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TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended DECEMBER 31, 2002
Commission file number |
Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter | IRS Employer Identification No. | ||
1-12869 |
CONSTELLATION ENERGY GROUP, INC. |
52-1964611 |
||
1-1910 |
BALTIMORE GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY |
52-0280210 |
MARYLAND
(States of incorporation)
750 E. PRATT STREET BALTIMORE,
MARYLAND 21202
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
410-234-5000
(Registrants' telephone number, including area code)
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(B) OF THE ACT:
Title of each class |
|
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered |
|
---|---|---|---|
Constellation Energy Group, Inc. Common StockWithout Par Value | ) | New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Chicago Stock Exchange, Inc. Pacific Exchange, Inc. |
|
7.16% Trust Originated Preferred Securities ($25 liquidation amount per preferred security) issued by BGE Capital Trust I, fully and unconditionally guaranteed, based on several obligations, by Baltimore Gas and Electric Company |
) |
New York Stock Exchange, Inc. |
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(G) OF THE ACT:
Not Applicable
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o.
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants' knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ý
Indicate by check mark whether Constellation Energy Group, Inc. is an accelerated filer Yes ý No o.
Indicate by check mark whether Baltimore Gas and Electric Company is an accelerated filer Yes o No ý.
Aggregate market value of Constellation Energy Group, Inc. Common Stock, without par value, held by non-affiliates as of June 28, 2002 was approximately $4,791,476,554 and February 28, 2003 was approximately $4,293,890,795 based upon New York Stock Exchange composite transaction closing price.
CONSTELLATION ENERGY GROUP, INC. COMMON STOCK, WITHOUT PAR VALUE 164,764,752 SHARES OUTSTANDING ON FEBRUARY 28, 2003.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Part of Form 10-K |
Document Incorporated by Reference |
|
---|---|---|
III | Certain sections of the Proxy Statement for Constellation Energy Group, Inc. for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 25, 2003. |
Baltimore Gas and Electric Company meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction I(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-K and is therefore filing this Form in the reduced disclosure format.
We make statements in this report that are considered forward looking statements within the meaning of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Sometimes these statements will contain words such as "believes," "expects," "intends," "plans," and other similar words. These statements are not guarantees of our future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other important factors that could cause our actual performance or achievements to be materially different from those we project. These risks, uncertainties, and factors include, but are not limited to:
Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward looking statements. Please see the other sections of this report and our other periodic reports filed with the SEC for more information on these factors. These forward looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this report.
Changes may occur after that date, and neither Constellation Energy nor BGE assume responsibility to update these forward looking statements.
Constellation Energy Group, Inc. (Constellation Energy) is a North American energy company that conducts its business through various subsidiaries including a merchant energy business and Baltimore Gas and Electric Company (BGE).
Constellation Energy maintains a website at constellation.com where copies of our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments may be obtained free of charge. These reports are posted on our website the same day they are filed with the SEC. The website address for BGE is bge.com. Both website addresses are inactive textual references and the contents of these websites are not part of this Form 10-K.
1
Constellation Energy was incorporated in Maryland on September 25, 1995. On April 30, 1999, Constellation Energy became the holding company for BGE and its subsidiaries through a share exchange. References in this report to "we" and "our" are to Constellation Energy and its subsidiaries, collectively. References in this report to the "utility business" are to BGE.
Our merchant energy business is a competitive provider of energy solutions for large customers in North America. It has electric generation assets located in various regions of the United States and provides energy solutions to meet customers' needs. Our merchant energy business focuses on serving the full energy and capacity requirements of, and providing other risk management activities for various customers, such as utilities, municipalities, cooperatives, retail aggregators, and large commercial and industrial customers.
Our merchant energy business includes:
BGE is a regulated electric and gas public transmission and distribution utility company with a service territory that covers the City of Baltimore and all or part of ten counties in central Maryland. BGE was incorporated in Maryland in 1906.
Our other nonregulated businesses:
In addition, we own several investments that we do not consider to be core operations. These include financial investments, real estate projects, and interests in a Latin American distribution project and in a fund that holds interests in two South American energy projects. We decided to sell certain non-core assets and accelerated the exit strategies of other projects. We sold certain non-core assets in 2002 and closed our retail merchandise stores in December 2002.
For a discussion of recent events that have impacted Constellation Energy, please refer to Item 7. Management's Discussion and AnalysisSignificant Events section. For a discussion of Constellation Energy's strategy, please refer to Item 7. Management's Discussion and AnalysisStrategy section. For a discussion of the seasonality of our business, please refer to Item 7. Management's Discussion and AnalysisBusiness Environment section.
The percentages of revenues, net income, and assets attributable to our operating segments are shown in the tables below. We present information about our operating segments, including certain special items, in Note 3 to Consolidated Financial Statements. Effective July 1, 2000, the financial results of the electric generation portion of our business are included in the merchant energy business segment. Prior to that date, the financial results are included in the regulated electric segment.
|
Unaffiliated Revenues |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Merchant Energy |
Regulated Electric |
Regulated Gas |
Other Nonregulated |
|||||
2002 | 35 | % | 42 | % | 12 | % | 11 | % | |
2001 | 16 | 53 | 17 | 14 | |||||
2000 | 11 | 57 | 16 | 16 |
|
Net income(1) |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Merchant Energy |
Regulated Electric |
Regulated Gas |
Other Nonregulated |
|||||
2002 | 67 | % | 29 | % | 8 | % | (4 | )% | |
2001 | 75 | 22 | 10 | (7 | ) | ||||
2000 | 68 | 34 | 9 | (11 | ) |
|
Total Assets |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Merchant Energy |
Regulated Electric |
Regulated Gas |
Other Nonregulated & Corp. Items |
|||||
2002 | 63 | % | 25 | % | 8 | % | 4 | % | |
2001 | 57 | 27 | 8 | 8 | |||||
2000 | 56 | 26 | 9 | 9 |
2
Our merchant energy business integrates electric generation assets with the marketing and risk management of energy and energy-related commodities, allowing us to manage energy price risk over geographic regions and over time. Constellation Power Source, our origination and risk management operation, dispatches the energy from our generating facilities, manages the risks associated with selling the output and obtaining the fuel, and structures transactions to meet customers' energy and risk management requirements. Generation capacity supports our origination and risk management operation by providing a source of reliable power supply that provides a physical hedge for some of our load-serving activities.
Our merchant energy business:
We analyze the results of our merchant energy business as follows:
We present details about our generating properties in Item 2. Properties.
We own 6,485 MW of fossil, nuclear and hydroelectric generation capacity in the PJM region. The output of these plants is managed by our origination and risk management operation and is hedged through a combination of power sales to wholesale and retail market participants.
BGE transferred all of these facilities to our merchant energy generation subsidiaries on July 1, 2000 as a result of the implementation of electric customer choice and competition among suppliers in Maryland, except for the Handsome Lake project that commenced operations in mid-2001. The assets transferred from BGE are subject to the lien of BGE's mortgage.
These facilities include the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant (two units), which is our largest generating station. In March 2000, Calvert Cliffs became the first nuclear power plant in the United States to achieve license renewal. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approved a twenty-year license renewal for both units of Calvert Cliffs, extending the license for Unit 1 to 2034 and for Unit 2 to 2036.
Our merchant energy business provides standard offer electric service to BGE as discussed in the Baltimore Gas and Electric Company section. Our merchant energy business meets the load-serving requirements of this contract using the output from the PJM facilities and from purchases in the wholesale market. For 2002, the peak load supplied to BGE was approximately 5,425 MW.
Plants with Power Purchase Agreements
We own 2,530 MW of nuclear and natural gas generation capacity, and have under construction an 830 MW natural gas-fired facility that will commence operation in 2003, with power purchase agreements for their output. These facilities include Nine Mile Point, which is our second largest generating station. We purchased 100% of Unit 1 (609 MW) and 82% of Unit 2 (941 MW) in November 2001. The remaining interest in Nine Mile Point Unit 2 is owned by a subsidiary of the Long Island Power Authority. Unit 1 entered service in 1969 and Unit 2 in 1988. Nine Mile Point is located within the New York Independent System Operator (NYISO) region.
We sell 90 percent of our share of the Nine Mile Point plant's output back to the sellers at an average price of nearly $35 per megawatt-hour (MWH) under agreements that terminate between 2009 and 2010. The agreements for the output of both units are unit contingent (if the output is not available because the plant is not operating, there is no requirement to provide output from other sources). The remaining 10% of Nine Mile Point's output is managed by our origination and risk management operation and sold into the wholesale market.
3
After termination of the power purchase agreements, a revenue sharing agreement will begin and continue through 2021. Under this agreement, which applies only to Unit 2, a strike price is compared to the market price for electricity. If the market price exceeds the strike price, then 80% of this excess amount is shared with the sellers. The revenue sharing agreement is unit contingent and is based on the operation of the unit.
We have an operating agreement with the Long Island Power Authority subsidiary to exclusively operate Unit 2. The Long Island Power Authority subsidiary is responsible for 18% of the operating costs (and decommissioning costs) of Unit 2 and has representation on the Nine Mile Point management committee which provides certain oversight and review functions.
The license on Nine Mile Point's Unit 1 expires in 2009 and in 2026 on Unit 2. We have commenced a license extension initiative for both units with the objective of obtaining up to 20 years of additional operations. We expect to submit the license extension application to the NRC in the fall of 2003.
Our other facilities with power purchase agreements consist of:
We have sold portions of the output of these facilities ranging from 50% to 100% under tolling contracts for terms ending in 2005 through 2009. Under these tolling contracts, our respective counterparties will pay a fixed amount per month and have the right, but not the obligation, to purchase power from us at prices linked to the variable fuel and other costs of production.
We are currently leasing and supervising the construction of the High Desert Power Project, an 830 MW natural-gas fired combined cycle generating facility in Victorville, California. The project is scheduled for completion in mid-2003.
We signed a long-term power sales agreement with the State of California. The contract is a "tolling" structure, under which the California Department of Water Resources (CDWR) will pay a fixed amount of $12.1 million per month and provides the CDWR the right, but not the obligation, to purchase power from the High Desert Power Project at a price linked to the variable cost of production. During the term of the contract, which runs for seven years and nine months from the commercial operation date of the plant, the High Desert Power Project will provide energy exclusively to the CDWR. The capacity payment is proportionately reduced if the plant's availability is less than 95%. We discuss the High Desert project in more detail in Item 7. Management's Discussion and AnalysisSignificant Events section.
We are a leading supplier of energy through load-serving activities in North America to wholesale customers and large commercial and industrial customers and assist them in managing their energy needs. Our competitive supply activities include the 800 MW Rio Nogales natural gas-fired generating facility that commenced operation in mid-2002 and is used to manage our Texas portfolio.
Origination of Structured Transactions
We structure transactions that serve the full energy and capacity requirements of various customers outside the PJM region such as distribution utilities, municipalities, cooperatives, and retail aggregators that do not own sufficient generating capacity or in-house supply functions to meet their own load requirements. We also structure transactions that serve the full energy and capacity requirements and other operational and administrative processes for large commercial and industrial customers.
These activities typically occur in regional markets in which end user customers' electricity rates have been deregulated and thereby separated from the cost of generation supply. These markets include: New England, the Mid-Atlantic, Texas, the Midwest, the West, and certain areas of Canada. Contracts with these customers generally extend from one to ten years, but some can be longer. We currently have approximately 18,700 MW of load under contract for 2003.
In 2002, we acquired NewEnergy and Alliance as discussed in Item 7. Management's Discussion and AnalysisSignificant Events section. These acquisitions expand our business in the competitive supply market by providing electricity, natural gas, transportation, and other energy related services to large commercial and industrial customers throughout the United States.
To meet our customers' load-serving requirements, our merchant energy business obtains energy from various sources, including:
Risk Management Activities
Our origination and risk management operation actively uses energy and energy-related commodities in order to manage our portfolio of energy purchases and sales to customers through structured transactions, to obtain market intelligence, and to take advantage of arbitrage opportunities that exist across different markets. These activities involve the use of a variety of instruments, including:
4
Active portfolio management allows our origination and risk management operation to manage and hedge its fixed-price purchase and sale commitments; provide fixed-price commitments to customers and suppliers; reduce exposure to the volatility of cash market prices; and hedge fuel requirements at our generation facilities.
We own 1,491 MW of generating facilities and qualifying facilities and domestic power projects, which include several natural gas-fired facilities that commenced operation since 2001. The output of these facilities is managed by our origination and risk management operation and sold into the wholesale market.
In addition, we hold up to a 50% ownership interest in 28 operating energy projects that consist of electric generation (primarily relying on alternative fuel sources), fuel processing, or fuel handling facilities and are either qualifying facilities under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 or otherwise exempt from, or not subject to, the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935. Each electric generating plant sells its output to a local utility under long-term contracts.
Our merchant energy business has invested in partnerships that own 13 operating power projects of which our ownership percentage represents 137 megawatts of electricity that are sold to Pacific Gas & Electric (PGE) and to Southern California Edison (SCE) in California under power purchase agreements. The projects entered into agreements with PGE through July 2006 and SCE through April 2007 that provide for fixed-price payments averaging $53.70 per megawatt-hour plus the stated capacity payments in the original agreements.
We also provide the following services:
Our power plants use diverse fuel sources. Our fuel mix based on capacity owned at December 31, 2002 and our generation based on actual output by fuel type in 2002 were as follows:
Fuel |
Capacity Owned |
Generation |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nuclear | 28.6 | % | 53.4 | % | |
Coal | 24.2 | 35.7 | |||
Natural Gas | 25.6 | 3.3 | |||
Oil | 6.7 | 1.3 | |||
Renewable and Alternative(1) | 4.3 | 4.3 | |||
Dual(2) | 10.6 | 2.0 |
We discuss our risks associated with fuel in more detail in Item 7. Management's Discussion and AnalysisMarket Risk section.
Nuclear
The output at Calvert Cliffs over the past five years has been:
|
Generation MWH |
Capacity Factor |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2002 | 12,087,408 | 82 | % | ||
2001 | 13,648,932 | 92 | |||
2000 | 13,826,046 | 93 | |||
1999 | 13,309,306 | 91 | |||
1998 | 13,326,633 | 91 |
The output at Nine Mile Point over the past five years has been:
|
Generation MWH* |
Capacity Factor |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2002 | 11,727,567 | 87 | % | ||
2001 | 11,613,519 | 86 | |||
2000 | 11,243,095 | 83 | |||
1999 | 10,766,425 | 79 | |||
1998 | 10,837,848 | 80 |
*represents our proportionate ownership interest
5
The supply of fuel for nuclear generating stations includes the:
Uranium Concentrates: |
We have under contract sufficient quantities of uranium to meet 100% of both Calvert Cliffs' and Nine Mile Point's requirements through 2004, 50% for both plants in 2005, 60% for both plants in 2006 and 25% for both plants in 2007. |
|
Conversion: | We have contractual commitments providing for the conversion of uranium concentrate into uranium hexafluoride that will meet 100% of Calvert Cliffs' and Nine Mile Point's requirements through 2004, 50% for both plants in 2005, 67% for both plants in 2006 and 50% for both plants in 2007. | |
Enrichment: | We have contractual commitments that provide 100% of Calvert Cliffs' and Nine Mile Point's uranium enrichment requirements through 2006 and 25% of these requirements for both plants in 2007 and 2008. | |
Fuel Assembly Fabrication: |
We have contracted for the fabrication of fuel assemblies for reloads required through 2013 at Calvert Cliffs and through 2005 for Nine Mile Point Unit 2 and through 2009 for Nine Mile Point Unit 1. |
The nuclear fuel markets are competitive and we do not anticipate any problem in meeting our future requirements.
Storage of Spent Nuclear FuelFederal Facilities
One of the issues associated with the operation and decommissioning of nuclear generating facilities is disposal of spent nuclear fuel. The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 required the federal
government, through the Department of Energy (DOE) by January 31, 1998, to begin to dispose of spent nuclear fuel. The federal government has stated that it will not meet that obligation until 2010 at
the earliest.
The 1982 Act assesses a tenth of one cent (one mill) per kilowatt-hour fee on nuclear electricity generated and sold to pay for the costs of disposing of spent fuel. We estimate this fee to be approximately $13 million for Calvert Cliffs and $12 million for our portion of Nine Mile Point each year based on expected operating levels. We will pay our portion of these fees into the DOE's Nuclear Waste Fund.
On February 14, 2002, the Secretary of Energy submitted to the President a recommendation for approval of the Yucca Mountain site for the development of a nuclear waste repository for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high level nuclear waste from the nation's defense activities. In July 2002, the President signed a resolution approving the Yucca Mountain site after receiving the approval of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. This action allows the Department of Energy to apply to the NRC to license the project. The Department of Energy currently expects that this facility will open in 2010. However, the opening of Yucca Mountain could be delayed due to multiple lawsuits initiated by the State of Nevada and other interested parties, the NRC licensing hearings, and other issues related to the site.
Storage of Spent Nuclear FuelOn-Site Facilities
Calvert Cliffs has a license from the NRC to operate an on-site independent spent fuel storage installation that expires in 2012. We have storage capacity at Calvert Cliffs that will accommodate spent
fuel from operations through 2008. In addition, we can expand our temporary storage capacity at Calvert Cliffs to meet future requirements until approximately 2025. Currently, Nine Mile Point does not
have independent spent fuel storage capacity. Rather, Nine Mile Point's Unit 1 has sufficient storage capacity within the plant until the end of its current operating license in 2009. If license
renewal is obtained, independent spent fuel storage capability will need to be developed. Nine Mile Point's Unit 2 has sufficient storage capacity within the plant until 2012. After that time
independent spent fuel storage capability may need to be developed.
