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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018
Commission file number 001-12215

Quest Diagnostics Incorporated

500 Plaza Drive
Secaucus, NJ 07094
(973) 520-2700

Delaware
(State of Incorporation)

16-1387862
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o 
Smaller reporting company o
Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
As of October 16, 2018, there were outstanding 136,072,105 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $.01 par value.

Table of Contents

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
 
Page
Item 1. Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
 
Index to unaudited consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


1
Table of Contents

QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 AND 2017
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)


 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net revenues
$
1,889

 
$
1,856

 
$
5,692

 
$
5,537

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating costs and expenses and other operating income:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Cost of services
1,222

 
1,190

 
3,691

 
3,525

Selling, general and administrative
354

 
348

 
1,068

 
1,061

Amortization of intangible assets
22

 
19

 
66

 
54

Other operating (income) expense, net
(13
)
 
1

 
(14
)
 
1

Total operating costs and expenses, net
1,585

 
1,558

 
4,811

 
4,641

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income
304

 
298

 
881

 
896

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other income (expense):
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Interest expense, net
(41
)
 
(38
)
 
(124
)
 
(112
)
Other income (expense), net
3

 
(2
)
 
2

 
12

Total non-operating expenses, net
(38
)
 
(40
)
 
(122
)
 
(100
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes and equity in earnings of equity method investees
266

 
258

 
759

 
796

Income tax expense
(48
)
 
(92
)
 
(142
)
 
(264
)
Equity in earnings of equity method investees, net of taxes
9

 
9

 
32

 
25

Net income
227

 
175

 
649

 
557

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
14

 
14

 
40

 
39

Net income attributable to Quest Diagnostics
$
213

 
$
161

 
$
609

 
$
518

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share attributable to Quest Diagnostics’ common stockholders:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Basic
$
1.56

 
$
1.18

 
$
4.46

 
$
3.77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted
$
1.53

 
$
1.15

 
$
4.37

 
$
3.68

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Basic
136

 
137

 
136

 
137

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted
139

 
140

 
139

 
140

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends per common share
$
0.50

 
$
0.45

 
$
1.50

 
$
1.35




The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

2
Table of Contents

QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 AND 2017
(unaudited)
(in millions)

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net income
$
227

 
$
175

 
$
649

 
$
557

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency translation
(2
)
 
8

 
(10
)
 
20

Investment adjustments, net of taxes
—

 
3

 
—

 
3

Net deferred loss on cash flow hedges, net of taxes
1

 
1

 
2

 
1

Other comprehensive (loss) income
(1
)
 
12

 
(8
)
 
24

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income
226

 
187

 
641

 
581

Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
14

 
14

 
40

 
39

Comprehensive income attributable to Quest Diagnostics
$
212

 
$
173

 
$
601

 
$
542




















The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

3
Table of Contents

QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 AND DECEMBER 31, 2017
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Assets
 

 
 

Current assets:
 

 
 

Cash and cash equivalents
$
263

 
$
137

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $10 and $13 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively
1,097

 
924

Inventories
95

 
95

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
148

 
150

Total current assets
1,603

 
1,306

Property, plant and equipment, net
1,194

 
1,145

Goodwill
6,447

 
6,335

Intangible assets, net
1,168

 
1,119

Investment in equity method investees
456

 
462

Other assets
118

 
136

Total assets
$
10,986

 
$
10,503

 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
 

 
 

Current liabilities:
 

 
 

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
$
1,085

 
$
1,021

Current portion of long-term debt
304

 
36

Total current liabilities
1,389

 
1,057

Long-term debt
3,394

 
3,748

Other liabilities
761

 
663

Commitments and contingencies


 


Redeemable noncontrolling interest
77

 
80

Stockholders’ equity:
 

 
 

Quest Diagnostics stockholders’ equity:
 

 
 

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 600 shares authorized as of both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017; 217 and 216 shares issued as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively
2

 
2

Additional paid-in capital
2,656

 
2,612

Retained earnings
7,546

 
7,138

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(58
)
 
(48
)
Treasury stock, at cost; 81 shares as of both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017
(4,829
)
 
(4,783
)
Total Quest Diagnostics stockholders’ equity
5,317

 
4,921

Noncontrolling interests
48

 
34

Total stockholders’ equity
5,365

 
4,955

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
10,986

 
$
10,503




The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

4
Table of Contents

QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 AND 2017
(unaudited)
(in millions)

 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
 

 
 

Net income
$
649

 
$
557

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 

 
 

Depreciation and amortization
228

 
197

Provision for doubtful accounts
2

 
5

Deferred income tax provision
52

 
90

Stock-based compensation expense
53

 
54

Other, net
7

 
(5
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 

 
 

Accounts receivable
(166
)
 
(29
)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
51

 
(3
)
Income taxes payable
(1
)
 
—

Other assets and liabilities, net
30

 
(14
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
905

 
852

 
 
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities:
 

 
 

Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired
(219
)
 
(299
)
Capital expenditures
(232
)
 
(170
)
(Increase) decrease in investments and other assets
(4
)
 
5

Net cash used in investing activities
(455
)
 
(464
)
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities:
 

 
 

Proceeds from borrowings
1,630

 
—

Repayments of debt
(1,665
)
 
(5
)
Purchases of treasury stock
(150
)
 
(350
)
Exercise of stock options
95

 
125

Employee payroll tax withholdings on stock issued under stock-based compensation plans
(20
)
 
(23
)
Dividends paid
(198
)
 
(186
)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
(41
)
 
(38
)
Sale of noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries
12

 
—

Other financing activities, net
13

 
55

Net cash used in financing activities
(324
)
 
(422
)
 
 
 
 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
126

 
(34
)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
137

 
384

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
$
263

 
$
350

 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
263

 
$
350

Restricted cash
—

 
—

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
$
263

 
$
350



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

5
Table of Contents

QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 AND 2017
(unaudited)
(in millions)
 
 
 
Quest Diagnostics Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares of
Common Stock
Outstanding
 
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Compre-
hensive Loss
 
Treasury
Stock, at
Cost
 
Non-
controlling
Interests
 
Total
Stock-
holders’
Equity
 
 
Redeemable Non-controlling Interest
Balance, December 31, 2017
135

 
$
2

 
$
2,612

 
$
7,138

 
$
(48
)
 
$
(4,783
)
 
$
34

 
$
4,955

 
 
$
80

Net income


 


 


