO Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
*
 
Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement in which any Director or any Executive Officer participates.
 
 
93