Cost for Decommissioning Uranium Enrichment Facilities
The Energy Policy Act of 1992 contains provisions requiring domestic nuclear utilities to contribute to a fund for decommissioning and decontaminating uranium enrichment facilities that had been
operated by DOE. These contributions are generally payable over a 15-year period with escalation for inflation and are based upon the amount of uranium enriched by DOE for each utility through 1992.
The 1992 Act provides that these costs are recoverable through utility service rates. BGE is solely responsible for these costs as they relate to Calvert Cliffs. The sellers of the Nine Mile Point
plant and a subsidiary of the Long Island Power Authority are responsible for the costs relating to the Nine Mile Point plant.
Cost for Decommissioning
We are obligated to decommission our nuclear plants at the time these plants cease operation. Both Calvert Cliffs and Nine Mile Point are required by the NRC to prepare financially for this
decommissioning. When BGE transferred all of its nuclear generating assets to our merchant energy business, it also transferred the trust fund established to pay for decommissioning Calvert Cliffs. At
December 31, 2002, the trust fund was $239.7 million.
6
Under the Maryland Public Service Commission's (Maryland PSC) order regarding the deregulation of electric generation, BGE ratepayers must pay a total of $520 million, in 1993 dollars, adjusted for inflation, to decommission Calvert Cliffs through fixed annual collections of approximately $18.7 million until June 30, 2006, and thereafter in an annual amount determined by reference to specified factors. BGE is collecting this amount on behalf of Calvert Cliffs. Any costs to decommission Calvert Cliffs in excess of this $520 million must be paid by Calvert Cliffs. If BGE ratepayers have paid more than this amount at the time of decommissioning, Calvert Cliffs must refund the excess. If the cost to decommission Calvert Cliffs is less than the amount BGE's ratepayers are obligated to pay, Calvert Cliffs may keep the difference.
The sellers of Nine Mile Point transferred a $441.7 million decommissioning trust fund at the time of sale. In return, Nine Mile Point assumed all liability for the costs to decommission Unit 1 and 82% of the cost to decommission Unit 2. We believe that this amount is adequate to cover our responsibility for decommissioning Nine Mile Point to a greenfield status (restoration of the site so that it substantially matches the natural state of the surrounding properties and the site's intended use). At December 31, 2002, the Nine Mile Point trust fund was $405.7 million.
Coal
We purchase the majority of our coal under supply contracts with mining operators, and we acquire the remainder in the spot or forward coal markets. We believe that we will be able to renew supply
contracts as they expire or enter into contracts with other coal suppliers. Our primary coal burning facilities have the following requirements:
|
Approximate Annual Coal Requirement (tons) |
Special Coal Restrictions |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Brandon Shores Units 1 and 2 (combined) |
3,500,000 | Sulfur content less than 0.8% | ||
C. P. Crane Units 1 and 2 (combined) |
850,000 | Low ash melting temperature | ||
H. A. Wagner Units 2 and 3 (combined) |
1,100,000 | Sulfur content no more than 1% |
Coal deliveries to these facilities are made by rail and barge. The coal we use is produced from mines located in central and northern Appalachia.
All of the Conemaugh and Keystone plants' annual coal requirements are purchased from regional suppliers on the open market. The sulfur restrictions on coal are approximately 2.5% for the Keystone plant and approximately 4.5% for the Conemaugh plant.
The annual coal requirements for the ACE, Jasmin, and POSO plants, which are located in California, are supplied under contracts with mining operators. Each plant is restricted to coal with sulfur content less than 4%.
All of our requirements reflect historical levels. The actual fuel quantities required can vary substantially from historical levels depending upon the relationship between energy prices and fuel costs, weather conditions, and operating requirements.
Gas
We purchase natural gas and transportation, as necessary, for electric generation at certain plants. Some of our gas-fired units can use residual fuel oil or distillates instead of gas. Gas is
purchased under contracts with suppliers on the spot market and forward markets, including financial exchanges and bilateral agreements. The actual fuel quantities required can vary substantially from
year to year depending upon the relationship between energy prices and fuel costs, weather conditions, and operating requirements. However, we believe that we will be able to obtain adequate
quantities of gas to meet our requirements.
Oil
Under normal burn practices, our requirements for residual fuel oil (No. 6) amount to approximately 1,500,000 to 2,000,000 barrels of low-sulfur oil per year. Deliveries of residual fuel oil are made
from the suppliers' Baltimore Harbor marine terminal for distribution to the various generating plant locations. Also, based on normal burn practices, we also require approximately 5,000,000 to
6,000,000 gallons of distillates (No. 2 oil and kerosene) annually, but these requirements can vary substantially from year to year depending upon the relationship between energy prices and fuel
costs, weather conditions, and operating requirements. Distillates are purchased from the suppliers' Baltimore truck terminals for distribution to the various generating plant locations. We have
contracts with various suppliers to purchase oil at spot prices, and for future delivery, to meet our requirements.
Market developments over the past several years have changed the nature of competition in the merchant energy business. Certain companies within the merchant energy sector have either curtailed their activities or have withdrawn completely from the business. In addition, other companies are entering the market (i.e., financial investors). We encounter competition from companies of various sizes, having varying levels of experience, financial and human resources, and differing strategies.
7
We face competition in the market for energy, capacity, and ancillary services. In our merchant energy business, we compete with international, national, and regional full service energy providers, merchants and producers, to obtain competitively priced supplies from a variety of sources and locations, and to utilize efficient transmission or transportation. We principally compete on the basis of the price, customer service, reliability, and availability of our products.
With respect to power generation, we compete in the operation of energy-producing projects, and our competitors in this business are both domestic and international organizations, many of whom have extensive and diversified operating expertise including various utilities, industrial companies and independent power producers (including affiliates of utilities), and some of which have financial resources that are greater than ours.
During the transition of the energy industry to competitive markets, it is difficult for us to assess our position versus the position of existing power providers and new entrants because each company may employ widely differing strategies in their fuel supply and power sales contracts with regard to pricing, terms and conditions. Further difficulties in making competitive assessments of our company arise from states considering different types of regulatory initiatives concerning competition in the power industry. Increased competition that resulted from some of these initiatives in several states contributed in some instances to a reduction in electricity prices and put pressure on electric utilities to lower their costs, including the cost of purchased electricity. In addition, some states that were considering deregulation have slowed their plans or postponed consideration of deregulation.
We believe there is adequate growth potential in the current deregulated market. However, in response to regional market differences and to promote competitive markets, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) proposed initiatives promoting the formation of Regional Transmission Organizations and a standard market design. If approved, these market changes could provide additional opportunities for our merchant energy business. Additionally, while competition has been adversely impacted by recent market events including the weakened financial condition of certain energy companies, we expect our business to become more competitive due to technological advances in power generation, e-commerce enabling new ways of conducting business, the entrance of new full service providers, and increased efficiency of energy markets.
However, we believe that our experience and expertise in assessing and managing risk will help us to remain competitive during volatile or otherwise adverse market circumstances.
Merchant Energy Operating Statistics
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Revenues (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
PJM Platform | $ | 1,391.4 | $ | 1,379.2 | $ | 731.7 | $ | | $ | | |||||||
Plants with Power Purchase Agreements | 456.4 | 70.8 | | | | ||||||||||||
Competitive SupplyAccrual Revenues | 587.6 | | | | | ||||||||||||
Mark-to-Market Revenues | 238.1 | 175.8 | 151.5 | 147.7 | 47.5 | ||||||||||||
Other | 92.2 | 139.7 | 142.5 | 129.6 | 136.1 | ||||||||||||
Total Revenue | $ | 2,765.7 | $ | 1,765.5 | $ | 1,025.7 | $ | 277.3 | $ | 183.6 | |||||||
Generation (In millions)MWH | 44.7 | 37.4 | 18.8 | 1.3 | 1.3 | ||||||||||||
Operating statistics do not reflect the elimination of intercompany transactions.
8
Baltimore Gas and Electric Company
BGE is an electric and gas public transmission and distribution utility company with a service territory that covers the City of Baltimore and all or part of ten counties in central Maryland. BGE is regulated by the Maryland PSC and FERC with respect to rates and other aspects of its business.
BGE's electric service territory includes an area of approximately 2,300 square miles. There are no municipal or cooperative wholesale customers within BGE's service territory. BGE's gas service territory includes an area of approximately 800 square miles.
BGE's electric and gas revenues come from many customersresidential, commercial, and industrial. In 2002, BGE's largest electric customer provided approximately three percent of BGE's total electric revenues. In 2002, BGE's largest gas customer provided approximately one percent of BGE's total gas revenues.
Electric Regulatory Matters and Competition
Deregulation
Effective July 1, 2000, electric customer choice and competition among electric suppliers was implemented in Maryland. As a result of the deregulation of electric generation, the following occurred effective July 1, 2000:
Standard Offer Service
Our origination and risk management operation provides BGE with 100% of the energy and capacity required to meet its standard offer service obligations through June 30, 2003. Beginning July 1, 2003, this operation will provide 90% and Allegheny Energy Supply Company, LLC will provide the remaining 10% of the energy and capacity required for BGE to meet its standard offer service obligations until June 30, 2006.
Beginning July 1, 2002, the fixed price standard offer service rate ended for large commercial and industrial customers. As a result, customers representing approximately 96% (approximately 1,200 megawatts) of load from this class purchase their electricity from an alternate supplier, including subsidiaries of Constellation Energy. The remaining large commercial and industrial customers that continue to receive their electric supply from BGE are charged market rate standard offer service.
Beginning July 1, 2004, all other commercial and industrial customers that continue to receive their electric supply from BGE will be charged a market rate standard offer service. Currently, this class of customers represents approximately 2,200 megawatts of load. Beginning July 1, 2006, BGE's current obligation to provide fixed price standard offer service to residential customers ends.
BGE's (and other Maryland utilities') role in providing electricity supply to customers is currently the subject of a proceeding at the Maryland PSC. Specifically, BGE entered into a proposed settlement agreement with parties representing customers, industry, utilities, suppliers, the Maryland Energy Administration, the Maryland PSC's Staff, and the Office of People's Counsel that extends BGE's obligation to supply standard offer service.
9
Under the proposed settlement agreement, BGE would be obligated to provide market-based standard offer service to residential customers until June 30, 2010, and for commercial and industrial customers for a one, two or four year period beyond June 30, 2004, depending on customer size. The rates charged during this time would be fixed during the term of the supply contract and would include an administrative fee. The proposed settlement agreement currently is before the Maryland PSC for approval.
We discuss the market risk of our regulated electric business in more detail in Item 7. Management's Discussion and AnalysisMarket Risk section.
Competition
The electric transmission and distribution services are facing competition from alternative energy sources that include on-site generation and cogeneration projects. In future years, emerging technologies, including fuel cells and solar panels, may also become a competitive factor.
Electric Load Management
BGE implemented various programs for use when system-operating conditions or market economics indicate that a reduction in load would be beneficial. We refer to these programs as active load management programs. These programs include:
BGE generally activates these programs on summer days when demand and/or wholesale prices are relatively high. The reduction in the summer 2002 peak load from active load management was approximately 260 MW.
Transmission and Distribution Facilities
BGE maintains approximately 250 substations and 1,300 circuit miles of transmission lines throughout central Maryland. BGE also maintains nearly 22,500 circuit miles of distribution lines. The transmission facilities are connected to those of neighboring utility systems as part of the PJM Interconnection. Under the PJM Tariff and various agreements, BGE and other market participants can use regional transmission facilities for energy, capacity and ancillary services transactions including emergency assistance.
We discuss FERC's initiatives in implementing a standard market design for wholesale electric markets in more detail in Item 7. Management's Discussion and AnalysisFERC Regulation section.
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000(A) |
1999(A) |
1998(A) |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Revenues (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
Residential | $ | 946.6 | $ | 885.3 | $ | 922.6 | $ | 975.2 | $ | 948.6 | |||||||
Commercial | 809.5 | 903.0 | 926.2 | 939.3 | 912.9 | ||||||||||||
Industrial | 169.6 | 218.1 | 203.6 | 204.3 | 211.5 | ||||||||||||
System Sales | 1,925.7 | 2,006.4 | 2,052.4 | 2,118.8 | 2,073.0 | ||||||||||||
Interchange Sales |
|
|
53.8 |
112.1 |
120.8 |
||||||||||||
Other (B) | 40.3 | 33.6 | 29.0 | 29.1 | 27.0 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,966.0 | $ | 2,040.0 | $ | 2,135.2 | $ | 2,260.0 | $ | 2,220.8 | |||||||
Sales (In thousands)MWH | |||||||||||||||||
Residential | 12,652 | 11,714 | 11,675 | 11,349 | 10,965 | ||||||||||||
Commercial | 14,602 | 14,147 | 14,042 | 13,565 | 13,219 | ||||||||||||
Industrial | 4,475 | 4,445 | 4,476 | 4,350 | 4,583 | ||||||||||||
System Sales | 31,729 | 30,306 | 30,193 | 29,264 | 28,767 | ||||||||||||
Customers (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
Residential | 1,052.3 | 1,040.5 | 1,033.4 | 1,021.4 | 1,009.1 | ||||||||||||
Commercial | 110.8 | 110.9 | 108.9 | 107.7 | 106.5 | ||||||||||||
Industrial | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 4.6 | ||||||||||||
Total | 1,168.0 | 1,156.4 | 1,147.3 | 1,133.8 | 1,120.2 | ||||||||||||
Operating statistics do not reflect the elimination of intercompany transactions.
10
Currently, no regulation exists for the wholesale price of natural gas as a commodity, and the regulation of interstate transmission at the federal level has been reduced. All BGE gas customers have the option to purchase gas from other suppliers. BGE continues to deliver gas to all customers within its service territory. This delivery service is regulated by the Maryland PSC.
BGE also provides these customers with meter reading, billing, emergency response, regular maintenance, and balancing services.
Delivery service customers may choose to purchase gas from several different suppliers, including subsidiaries of Constellation Energy. The basis of competition for delivery service customers is primarily commodity price.
Approximately 50% of the gas on our distribution system is for customers using delivery service. We charge all our delivery service customers fees to recover the costs for the transportation service we provide. These fees are the same as the delivery charges to customers that purchase gas from us.
For customers that buy their gas from BGE, there is a market-based rates incentive mechanism. Under market-based rates, our actual cost of gas is compared to a market index (a measure of the market price of gas in a given period). The difference between our actual cost and the market index is shared equally between shareholders and customers. BGE must secure fixed-price contracts for at least 10%, but not more than 20%, of forecasted system supply requirements for the November through March period.
We purchase the natural gas we resell to customers directly from many producers and marketers. We have transportation and storage agreements that expire from 2004 to 2012.
Our current pipeline firm transportation entitlements to serve our firm loads are 284,053 dekatherms (DTH) per day during the winter period and 259,053 DTH per day during the summer
period.
Our current maximum storage entitlements are 235,080 DTH per day. To supplement our gas supply at times of heavy winter demands and to be available in temporary emergencies affecting gas supply, we have:
We have under contract sufficient volumes of propane for the operation of the propane air facility and are capable of liquefying sufficient volumes of natural gas during the summer months for operations of our liquefied natural gas facility during winter emergencies.
We historically have been able to arrange short-term contracts or exchange agreements with other gas companies in the event of short-term disruptions to gas supplies.
BGE also participates in the interstate markets by releasing pipeline capacity or bundling pipeline capacity with gas for off-system sales. Off-system gas sales are low-margin direct sales of gas to wholesale suppliers of natural gas outside our service territory. Earnings from these activities are shared between shareholders and customers. We make these sales as part of a program to balance our supply of, and cost of, natural gas.