 
609

 


 


 
34

 
643

 
 
6

Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes


 


 


 


 
(8
)
 


 


 
(8
)
 
 
 
Dividends declared


 


 


 
(203
)
 


 


 


 
(203
)
 
 
 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests


 


 


 


 


 


 
(32
)
 
(32
)
 
 
(9
)
Issuance of common stock under benefit plans


 


 
10

 


 


 
10

 


 
20

 
 
 
Stock-based compensation expense


 


 
49

 


 


 
4

 


 
53

 
 
 
Exercise of stock options
2

 


 
5

 


 


 
90

 


 
95

 
 
 
Shares to cover employee payroll tax withholdings on stock issued under stock-based compensation plans


 


 
(20
)
 


 


 


 


 
(20
)
 
 
 
Purchases of treasury stock
(1
)
 


 


 


 


 
(150
)
 


 
(150
)
 
 
 
Sale of noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries


 


 


 


 


 


 
12

 
12

 
 


Reclassification of stranded tax effects resulting from enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
 
 
 
 
 
 
2

 
(2
)
 
 
 
 
 
—

 
 
 
Balance, September 30, 2018
136

 
$
2

 
$
2,656

 
$
7,546

 
$
(58
)
 
$
(4,829
)
 
$
48

 
$
5,365

 
 
$
77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2016
137

 
$
2

 
$
2,545

 
$
6,613

 
$
(72
)
 
$
(4,460
)
 
$
32

 
$
4,660

 
 
$
77

Net income


 


 


 
518

 


 


 
34

 
552

 
 
5

Other comprehensive income, net of taxes


 


 


 


 
24

 


 


 
24

 
 
 
Dividends declared


 


 


 
(185
)
 


 


 


 
(185
)
 
 
 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests


 


 


 


 


 


 
(34
)
 
(34
)
 
 
(4
)
Issuance of common stock under benefit plans


 


 
9

 


 


 
9

 


 
18

 
 
 
Stock-based compensation expense


 


 
51

 


 


 
3

 


 
54

 
 
 
Exercise of stock options
3

 


 
3

 


 


 
122

 


 
125

 
 
 
Shares to cover employee payroll tax withholdings on stock issued under stock-based compensation plans


 


 
(23
)
 


 


 


 


 
(23
)
 
 
 
Purchases of treasury stock
(4
)
 


 


 


 


 
(365
)
 


 
(365
)
 
 
 
Other


 


 


 


 


 


 
2

 
2

 
 


Balance, September 30, 2017
136

 
$
2

 
$
2,585

 
$
6,946

 
$
(48
)
 
$
(4,691
)
 
$
34

 
$
4,828

 
 
$
78



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

6
Table of Contents

QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)

1.    DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
    
Background
    
Quest Diagnostics Incorporated and its subsidiaries ("Quest Diagnostics" or the "Company") empower people to take action to improve health outcomes.  The Company uses its extensive database of clinical lab results to derive diagnostic insights that reveal new avenues to identify and treat disease, inspire healthy behaviors and improve healthcare management.  The Company's diagnostic information services business ("DIS") provides information and insights based on the industry-leading menu of routine, non-routine and advanced clinical testing and anatomic pathology testing, and other diagnostic information services. The Company provides services to a broad range of customers, including patients, clinicians, hospitals, independent delivery networks ("IDNs"), health plans, employers and accountable care organizations ("ACOs"). The Company offers the broadest access in the United States to diagnostic information services through its nationwide network of laboratories, patient service centers and phlebotomists in physician offices and the Company's connectivity resources, including call centers and mobile paramedics, nurses and other health and wellness professionals. The Company is the world's leading provider of diagnostic information services. The Company provides interpretive consultation with one of the largest medical and scientific staffs in the industry and hundreds of M.D.s and Ph.D.s, many of whom are recognized leaders in their fields. The Company's Diagnostic Solutions businesses ("DS") are the leading provider of risk assessment services for the life insurance industry and offer healthcare organizations and clinicians robust information technology solutions.

2.    SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation
    
The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments which in the opinion of management are necessary for a fair statement of results of operations, comprehensive income, financial condition, cash flows and stockholders' equity for the periods presented. Except as otherwise disclosed, all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The year-end balance sheet data was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2017, but does not include all the disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).

The accounting policies of the Company are the same as those set forth in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K except for the impact of the adoption of new accounting standards discussed under New Accounting Pronouncements.
        
Reclassifications

As a result of the adoption of the new accounting standard associated with clarifying presentation and classification in the statement of cash flows, certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation. In addition, the Company adopted the new revenue recognition accounting standard on a full retrospective basis, which required the Company to restate certain previously reported results. For further details regarding the impact of these new accounting standards, see New Accounting Pronouncements.
    
Use of Estimates
    
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
    

7
Table of Contents
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)


Earnings Per Share

The Company's unvested restricted stock units that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends are participating securities and, therefore, are included in the earnings allocation in computing earnings per share using the two-class method. Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income, adjusted for earnings allocated to participating securities, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income, adjusted for earnings allocated to participating securities, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding after giving effect to all potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares include the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and performance share units granted under the Company's Amended and Restated Employee Long-Term Incentive Plan and its Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Long-Term Incentive Plan. Earnings allocable to participating securities include the portion of dividends declared as well as the portion of undistributed earnings during the period allocable to participating securities.

New Accounting Pronouncements
    
Adoption of New Accounting Standards    

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted a new accounting standard issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") on revenue recognition using the full retrospective method. This new accounting standard outlines a single comprehensive model to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. This standard supersedes existing revenue recognition requirements and eliminates most industry-specific revenue recognition guidance from GAAP. The core principle of the revenue recognition standard is to require an entity to recognize as revenue the amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for goods or services as it transfers control to its customers. As a result of the Company's adoption of this standard, the majority of the amounts that were historically classified as bad debt expense, primarily related to patient responsibility, are now considered an implicit price concession in determining net revenues. Accordingly, the Company reports uncollectible balances associated with patient responsibility as a reduction of the transaction price and therefore as a reduction in net revenues when historically these amounts were classified as bad debt expense within selling, general and administrative expenses. In addition, the adoption of this new accounting standard resulted in increased disclosure, including qualitative and quantitative disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. For further details, see Note 3.