11
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Revenues (In millions) | ||||||||||||||||||
Residential | ||||||||||||||||||
Excluding Delivery Service | $ | 342.1 | $ | 378.4 | $ | 328.4 | $ | 298.1 | $ | 279.2 | ||||||||
Delivery Service | 16.5 | 16.3 | 23.5 | 11.5 | 4.9 | |||||||||||||
Commercial | ||||||||||||||||||
Excluding Delivery Service | 89.4 | 115.5 | 97.9 | 79.3 | 75.6 | |||||||||||||
Delivery Service | 29.2 | 21.4 | 25.8 | 24.4 | 19.4 | |||||||||||||
Industrial | ||||||||||||||||||
Excluding Delivery Service | 9.3 | 12.8 | 10.9 | 8.2 | 8.0 | |||||||||||||
Delivery Service | 13.9 | 13.8 | 16.3 | 16.1 | 16.0 | |||||||||||||
System Sales | 500.4 | 558.2 | 502.8 | 437.6 | 403.1 | |||||||||||||
Off-system Sales |
74.8 |
113.6 |
101.0 |
42.9 |
40.9 |
|||||||||||||
Other | 6.1 | 8.9 | 7.8 | 7.6 | 7.1 | |||||||||||||
Total | $ | 581.3 | $ | 680.7 | $ | 611.6 | $ | 488.1 | $ | 451.1 | ||||||||
Sales (In thousands)DTH | ||||||||||||||||||
Residential | ||||||||||||||||||
Excluding Delivery Service | 35,364 | 33,147 | 34,561 | 34,272 | 33,595 | |||||||||||||
Delivery Service | 6,404 | 7,201 | 9,209 | 4,468 | 1,890 | |||||||||||||
Commercial | ||||||||||||||||||
Excluding Delivery Service | 11,583 | 12,334 | 13,186 | 11,733 | 11,775 | |||||||||||||
Delivery Service | 28,429 | 25,037 | 22,921 | 20,288 | 16,633 | |||||||||||||
Industrial | ||||||||||||||||||
Excluding Delivery Service | 1,207 | 1,386 | 1,386 | 1,367 | 1,412 | |||||||||||||
Delivery Service | 23,689 | 23,872 | 32,382 | 33,118 | 34,798 | |||||||||||||
System Sales | 106,676 | 102,977 | 113,645 | 105,246 | 100,103 | |||||||||||||
Off-system Sales |
18,551 |
20,012 |
22,456 |
15,543 |
16,724 |
|||||||||||||
Total | 125,227 | 122,989 | 136,101 | 120,789 | 116,827 | |||||||||||||
Customers (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||
Residential | 567.3 | 558.7 | 553.7 | 543.5 | 532.5 | |||||||||||||
Commercial | 40.7 | 40.2 | 40.1 | 39.9 | 39.6 | |||||||||||||
Industrial | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | |||||||||||||
Total | 609.3 | 600.3 | 595.2 | 584.7 | 573.4 | |||||||||||||
Operating statistics do not reflect the elimination of intercompany transactions.
12
BGE has nonexclusive electric and gas franchises to use streets and other highways that are adequate and sufficient to permit us to engage in our present business. Conditions of the franchises are satisfactory.
We offer energy products and services designed primarily to provide solutions to the energy needs of commercial and industrial customers. These energy products and services include:
Home Products and Electric and Gas Retail Marketing
We offer services to customers including:
We also provide cooling services using a central chilled water distribution system to commercial customers in the City of Baltimore.
Our other nonregulated businesses include investments that we do not consider to be core operations. These include financial investments, real estate projects, and interests in a Latin American distribution project and in a fund that holds interests in two South American energy projects. In 2001, as part of our strategy to focus attention and capital resources on our core energy businesses, we accelerated our exit strategies for our remaining real estate projects and international investments.
Consolidated Capital Requirements
Our business requires a great deal of capital. Our total capital requirements for 2002 were $923 million. Of this amount, $706 million was used in our nonregulated businesses and $217 million was used in our utility operations. We estimate our total capital requirements to be $735 million in 2003.
We continuously review and change our capital expenditure programs, so actual expenditures may vary from the estimates above. We discuss our capital requirements further in Item
7. Management's Discussion and AnalysisCapital Resources section.
We are subject to regulation by various federal, state, and local authorities with regard to:
The development (involving site selection, environmental assessments, and permitting), construction, acquisition, and operation of electric generating and distribution facilities are subject to extensive federal, state, and local environmental and land use laws and regulations. From the beginning phases of siting and developing, to the ongoing operation of existing or new electric generating and distribution facilities, our activities involve compliance with diverse laws and regulations that address emissions and impacts to air and water, special, protected and cultural resources (such as wetlands, endangered species, and archeological/historical resources), chemical, and waste handling and noise impacts.
Our activities require complex and often lengthy processes to obtain approvals, permits, or licenses for new, existing, or modified facilities. Additionally, the use and handling of
various chemicals or hazardous materials (including wastes) requires preparation of release prevention plans and emergency response procedures. We continuously monitor federal and state environmental
initiatives in order to provide input as well as to maintain a proactive view of the future which is key to effective strategic planning. Additionally, as new laws or regulations are promulgated, we
assess their applicability and implement the necessary modifications to our facilities or their operation, as required.
Our capital expenditures (excluding allowance for funds used during construction) were approximately $265 million during the five-year period 1998-2002 to comply with existing environmental standards and regulations, and we estimate that the future incremental capital expenditures necessary to comply with existing environmental standards and regulations will be approximately $20 million in 2003.
13
The Clean Air Act affects both existing generating facilities and new projects. The Clean Air Act and many state laws require significant reductions in SO2 (sulfur dioxide) and NOX (nitrogen oxide) emissions that result from burning fossil fuels. The Clean Air Act also contains other provisions that could materially affect some of our projects. Various provisions may require permits, inspections, or installation of additional pollution control technology or may require the purchase of emission allowances. Certain of these provisions are described in more detail below.
On October 27, 1998, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a rule requiring 22 Eastern states and the District of Columbia to reduce emissions of NOX (a precursor of ozone). Among other things, the EPA's rule establishes an ozone season, which runs from May through September, and a NOX emission budget for each state, including Maryland and Pennsylvania. The EPA rule requires states to implement controls sufficient to meet their NOX budget by May 30, 2004. Coal-fired power plants are a principal target of NOX reductions under this initiative.
Many of our generation facilities are subject to NOX reduction requirements under the EPA rule, including those located in Maryland and Pennsylvania. At the Brandon Shores and Wagner facilities, we installed emission reduction equipment to meet Maryland regulations issued pursuant to EPA's rule. The owners of the Keystone plant in Pennsylvania are installing emissions reduction equipment by July 2003 to meet Pennsylvania regulations issued pursuant to EPA's rule. We estimate our costs for the equipment needed at this plant will be approximately $35 million. Through December 31, 2002, we have spent approximately $26 million.
The EPA established new National Ambient Air Quality Standards for very fine particulates and revised standards for ozone attainment that were upheld after various court appeals. While these standards may require increased controls at some of our fossil generating plants in the future, implementation could be delayed for several years. We cannot estimate the cost of these increased controls at this time because the states, including Maryland, Pennsylvania, and California, still need to determine what reductions in pollutants will be necessary to meet the EPA standards.
The EPA and several states have filed suits against a number of coal-fired power plants in Mid-Western and Southern states alleging violations of the deterioration prevention and non-attainment provisions of the Clean Air Act's new source review requirements. In 2000, and again in 2002, using its broad investigatory powers, the EPA requested information relating to modifications made to our Brandon Shores, Crane, and Wagner plants in Baltimore, Maryland. The EPA also sent similar, but narrower, information requests to two of our newer Pennsylvania waste-coal burning plants. This information is to determine compliance with the Clean Air Act and state implementation plan requirements, including potential application of federal New Source Performance Standards. We have responded to the EPA and as of the date of this report the EPA has taken no further action.
In general, such standards can require the installation of additional air pollution control equipment upon the major modification of an existing plant. Although there have not been any new source review-related suits filed against our facilities, there can be no assurance that any of them will not be the target of an action in the future. Based on the levels of emissions control that the EPA and states are seeking in these new source review enforcement actions, we believe that material additional costs and penalties could be incurred, and planned capital expenditures could be accelerated, if the EPA was successful in any future actions regarding our facilities.
The Clean Air Act requires the EPA to evaluate the public health impacts of emissions of mercury, a hazardous air pollutant, from coal-fired plants. The EPA has decided to control mercury emissions from coal-fired plants. Compliance could be required by approximately 2007. We believe final regulations could be issued in 2004 and would affect all coal-fired boilers. The cost of compliance with the final regulations could be material.
Future initiatives regarding greenhouse gas emissions and global warming continue to be the subject of much debate. The related Kyoto Protocol was signed by the United States but has since been rejected by the President, who instead has asked for an 18% decrease in carbon intensity on a voluntary basis. Future initiatives on this issue and the ultimate effects of the Kyoto Protocol and the President's initiatives on us are unknown at this time. As a result of our diverse fuel portfolio, our contribution to greenhouse gases varies by plant type. Fossil fuel-fired power plants are significant sources of carbon dioxide emissions, a principal greenhouse gas. Our compliance costs with any mandated federal greenhouse gas reductions in the future could be material.
14
Our facilities are subject to a variety of federal and state regulations governing existing and potential water/wastewater and stormwater discharges.
In April 2002, the EPA proposed rules under the Clean Water Act that require that cooling water intake structures reflect the best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impacts. These rules pertain to existing utilities and non-utility power producers that currently employ a cooling water intake structure and whose flow exceeds 50 million gallons per day. We expect a final action on the proposed rules by February 2004. The proposed rule may require the installation of additional intake screens or other protective measures, as well as extensive site specific study and monitoring requirements. There is also the possibility that the proposed rules may lead to the installation of cooling towers on four of our fossil and both of our nuclear facilities. Our compliance costs associated with the final rules could be material.
Under current provisions of the Clean Water Act, existing permits must be renewed at least every five years, at which time permit limits come under extensive review and can be modified to account for more stringent regulations. In addition, the permits can be modified at any time. Changes to the environmental permits of our coal or other fuel suppliers due to federal or state initiatives may increase the cost of fuel, which in turn could have a significant impact on our operations.
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (Superfund statute)
This law, or CERCLA, among other things, imposes cleanup requirements for threatened or actual releases of hazardous substances that may endanger public health or welfare of the environment. Under CERCLA, joint and several liability may be imposed on waste generators, site owners and operators and others regardless of fault or the legality of the original disposal activity. Many states have implemented laws similar to CERCLA. Although all waste substances generated by our facilities are generally not regarded as hazardous substances, some products used in the operations and the disposal of such products are governed by CERCLA and similar state statutes.
Metal Bank
In the early 1970s, BGE shipped an unknown number of scrapped transformers to Metal Bank of America, a metal reclaimer in Philadelphia. Metal Bank's scrap and storage yard has been found to be contaminated with oil containing high levels of PCBs (hazardous chemicals frequently used as a fire resistant coolant in electrical equipment). On December 7, 1987, the EPA notified BGE and nine other utilities that they are considered potentially responsible parties (PRPs) with respect to the cleanup of the site. BGE, along with the other PRPs, submitted a remedial investigation and feasibility study to the EPA on October 14, 1994, and the EPA issued its Record of Decision on December 31, 1997. On June 26, 1998, the EPA ordered BGE, the other utility PRPs, and the owner/operator to implement the requirements of the Record of Decision. The utility PRPs have submitted the remedial design to EPA. Based on the Record of Decision, BGE's share of the reasonably possible cleanup costs, estimated to be approximately 15.47%, could be as much as $1.3 million higher than amounts we believe are probable and have recorded as a liability in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. There has been no significant activity with respect to this site since the EPA's Record of Decision in 1997.
Kane and Lombard Streets
Suit was originally filed by the EPA under CERCLA in October 1989 against BGE and several other defendants in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, seeking to recover past and future clean up costs at the Kane and Lombard Street site located in Baltimore City, Maryland. The State of Maryland filed a similar complaint in the same case and court in February 1990. The complaints alleged that BGE arranged for coal fly ash to be deposited on the site. The Court dismissed these complaints in November 1995. Maryland began additional investigation on the remainder of the site for the EPA, but never completed the investigation. BGE, along with three other defendants, agreed to complete a remedial investigation and feasibility study of groundwater contamination around the site in a July 1993 consent order. The remedial investigation report and a draft feasibility study were submitted to the EPA in February 2002. In December 2002, the EPA released its proposed remedy for the site and estimated the total cost for the site to be $6.2 million. Until the EPA finalizes the plan, we cannot estimate BGE's share of the total site cleanup costs, but it is not expected to be material.
68th Street Dump
In July 1999, the EPA notified BGE, along with 19 other entities, that it may be a potentially responsible party at the 68th Street Dump/Industrial Enterprises Site, also known as the Robb Tyler Dump, located in Baltimore, Maryland. The EPA indicated that it is proceeding with plans to conduct a remedial investigation and feasibility study. This site was proposed for listing as a federal Superfund site in January 1999, but the listing has not been finalized. Although our potential liability cannot be estimated, we do not expect such liability to be material based on BGE records showing that it did not send waste to the site.
15
Spring Gardens
In the past, predecessor gas companies (which were later merged into BGE) manufactured coal gas for residential and industrial use. The Spring Gardens site was once used to manufacture gas from coal and oil. The residue from this manufacturing process was coal tar, previously thought to be harmless but now found to contain a number of chemicals designated by the EPA as hazardous substances.
In late December 1996, BGE signed a consent order with the Maryland Department of the Environment that required it to implement remedial action plans for contamination at and around the Spring Gardens site, located in Baltimore, Maryland. BGE submitted the required remedial action plans, and they have been approved by the Maryland Department of the Environment. Based on these plans, the costs BGE considers to be probable to remedy the contamination are estimated to total $47 million. BGE recorded these costs as a liability in its Consolidated Balance Sheets and deferred these costs, net of accumulated amortization and amounts it recovered from insurance companies, as a regulatory asset. Through December 31, 2002, BGE spent approximately $39 million for remediation at this site.
BGE also is required by accounting rules to disclose additional costs it considers to be less likely than probable, but still "reasonably possible" of being incurred at this site. Because of the results of studies at this site, it is reasonably possible that these additional costs could exceed the $47 million BGE recognized by approximately $14 million.
As a result of CERCLA's no-fault, retroactive liability provisions, we cannot determine whether we will be free from substantial liabilities for other sites in the future.
Constellation Energy and its subsidiaries had, at December 31, 2002, approximately 8,700 employees. The Central Wayne plant has a partially unionized workforce where approximately 30 employees are represented by the International Union of Operating Engineers. The labor contract with this union expires June 30, 2004. At the Nine Mile Point plant, approximately 700 employees are represented by the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local 97. The labor contract with this union expires in July 2006 with wages open to negotiation in June 2003. We believe that our relations with both unions are satisfactory, but there can be no assurances that this will continue to be the case.
We discuss several workforce reduction programs in Item 7. Management's Discussion and AnalysisSignificant Events section.
Constellation Energy's corporate offices occupy approximately 85,000 square feet of leased office space in Baltimore, Maryland. The corporate offices for most of our merchant energy business occupy approximately 100,000 square feet of leased office space in another building in Baltimore, Maryland. We describe our electric generation properties on the next page. We also have leases for other offices and services located in the Baltimore metropolitan region, and for various real property and facilities relating to our generation projects.
We own BGE's principal headquarters building in downtown Baltimore. BGE owns propane air and liquefied natural gas facilities as discussed in Item 1. BusinessGas Business section.
BGE also has rights-of-way to maintain 26-inch natural gas mains across certain Baltimore City-owned property (principally parks) which expire in 2004. These rights-of-way can be renewed during their last year for an additional period of 25 years based on a fair revaluation. Conditions of the grants are satisfactory.
BGE has electric transmission and electric and gas distribution lines located:
All of BGE's property is subject to the lien of BGE's mortgage securing its mortgage bonds. All of the generation facilities transferred to affiliates by BGE on July 1, 2000, along with the stock we own in certain of our subsidiaries, are subject to the lien of BGE's mortgage.
We believe we have satisfactory title to our power project facilities in accordance with standards generally accepted in the energy industry, subject to exceptions, which in our opinion, would not have a material adverse effect on the use or value of the facilities.
We also maintain office space throughout North America to support our competitive supply activities.
16
The following table describes our generating facilities:
Plant |
Location |
Installed Capacity (MW) |
% Owned |
Capacity Owned (MW) |
Primary Fuel |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
(at December 31, 2002) |
|
(at December 31, 2002) |
|
||||||
PJM Platform | |||||||||||
Calvert Cliffs | Calvert Co., MD | 1,685 | 100.0 | 1,685 | Nuclear | ||||||
Brandon Shores | Anne Arundel Co., MD | 1,286 | 100.0 | 1,286 | Coal | ||||||
H. A. Wagner | Anne Arundel Co., MD | 1,020 | 100.0 | 1,020 | Coal/Oil/Gas | ||||||
C. P. Crane | Baltimore Co., MD | 399 | 100.0 | 399 | Oil/Coal | ||||||
Keystone | Armstrong and Indiana Cos., PA | 1,711 | 21.0 | 359 | (A) | Coal | |||||
Conemaugh | Indiana Co., PA | 1,711 | 10.6 | 181 | (A) | Coal | |||||
Perryman | Harford Co., MD | 360 | 100.0 | 360 | Oil/Gas | ||||||
Riverside | Baltimore Co., MD | 251 | 100.0 | 251 | Oil/Gas | ||||||
Handsome Lake | Rockland Twp, PA | 250 | 100.0 | 250 | Gas | ||||||
Notch Cliff | Baltimore Co., MD | 128 | 100.0 | 128 | Gas | ||||||
Westport | Baltimore City, MD | 121 | 100.0 | 121 | Gas | ||||||
Gould Street | Baltimore City, MD | 104 | 100.0 | 104 | Oil/Gas | ||||||
Philadelphia Road | Baltimore City, MD | 64 | 100.0 | 64 | Oil | ||||||
Safe Harbor | Safe Harbor, PA | 416 | 66.7 | 277 | Hydro | ||||||
Total PJM Platform | 9,506 | 6,485 | |||||||||
Plants with Power Purchase Agreements |
|||||||||||
Nine Mile Point Unit 1 | Scriba, NY | 609 | 100.0 | 609 | Nuclear | ||||||
Nine Mile Point Unit 2 | Scriba, NY | 1,148 | 82.0 | 941 | Nuclear | ||||||
Oleander | Brevard Co., FL | 680 | 100.0 | 680 | Oil/Gas | ||||||
University Park | Chicago, IL | 300 | 100.0 | 300 | Gas | ||||||
Total Plants with Power Purchase Agreements | 2,737 | 2,530 | |||||||||
Competitive Supply |
|||||||||||
Rio Nogales | Seguin, TX | 800 | 100.0 | 800 | Gas | ||||||
Other |
|||||||||||
Holland Energy | Shelby Co., IL | 665 | 100.0 | 665 | Gas | ||||||
Big Sandy | Neal, WV | 300 | 100.0 | 300 | Gas | ||||||
Wolf Hills | Bristol, VA | 250 | 100.0 | 250 | Gas | ||||||
Panther Creek | Nesquehoning, PA | 83 | 50.0 | 42 | Waste Coal | ||||||
Colver | Colver Township, PA | 110 | 25.0 | 28 | Waste Coal | ||||||
Sunnyside | Sunnyside, UT | 53 | 50.0 | 26 | Waste Coal | ||||||
ACE | Trona, CA | 102 | 30.3 | 31 | Coal | ||||||
Jasmin | Kern Co., CA | 33 | 50.0 | 17 | Coal | ||||||
POSO | Kern Co., CA | 33 | 50.0 | 17 | Coal | ||||||
Puna I | Hilo, HI | 30 | 50.0 | 15 | Geothermal | ||||||
Mammoth Lakes G-1 | Mammoth Lakes, CA | 8 | 50.0 | 4 | Geothermal | ||||||
Mammoth Lakes G-2 | Mammoth Lakes, CA | 12 | 50.0 | 6 | Geothermal | ||||||
Mammoth Lakes G-3 | Mammoth Lakes, CA | 12 | 50.0 | 6 | Geothermal | ||||||
Soda Lake I | Fallon, NV | 3 | 50.0 | 2 | Geothermal | ||||||
Soda Lake II | Fallon, NV | 13 | 50.0 | 7 | Geothermal | ||||||
Stillwater | Fallon, NV | 13 | 50.0 | 6 | Geothermal | ||||||
Rocklin | Placer Co., CA | 24 | 50.0 | 12 | Biomass | ||||||
Fresno | Fresno, CA | 24 | 50.0 | 12 | Biomass | ||||||
Chinese Station | Sonora, CA | 22 | 45.0 | 10 | Biomass | ||||||
Malacha | Muck Valley, CA | 32 | 50.0 | 16 | Hydro | ||||||
Central Wayne | Dearborn, MI | 22 | 50.0 | 11 | Municipal Solid Waste | ||||||
SEGS IV | Kramer Junction, CA | 30 | 12.0 | 4 | Solar | ||||||
SEGS V | Kramer Junction, CA | 30 | 4.0 | 1 | Solar | ||||||
SEGS VI | Kramer Junction, CA | 30 | 9.0 | 3 | Solar | ||||||
Total Other | 1,934 | 1,491 | |||||||||
Total Generating Facilities | 14,977 | 11,306 | |||||||||
17
The following table describes our processing facilities:
Plant |
Location |
Installed Capacity (MW) |
% Owned |
Capacity Owned (MW) |
Primary Fuel |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
(at December 31, 2002) |
|
(at December 31, 2002) |
|
|||||
A/C Fuels | Hazelton, PA | | 50.0 | | Coal Processing | |||||
Gary PCI | Gary, IN | | 24.5 | | Coal Processing | |||||
PC Synfuel VA I | Appalachia, VA | | 16.7 | | Synfuel Processing | |||||
PC Synfuel WV I | Charleston, WV | | 16.7 | | Synfuel Processing | |||||
PC Synfuel WV II | Wheelersburg, OH | | 16.7 | | Synfuel Processing | |||||
PC Synfuel WV III | Mayberry, WV | | 16.7 | | Synfuel Processing |
We discuss our legal proceedings in Item 7. Management's Discussion and AnalysisBusiness Environment section and in Note 11 to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to Vote of Security Holders
Not applicable.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
Name |
Age |
Present Office |
Other Offices or Positions Held During Past Five Years |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mayo A. Shattuck III | 48 | Chairman of the Board of Constellation Energy (since July 2002), President and Chief Executive Officer of Constellation Energy (since November 2001); and Chairman of the Board of BGE (since July 2002) | Co-Chairman and Co-Chief Executive OfficerDB Alex Brown, LLC and Deutsche Banc Securities, Inc., Vice ChairmanBankers Trust Corporation. | |||
E. Follin Smith |
43 |
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Constellation Energy (since June 2001) and Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Baltimore Gas and Electric Company (since January 2002) |
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial OfficerArmstrong Holdings, Inc.; Vice President and TreasurerArmstrong Holdings, Inc. (filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 11 on December 6, 2000); and Chief Financial OfficerGeneral MotorsDelphi Chassis Systems. |
|||
Thomas V. Brooks |
40 |
President of Constellation Power Source, Inc. (since October 2001) |
Vice President of Business Development and StrategyConstellation Energy; and Vice PresidentGoldman Sachs. |
|||
Frank O. Heintz |
59 |
President and Chief Executive Officer of Baltimore Gas and Electric Company (since July 2000) |
Executive Vice President, Utility OperationsBGE; and Vice President, GasBGE. |
|||
Michael J. Wallace |
55 |
President of Constellation Generation Group, LLC (since January 2002) |
Managing Director and MemberBarrington Energy Partners; and Senior Vice PresidentCommonwealth Edison. |
|||
Thomas F. Brady |
53 |
Senior Vice President, Corporate Strategy and Development of Constellation Energy (since May 2002) |
Vice President, Corporate Strategy and DevelopmentConstellation Energy; Vice President, Retail ServicesBGE; and Vice President, Customer Service and DistributionBGE. |
|||
18
Paul J. Allen |
51 |
Vice President, Corporate Affairs of Constellation Energy (since May 2001) |
Senior Vice President and Group HeadOgilvy Public Relations. |
|||
Kathleen A. Chagnon |
43 |
Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary of Constellation Energy (since August 2002) |
Vice President, Corporate Group General CounselThe St. Paul Companies, Inc.; and Assistant Vice President and Associate Group CounselUSF&G Corporation. |
|||
John R. Collins |
45 |
Vice President and Chief Risk Officer of Constellation Energy (since December 2001) |
Managing DirectorFinanceConstellation Power Source Holdings, Inc.; and Senior Financial OfficerConstellation Power Source, Inc. |
|||
Mark P. Huston |
39 |
Vice President, Corporate Strategy and Development of Constellation Energy (since May 2002) |
Manager, Corporate Strategy & DevelopmentConstellation Energy; Project Manager, Restructuring ProjectBGE; and Director, Gas Business DevelopmentBGE. |
|||
Marc C. Ugol |
44 |
Vice President, Human Resources of Constellation Energy (since October 2002) |
Senior Vice President, Human Resources and AdministrationTellabs, Inc.; and Senior Vice President, Human ResourcesPlatinum Technology International. |
Officers are elected by, and hold office at the will of, the Board of Directors and do not serve a "term of office" as such. There is no arrangement or understanding between any director or officer and any other person pursuant to which the director or officer was selected.
19
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Shareholder Matters
Constellation Energy's common stock is traded under the ticker symbol CEG. It is listed on the New York, Chicago, and Pacific stock exchanges. It has unlisted trading privileges on the Boston, Cincinnati, and Philadelphia exchanges.
As of February 28, 2003, there were 50,914 common shareholders of record.
Constellation Energy pays dividends on its common stock after its Board of Directors declares them. There are no contractual limitations on Constellation Energy paying common stock dividends.
Dividends have been paid continuously since 1910 on the common stock of Constellation Energy, BGE, and their predecessors. Future dividends depend upon future earnings, our financial condition, and other factors.
In January 2003, we announced an increase in our quarterly dividend from 24 cents to 26 cents per share on our common stock payable April 1, 2003 to holders of record on March 10, 2003. This is equivalent to an annual rate of $1.04 per share.
Quarterly dividends were declared on our common stock during 2002 and 2001 in the amounts set forth below.
BGE pays dividends on its common stock after its Board of Directors declares them. There are no contractual limitations on BGE paying common stock dividends unless:
Common Stock Dividends and Price Ranges
|
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Price* |
|
Price* |
||||||||||||||
|
Dividend Declared |
Dividend Declared |
||||||||||||||||
|
High |
Low |
High |
Low |
||||||||||||||
First Quarter | $ | .24 | $ | 31.18 | $ | 26.16 | $ | .12 | $ | 44.65 | $ | 34.69 | ||||||
Second Quarter | .24 | 32.38 | 27.65 | .12 | 50.14 | 40.10 | ||||||||||||
Third Quarter | .24 | 29.85 | 21.51 | .12 | 43.80 | 22.85 | ||||||||||||
Fourth Quarter | .24 | 29.02 | 19.30 | .12 | 28.21 | 20.90 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | .96 | $ | .48 | ||||||||||||||
* Based on New York Stock Exchange Composite Transactions.
20
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
Constellation Energy Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(Dollar amounts in millions, except per share amounts) |
||||||||||||||||
Summary of Operations | |||||||||||||||||
Total Revenues | $ | 4,703.0 | $ | 3,878.8 | $ | 3,774.4 | $ | 3,830.9 | $ | 3,382.5 | |||||||
Total Expenses | 3,878.1 | 3,527.2 | 3,009.9 | 3,081.0 | 2,647.9 | ||||||||||||
Net Gain on Sales of Investments and Other Assets | 261.3 | 6.2 | 78.1 | 10.0 | 3.9 | ||||||||||||
Income From Operations | 1,086.2 | 357.8 | 842.6 | 759.9 | 738.5 | ||||||||||||
Other Income | 30.5 | 1.3 | 4.2 | 7.9 | 5.7 | ||||||||||||
Fixed Charges | 281.5 | 238.8 | 271.4 | 255.0 | 260.6 | ||||||||||||
Income Before Income Taxes | 835.2 | 120.3 | 575.4 | 512.8 | 483.6 | ||||||||||||
Income Taxes | 309.6 | 37.9 | 230.1 | 186.4 | 177.7 | ||||||||||||
Income Before Extraordinary Item and Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle | 525.6 | 82.4 | 345.3 | 326.4 | 305.9 | ||||||||||||
Extraordinary Loss, Net of Income Taxes | | | | (66.3 | ) | | |||||||||||
Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle, Net of Income Taxes | | 8.5 | | | | ||||||||||||
Net Income | $ | 525.6 | $ | 90.9 | $ | 345.3 | $ | 260.1 | $ | 305.9 | |||||||
Earnings Per Common Share and |
|||||||||||||||||
Earnings Per Common ShareAssuming Dilution Before Extraordinary Item and Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle | $ | 3.20 | $ | .52 | $ | 2.30 | $ | 2.18 | $ | 2.06 | |||||||
Extraordinary Loss | | | | (.44 | ) | | |||||||||||
Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle | | .05 | | | | ||||||||||||
Earnings Per Common Share and | |||||||||||||||||
Earnings Per Common ShareAssuming Dilution | $ | 3.20 | $ | .57 | $ | 2.30 | $ | 1.74 | $ | 2.06 | |||||||
Dividends Declared Per Common Share | $ | .96 | $ | .48 | $ | 1.68 | $ | 1.68 | $ | 1.67 | |||||||
Summary of Financial Condition |
|||||||||||||||||
Total Assets | $ | 14,128.9 | $ | 14,109.4 | $ | 12,939.3 | $ | 9,745.1 | $ | 9,434.1 | |||||||
Short-Term Borrowings | $ | 10.5 | $ | 975.0 | $ | 243.6 | $ | 371.5 | $ | | |||||||
Current Portion of Long-Term Debt | $ | 426.2 | $ | 1,406.7 | $ | 906.6 | $ | 808.3 | $ | 541.7 | |||||||
Capitalization | |||||||||||||||||
Long-Term Debt | $ | 4,613.9 | $ | 2,712.5 | $ | 3,159.3 | $ | 2,575.4 | $ | 3,128.1 | |||||||
Minority Interests | 105.3 | 101.7 | 97.7 | 95.2 | 2.0 | ||||||||||||
Preference Stock Not Subject to Mandatory Redemption | 190.0 | 190.0 | 190.0 | 190.0 | 190.0 | ||||||||||||
Common Shareholders' Equity | 3,862.3 | 3,843.6 | 3,174.0 | 3,017.5 | 2,995.9 | ||||||||||||
Total Capitalization | $ | 8,771.5 | $ | 6,847.8 | $ | 6,621.0 | $ | 5,878.1 | $ | 6,316.0 | |||||||
Financial Statistics at Year End |
|||||||||||||||||
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges | 3.33 | 1.18 | 2.78 | 2.87 | 2.60 | ||||||||||||
Book Value Per Share of Common Stock | $ | 23.44 | $ | 23.48 | $ | 21.09 | $ | 20.17 | $ | 20.08 |
Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year's presentation.
We discuss items that affect comparability between years, including acquisitions, accounting changes, and special items, in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis.
21
Baltimore Gas and Electric Company and Subsidiaries
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000(A) |
1999 |
1998 |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(Dollar amounts in millions) |
||||||||||||||||
Summary of Operations |
|||||||||||||||||
Total Revenues | $ | 2,547.3 | $ | 2,720.7 | $ | 2,746.8 | $ | 3,092.2 | $ | 3,386.4 | |||||||
Total Expenses | 2,181.0 | 2,408.9 | 2,334.4 | 2,387.9 | 2,647.9 | ||||||||||||
Income From Operations | 366.3 | 311.8 | 412.4 | 704.3 | 738.5 | ||||||||||||
Other Income | 10.7 | 0.4 | 7.5 | 8.4 | 5.7 | ||||||||||||
Fixed Charges | 140.6 | 154.6 | 184.0 | 205.9 | 238.8 | ||||||||||||
Income Before Income Taxes | 236.4 | 157.6 | 235.9 | 506.8 | 505.4 | ||||||||||||
Income Taxes | 93.3 | 60.3 | 92.4 | 178.4 | 177.7 | ||||||||||||
Income Before Extraordinary Item | 143.1 | 97.3 | 143.5 | 328.4 | 327.7 | ||||||||||||
Extraordinary Loss, Net of Income Taxes | | | | (66.3 | ) | | |||||||||||
Net Income | 143.1 | 97.3 | 143.5 | 262.1 | 327.7 | ||||||||||||
Preference Stock Dividends | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.5 | 21.8 | ||||||||||||
Earnings Applicable to Common Stock | $ | 129.9 | $ | 84.1 | $ | 130.3 | $ | 248.6 | $ | 305.9 | |||||||
Summary of Financial Condition |
|||||||||||||||||
Total Assets | $ | 4,779.9 | $ | 4,954.5 | $ | 4,654.2 | $ | 7,272.6 | $ | 9,434.1 | |||||||
Short-Term Borrowings | $ | | $ | | $ | 32.1 | $ | 129.0 | $ | | |||||||
Current Portion of Long-Term Debt | $ | 420.7 | $ | 666.3 | $ | 567.6 | $ | 523.9 | $ | 541.7 | |||||||
Capitalization | |||||||||||||||||
Long-Term Debt | $ | 1,499.1 | $ | 1,821.7 | $ | 1,864.4 | $ | 2,206.0 | $ | 3,128.1 | |||||||
Minority Interest | 19.4 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 1.1 | ||||||||||||
Preference Stock Not Subject to Mandatory Redemption | 190.0 | 190.0 | 190.0 | 190.0 | 190.0 | ||||||||||||
Common Shareholder's Equity | 1,461.7 | 1,131.4 | 802.3 | 2,355.4 | 2,981.5 | ||||||||||||
Total Capitalization | $ | 3,170.2 | $ | 3,148.1 | $ | 2,861.3 | $ | 4,755.6 | $ | 6,300.7 | |||||||
Financial Statistics at Year End |
|||||||||||||||||
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges |
2.66 |
1.99 |
2.27 |
3.45 |
2.94 |
||||||||||||
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Preferred and Preference Stock Dividends |
2.31 |
1.75 |
2.03 |
3.14 |
2.60 |
Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year's presentation.
22
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Constellation Energy Group, Inc. (Constellation Energy) is a North American energy company that conducts its business through various subsidiaries including a merchant energy business and Baltimore Gas and Electric Company (BGE). We describe our operating segments in Note 3.
This report is a combined report of Constellation Energy and BGE. References in this report to "we" and "our" are to Constellation Energy and its subsidiaries, collectively. References in this report to the "utility business" are to BGE.
Our merchant energy business is a competitive provider of energy solutions for large customers in North America. It has electric generation assets located in various regions of the United States and provides energy solutions to meet customers' needs. Our merchant energy business focuses on serving the full energy and capacity requirements (load-serving activities) of, and providing other risk management activities for various customers, such as utilities, municipalities, cooperatives, retail aggregators, and large commercial and industrial customers. These load- serving activities typically occur in regional markets in which end use customer electricity rates have been deregulated and thereby separated from the cost of generation supply.
BGE is a regulated electric and gas public transmission and distribution utility company with a service territory that covers the City of Baltimore and all or part of ten counties in central Maryland.
Our other nonregulated businesses:
In addition, we own several investments that we do not consider to be core operations. These include financial investments, real estate projects, and interests in a Latin American distribution project and in a fund that holds interests in two South American energy projects. We sold certain non-core assets in 2002 and closed our retail merchandise stores in December 2002.