Adoption of the standard impacted the Company's previously reported results as follows:

 
As Previously Reported
 
Adjustment for New Accounting Standard on Revenue Recognition
 
As Restated
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Operations:
 
 
 
 
 
Net revenues
$
1,931

 
$
(75
)
 
$
1,856

Selling, general and administrative expenses
$
423

 
$
(75
)
 
$
348

Net income attributable to Quest Diagnostics
$
161

 
$
—

 
$
161



8
Table of Contents
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)


 
As Previously Reported
 
Adjustment for New Accounting Standard on Revenue Recognition
 
As Restated
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Operations:
 
 
 
 
 
Net revenues
$
5,773

 
$
(236
)
 
$
5,537

Selling, general and administrative expenses
$
1,297

 
$
(236
)
 
$
1,061

Net income attributable to Quest Diagnostics
$
518

 
$
—

 
$
518

 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for doubtful accounts
$
241

 
$
(236
)
 
$
5

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
$
(265
)
 
$
236

 
$
(29
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets:
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
$
1,193

 
$
(256
)
 
$
937

Allowance for doubtful accounts
$
269

 
$
(256
)
 
$
13

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts
$
924

 
$
—

 
$
924


    
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted a new accounting standard issued by the FASB on the recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities. This new accounting standard requires that all equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. However, companies may elect to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. In addition, the new accounting standard eliminated the requirement to disclose the method and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted two new accounting standards issued by the FASB that clarify presentation and classification in the statement of cash flows on a retrospective basis. As a result of adoption:

•
Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents are now presented with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. As a result of adoption, there was no impact to cash flows from operating, investing or financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and no impact to cash flows from operating or financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. $25 million of escrow proceeds associated with the disposition of the Focus Diagnostics products business in May 2016, which was previously reported as a cash inflow from investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, is no longer presented within the net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as it is included in the beginning-of-period balance of restricted cash. Refer to Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information regarding the disposition of the Focus Diagnostics products business.
•
The classification of how certain cash receipts and payments are presented within the statement of cash flows has been clarified. As a result, cash payments for debt retirement costs are now presented as a financing cash outflow in the consolidated statement of cash flows. There were no debt retirement costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

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QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)



On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted a new accounting standard issued by the FASB that provides a framework for evaluating whether a transaction should be accounted for as an acquisition (or disposal) of assets or a business. If an entity determines that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, then the set of transferred assets and activities is not a business. If this threshold is not met, in order to be considered a business the set of transferred assets and activities must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. The adoption of this standard, which was done on a prospective basis, will require future transactions to be evaluated under the new framework.

On April 1, 2018, the Company elected to adopt a new accounting standard issued by the FASB to reclassify stranded tax effects resulting from enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("TCJA") from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

New Accounting Standards To Be Adopted

In August 2018, the FASB issued an Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) that aligns the requirements for deferring implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. This ASU is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2020 with early adoption permitted and can be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this ASU on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that amends accounting for leases. Under the new guidance, a lessee will recognize assets and liabilities for most leases on its balance sheet but will recognize expense on its statement of operations similar to current lease accounting.  The ASU is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2019 with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this ASU will result in a significant increase to the Company’s balance sheet for lease liabilities and right-of-use assets, which has not yet been quantified. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this ASU on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Significant implementation matters being addressed by the Company include implementing an integrated third-party lease accounting application, assessing the impact to its internal controls over financial reporting and documenting the new lease accounting process. In July 2018, the FASB issued an ASU to provide an additional transition method to adopt the guidance by allowing entities to initially apply the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative effect to the opening balance of retained earnings.

In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that changes the impairment model for most financial instruments, including trade receivables, from an incurred loss method to a new forward-looking approach, based on expected losses. The estimate of expected credit losses will require entities to incorporate considerations of historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This ASU is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2020 and must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition approach. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this ASU on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows.         

3.    REVENUE RECOGNITION

DIS

Net revenues in the Company’s DIS business accounted for greater than 95% of the Company’s total net revenues for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and are primarily comprised of a high volume of relatively low-dollar transactions. The DIS business, which provides clinical testing services and other services, satisfies its performance obligation and recognizes revenues upon completion of the testing process or when services have been rendered. The Company estimates the amount of consideration it expects to be entitled to receive from customer groups, determined using the portfolio approach, in exchange for providing services. These estimates include the impact of contractual allowances and price concessions, as discussed below. The portfolios determined using the portfolio approach consist of the following groups of customers: healthcare insurers, government payers, client payers and patients. Contracts with customers in the DIS business do not contain significant financing components based on the typical period of time between performance of services and collection of consideration.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)



The following are descriptions of the DIS business’ portfolios:

Healthcare Insurers

Reimbursements from healthcare insurers are based on negotiated fee-for-service schedules and on capitated payment rates. Revenues consist of amounts billed net of contractual allowances for differences between amounts billed and the estimated consideration the Company expects to receive from such payers, which considers historical denial and collection experience and the terms of the Company’s contractual arrangements. Adjustments to the allowances, based on actual receipts from the third-party payers, are recorded upon settlement.

Collection of consideration the Company expects to receive is normally a function of providing complete and correct billing information to the healthcare insurers within the various filing deadlines and typically occurs within 30 to 60 days of billing. Provided the Company has billed healthcare insurers accurately with complete information prior to the established filing deadline, there has historically been little to no collection risk. If there has been a delay in billing, the Company determines if the amounts in question will likely go past the filing deadline, and if so, it will reserve accordingly for the billing.

Under capitated arrangements with healthcare insurers, the Company recognizes revenue based on a predetermined monthly reimbursement rate for each member of an insurer's health plan regardless of the number or cost of services provided by the Company. Healthcare insurers typically reimburse the Company under capitated arrangements in the same month services are performed, essentially giving rise to no outstanding accounts receivable at the end of a reporting period. If any capitated payments are not received on a timely basis, the Company determines the cause and makes a separate determination as to whether or not the collection of the amount from the healthcare insurer is at risk and, if so, would reserve accordingly.

Government Payers

Reimbursements from government payers are based on fee-for-service schedules set by governmental authorities, including traditional Medicare and Medicaid. Revenues consist of amounts billed net of contractual allowances for differences between amounts billed and the estimated consideration the Company expects to receive from such payers, which considers historical denial and collection experience and other factors. Adjustments to the allowances, based on actual receipts from the government payers, are recorded upon settlement.
 
Collection of consideration the Company expects to receive is normally a function of providing the complete and correct billing information within the various filing deadlines and typically occurs within 30 days of billing. Provided the Company has billed government payers accurately with complete information prior to the established filing deadline, there has historically been little to no collection risk. If there has been a delay in billing, the Company determines if the amounts in question will likely go past the filing deadline, and, if so, it will reserve for the billing accordingly.

Client Payers

Client payers include physicians, hospitals, ACOs, IDNs, employers, other commercial laboratories and institutions for which services are performed on a wholesale basis, and are billed based on negotiated fee schedules. Credit risk and ability to pay are more of a consideration for these payers than healthcare insurers and government payers. Collection of consideration the Company expects to receive typically occurs within 60 to 90 days of billing.

Patients

Uninsured patients are billed based on established patient fee schedules or fees negotiated with physicians on behalf of their patients. Insured patients (includes coinsurance and deductible responsibilities) are billed based on fees negotiated with healthcare insurers. Collection of billings from patients is subject to credit risk and ability of the patients to pay. Revenues consist of amounts billed net of discounts provided to uninsured patients in accordance with the Company’s policies and implicit price concessions. Implicit price concessions represent differences between amounts billed and the estimated consideration the Company expects to receive from patients, which considers historical collection experience and other factors including current market conditions. Adjustments to the estimated allowances, based on actual receipts from the patients, are recorded upon settlement. Patient billings are generally fully reserved for when the related billing reaches 210 days

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)


outstanding. Balances are automatically written off when they are sent to collection agencies. Allowances are further adjusted for estimated recoveries of amounts sent to collection agencies based on historical collection experience, which is regularly monitored. Collection of consideration the Company expects to receive typically occurs within 30 to 60 days of billing.

DS

The Company’s DS businesses primarily satisfy their performance obligations and recognize revenues when delivery has occurred or services have been rendered. Collection of consideration the Company expects to receive typically occurs within 30 to 60 days of billing.

The approximate percentage of net revenue by type of customer was as follows:

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Healthcare insurers:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fee-for-service
32
%
 
34
%
 
32
%
 
33
%
Capitated
3

 
4

 
4

 
4

Total healthcare insurers
35

 
38

 
36

 
37

Government payers
16

 
17

 
16

 
16

Client payers
32

 
30

 
31

 
30

Patient
13

 
11

 
13

 
12

Total DIS
96

 
96

 
96

 
95

DS
4

 
4

 
4

 
5

Net revenues
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, substantially all of the Company’s services were provided within the United States, see Note 14.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)


4.    EARNINGS PER SHARE

The computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share was as follows:

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Amounts attributable to Quest Diagnostics’ common stockholders:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Net income attributable to Quest Diagnostics
$
213

 
$
161

 
$
609

 
$
518

Less: Earnings allocated to participating securities
1

 
1

 
2

 
2

Earnings available to Quest Diagnostics’ common stockholders – basic and diluted
$
212

 
$
160

 
$
607

 
$
516

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic
136

 
137

 
136

 
137

Effect of dilutive securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Stock options and performance share units
3

 
3

 
3

 
3

Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted
139

 
140

 
139

 
140

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share attributable to Quest Diagnostics’ common stockholders:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Basic
$
1.56

 
$
1.18

 
$
4.46

 
$
3.77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted
$
1.53

 
$
1.15

 
$
4.37

 
$
3.68


The following securities were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share due to their antidilutive effect:
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Stock options
2

 
2

 
2

 
1


5.    RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES

Invigorate Program

The Company is committed to a program called Invigorate which is designed to reduce its cost structure and improve performance. Invigorate consists of several flagship programs, with structured plans in each, to drive savings and improve performance across the customer value chain. These flagship programs include: organization excellence; information technology excellence; procurement excellence; service excellence; lab excellence; and billing excellence. The Invigorate program is intended to partially offset reimbursement pressures and labor and benefit cost increases; free up additional resources to invest in science, innovation and other growth initiatives; and enable us to improve service quality and operating profitability. Additionally, the program is driving the standardization of processes, information technology systems and equipment and data; digitization of the Company's services; and enhancement of reimbursement for work performed.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)



Restructuring Charges

The following table provides a summary of the Company's pre-tax restructuring charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Employee separation costs
$
4

 
$
4

 
$
19

 
$
9

Facility-related costs
—

 
1

 
4

 
2

Total restructuring charges
$
4

 
$
5

 
$
23

 
$
11


The restructuring charges incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were primarily associated with various workforce reduction initiatives as the Company continues to simplify and restructure its organization. Of the total restructuring charges incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2018, $2 million were recorded in both cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses. Of the total restructuring charges incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, $9 million and $14 million were recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively.

The restructuring charges incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 were primarily associated with various workforce reduction initiatives as the Company continues to simplify and restructure its organization. Of the total restructuring charges incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2017, $4 million and $1 million were recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively. Of the total restructuring charges incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, $8 million and $3 million were recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively.

Charges for all periods presented were primarily recorded in the Company's DIS business.    

The restructuring liability as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, which is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses, was $18 million and $22 million, respectively.

6.     BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS

On February 1, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Mobile Medical Examination Services, Inc. ("MedXM"), in an all cash transaction for $142 million, net of $5 million cash acquired, which consisted of cash consideration of $130 million and contingent consideration estimated at $12 million. The contingent consideration arrangement is dependent upon the achievement of certain revenue targets. During the second quarter of 2018, the liability was remeasured to $13 million resulting in a $1 million loss recorded in other operating (income) expense, net. During the third quarter of 2018, the liability was reduced to $0 based on updated revenue forecasts for 2018 compared to the earn-out revenue target included in the contingent consideration arrangement resulting in a $13 million gain recorded in other operating (income) expense, net. MedXM is a leading national provider of home-based health risk assessments and related services. Through the acquisition, the Company acquired all of MedXM's operations. Based on the preliminary purchase price allocation, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed consist of $77 million of intangible assets, $57 million of goodwill (of which $45 million is currently tax deductible), $7 million of working capital and $1 million of property, plant and equipment. The intangible assets consist primarily of customer related assets which are being amortized over a useful life of 15 years. For further details regarding the fair value of the contingent consideration, see Note 7.