In this discussion and analysis, we explain the general financial condition and the results of operations for Constellation Energy and BGE including:
As you read this discussion and analysis, refer to our Consolidated Statements of Income, which present the results of our operations for 2002, 2001, and 2000. We analyze and explain the differences between periods in the specific line items of the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Effective July 1, 2000, electric generation was deregulated in Maryland and BGE transferred all of its generation assets and related liabilities at book value to our merchant energy business. As a result, the financial results of the electric generation portion of our business are included in the merchant energy business beginning July 1, 2000. Prior to July 1, 2000, the financial results of electric generation were included in BGE's regulated electric business. We discuss the deregulation of electric generation in the Electric CompetitionMaryland section.
Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements that were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Management makes estimates and assumptions when preparing financial statements. These estimates and assumptions affect various matters, including:
These estimates involve judgments with respect to numerous factors that are difficult to predict and are beyond management's control. As a result, actual amounts could materially differ from these estimates.
Management believes the following accounting policies represent critical accounting policies as defined by the SEC. The SEC defines critical accounting policies as those that are both most important to the portrayal of a company's financial condition and results and require management's most difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. We discuss our significant accounting policies, including those that do not require management to make difficult, subjective, or complex judgments or estimates, in Note 1.
Revenue Recognition/Mark-to-Market Method of Accounting
Our merchant energy business engages in origination and risk management activities using contracts for energy, other energy-related commodities, and related derivative contracts. We record merchant energy business revenues using two methods of accounting: accrual accounting and mark-to-market accounting. We describe our use of accrual accounting in more detail in Note 1.
23
On October 25, 2002, the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) reached a consensus on Issue 02-3, Recognition and Reporting of Gains and Losses on Energy Trading Contracts Under EITF Issues No. 98-10 and No. 00-17. EITF 02-3 affects how we apply the mark-to-market method of accounting. We describe our accounting for energy contracts and the impact of EITF 02-3 below.
We use mark-to-market accounting for energy trading activities and for derivatives and other contracts for which we are not permitted to use accrual accounting or hedge accounting. These mark-to-market activities include derivative and (prior to EITF 02-3) non-derivative contracts for energy and other energy-related commodities. Under the mark-to-market method of accounting, we record the fair value of energy contracts as mark-to-market energy assets and liabilities at the time of contract execution. We record the changes in mark-to-market energy assets and liabilities on a net basis in "Nonregulated revenues" in our Consolidated Statements of Income.
At December 31, 2002, mark-to-market energy assets and liabilities consisted of a combination of energy and energy-related derivative and non-derivative contracts. While some of these contracts represent commodities or instruments for which prices are available from external sources, other commodities and certain contracts are not actively traded and are valued using modeling techniques to determine expected future market prices, contract quantities, or both. The market prices and quantities used to determine fair value reflect management's best estimate considering various factors. However, future market prices and actual quantities will vary from those used in recording mark-to-market energy assets and liabilities, and it is possible that such variations could be material.
We record reserves to reflect uncertainties associated with certain estimates inherent in the determination of fair value that are not incorporated in market price information or other market-based estimates used to determine fair value of our mark-to-market energy contracts. To the extent possible, we utilize market-based data together with quantitative methods for both measuring the risks for which we record reserves and determining the level of such reserves and changes in those levels.
We describe below the main types of reserves we record and the process for establishing each. Generally, increases in reserves reduce our earnings, and decreases in reserves increase our earnings. However, all or a portion of the effect on earnings of changes in reserves may be offset by changes in the value of the underlying positions.
Market prices for energy and energy-related commodities vary based upon a number of factors. Changes in market prices will affect both the recorded fair value of our mark-to-market energy contracts and the level of future revenues and costs associated with accrual-basis activities. Changes in the value of our mark-to-market energy contracts will affect our earnings in the period of the change, while changes in forward market prices related to accrual-basis revenues and costs will affect our earnings in future periods. We cannot predict whether or to what extent the factors affecting market prices may change, but those changes could be material and could affect us either favorably or unfavorably. We discuss our market risk in more detail in the Market Risk section.
On October 25, 2002, the EITF reached a consensus on Issue 02-3 that changed the accounting for certain energy contracts. The main provisions of Issue 02-3 are as follows:
24
Applying EITF 02-3 will not affect our cash flows or our accounting for new load-serving contracts for which we have been using accrual accounting since early 2002. Additionally, we continued to mark existing non-derivative energy-related contracts to market for the remainder of 2002. However, EITF 02-3 requires us to record a non-cash, cumulative effect adjustment to convert these non-derivative mark-to-market contracts to accrual accounting no later than January 1, 2003.
We reviewed our portfolio of mark-to-market contracts to identify the contracts that are subject to the requirements of EITF 02-3. The primary contracts that are affected are our full requirements load-serving contracts and unit-contingent power purchase contracts, which are not derivatives. The majority of these contracts are in Texas and New England and were entered into prior to the shift to accrual accounting earlier in 2002. Additionally, we reviewed derivatives we use as supply sources and hedges of contracts that are subject to EITF 02-3. To the extent permitted by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended, we designated derivative contracts used to fulfill our load-serving contracts as either normal purchases or cash flow hedges under SFAS No. 133 effective January 1, 2003.
We summarize the impact on our Consolidated Balance Sheets of applying EITF 02-3 on January 1, 2003 as follows:
|
Assets |
Liabilities |
Net |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
||||||||||
Mark-to-market energy contracts | |||||||||||
Current | $ | 144.0 | $ | 94.1 | $ | 49.9 | |||||
Noncurrent | 1,348.2 | 881.5 | 466.7 | ||||||||
Total | 1,492.2 | 975.6 | 516.6 | ||||||||
Other | |||||||||||
Current | 85.7 | 56.8 | 28.9 | ||||||||
Noncurrent | 24.2 | 2.5 | 21.7 | ||||||||
Total | 109.9 | 59.3 | 50.6 | ||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2002 | 1,602.1 | 1,034.9 | 567.2 | ||||||||
Impact of EITF 02-3 Adoption |
|||||||||||
Non-derivative net asset reversed as cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle | |||||||||||
Mark-to-market energy contracts | (494.7 | ) | (119.8 | ) | (374.9 | ) | |||||
Other | (109.9 | ) | (59.3 | ) | (50.6 | ) | |||||
Total non-derivative net asset reversed as cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle | (604.6 | ) | (179.1 | ) | (425.5 | ) | |||||
Derivatives designated as hedges | (88.3 | ) | (94.4 | ) | 6.1 | ||||||
Derivatives designated as normal purchases and sales | (192.6 | ) | (128.3 | ) | (64.3 | ) | |||||
Mark-to-market derivatives remaining after adoption of EITF 02-3 on January 1, 2003 | $ | 716.6 | $ | 633.1 | $ | 83.5 | |||||
On January 1, 2003, we recorded the $425.5 million non-derivative net asset removed from our Consolidated Balance Sheets as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, which will reduce our 2003 net income by $263 million. The $425.5 million represents $374.9 million of non-derivative contracts recorded as "Mark-to-market energy assets and liabilities" and $50.6 million of "Other assets and liabilities" from the re-designation of Texas contracts to accrual accounting earlier in 2002. The fair value of these contracts will be recognized in earnings as power is delivered.
Additionally, on January 1, 2003, we reclassified the fair value of derivatives designated as hedges as "Risk management assets and liabilities" in the balance sheet and will account for these hedges in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 133. At that time, we also reclassified the fair value of derivatives designated as normal purchases and normal sales as "Other assets and liabilities" in the balance sheet and will account for these contracts on the accrual basis, with the fair value amortized into earnings over the lives of the underlying contracts.
We cannot predict the impact of applying the provisions of EITF 02-3 in the future. Those provisions prohibit mark-to-market accounting for gains at the inception of new non-derivative energy contracts, require accrual accounting for those contracts, and limit the ability to record gains at the inception of new derivative contracts. We believe that our shift to accrual accounting for new physical delivery transactions in early 2002 is consistent with the requirement of EITF 02-3 to use accrual accounting for non-derivative contracts.
However, the impact of applying EITF 02-3 in the future will be affected by many factors, including:
While we cannot predict the ongoing impact of applying EITF 02-3, the timing of recognizing earnings on new transactions will change. In general, earnings on new transactions will no longer be recognized at the inception of the transactions under mark-to-market accounting because they will be recognized over the term of the transaction. As a result, while total earnings over the term of a transaction will be unchanged, we expect that our reported earnings for contracts subject to EITF 02-3 will generally match the cash flows from those contracts more closely and may be less volatile under accrual accounting than under mark-to-market accounting, which reflects changes in fair value of contracts when they occur rather than when products are delivered and costs are incurred.
25
Alternatively, other comprehensive income may have greater fluctuations after we apply EITF 02-3 because of a larger number of derivative contracts that we designated for hedge accounting under SFAS No. 133, but these fluctuations will not affect earnings or cash flows. Additionally, because we will record revenues and costs on a gross basis under accrual accounting, our revenues and costs could increase, but our earnings will not be affected by gross versus net reporting.
We discuss the impact of mark-to-market accounting on our financial results in the Results of OperationsMerchant Energy Business section.
Evaluation of Assets for Impairment and Other Than Temporary Decline in Value
We are required to evaluate certain assets that have long lives (for example, generating property and equipment and real estate) to determine if they are impaired when certain conditions exist. SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, provides the accounting for impairments of long-lived assets. We are required to test our long-lived assets for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Examples of such events or changes would be as follows:
a significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset,
a significant adverse change in the manner an asset is being used or its physical condition,
an adverse action by a regulator or in the business climate,
an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the construction or acquisition of an asset,
a current-period loss combined with a history of losses or the projection of future losses, or
a change in our intent about an asset from an intent to hold to a greater than 50% likelihood that an asset will be sold or disposed of before the end of its previously estimated useful life.
For long-lived assets that are expected to be held and used, SFAS No. 144 requires that an impairment loss shall only be recognized if the carrying amount of an asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount of an asset is not recoverable under SFAS No. 144 if the carrying amount exceeds the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Therefore, when we believe an impairment condition may have occurred, we are required to estimate the undiscounted future cash flows associated with a long-lived asset or group of long-lived assets. This necessarily involves judgement surrounding the inherent uncertainty of future cash flows.
In order to estimate an asset's future cash flows, we will consider historical cash flows, as well as reflect our understanding of the extent to which future cash flows will be either similar to or different from past experience based on all available evidence. To the extent applicable, the assumptions we use are consistent with forecasts that we are otherwise required to make (for example, in preparing our other earnings forecasts). If we are considering alternative courses of action to recover the carrying amount of a long-lived asset (such as the potential sale of an asset), we probability-weight the alternative courses of action to establish the cash flows.
We use our best estimates in making these evaluations and consider various factors, including forward price curves for energy, fuel costs, legislative initiatives, and operating costs. However, actual future market prices and project costs could vary from the assumptions used in our estimates, and the impact of such variations could be material.
For long-lived assets that can be classified as assets to be disposed of by sale under SFAS No. 144, an impairment loss shall be recognized to the extent their carrying amount exceeds their fair value, including costs to sell.
The estimation of fair value under SFAS No. 144, whether in conjunction with an asset to be held and used or with an asset to be disposed of by sale, also involves estimation and judgment. We consider quoted market prices in active markets to the extent they are available. In the absence of such information, we may look to prices of similar assets, consult with brokers, or employ other valuation techniques. Often, we will discount the estimated future cash flows associated with the asset using a single interest rate that is commensurate with the risk involved with such an investment or employ an expected present value method that probability-weights a range of possible outcomes. The use of these methods involves the same inherent uncertainty of future cash flows as discussed above with respect to undiscounted cash flows and actual future market prices and project costs could vary from those used in our estimates, and the impact of such variations could be material.
We also are required to evaluate our equity-method and cost-method investments (for example, in partnerships that own power projects) to determine whether or not they are impaired. Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) No. 18, The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock, provides the accounting for these investments. The standard for determining whether an impairment must be recorded under APB No. 18 is whether the investment has experienced a loss in value that is considered an "other than a temporary" decline in value.
The evaluation and measurement of impairments under the APB No. 18 standard involves the same uncertainties as described above for long-lived assets that we own directly and account for in accordance with SFAS No. 144. Similarly, the estimates that we make with respect to our equity and cost-method investments are subject to variation, and the impact of such variations could be material. Additionally, if the projects in which we hold these investments recognize an impairment under the provisions of SFAS No. 144, we would record our proportionate share of that impairment loss and would evaluate our investment for an other than temporary decline in value under APB No. 18.
26
In 2002, we recorded the following special items in earnings:
|
Pre-Tax |
After-Tax |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
|||||||
Workforce reduction costs: | ||||||||
Costs associated with 2001 programs | $ | (50.8 | ) | $ | (30.8 | ) | ||
Costs associated with programs initiated in 2002 | (12.0 | ) | (7.2 | ) | ||||
Total workforce reduction costs | (62.8 | ) | (38.0 | ) | ||||
Impairment losses and other costs: | ||||||||
Impairments of investments in qualifying facilities and power projects | (14.4 | ) | (9.9 | ) | ||||
Costs associated with exit of BGE Home merchandise stores | (9.0 | ) | (6.1 | ) | ||||
Impairments of real estate and international investments | (1.8 | ) | (1.2 | ) | ||||
Total impairment losses and other costs | (25.2 | ) | (17.2 | ) | ||||
Net gain on sales of investments and other assets | 261.3 | 166.7 | ||||||
Total special items | $ | 173.3 | $ | 111.5 | ||||
We also discuss these special items in Note 2.
Workforce Reduction Costs
During 2002, we incurred costs related to workforce reduction efforts initiated in the fourth quarter of 2001 as discussed in the 2001 section and additional initiatives undertaken in 2002. We discuss these costs in more detail below.
Costs Associated with 2001 Programs
In 2002, we recorded $63.7 million of net workforce reduction costs associated with our 2001 workforce initiatives as discussed below. The $63.7 million included $50.8 million recognized as expense,
of which BGE recognized $33.8 million. The remaining $12.9 million was recognized by BGE as a regulatory asset related to its gas business.
Costs Associated with 2002 Programs
In 2002, we recorded $12.0 million of expenses for anticipated involuntary severance costs in accordance with EITF 94-3, Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination
Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring) associated with new workforce reduction initiatives as follows:
Ongoing Impacts
As a result of our workforce reduction programs and other process improvements, we expect to realize cost savings from productivity initiatives of approximately $65 million in 2003.
Impairment Losses and Other Costs
Investments in Qualifying Facilities and Power Projects
Our merchant energy business recorded impairment losses on certain of the investments in qualifying facilities and power projects totaling $14.4 million under the provisions of APB No. 18. The
provisions of APB No. 18 require that an impairment loss be recognized when an investment experiences a loss in value that is other than temporary as discussed in our Critical
Accounting Policies section.
During the third quarter of 2002, we performed an analysis of whether any of the investments were impaired. As a result of our analysis, we concluded that the declines in value of particular investments in certain qualifying facilities and power projects were other than temporary in nature under the provisions of APB No. 18 and we recognized the following losses in 2002:
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At December 31, 2002, our investment in qualifying facilities and domestic power projects consisted of the following:
Project Type |
Book Value |
||
---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
||
Geothermal | $ | 151.4 | |
Coal | 133.9 | ||
Hydroelectric | 62.6 | ||
Biomass | 52.6 | ||
Fuel Processing | 23.2 | ||
Solar | 10.5 | ||
Total | $ | 434.2 | |
We believe the current market conditions for our equity-method investments that own geothermal, coal, hydroelectric, and fuel processing projects provide sufficient positive cash flows to recover our investments. We continuously monitor issues that potentially could impact future profitability of these investments, including environmental and legislative initiatives. We discuss certain risks and uncertainties in more detail in our Forward Looking Statements section. However, should future events cause these investments to become uneconomic, our investments in these projects could become impaired under the provisions of APB No. 18.
We have an investment in a partnership that owns a geothermal project with a book value of $99.0 million at December 31, 2002. Currently, the project is not generating at its designed capacity. The project is drilling wells at this site to restore the generation and we expect the geothermal resource to be sufficient to enable the project to generate adequate cash flows over the life of this project to recover our equity interest in that investment. However, should current or future well drilling at this site prove to be unsuccessful or become uneconomic causing us not to make future investments in this partnership, our investment in this partnership could become impaired under the provisions of APB No. 18 and any losses recognized could be material.
The ability to recover our costs in our equity-method investments that own biomass and solar projects is partially dependent upon subsidies from the State of California. Under the California Public Utility Act, subsidies currently exist in that the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) requires electric corporations to identify a separate rate component to fund the development of renewable resources technologies, including solar, biomass, and wind facilities. In addition, recently enacted legislation in California requires that each electric corporation increase its total procurement of eligible renewable energy resources by at least one percent per year so that 20% of its retail sales are procured from eligible renewable energy resources by 2017. The legislation also requires the California Energy Commission to award supplemental energy payments to electric corporations to cover above market costs of renewable energy.
Given the need for electric power and the desire for renewable resource technologies, we believe California will continue to subsidize the use of renewable energy to make these projects economical to operate. However, should the California legislation fail to adequately support the renewable energy initiatives, our equity-method investments in these types of projects could become impaired under the provisions of APB No. 18, and any losses recognized could be material.
If our strategy were to change from an intent to hold to an intent to sell for any of our equity-method investments in qualifying facilities or power projects, we would need to adjust their book value to fair value, and that adjustment could be material. If we were to sell these investments in the current market, we may have losses that could be material.
Closing of BGE Home Retail Merchandise Stores
In September 2002, we announced our decision to close our BGE Home retail merchandise stores. In connection with that decision, we recognized approximately $9.5 million in exit costs.
We recognized $2.9 million related to expected severance costs for 93 employees and $2.9 million of costs in connection with the termination of leases for the eight stores and other exit costs in
accordance with EITF 94-3.
We also recognized $3.2 million for the write-off of unamortized leasehold improvements in accordance with SFAS No. 144, and $0.5 million for the write-down of inventory to a lower-of-cost-or-market valuation in accordance with Accounting Research Bulletin No. 43, Restatement and Revision of Accounting Research Bulletins. The $0.5 million is included in "Operating expenses" in our Consolidated Statements of Income.
Real Estate and International Investments
As discussed in the 2001 section, we changed our strategy from an intent to hold to an intent to sell for certain of our non-core assets in 2001. During
2002, we determined that the fair value of several real estate projects and our investment in a South American generation project declined below their respective book values due to deteriorating
market conditions for these projects. Accordingly, we recorded losses that totaled $1.8 million for these projects in accordance with SFAS No. 144 and APB No. 18. In 2002, we sold our
investment in a South American generation project for approximately book value.
Net Gain on Sales of Investments and Other Assets
In February 2002, Reliant Resources, Inc. acquired all of the outstanding shares of Orion Power Holdings, Inc. (Orion) for $26.80 per share, including the shares we owned of Orion. We received cash proceeds of $454.1 million and recognized a gain of $255.5 million on the sale of our investment.
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In the fourth quarter of 2001, we announced our decision to focus efforts and capital on core domestic energy businesses and undertook a plan to sell a number of non-core businesses and investments. In 2002, we made further progress on this initiative, and recognized approximately $5.8 million in net gains from the sale of several non-core assets including:
In addition, we sold all of our Corporate Office Properties Trust (COPT) equity-method investment in 2002, approximately 8.9 million shares, as part of a public offering. We received cash proceeds of $101.3 million on the sale, which approximated the book value of our investment.
Acquisitions
NewEnergy
On September 9, 2002, we completed our purchase of AES NewEnergy, Inc. from AES Corporation. Subsequent to the acquisition, we renamed AES NewEnergy, Inc. as Constellation NewEnergy, Inc. (NewEnergy).
NewEnergy is a leading national provider of electricity, natural gas, and energy services, serving approximately 4,300 megawatts (MW) of load associated with large commercial and industrial customers
in competitive energy markets including the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, Texas and California. We acquired 100% ownership of NewEnergy for cash of $250.3 million including $1.4 million of direct
costs associated with the acquisition. We acquired cash of $45.5 million as part of the purchase. We describe the net assets acquired in Note 14. We
include the results of NewEnergy in our merchant energy business segment beginning on the date of acquisition.
Alliance
On December 31, 2002, we purchased Alliance Energy Services, LLC and Fellon-McCord Associates, Inc. (collectively, Alliance) from Allegheny Energy, Inc. These businesses provide gas supply and
transportation services and energy consulting services to large commercial and industrial businesses primarily in the Midwest region, but also in other competitive energy markets including the
Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Texas and California regions. We acquired 100% ownership of these companies for a note payable of $21.2 million that was settled in cash on January 2, 2003. We acquired cash
of $4.6 million as part of the purchase. We describe the net assets acquired in Note 14. We will include the operating results of Alliance in our
merchant energy business segment in 2003.
Renegotiations of our High Desert Power Contract
We are currently leasing and supervising the construction of the High Desert Power Project. The project is scheduled for completion in mid-2003. In April 2002, we amended our High Desert Power Project long-term power sales agreement with the State of California to provide revised pricing and more flexibility in the amount of electricity purchased from the plant by the California Department of Water Resources (CDWR) and the timing of such purchases. This amended agreement provides the State of California with the flexibility they desired, while preserving our overall economics and reducing our regulatory, fuel, and legal risks.
The contract is a "tolling" structure, under which the CDWR will pay a fixed amount of $12.1 million per month and provides CDWR the right, but not the obligation, to purchase power from the High Desert Power Project at a price linked to the variable cost of production. During the term of the contract, which runs for seven years and nine months from the commercial operation date of the plant, the High Desert Power Project will provide energy exclusively to the CDWR.
We also signed a comprehensive settlement agreement with the CDWR, the California Energy Oversight Board (EOB), the CPUC, the California Attorney General, and the Governor of California by which each of these parties agreed to release claims against us arising out of the original and renegotiated contracts.
Under the settlement agreement, the California parties filed with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to withdraw us from the regulatory complaint filed at the FERC by the CPUC and EOB against all holders of long-term power contracts. We agreed to pay $1.25 million into a school and public buildings energy retrofit fund and another $1.25 million to the Attorney General's office in order to conclude this overall comprehensive settlement package.
We discuss our High Desert project in more detail in the Capital Resources section.
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Generating Facilities Commence Operations
The following generating facilities commenced operations during the second half of 2002. Our origination and risk management operation manages the output of these plants.
Plant |
Location |
Capacity (MW) |
Type |
Primary Fuel |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rio Nogales | Seguin, TX | 800 | Combined Cycle | Natural Gas | ||||
Oleander | Brevard Co., FL | 680 | Combustion Turbine | Natural Gas | ||||
Holland Energy | Shelby Co., IL | 665 | Combined Cycle | Natural Gas |
Pension Plan
At December 31, 2002, we recorded an after-tax charge to equity of $118 million as a result of increasing our additional minimum pension liability. We discuss this in more detail in Note 6.
As a result of declines in the financial markets, our actual return on pension plan assets was a loss of approximately 10% for the year ended December 31, 2002. We assume an expected return on pension plan assets of 9% for the purpose of computing annual net periodic pension expense. We determined our assumption for expected return on pension plan assets in accordance with SFAS No. 87, Employers Accounting for Pensions. This assumption reflects our targeted long-term investment allocation of 65% equities and 35% fixed income securities for our pension plan assets. We set the level of this assumed return based on a review of average, actual returns for these categories of investments over a long-term period. Some years our actual return on pension assets will exceed the 9% expected return, resulting in an actuarial gain; and some years our actual return will fall short of the 9% expected return, resulting in an actuarial loss.
These differences between actual and expected returns are deferred along with other actuarial gains and losses and reflected in future net periodic pension expense in accordance with SFAS No. 87. Expected and actual returns on pension assets also are affected by plan contributions. In 2002, we contributed $152 million to our pension plans, which included $80 million to the Constellation Energy qualified pension plan and amounts received from the sellers of Nine Mile Point to the Nine Mile Point pension plan. As of the date of this report, we contributed an additional $111 million to our pension plans in 2003.
Certain Relationships
Thomas F. Brady, a Senior Vice President of Constellation Energy is a trustee of COPT. Constellation Energy sold some of its real estate holdings to COPT in 2002 for an aggregate price of less than $5 million. Constellation Energy sold, and anticipates selling, additional real estate holdings to COPT in 2003 for an aggregate price of less than $35 million. The real estate sales were made, and future sales will be made, on an arm's length basis.
In 2001, we recorded the following special items in earnings:
|
Pre-Tax |
After-Tax |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
|||||||
Workforce reduction costs: | ||||||||
Voluntary termination benefitsVSERP | $ | (70.1 | ) | $ | (42.5 | ) | ||
Settlement and curtailment charges | (16.3 | ) | (9.9 | ) | ||||
Involuntary severance accrual | (19.3 | ) | (11.7 | ) | ||||
Total workforce reduction costs | (105.7 | ) | (64.1 | ) | ||||
Contract termination related costs | (224.8 | ) | (139.6 | ) | ||||
Impairment losses and other costs: | ||||||||
Cancellation of domestic power projects | (46.9 | ) | (30.5 | ) | ||||
Impairments of real estate, senior-living, and international investments | (107.3 | ) | (69.7 | ) | ||||
Reduction of financial investment | (4.6 | ) | (2.8 | ) | ||||
Total impairment losses and other costs | (158.8 | ) | (103.0 | ) | ||||
Net gain on the sales of investments and other assets | 6.2 | 1.9 | ||||||
Total special items | $ | (483.1 | ) | $ | (304.8 | ) | ||
We also discuss these special items in Note 2.
Workforce Reduction Costs
In the fourth quarter of 2001, we undertook several measures to reduce our workforce through both voluntary and involuntary means. The purpose of these programs was to reduce our operating costs to become more competitive. As part of this initiative, several companies, including our merchant energy business and BGE, announced several workforce reduction initiatives to provide enhanced retirement benefits to certain eligible participants that elected to retire in 2002 and other involuntary severance programs.
As a result, we recorded $105.7 million of expenses related to these programs during the fourth quarter of 2001. BGE recorded $57.0 million of this amount as expense relating to its electric and gas businesses. BGE also recorded $19.5 million on its balance sheet as a regulatory asset of its gas business.
Contract Termination Related Costs
We announced the termination of our power business services agreement with Goldman Sachs & Co. (Goldman Sachs) in 2001. We paid Goldman Sachs a total of $355 million, representing $196 million to terminate the power business services agreement with our origination and risk management operation and $159 million previously recognized as a payable for services rendered under the agreement. We issued commercial paper and borrowed under our existing bank lines to fund this payment. In the fourth quarter of 2001, we recognized expenses of approximately $224.8 million related to the termination of the contract with Goldman Sachs.
Impairment Losses and Other Costs
In the fourth quarter of 2001, our merchant energy business recorded impairments of $46.9 million primarily due to the termination of all planned development projects not under construction, including projects in Texas, California, Florida, and Massachusetts, and due to a decline in value of an investment in
30
a power project in Michigan. We decided to terminate our development projects due to the expected excess generation capacity in most domestic markets and the significant decline in the forward market prices of electricity. The impairments included costs associated with four turbines no longer expected to be placed in service.
In the fourth quarter of 2001, our other nonregulated businesses recorded $107.3 million in impairments of certain non-core assets as follows:
In addition, our financial investments business recorded a $4.6 million reduction of its investment in an aircraft due to the decline in value of used airplanes as a result of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and the general downturn in the aviation industry.
Net Gain on the Sales of Investments and Other Assets
During 2001, our other nonregulated businesses recognized a $49.5 million gain on the sale of non-core assets, including a $14.9 million gain on the sale of one million shares of our Orion investment and $34.6 million on the sales of other financial investments.
In addition, on November 8, 2001, we sold our Guatemalan power plant operations to an affiliate of Duke Energy International, L.L.C., the international business unit of Duke Energy. Through this sale, Duke Energy acquired Grupo Generador de Guatemala y Cia., S.C.A., which owns two generating plants at Esquintla and Lake Amatitlan in Guatemala. The combined capacity of the plants is 167 megawatts.
We decided to sell our Guatemalan operations to focus our efforts on our core North American energy businesses. As a result of this transaction, we are no longer committed to making significant future capital investments in this non-core operation. We recorded a loss of $43.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2001 resulting from this sale.
Nine Mile Point
On November 7, 2001, we completed our purchase of the Nine Mile Point Nuclear Station (Nine Mile Point) located in Scriba, New York. Nine Mile Point Nuclear Station, LLC, a subsidiary of Constellation Nuclear, purchased 100 percent of Nine Mile Point Unit 1 and 82 percent of Unit 2 for cash of $382.7 million including settlement costs and a sellers' note of $388.1 million to be repaid over five years with an interest rate of 11.0%. This note was prepaid in April 2002. The sellers also transferred approximately $442 million in decommissioning funds. As a result of this purchase, we own 1,550 megawatts of Nine Mile Point's 1,757 megawatts of total generating capacity.
We sell 90% of our share of Nine Mile Point's output, on a unit contingent basis (if the output is not available because the plant is not operating, there is no requirement to provide output from other sources), back to the sellers at an average price of nearly $35 per megawatt-hour for approximately 10 years under power purchase agreements.
We describe the net assets acquired in Note 14.
Bethlehem Steel
On October 15, 2001, Bethlehem Steel Corporation filed for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Bethlehem Steel's Sparrows Point plant, located in Baltimore, Maryland is BGE's largest customer, accounting for approximately three percent of electric revenues and one percent of gas revenues. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, our exposure to Bethlehem Steel was not material. There is uncertainty regarding the continuation of Bethlehem Steel's operations; however, we do not expect the impact to be material to our financial results.
We are pursuing an integrated energy platform that provides a balanced mix of stable and predictable earnings from regulated utility operations with a growth platform from merchant energy operations. The strategy for our merchant energy business is to be a leading competitive provider of energy solutions for large customers in North America. Our merchant energy business has electric generation assets located in various regions of the United States and has an origination and risk management operation that focuses on providing energy solutions to meet customers' needs throughout North America.
The integration of electric generation assets with origination and risk management of energy and energy-related commodities allows our merchant energy business to manage energy price risk over geographic regions and over time. Our focus is on providing solutions to customers' energy needs, and our origination and risk management operation adds value to our generation assets by providing national market access, market infrastructure, real-time market intelligence, risk management and arbitrage opportunities, and transmission and transportation expertise. Generation capacity supports our origination and risk management operation by providing a source of reliable power supply that provides a physical hedge for some of our load-serving activities.
To achieve our strategic objectives, we expect to continue to pursue opportunities that expand our access to customers and to support our origination and risk management operation with generation assets that have diversified geographic, fuel, and dispatch characteristics. We also expect to use a disciplined growth strategy through originating transactions with large customers and by acquiring and developing additional generating facilities when desirable to support our merchant energy business.
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Our merchant energy business will focus on long-term, high-value sales of energy, capacity, and related products to large customers, including distribution utilities, industrial customers, and large commercial customers primarily in the regional markets in which end-use customer electricity rates have been deregulated and thereby separated from the cost of generation supply. These markets include the New England region, the New York region, the Mid-Atlantic region, Texas, Illinois, California, and certain areas in Canada.
The growth of BGE and our other retail energy services businesses is expected through focused and disciplined expansion primarily from new customers.
Customer choice, regulatory change, and energy market conditions significantly impact our business. In response, we regularly evaluate our strategies with these goals in mind: to improve our competitive position, to anticipate and adapt to business environment and regulatory changes, and to maintain a strong balance sheet and investment-grade credit quality.
Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2001, we undertook a number of initiatives to reduce our costs towards competitive levels and to ensure that our resources are focused on our core energy businesses. This included the implementation of workforce reduction programs, termination of all planned development projects not under construction, and the acceleration of our exit strategy for certain non-core assets.
We also might consider one or more of the following strategies:
The utility industry and energy markets continue to experience significant changes as a result of less liquid and more volatile wholesale markets, deteriorating credit qualities of various industry participants, volatile power and fuel prices, excess generation in the domestic markets, and the slow recovery of the U.S. economy.
Due to market conditions in 2001, we canceled our separation plans and terminated our power business services agreement with Goldman Sachs on October 26, 2001 and decided to maintain our existing corporate structure. We also terminated all planned development projects not under construction. Separately, we initiated efforts to reduce costs in order to become more competitive and to sell certain non-core assets to focus attention and capital resources on our core energy businesses.
During 2002, the energy markets were affected by significant events, including expanded investigations by state and federal authorities into business practices of energy companies in the deregulated power and gas markets relating to "wash trading" to inflate revenues and volumes, and other trading practices allegedly designed to manipulate market prices. In addition, several merchant energy businesses significantly reduced their energy trading activities due to deteriorating credit quality.
Beginning in the second quarter of 2002, several regional energy markets experienced a significant decline in liquidity. As a result of the reduced market liquidity, our origination and risk management operation held energy positions in certain markets longer than it otherwise would have during the first half of 2002. In response to this reduced market liquidity, we reduced these positions and continue to modify our positions to reflect the underlying liquidity of the various regional energy markets.
As discussed above, certain companies in the energy industry have been experiencing deteriorating credit quality. We continue to actively manage our credit portfolio to attempt to reduce the impact of a potential counterparty default. We discuss our counterparty credit risk in more detail in the Market Risk section.
We also continue to examine plans to achieve our strategies and to further strengthen our balance sheet and enhance our liquidity. We discuss our strategies in the Strategy section. We discuss our liquidity in the Financial Condition section.
We are facing competition in the sale of electricity in wholesale power markets and to retail customers.
Maryland
As a result of the deregulation of electric generation in Maryland, the following occurred effective July 1, 2000:
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Our origination and risk management operation provides BGE with 100% of the energy and capacity required to meet its standard offer service obligations through June 30, 2003. Our origination and risk management operation obtains the energy and capacity to supply BGE's standard offer service obligations from affiliates that own Calvert Cliffs and BGE's former fossil plants, supplemented with energy and capacity purchased from the wholesale market, as necessary.
In August 2001, BGE entered into contracts with our origination and risk management operation to supply 90% and Allegheny Energy Supply Company, LLC (Allegheny) to supply the remaining 10% of BGE's standard offer service for the final three years (July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2006) of the transition period. Currently, the credit ratings of Allegheny are below investment grade. Under the terms of the contract, in certain circumstances, BGE has the right to request additional credit support from Allegheny to secure performance under the contract. If BGE was to exercise these rights and Allegheny did not meet such request, BGE could liquidate and terminate the contract. As of the date of this report, Allegheny is in compliance with the terms of the contract.