On June 18, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of the outreach laboratory service business of Cape Cod Healthcare, Inc., in an all-cash transaction for $35 million. The assets acquired principally consist of tax deductible goodwill and customer-related intangible assets.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)


On September 19, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of ReproSource, Inc. ("ReproSource"), in an all cash transaction for $35 million, which consisted of cash consideration of $30 million and contingent consideration estimated at $5 million. The contingent consideration arrangement is dependent on the achievement of certain revenue targets. ReproSource is a national leader in specialty fertility diagnostic services. Through the acquisition, the Company acquired all of ReproSource's operations. Based on the preliminary purchase price allocation, the assets acquired principally consist of goodwill, technology-related intangible assets and customer-related intangible assets. For further details regarding the fair value of the contingent consideration, see Note 7.

The acquisitions were accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. As such, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded based on their estimated fair values as of the closing date. Supplemental pro forma combined financial information has not been presented as the impact of the acquisitions is not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. The goodwill recorded primarily includes the expected synergies resulting from combining the operations of the acquired entities with those of the Company and the value associated with an assembled workforce and other intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition. All of the goodwill acquired in connection with these acquisitions has been allocated to the Company's DIS business. For further details regarding business segment information, see Note 14.

On September 25, 2018, the Company agreed to acquire the U.S. laboratory services business of Oxford Immunotec, Inc. The acquisition, once completed, will include laboratories in Tennessee and Massachusetts that provide tuberculosis and tick-borne disease testing services. As part of the transaction, Oxford Immunotec, Inc. will sell test kits and related accessories to the Company under a long-term supply agreement. Closing of the transaction, which is expected to occur during the fourth quarter of 2018, remains subject to customary closing conditions.

For details regarding the Company's 2017 acquisitions, see Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.    

7.     FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table provides a summary of the recognized assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
 
 
 
Basis of Fair Value Measurements
 
 
 
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets /
Liabilities
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
September 30, 2018
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Trading securities
$
57

 
$
57

 
$
—

 
$
—

Cash surrender value of life insurance policies
40

 
—

 
40

 
—

Total
$
97

 
$
57

 
$
40

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Interest rate swaps
$
131

 
$
—

 
$
131

 
$
—

Deferred compensation liabilities
104

 
—

 
104

 
—

Contingent consideration
12

 
—

 
—

 
12

Total
$
247

 
$
—

 
$
235

 
$
12



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)


 
 
 
Basis of Fair Value Measurements
December 31, 2017
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Trading securities
$
58

 
$
58

 
$
—

 
$
—

Cash surrender value of life insurance policies
37

 
—

 
37

 
—

Equity securities
2

 
2

 
—

 
—

Total
$
97

 
$
60

 
$
37

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Deferred compensation liabilities
$
103

 
$
—

 
$
103

 
$
—

Interest rate swaps
89

 
—

 
89

 
—

Contingent consideration
7

 
—

 
—

 
7

Total
$
199

 
$
—

 
$
192

 
$
7


A full description regarding the Company's fair value measurements is contained in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.    

The Company offers certain employees the opportunity to participate in non-qualified supplemental deferred compensation plans. A participant's deferrals, together with Company matching credits, are invested in a variety of participant-directed stock and bond mutual funds that are classified as trading securities. The trading securities are classified within Level 1 because the changes in the fair value of these securities are measured using quoted prices in active markets based on the market price per unit multiplied by the number of units held, exclusive of any transaction costs. A corresponding adjustment for changes in fair value of the trading securities is also reflected in the changes in fair value of the deferred compensation obligation. The deferred compensation liabilities are classified within Level 2 because their inputs are derived principally from observable market data by correlation to the trading securities.

The Company offers certain employees the opportunity to participate in a non-qualified deferred compensation program. A participant's deferrals, together with Company matching credits, are “invested” at the direction of the employee in a hypothetical portfolio of investments which are tracked by an administrator. The Company purchases life insurance policies, with the Company named as beneficiary of the policies, for the purpose of funding the program's liability. Changes in the cash surrender value of the life insurance policies are based upon earnings and changes in the value of the underlying investments. Changes in the fair value of the deferred compensation obligation are derived using quoted prices in active markets based on the market price per unit multiplied by the number of units. The cash surrender value and the deferred compensation obligations are classified within Level 2 because their inputs are derived principally from observable market data by correlation to the hypothetical investments. The plan was amended effective January 1, 2018 so that future deferrals under the plan may only be made by participants who made deferrals under the plan in 2017.
    
The fair value measurements of the Company's interest rate swaps classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are model-derived valuations as of a given date in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets including certain financial information and certain assumptions regarding past, present and future market conditions.

Investment in equity securities represents an investment in registered shares of a publicly-held company. The Company's investment in equity securities is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value is obtained from quoted prices in an active market. During 2018, the Company wrote off the remaining carrying value of its investment.
    
In April 2014, and as further discussed in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company completed the acquisition of Steward Health Care Systems, LLC's laboratory outreach business. In connection with the acquisition, the Company initially recorded a contingent consideration liability of $4 million. The contingent consideration liability was classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy measured at fair value using a probability weighted and discounted cash flow method. During 2018, the Company made the final payment associated with the contingent consideration arrangement.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)



In December 2017, and as further discussed in Note 5 and Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company completed the acquisition of Shiel Holdings, LLC ("Shiel") which provides for up to $15 million of contingent consideration to be paid based on the achievement of certain testing volume benchmarks. In connection with the acquisition, the Company initially recorded a contingent consideration liability of $6 million which was classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The contingent consideration was measured at fair value using an option-pricing model. Significant inputs included management's estimate of volume and other market inputs including comparable company revenue volatility of 6.9% and a discount rate of 4.5%. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration associated with Shiel was increased to $7 million in 2018 as a result of the remeasurement of the liability. Any contingent consideration associated with Shiel will be paid in 2018.

In February 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of MedXM which provides for up to $30 million of contingent consideration to be paid based on the achievement of certain revenue targets. In connection with the acquisition, the Company initially recorded a contingent consideration liability of $12 million which was classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The contingent consideration was measured at fair value using an option-pricing model. Significant inputs included management's estimate of revenue and other market inputs including comparable company revenue volatility of 12.7% and a discount rate of 5.4%. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration associated with MedXM was increased to $13 million in the first half of 2018 as a result of the remeasurement of the liability. During the third quarter of 2018, the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration was reduced to $0 as a result of updated revenue forecasts for 2018 compared to the earn-out revenue target included in the contingent consideration arrangement. For further details regarding the MedXM acquisition, see Note 6.