BGE's (and other Maryland utilities') role in providing electricity supply to customers is currently the subject of a proceeding at the Maryland PSC. Specifically, BGE entered into a proposed settlement agreement with parties representing customers, industry, utilities, suppliers, the Maryland Energy Administration, the Maryland PSC's Staff, and the Office of People's Counsel that extends BGE's obligation to supply standard offer service.
Under the proposed settlement agreement, BGE would be obligated to provide market-based standard offer service to residential customers until June 30, 2010, and for commercial and industrial customers for a one, two or four year period beyond June 30, 2004, depending on customer size. The rates charged during this time would be fixed during the term of the supply contract and would include an administrative fee. The proposed settlement agreement currently is before the Maryland PSC for approval.
Other States
Several states, other than Maryland, have supported deregulation of the electric industry. The pace of deregulation in other states varies based on historical moves to competition and responses to recent market events. Certain states that were considering deregulation have slowed their plans or postponed consideration. In response to regional market differences and to promote competitive markets, the FERC proposed initiatives promoting the formation of Regional Transmission Organizations and a standard market design. If approved, these market changes could provide additional opportunities for our merchant energy business. We discuss these initiatives in the FERC RegulationRegional Transmission Organizations and Standard Market Design section.
As a result of ongoing litigation before the FERC regarding sales into the spot markets of the California Independent System Operator and Power Exchange, we estimate that we may be required to pay refunds of between $3 and $4 million for transactions that we entered into with these entities for the period between October 2000 and June 2001. However, our estimate is based on current information and because litigation is ongoing, new events could occur that could cause the actual amount, if any, to be materially different from our estimate.
Currently, no regulation exists for the wholesale price of natural gas as a commodity, and the regulation of interstate transmission at the federal level has been reduced. All BGE gas customers have the option to purchase gas from other suppliers.
Regulation by the Maryland PSC
In addition to electric restructuring which was discussed earlier, regulation by the Maryland PSC influences BGE's businesses. The Maryland PSC determines the rates that BGE can charge customers for the electric distribution and gas businesses. The Maryland PSC incorporates into BGE's electric rates the transmission rates determined by FERC. Prior to July 1, 2000, BGE's regulated electric rates consisted primarily of a "base rate" and a "fuel rate." BGE unbundled its electric rates to show separate components for delivery service, competitive transition charges, standard offer services (generation), transmission, universal service, and taxes. The rates for BGE's regulated gas business continue to consist of a "base rate" and a "fuel rate."
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Base Rate
The base rate is the rate the Maryland PSC allows BGE to charge its customers for the cost of providing them service, plus a profit. BGE has both an electric base rate and a gas base rate. Higher electric base rates apply during the summer when the demand for electricity is higher. Gas base rates are not affected by seasonal changes.
BGE may ask the Maryland PSC to increase base rates from time to time. The Maryland PSC historically has allowed BGE to increase base rates to recover increased utility plant asset costs and higher operating costs, plus a profit, beginning at the time of replacement. Generally, rate increases improve our utility earnings because they allow us to collect more revenue. However, rate increases are normally granted based on historical data, and those increases may not always keep pace with increasing costs. Other parties may petition the Maryland PSC to decrease base rates.
On June 19, 2000, the Maryland PSC authorized a $6.4 million annual increase in our gas base rates effective June 22, 2000.
As a result of the deregulation of electric generation in Maryland, BGE's residential electric base rates are frozen until 2006. Electric delivery service rates are frozen until 2004 for commercial and industrial customers. The generation and transmission components of rates are frozen for different time periods depending on the service options selected by those customers.
Fuel Rate
Through June 30, 2000, we charged our electric customers separately for the fuel we used to generate electricity (nuclear fuel, coal, gas, or oil) and for the net cost of purchases and sales of electricity. We charged the actual cost of these items to the customer with no profit to us. If these fuel costs increased, the Maryland PSC generally permitted us to increase the fuel rate.
Under deregulation of electric generation, BGE's electric fuel rate was frozen until July 1, 2000, at which time the fuel rate clause was discontinued. We deferred the difference between our actual costs of fuel and energy and what we collected from customers under the fuel rate through June 30, 2000.
In September 2000, the Maryland PSC approved the collection of the $54.6 million accumulated difference between our actual costs of fuel and energy and the amounts collected from customers that were deferred under the electric fuel rate clause through June 30, 2000. We collected this accumulated difference from customers over the twelve-month period ended October 2001. Effective July 1, 2000, earnings are affected by the changes in the cost of fuel and energy.
We charge our gas customers separately for the natural gas they purchase from us. The price we charge for the natural gas is based on a market-based rates incentive mechanism approved by the Maryland PSC. We discuss market-based rates and a current proceeding with the Maryland PSC in more detail in the Gas Cost Adjustments section and in Note 1.
Regional Transmission Organizations and Standard Market Design
In December 1999, FERC issued Order 2000, amending its regulations under the Federal Power Act to advance the formation of Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs) that would allow easier access to transmission.
On July 31, 2002, the FERC issued a proposed rulemaking regarding implementation of a standard market design (SMD) for wholesale electric markets. The SMD rulemaking is intended to complement the FERC's RTO order, and will require RTOs to substantially comply with its provisions. The SMD proposal requires transmission providers to turn over the operation of their facilities to an independent operator that will operate them consistent with a revised market structure proposed by the FERC. According to the FERC, the revised market structure will reduce inefficiencies caused by inconsistent market rules and barriers to transmission access. The FERC proposed that its rule be implemented in stages by October 1, 2004. Comments on the SMD proposal were submitted in February 2003. However, in early 2003, the FERC announced that it would issue a report on SMD and again solicit comments from interested parties.
In 1997, BGE turned over the operation of its transmission facilities to PJM, a FERC approved RTO, which generally conducts its operations in accordance with FERC standard market design principles. We believe that the SMD proposal may lead to long-term benefits for Constellation Energy and BGE because the proposal will promote competition in regions where it is implemented. However, until the proposal is finalized, we cannot predict its effect on our, or BGE's, financial results.
Cash Management
In August 2002, the FERC issued proposed rules for the regulation of cash management practices of a regulated subsidiary of a nonregulated parent. As currently proposed, we do not believe the proposed rule will have a material effect on our, and BGE's, financial results. We discuss our cash management arrangement in Note 15.
Merchant Energy Business
Weather conditions in the different regions of North America influence the financial results of our merchant energy business. Weather conditions can affect the supply of and demand for electricity and fuels, and changes in energy supply and demand may impact the price of these energy commodities in both the spot market and the forward market. Typically, demand for electricity and its price are higher in the summer and the winter, when weather is more extreme. Similarly, the demand for and price of natural gas and oil are higher in the winter. However, all regions of North America typically do not experience extreme weather conditions at the same time.
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BGE
Weather affects the demand for electricity and gas for our regulated businesses. Very hot summers and very cold winters increase demand. Mild weather reduces demand. Residential sales for our regulated businesses are impacted more by weather than commercial and industrial sales, which are mostly affected by business needs for electricity and gas.
However, the Maryland PSC allows us to record a monthly adjustment to our regulated gas business revenues to eliminate the effect of abnormal weather patterns. We discuss this further in the Weather Normalization section.
We measure the weather's effect using "degree-days." The measure of degree-days for a given day is the difference between the average daily actual temperature and a baseline temperature of 65 degrees. Cooling degree-days result when the average daily actual temperature exceeds the 65 degree baseline. Heating degree-days result when the average daily actual temperature is less than the baseline.
During the cooling season, hotter weather is measured by more cooling degree-days and results in greater demand for electricity to operate cooling systems. During the heating season, colder weather is measured by more heating degree-days and results in greater demand for electricity and gas to operate heating systems.
We show the number of cooling and heating degree-days in 2002 and 2001, the percentage change in the number of degree-days from the prior year, and the number of degree-days in a "normal" year as represented by the 30-year average in the following table.
|
2002 |
2001 |
30-year Average |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cooling degree-days | 1,006 | 787 | 836 | |||
Percentage change from prior year | 27.8 | % | 6.9 | % | ||
Heating degree-days | 4,542 | 4,514 | 4,736 | |||
Percentage change from prior year | 0.6 | % | (8.5 | )% |
A number of other factors significantly influence the level and volatility of prices for energy commodities and related derivative products for our merchant energy business. These factors include:
These factors can affect energy commodity and derivative prices in different ways and to different degrees. These effects may vary throughout the country as a result of regional differences in:
Other factors, aside from weather, also impact the demand for electricity and gas in our regulated businesses. These factors include the "number of customers" and "usage per customer" during a given period. We use these terms later in our discussions of regulated electric and gas operations. In those sections, we discuss how these and other factors affected electric and gas sales during the periods presented.
The number of customers in a given period is affected by new home and apartment construction and by the number of businesses in our service territory.
Usage per customer refers to all other items impacting customer sales that cannot be measured separately. These factors include the strength of the economy in our service territory. When the economy is healthy and expanding, customers tend to consume more electricity and gas. Conversely, during an economic downtrend, our customers tend to consume less electricity and gas.
Environmental and Legal Matters
You will find details of our environmental matters in Note 11 and Item 1. BusinessEnvironmental Matters section. You will find details of our legal matters in Note 11. Some of the information is about costs that may be material to our financial results.
Accounting Standards Adopted and Issued
We discuss recently adopted and issued accounting standards in Note 1.
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In this section, we discuss our earnings and the factors affecting them. We begin with a general overview, then separately discuss net income for our operating segments. Changes in other income, fixed charges and income taxes are discussed in the aggregate for all segments in the Consolidated Nonoperating Income and Expenses section.
Net Income
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
||||||||||
Net Income Before Special Items Included in Operations: | |||||||||||
Merchant energy | $ | 275.5 | $ | 291.2 | $ | 213.6 | |||||
Regulated electric | 119.8 | 84.5 | 106.5 | ||||||||
Regulated gas | 31.9 | 38.3 | 30.6 | ||||||||
Other nonregulated | (13.1 | ) | (26.8 | ) | (33.4 | ) | |||||
Net Income Before Special Items Included in Operations | 414.1 | 387.2 | 317.3 | ||||||||
Special Items Included in Operations: | |||||||||||
Net gain on sales of investments and other assets | 166.7 | 1.9 | 47.2 | ||||||||
Workforce reduction costs | (38.0 | ) | (64.1 | ) | (4.2 | ) | |||||
Impairments of investment in qualifying facilities and domestic power projects | (9.9 | ) | (30.5 | ) | | ||||||
Costs associated with exit of BGE Home merchandise stores | (6.1 | ) | | | |||||||
Impairments of real estate, senior-living, and international investments | (1.2 | ) | (69.7 | ) | | ||||||
Contract termination related costs | | (139.6 | ) | | |||||||
Reduction of financial investment | | (2.8 | ) | | |||||||
Deregulation transition cost | | | (15.0 | ) | |||||||
Net Income Before Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle | 525.6 | 82.4 | 345.3 | ||||||||
Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle | | 8.5 | | ||||||||
Net Income | $ | 525.6 | $ | 90.9 | $ | 345.3 | |||||
Net income for the periods presented reflect a significant shift from the regulated electric business to the merchant energy business as a result of the transfer of BGE's electric generation assets to nonregulated subsidiaries on July 1, 2000.
2002
Our total net income for 2002 increased $434.7 million, or $2.63 per share, compared to 2001 mostly because of the following:
These increases were partially offset by special items recorded in 2002 as previously discussed in the Significant Events section and the following:
In addition, our other nonregulated businesses recorded the following in 2001 that had a positive impact in that period:
Earnings per share contributions from all of our business segments are impacted by the dilution resulting from the issuance of 13.2 million of common shares during 2001.
2001
Our total net income for 2001 decreased $254.4 million, or $1.73 per share, compared to 2000 mostly because the special items included in operations as previously discussed in the Significant Events section more than offset the $69.9 million, or $.29 per share, increase in our net income before special items.
Net income before special items was $387.2 million, or $2.41 per share, in 2001 compared to $317.3 million, or $2.12 per share, in 2000. Net income before special items was higher compared to 2000 mostly because BGE recorded $75.0 million pre-tax, or approximately $.30 per share, of amortization expense for the reduction of our generating plants associated with the deregulation of electric generation in 2000 that had a negative impact in that year. In addition, we had higher earnings from our regulated gas business in 2001 mostly because of increases in
36
the sharing mechanism under our gas cost adjustment clauses and the increase in our base rates. These increases were offset by the impact of a 6.5% annual electric residential rate reduction that was effective July 1, 2000.
The decrease in total net income for 2001 compared to 2000 also was partially offset by the following:
In the following sections, we discuss our net income by business segment in greater detail.
Background
Our merchant energy business is a competitive provider of energy solutions for large customers in North America. As discussed in the Business EnvironmentElectric Competition section, in connection with the July 1, 2000 implementation of customer choice in Maryland, BGE's generating assets became part of our nonregulated merchant energy business, and our origination and risk management operation began selling to BGE the energy and capacity required to meet its standard offer service obligations for the first three years (July 1, 2000 to June 30, 2003) of the transition period.
In August 2001, BGE entered into a contract with our origination and risk management operation to provide 90% of the energy and capacity required for BGE to meet its standard offer service requirements for the final three years (July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2006) of the transition period. Also effective July 1, 2000, merchant energy business revenues include 90% of the competitive transition charges (CTC revenues) BGE collects from its customers and the portion of BGE's revenues providing for nuclear decommissioning costs.
We record merchant energy revenues and expenses in our financial results in different periods depending upon which portion of our business they affect. We discuss our revenue recognition policies in the Critical Accounting Policies section and in Note 1. We summarize our policies as follows:
Mark-to-market accounting requires us to make estimates and assumptions using judgment in determining the fair value of our contracts and in recording revenues from those contracts. We discuss the effects of mark-to-market accounting on our revenues in the Competitive SupplyMark-to-Market Revenues section. We discuss mark-to-market accounting and the accounting policies for the merchant energy business further in the Critical Accounting Policies section and in Note 1.
As a result of the changes in our organization and senior management in late 2001, including the cancellation of our business separation and the termination of the power business services agreement with Goldman Sachs, we re-evaluated our load-serving activities in Texas and New England as discussed in more detail in the Competitive Supply section. We determined that since we manage these activities as a physical delivery business rather than a trading business, it is appropriate to apply accrual accounting for these activities. After the re-designation of existing contracts to non-trading, we began to record revenues and expenses on a gross basis, but this did not have a material impact on earnings because the resulting increase in revenues was accompanied by a similar increase in fuel and purchased energy expenses.
As a result of applying accrual accounting to an increasing portion of our merchant energy business, including the January 1, 2003 implementation of EITF 02-3, future mark-to-market earnings will be lower than they otherwise would have been because we will record the margin on new transactions as power is delivered to customers over the contract term using accrual accounting rather than in full at the inception of each new contract. However, we expect accrual earnings for 2003 to be $52 million higher than they would have been prior to applying EITF 02-3, reflecting the 2003 portion of the fair value of contracts converted to accrual accounting using market prices as of December 31, 2002.
While we cannot predict the ongoing impact of applying EITF 02-3, the timing of recognizing earnings on new transactions will change. In general, earnings on new transactions will no longer be recognized at the inception of the transactions under mark-to-market accounting because they will be recognized over the term of the transaction. However, we cannot predict the total impact of these changes on our earnings for the reasons discussed in the Critical Accounting Policies section.
Additionally, we also expect lower earnings volatility for this portion of our business because unrealized changes in the fair value of load-serving contracts will no longer be recorded as revenue at the time of the change under mark-to-market accounting as is required for trading activities. Any contracts subject to EITF 02-3 must be accounted for on the accrual basis and recorded gross rather than net upon application of EITF 02-3, which was effective after October 25, 2002 for new non-derivative transactions (including spot market purchases and sales) and January 1, 2003 for contracts existing as of October 25, 2002.
37
Our merchant energy business results were as follows:
Net Income
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 2,765.7 | $ | 1,765.5 | $ | 1,025.7 | |||||
Fuel and purchased energy expenses | 1,151.3 | 484.5 | 199.5 | ||||||||
Operations and maintenance expenses | 787.4 | 597.8 | 387.3 | ||||||||
Workforce reduction costs | 26.5 | 46.0 | | ||||||||
Impairment losses and other costs | 14.4 | 46.9 | | ||||||||
Contract termination related costs | | 224.8 | | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 242.8 | 174.9 | 83.6 | ||||||||
Taxes other than income taxes | 83.5 | 49.4 | 24.6 | ||||||||
Net loss on sales of assets | 3.7 | | | ||||||||
Income from Operations | $ | 456.1 | $ | 141.2 | $ | 330.7 | |||||
Net Income | $ | 247.2 | $ | 93.1 | $ | 198.6 | |||||
Net Income Before Special Items Included in Operations | $ | 275.5 | $ | 291.2 | $ | 213.6 | |||||
Workforce reduction costs | (16.0 | ) | (28.0 | ) | | ||||||
Impairment of investments in qualifying facilities and domestic power projects | (9.9 | ) | (30.5 | ) | | ||||||
Net loss on sales of assets | (2.4 | ) | | | |||||||
Contract termination related costs | | (139.6 | ) | | |||||||
Deregulation transition cost | | | (15.0 | ) | |||||||
Net Income | $ | 247.2 | $ | 93.1 | $ | 198.6 | |||||
Above amounts include intercompany transactions eliminated in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Note 3 provides a reconciliation of operating results by segment to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Revenues and Fuel and Purchased Energy Expenses
Our origination and risk management operation manages our costs of procuring fuel and energy and revenues we realize from the sale of energy to our customers. The difference between revenues and fuel and purchased energy expenses is the primary driver of the profitability of our merchant energy business. Accordingly, we believe it is appropriate to discuss the operating results of our merchant energy business by analyzing the changes in the relationship between revenues and fuel and purchased energy expenses. We discuss non-fuel direct costs, such as ancillary services, transmission costs, financing, and legal costs in conjunction with other operations and maintenance expenses later in this section.