In September 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of ReproSource which provides for up to $10 million of contingent consideration to be paid based on the achievement of certain revenue targets. In connection with the acquisition, the Company initially recorded a contingent consideration liability of $5 million which was classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The contingent consideration was measured at fair value using an option-pricing model. Significant inputs included management's estimate of revenue and other market inputs including comparable company revenue volatility of 8.5% and a discount rate of 6.5%. The contingent consideration associated with ReproSource is expected to be paid in up to two installments in 2020 and 2021. For further details regarding the ReproSource acquisition, see Note 6.
    
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of liabilities using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
 
Contingent Consideration
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2017
$
7

Purchases, additions and issuances
17

Settlements
(1
)
Total gains/losses included in earnings - realized/unrealized
(11
)
Balance, September 30, 2018
$
12


The $11 million net gain included in earnings associated with the change in the fair value of contingent consideration for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is reported in other operating (income) expense, net.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value based on the short maturities of these instruments. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of the Company’s debt was estimated at $3.8 billion and $4.0 billion, respectively. Principally all of the Company's debt is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value of the debt is estimated based on rates currently offered to the Company with identical terms and maturities, using quoted active market prices and yields, taking into account the underlying terms of the debt instruments.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)


8.    GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The changes in goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and for the year ended December 31, 2017 were as follows:
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Balance, beginning of period
$
6,335

 
$
6,000

Goodwill acquired during the period
112

 
335

Balance, end of period
$
6,447

 
$
6,335


Principally all of the Company’s goodwill as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was associated with its DIS business.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, goodwill acquired during the period was principally associated with the acquisition of MedXM, ReproSource and the outreach laboratory service business of Cape Cod Healthcare, Inc. (see Note 6). For the year ended December 31, 2017, goodwill acquired was principally associated with the acquisitions of the clinical and anatomic pathology laboratory business of Shiel Holdings, LLC, the outreach laboratory service business of PeaceHealth Laboratories, Med Fusion, LLC and Clearpoint Diagnostic Laboratories, LLC, Cleveland HeartLab, Inc. and the outreach laboratory service businesses of The William W. Backus Hospital and The Hospital of Central Connecticut. For details regarding the Company's 2017 acquisitions, see Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Intangible assets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consisted of the following:
 
Weighted
Average
Amortization
Period
(in years)
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
Cost
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
 
Cost
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Amortizing intangible assets:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Customer-related
18
 
$
1,309

 
$
(458
)
 
$
851

 
$
1,210

 
$
(404
)
 
$
806

Non-compete agreements
8
 
3

 
(2
)
 
1

 
7

 
(5
)
 
2

Technology
16
 
107

 
(48
)
 
59

 
95

 
(45
)
 
50

Other
10
 
92

 
(71
)
 
21

 
105

 
(80
)
 
25

Total
17
 
1,511

 
(579
)
 
932

 
1,417

 
(534
)
 
883

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Trade names
 
 
235

 
—

 
235

 
235

 
—

 
235

Other
 
 
1

 
—

 
1

 
1

 
—

 
1

Total intangible assets
 
 
$
1,747

 
$
(579
)
 
$
1,168

 
$
1,653

 
$
(534
)
 
$
1,119



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)


The estimated amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets for each of the five succeeding fiscal years and thereafter as of September 30, 2018 is as follows:

Year Ending December 31,
 

Remainder of 2018
$
23

2019
90

2020
89

2021
83

2022
79

2023
79

Thereafter
489

Total
$
932


9.    DEBT

Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility

In March 2018, the Company amended and restated the agreement for its $750 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility” or "Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility"). As a result, the Credit Facility will mature in March 2023. Under the Credit Facility, the Company can issue letters of credit totaling $150 million (see Note 13). Issued letters of credit reduce the available borrowing capacity under the facility. Interest on the Credit Facility is based on certain published rates plus an applicable margin based on changes in the Company's public debt ratings. As of September 30, 2018, the Company's borrowing rate for LIBOR-based loans under the Credit Facility was LIBOR plus 1.125%. The Credit Facility contains various covenants, including the maintenance of a financial leverage ratio, which could impact the Company's ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness. As of September 30, 2018, there were no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility.

Secured Receivables Credit Facility

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, there were $1,630 million in cumulative borrowings under the secured receivables credit facility primarily associated with working capital requirements as well as the funding of the Company's 2018 business acquisitions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, there were $1,660 million in repayments under the secured receivables credit facility.

10.    FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to market risks for changes in interest rates and, from time to time, foreign currencies. This strategy includes the use of interest rate swap agreements, forward starting interest rate swap agreements, treasury lock agreements and foreign currency forward contracts to manage its exposure to movements in interest and currency rates. The Company has established policies and procedures for risk assessment and the approval, reporting and monitoring of derivative financial instrument activities. These policies prohibit holding or issuing derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments that contain credit-risk-related contingent features or requirements to post collateral.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)


Interest Rate Risk
    
The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its cash and cash equivalents and its debt obligations. Interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents may fluctuate as interest rates change; however, due to their relatively short maturities, the Company does not hedge these assets or their investment cash flows and the impact of interest rate risk is not material. The Company's debt obligations consist of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt instruments. The Company's primary objective is to achieve the lowest overall cost of funding while managing the variability in cash outflows within an acceptable range. In order to achieve this objective, the Company has entered into interest rate swaps. Interest rate swaps involve the periodic exchange of payments without the exchange of underlying principal or notional amounts. Net settlements between the counterparties are recognized as an adjustment to interest expense, net.

Interest Rate Derivatives – Cash Flow Hedges
    
From time to time, the Company has entered into various interest rate lock agreements and forward starting interest rate swap agreements to hedge part of the Company's interest rate exposure associated with the variability in future cash flows attributable to changes in interest rates.

The total net loss, net of taxes, recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, related to the Company's cash flow hedges was $8 million and $9 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The net amount of deferred losses on cash flow hedges that is expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into interest expense, net within the next twelve months is $3 million.

Interest Rate Derivatives – Fair Value Hedges

The Company maintains various fixed-to-variable interest rate swaps to convert a portion of the Company's long-term debt into variable interest rate debt. A summary of the notional amounts of these interest rate swaps as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was as follows:    
 
 
Notional Amount
Debt Instrument
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
4.25% Senior Notes due April 2024
 
$
250

 
$
250

3.50% Senior Notes due March 2025
 
600

 
600

3.45% Senior Notes due June 2026
 
350

 
350

 
 
$
1,200

 
$
1,200

    
The fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements in the table above have variable interest rates ranging from one-month LIBOR plus 2.2% to one-month LIBOR plus 3.0%.    

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the following amounts were recorded on the consolidated balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges included in the carrying amount of long-term debt:

 
 
 
Carrying Amount of Hedged Long-Term Debt
 
Hedge Accounting Basis Adjustment (a)
 
Carrying Amount of Hedged Long-Term Debt
 
Hedge Accounting Basis Adjustment (a)
Balance Sheet Classification
 
September 30, 2018
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2017
Long-term debt
 
$
1,087

 
$
(87
)
 
$
1,132

 
$
(33
)

(a) The balance includes $44 million and $56 million of remaining unamortized hedging adjustment on a discontinued relationship as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.


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QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)


The following table presents the effect of fair value hedge accounting on the statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
Other income (expense), net
 
Other income (expense), net
 
Other income (expense), net
 
Other income (expense), net
Total for line item in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded
 
$
3

 
$
(2
)
 
$
2

 
$
12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hedged items (Long-term debt)
 
$
10

 
$
(1
)
 
$
42

 
$
(12
)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
 
$
(10
)
 
$
1

 
$
(42
)
 
$
12


A summary of the fair values of derivative instruments in the consolidated balance sheets was as follows:

 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
 
Balance Sheet
Classification
 
Fair Value
 
Balance Sheet
Classification
 
Fair Value
Interest rate swaps
 
Other liabilities
 
$
131

 
Other liabilities
 
$
89


A full description regarding the Company's use of derivative financial instruments is contained in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.        

11.    STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST
    
Stockholders' Equity    

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component

Comprehensive income (loss) includes:
•
Foreign currency translation adjustments;
•
Net deferred loss on cash flow hedges, which represents deferred losses, net of tax on interest rate related derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges, net of amounts reclassified to interest expense (see Note 10).
    
Prior to adoption of the new accounting guidance on recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities, comprehensive income (loss) also included investment adjustments, which represented unrealized holding gains (losses), net of tax on available for sale securities, net of other-than-temporary impairment amounts reclassified to other income (expense), net. Refer to Note 2 for details regarding the adoption of the new accounting standard related to the recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the tax effects related to the deferred losses on cash flow hedges were not material. Foreign currency translation adjustments related to indefinite investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries are not adjusted for income taxes.

Dividend Program
    
During each of the first three quarters of 2018, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.50 per common share. During each of the four quarters of 2017, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.45 per common share.
    

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QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)


Share Repurchase Program
        
As of September 30, 2018, $767 million remained available under the Company’s share repurchase authorizations. The share repurchase authorization has no set expiration or termination date.    

Share Repurchases

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company repurchased 1.4 million shares of its common stock for $150 million.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company repurchased 3.6 million shares of its common stock for $365 million, which included an accrual of $15 million recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheet for shares repurchased not settled.

Shares Reissued from Treasury Stock

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company reissued 1.7 million shares and 2.3 million shares, respectively, from treasury stock for shares issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan and stock option plans. For details regarding the Company's stock ownership and compensation plans, see Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.    

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

In connection with the sale of an 18.9% noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary to UMass Memorial Medical Center ("UMass") on July 1, 2015, the Company granted UMass the right to require the Company to purchase all of its interest in the subsidiary at fair value commencing July 1, 2020. The subsidiary performs diagnostic information services in a defined territory within the state of Massachusetts. Since the redemption of the noncontrolling interest is outside of the Company's control, it has been presented outside of stockholders' equity at the greater of its carrying amount or its fair value. The Company records changes in the fair value of the noncontrolling interest immediately as they occur. As of September 30, 2018, the redeemable noncontrolling interest was presented at its fair value.


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QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)


12.    SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW AND OTHER DATA

Supplemental cash flow and other data for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Depreciation expense
$
55

 
$
50

 
$
162

 
$
143

Amortization expense
22

 
19

 
66

 
54

Depreciation and amortization expense
$
77

 
$
69

 
$
228

 
$
197

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
$
(42
)
 
$
(39
)
 
$
(126
)
 
$
(114
)
Interest income
1

 
1

 
2

 
2

Interest expense, net
$
(41
)
 
$
(38
)
 
$
(124
)
 
$
(112
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest paid
$
28

 
$
27

 
$
114

 
$
104

Income taxes paid
$
29

 
$
64

 
$
70

 
$
177

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets acquired under capital leases
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1

 
$
—

Accounts payable associated with capital expenditures
$
13

 
$
14

 
$
13

 
$
14

Accounts payable associated with purchases of treasury stock
$
—

 
$
15

 
$
—

 
$
15

Dividends payable
$
68

 
$
62

 
$
68

 
$
62

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Businesses acquired:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Fair value of assets acquired
$
59

 
$
229

 
$
242

 
$
343

Fair value of liabilities assumed
—

 
40

 
1

 
40

Fair value of net assets acquired
59

 
189

 
241

 
303

Merger consideration paid (payable), net
(5
)
 
(2
)
 
(17
)
 
(4
)
Cash paid for business acquisitions
54

 
187

 
224

 
299

Less: Cash acquired
—

 
—

 
5

 
—

Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired
$
54

 
$
187

 
$
219

 
$
299

    

13.     COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Letters of Credit

The Company can issue letters of credit totaling $100 million under its secured receivables credit facility and $150 million under its senior unsecured revolving credit facility. For further discussion regarding the Company's secured receivables credit facility and senior unsecured revolving credit facility, see Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 9 to the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements.    
    
In support of its risk management program, to ensure the Company’s performance or payment to third parties, $71 million in letters of credit under the secured receivables credit facility were outstanding as of September 30, 2018. The letters of credit primarily represent collateral for current and future automobile liability and workers’ compensation loss payments.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)



Contingent Lease Obligations
    
The Company remains subject to contingent obligations under certain real estate leases, including leases that were entered into by certain predecessor companies of a subsidiary prior to the Company's acquisition of the subsidiary. No liability has been recorded for any of these potential contingent obligations. For further details, see Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Legal Matters
    
The Company is involved in various legal proceedings. Some of the proceedings against the Company involve claims that could be substantial in amount.

In the normal course of business, the Company has been named, from time to time, as a defendant in various legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions and other litigation, arising in connection with the Company's activities as a provider of diagnostic testing, information and services. These legal actions may include lawsuits alleging negligence or other similar legal claims. These actions could involve claims for substantial compensatory and/or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages, and could have an adverse impact on the Company's client base and reputation.

The Company is also involved, from time to time, in other reviews, investigations and proceedings by governmental agencies regarding the Company's business, including, among other matters, operational matters, which may result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions or other relief. The number of these reviews, investigations and proceedings has increased in recent years with regard to many firms in the healthcare services industry, including the Company.
    
The federal or state governments may bring claims based on the Company's current practices, which it believes are lawful. In addition, certain federal and state statutes, including the qui tam provisions of the federal False Claims Act, allow private individuals to bring lawsuits against healthcare companies on behalf of government or private payers. The Company is aware of lawsuits, and from time to time has received subpoenas, related to billing practices based on the qui tam provisions of the Civil False Claims Act or other federal and state statutes, regulations or other laws. The Company understands that there may be other pending qui tam claims brought by former employees or other "whistle blowers" as to which the Company cannot determine the extent of any potential liability.

Management cannot predict the outcome of such matters. Although management does not anticipate that the ultimate outcome of such matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, given the high degree of judgment involved in establishing loss estimates related to these types of matters, the outcome of such matters may be material to the Company's results of operations or cash flows in the period in which the impact of such matters is determined or paid.
    
These matters are in different stages. Some of these matters are in their early stages. Matters may involve responding to and cooperating with various government investigations and related subpoenas.  As of September 30, 2018, the Company does not believe that material losses related to legal matters are probable.
    
Reserves for legal matters totaled $5 million and $2 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.


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QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)


Reserves for General and Professional Liability Claims
    
As a general matter, providers of clinical testing services may be subject to lawsuits alleging negligence or other similar legal claims. These suits could involve claims for substantial damages. Any professional liability litigation could also have an adverse impact on the Company's client base and reputation. The Company maintains various liability insurance coverages for, among other things, claims that could result from providing, or failing to provide, clinical testing services, including inaccurate testing results, and other exposures. The Company's insurance coverage limits its maximum exposure on individual claims; however, the Company is essentially self-insured for a significant portion of these claims. Reserves for such matters, including those associated with both asserted and incurred but not reported claims, are established on an undiscounted basis by considering actuarially determined losses based upon the Company's historical and projected loss experience. Such reserves totaled $122 million and $118 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Management believes that established reserves and present insurance coverage are sufficient to cover currently estimated exposures. Management cannot predict the outcome of any claims made against the Company. Although management does not anticipate that the ultimate outcome of any such proceedings or claims will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, given the high degree of judgment involved in establishing accruals for loss estimates related to these types of matters, the outcome may be material to the Company's results of operations or cash flows in the period in which the impact of such claims is determined or paid.

14.    BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company's DIS business is the only reportable segment based on the manner in which the Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), assesses performance and allocates resources across the organization. The DIS business provides diagnostic information services to a broad range of customers, including patients, clinicians, hospitals, IDNs, health plans, employers and ACOs. The Company is the world's leading provider of diagnostic information services, which includes providing information and insights based on the industry-leading menu of routine, non-routine and advanced clinical testing and anatomic pathology testing, and other diagnostic information services. The DIS business accounted for greater than 95% of net revenues in 2018 and 2017.

All other operating segments include the Company's DS businesses, which consist of its risk assessment services and healthcare information technology businesses. The Company's DS businesses are the leading provider of risk assessment services for the life insurance industry and offer healthcare organizations and clinicians robust information technology solutions.
        
As of September 30, 2018, substantially all of the Company’s services were provided within the United States, and substantially all of the Company’s assets were located within the United States.

The following table is a summary of segment information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Segment asset information is not presented since it is not used by the CODM at the operating segment level. Operating earnings (loss) of each segment represents net revenues less directly identifiable expenses to arrive at operating income (loss) for the segment. General corporate activities included in the table below are comprised of general management and administrative corporate expenses, amortization and impairment of intangibles assets and other operating income and expenses, net of certain general corporate activity costs that are allocated to the DIS and DS businesses. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those of the Company as set forth in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 2 to the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)


 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net revenues:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

DIS business
$
1,810

 
$
1,777

 
$
5,448

 
$
5,283

All other operating segments
79

 
79

 
244

 
254

Total net revenues
$
1,889

 
$
1,856

 
$
5,692

 
$
5,537

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating earnings (loss):
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

DIS business
$
333

 
$
334

 
$
982

 
$
987

All other operating segments
11

 
10

 
33

 
40

General corporate activities
(40
)
 
(46
)
 
(134
)
 
(131
)
Total operating income
304

 
298

 
881

 
896

Non-operating expenses, net
(38
)
 
(40
)
 
(122
)
 
(100
)
Income before income taxes and equity in earnings of equity method investees
266

 
258

 
759

 
796

Income tax expense
(48
)
 
(92
)
 
(142
)
 
(264
)
Equity in earnings of equity method investees, net of taxes
9

 
9

 
32

 
25

Net income
227

 
175

 
649

 
557

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
14

 
14

 
40

 
39

Net income attributable to Quest Diagnostics
$
213

 
$
161

 
$
609

 
$
518


15.    RELATED PARTIES

The Company's equity method investees primarily consist of its clinical trials central laboratory services joint venture and its diagnostic information services joint ventures, which are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized net revenues of $9 million and $8 million, respectively, associated with diagnostic information services provided to its equity method investees. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized net revenues of $27 million and $28 million, respectively, associated with such services. As of both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there was $3 million of accounts receivable from equity method investees related to such services.
      
During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized income of $4 million and $3 million, respectively, associated with the performance of certain corporate services, including transition services, for its equity method investees, classified within selling, general and administrative expenses. During both the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized income of $12 million associated with the performance of such services classified within selling, general and administrative expenses. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there was $3 million and $7 million, respectively, of other receivables from equity method investees included in prepaid expenses and other current assets related to these service agreements and other transition related items. In addition, accounts payable and accrued expenses as of December 31, 2017 included $1 million due to equity method investees.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company contributed $10 million to an equity method investee to fund its share of an acquisition made by the equity method investee.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)


16.    TAXES ON INCOME

For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the effective income tax rate was 18.1% and 35.7%, respectively. The lower effective income tax rate was due primarily to the reduced corporate income tax rate as a result of the TCJA. In addition, during the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized a $13 million income tax benefit due to the release of tax reserves associated with the expiration of the statute of limitations for certain income tax returns and $4 million of excess tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation arrangements. During the thr