We analyze our merchant energy revenues and fuel and purchased energy expenses in the following categories because of differences in the revenue sources, the nature of fuel and purchased energy expenses, and the risk profile of each category.
38
We provide a summary of our revenues and fuel and purchased energy expenses as follows:
|
2002 |
|
2001 |
|
2000 |
|
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(Dollar amounts in millions) |
||||||||||||||||
Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||
PJM Platform | $ | 1,391.4 | $ | 1,379.2 | $ | 731.7 | |||||||||||
Plants with Power Purchase Agreements | 456.4 | 70.8 | | ||||||||||||||
Competitive Supply | 825.7 | 175.8 | 151.5 | ||||||||||||||
Other | 92.2 | 139.7 | 142.5 | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 2,765.7 | $ | 1,765.5 | $ | 1,025.7 | |||||||||||
Fuel and purchased energy expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
PJM Platform | $ | 527.5 | $ | 420.9 | $ | 199.5 | |||||||||||
Plants with Power Purchase Agreements | 40.0 | 13.9 | | ||||||||||||||
Competitive Supply | 552.9 | | | ||||||||||||||
Other | 30.9 | 49.7 | | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,151.3 | $ | 484.5 | $ | 199.5 | |||||||||||
Revenue less fuel and purchased energy expenses: |
|
% of Total |
|
% of Total |
|
% of Total |
|||||||||||
PJM Platform | $ | 863.9 | 53 | % | $ | 958.3 | 75 | % | $ | 532.2 | 65 | % | |||||
Plants with Power Purchase Agreements | 416.4 | 26 | 56.9 | 4 | | | |||||||||||
Competitive Supply | 272.8 | 17 | 175.8 | 14 | 151.5 | 18 | |||||||||||
Other | 61.3 | 4 | 90.0 | 7 | 142.5 | 17 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,614.4 | 100 | % | $ | 1,281.0 | 100 | % | $ | 826.2 | 100 | % | |||||
PJM Platform
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
||||||||
Revenues | $ | 1,391.4 | $ | 1,379.2 | $ | 731.7 | |||
Fuel and purchased energy expenses | 527.5 | 420.9 | 199.5 | ||||||
Revenues less fuel and purchased energy | $ | 863.9 | $ | 958.3 | $ | 532.2 | |||
Revenues
BGE Standard Offer Service
The majority of PJM Platform revenues arise from BGE standard offer service. Revenues from BGE's standard offer service requirements decreased $8.3 million, including CTC and decommissioning revenues that decreased $4.3 million, in 2002 compared to 2001.
These decreases were due to approximately 1,200 megawatts of large commercial and industrial customers leaving BGE's standard offer service in the second quarter of 2002 and electing other electric generation suppliers, partially offset by higher volumes sold to BGE due to warmer summer weather. However, approximately one-third of the load for large commercial and industrial customers left BGE's standard offer service and elected BGE Home, a subsidiary of Constellation Energy, as their electric generation supplier. Our merchant energy business continues to provide the energy to BGE Home to meet the requirements of these customers under market-based rates. Revenues from BGE Home were $45.3 million in 2002. BGE Home is included in our other nonregulated businesses.
CTC revenues are impacted by the CTC rates our merchant energy business receives from BGE customers as well as the volumes delivered to BGE customers. The CTC rates decline over the transition period as previously discussed in the Electric CompetitionMaryland section.
Revenues from BGE's standard offer service requirements increased $578.0 million, including CTC and decommissioning revenues that increased $74.4 million, in 2001 compared to 2000 because our merchant energy business provided BGE's standard offer service requirements for a full year in 2001 as compared to six months in 2000.
Other PJM Revenues
Other merchant energy revenues in the PJM region decreased $32.6 million in 2002 compared to 2001 mostly because of the following:
Other merchant energy revenues in the PJM region increased $69.5 million in 2001 compared to 2000 mostly because of the following:
Fuel and Purchased Energy Expenses
Our merchant energy business had higher fuel and purchased energy expenses in the PJM region in 2002 compared to 2001 primarily due to higher replacement power costs from the extended outage at Calvert Cliffs and higher coal prices. These were partially offset by lower generation at our coal plants.
39
Our merchant energy business began an extended outage at Unit 1 of Calvert Cliffs during the first quarter of 2002 to replace the unit's steam generators, which was completed at the end of June 2002. As a result, our merchant energy business had lower revenues and higher operating costs, including higher purchased energy to meet BGE's standard offer service. Calvert Cliffs will replace the steam generators for Unit 2 during the 2003 refueling outage. Based on our current outage schedule, we expect the 2003 outage to be shorter than the 2002 extended outage. However, this outage will be significantly longer than a normal refueling outage. We expect lower annual revenues and higher annual operating costs in 2003 from Calvert Cliffs compared to 2001 due to the longer outage.
Our merchant energy business had higher fuel and purchased energy expenses in the PJM region in 2001 compared to 2000 mostly because 2001 reflects a full year's operation of the generation plants that were transferred from BGE effective July 1, 2000. The fuel cost increase also reflects higher fuel prices for generating electricity mostly because coal prices increased during 2001 compared to 2000.
Plants with Power Purchase Agreements
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
||||||||
Revenues | $ | 456.4 | $ | 70.8 | $ | | |||
Fuel and purchased energy expenses | 40.0 | 13.9 | | ||||||
Revenues less fuel and purchased energy | $ | 416.4 | $ | 56.9 | $ | | |||
The increases in revenues and expenses primarily were due to a full year's results from Nine Mile Point, which we acquired in November 2001, and the University Park generating facility, which commenced operations in the second half of 2001. In addition, the Oleander generating facility commenced operations in the second half of 2002.
Competitive Supply
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
||||||||
Accrual revenues | $ | 587.6 | $ | | $ | | |||
Mark-to-market revenues | 238.1 | 175.8 | 151.5 | ||||||
Fuel and purchased energy expenses | 552.9 | | | ||||||
Revenues less fuel and purchased energy | $ | 272.8 | $ | 175.8 | $ | 151.5 | |||
We analyze our accrual and mark-to-market competitive supply activities separately below.
Accrual Revenues and Fuel and Purchased Energy Expenses
Our accrual revenues and fuel and purchased energy expenses increased in 2002 primarily due to the re-designation of our Texas and New England load-serving activities to accrual and the acquisition of NewEnergy in September 2002. Texas and New England revenues were $310.5 million, and purchased energy expenses were $317.1 million. NewEnergy's revenues were $261.3 million, and purchased energy expenses were $211.6 million. We discuss the re-designation of Texas and New England below.
Since February 2002, we manage our Texas load-serving activities as a physical delivery business separate from our trading activities and re-designated these activities as non-trading. We believe this designation more accurately reflects the substance of our Texas load-serving physical delivery activities.
At the time of this change in designation, we reclassified the fair value of load-serving contracts and physically delivering power purchase agreements in Texas from "Mark-to-market energy assets and liabilities" to "Other assets and liabilities." The contracts reclassified consisted of gross assets of $78 million and gross liabilities of $15 million, or a net asset of $63 million. EITF 02-3 required us to remove the unamortized balance of these assets and liabilities, excluding the costs of any acquired contracts, from our Consolidated Balance Sheets by January 1, 2003.
After the change in designation, the results of our Texas load-serving business are included in "Nonregulated revenues" on a gross basis as power is delivered to our customers and "Operating expenses" as costs are incurred. Prior to the re-designation, the results of these activities were reported on a net basis as part of mark-to-market revenues included in "Nonregulated revenues." Mark-to-market revenues for the Texas trading activities were a net loss of $1.2 million for the portion of 2002 prior to designation as non-trading. Mark-to-market revenues for the Texas trading activities were a net loss of $33.4 million in 2001.
Since future power sales revenues and costs from this business will be reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Income as part of "Nonregulated revenues" when power is delivered and "Operating expenses" when the costs are incurred, this re-designation generally will delay the recognition of earnings from this business in the future compared to what we would have recognized under mark-to-market accounting. The change in designation of our Texas load-serving business did not impact our cash flows.
In addition, our New England load-serving business consists primarily of contracts to serve the full energy and capacity requirements of retail customers and electric distribution utilities and associated power purchase agreements to supply our customers' requirements. We manage this business primarily to assure profitable delivery of customers' energy requirements rather than as a traditional trading activity. Therefore, we use accrual accounting for New England load-serving transactions and associated power purchase agreements entered into since the second quarter of 2002.
40
Because applicable accounting rules significantly limited the circumstances under which contracts previously designated as a trading activity could be re-designated as non-trading, prior to EITF 02-3, we were required to continue to include contracts entered into before the second quarter of 2002 in our mark-to-market accounting portfolio. However, under EITF 02-3, on January 1, 2003, we removed these contracts from our "Mark-to-market energy assets and liabilities" and began to account for these contracts under the accrual method of accounting.
We discuss the implications of EITF 02-3 in more detail in the Critical Accounting Policies section and in Note 1.
Mark-to-Market Revenues
Mark-to-market revenues include net gains and losses from origination and risk management activities for which we use the mark-to-market method of accounting. We discuss these activities and the mark-to-market method of accounting in more detail in the Critical Accounting Policies section and in Note 1. We also discuss the implications of EITF 02-3 on the mark-to-market method of accounting in the Critical Accounting Policies section and in Note 1.
As a result of the nature of our operations and the use of mark-to-market accounting for certain activities, mark-to-market revenues and earnings will fluctuate. We cannot predict these fluctuations, but the impact on our revenues and earnings could be material. We discuss our market risk in more detail in the Market Risk section. The primary factors that cause fluctuations in our mark-to-market revenues and earnings are:
Mark-to-market revenues were as follows:
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
|||||||||||
Unrealized revenues | ||||||||||||
Origination transactions | $ | 160.4 | $ | 227.0 | $ | 158.8 | ||||||
Risk management | ||||||||||||
Unrealized changes in fair value | 66.9 | (55.7 | ) | (4.0 | ) | |||||||
Changes in valuation techniques | 10.8 | 4.5 | (3.3 | ) | ||||||||
Reclassification of settled contracts to realized | (45.4 | ) | (19.7 | ) | 57.0 | |||||||
Total risk management | 32.3 | (70.9 | ) | 49.7 | ||||||||
Total unrealized revenues | 192.7 | 156.1 | 208.5 | |||||||||
Realized revenues | 45.4 | 19.7 | (57.0 | ) | ||||||||
Total mark-to-market revenues | $ | 238.1 | $ | 175.8 | $ | 151.5 | ||||||
Revenues from origination transactions represent the initial unrealized fair value of new wholesale energy transactions (including restructurings) at the time of contract execution to the extent permitted by applicable accounting rules. Risk management revenues represent both realized and unrealized gains and losses from changes in the value of our entire portfolio. We discuss the changes in mark-to-market revenues below. We show the relationship between our revenues and the change in our net mark-to-market energy asset later in this section.
Our mark-to-market revenues were and continue to be affected by a decrease in the portion of our activities that is subject to mark-to-market accounting. As previously discussed, we re- designated our Texas load-serving business as accrual during 2002, and we began to account for new non-derivative origination transactions on the accrual basis rather than under mark-to-market accounting. Under EITF 02-3, we no longer record existing non-derivative contracts at fair value beginning January 1, 2003. Further, effective July 1, 2002, to the extent that we are not able to observe quoted market prices or other current market transactions for contract values determined using models, we record a reserve to adjust such contracts to result in zero gain or loss at inception. We remove the reserve and record such contracts at fair value when we obtain current market information for contracts with similar terms and counterparties.
Mark-to-market revenues increased $62.3 million during 2002 compared to 2001 mostly because of net gains from risk management activities compared to net losses in the prior year, partially offset by lower revenues from origination transactions. The increase in risk management revenues is primarily due to the absence of mark-to-market losses recorded in 2001 on Texas trading activities designated as non-trading in 2002, favorable changes in regional power prices, price volatility, and other factors in 2002 compared to 2001. The decrease in origination revenues reflects the use of accrual accounting for new load-serving transactions originated beginning in the second quarter of 2002, the impact of applying the EITF guidance on recording gains at the time of contract origination as previously described, and fewer individually significant transactions in 2002 as compared to 2001.
Mark-to-market revenues increased $24.3 million during 2001 compared to 2000 mostly because of higher revenues from new origination transactions, partially offset by net losses from risk management activities. The increase in origination revenues reflects new full-requirements load-serving transaction volumes, primarily in New England and Texas. The increase in risk management net losses is primarily due to decreases in both future power prices and price volatility in 2001 and costs of establishing hedges for new origination transactions. The decrease in forward prices and volatility negatively affected the mark-to-market value of our portfolio of supply arrangements. However, these mark-to-market losses were more than offset by mark-to-market gains in the form of new origination transactions that were in part enabled by these supply arrangements.
41
Mark-to-Market Energy Assets and Liabilities
Our mark-to-market energy assets and liabilities are comprised of a combination of derivative and non-derivative (physical) contracts. The non-derivative assets and liabilities primarily relate to load-serving activities originated prior to the shift to accrual accounting earlier this year. While some of these contracts represent commodities or instruments for which prices are available from external sources, other commodities and certain contracts are not actively traded and are valued using other pricing sources and modeling techniques to determine expected future market prices, contract quantities, or both. We discuss our modeling techniques later in this section.
Mark-to-market energy assets and liabilities consisted of the following:
At December 31, |
2002 |
2001 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
|||||
Current Assets | $ | 144.0 | $ | 398.4 | ||
Noncurrent Assets | 1,348.2 | 1,819.8 | ||||
Total Assets | 1,492.2 | 2,218.2 | ||||
Current Liabilities | 94.1 | 323.3 | ||||
Noncurrent Liabilities | 881.5 | 1,476.5 | ||||
Total Liabilities | 975.6 | 1,799.8 | ||||
Net mark-to-market energy asset | $ | 516.6 | $ | 418.4 | ||
At December 31, 2002, the primary components of our net mark-to-market energy asset were as follows:
|
(In millions) |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Non-derivative contracts reversed as part of cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle effective January 1, 2003 | $ | 374.9 | ||
Derivatives designated as hedges effective January 1, 2003 | (6.1 | ) | ||
Derivatives designated as normal purchases and sales effective January 1, 2003 | 64.3 | |||
Other positions | 83.5 | |||
Total | $ | 516.6 | ||
The non-derivative portion of the net asset represents the fair value of contracts that we reclassified to accrual effective January 1, 2003 as required by EITF 02-3. Derivatives designated as hedges effective January 1, 2003 represent derivative contracts used to hedge our physical delivery contracts in connection with the implementation of EITF 02-3. Derivatives designated as normal purchases and sales effective January 1, 2003, represent derivative contracts used to economically hedge our physical delivery contracts in connection with the implementation of EITF 02-3 but which receive accrual accounting treatment. The remainder of the net asset primarily consists of a PJM generation hedge comprised of a group of options that serve as an economic hedge of the PJM generation portfolio. These options give us the right to sell power at a floor price which is valuable to our generation operation when market prices are low and also give us the right to buy power at a capped price, which adds value when the market prices are high. We have not designated these options as hedges under SFAS No. 133 due to the complexity of qualifying options as effective hedges under the requirements of that standard.
The following are the primary sources of the change in net mark-to-market energy asset during 2002 and 2001:
|
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
|||||||||||||
Fair value beginning of year | $ | 418.4 | $ | 527.9 | ||||||||||
Changes in fair value recorded as revenues | ||||||||||||||
Origination transactions | $ | 160.4 | $ | 227.0 | ||||||||||
Unrealized changes in fair value | 66.9 | (55.7 | ) | |||||||||||
Changes in valuation techniques | 10.8 | 4.5 | ||||||||||||
Reclassification of settled contracts to realized | (45.4 | ) | (19.7 | ) | ||||||||||
Total changes in fair value recorded as revenues | 192.7 | 156.1 | ||||||||||||
Changes in fair value recorded as operating expenses | 9.0 | (15.0 | ) | |||||||||||
Changes in value of exchange-listed futures and options | (8.5 | ) | 6.9 | |||||||||||
Net change in premiums on options | (40.1 | ) | (242.2 | ) | ||||||||||
Texas contracts re-designated as non-trading | (63.3 | ) | | |||||||||||
Other changes in fair value | 8.4 | (15.3 | ) | |||||||||||
Fair value at end of year | $ | 516.6 | $ | 418.4 | ||||||||||
Changes in the net mark-to-market energy asset that affected revenues were as follows:
The net mark-to-market energy asset also changed due to the following items recorded in accounts other than revenue:
42
We discuss our Texas contracts re-designated as non-trading in more detail in the Competitive Supply section.
The settlement terms of the net mark-to-market energy asset and sources of fair value as of December 31, 2002 are as follows:
|
Settlement Term |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Fair Value |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
Thereafter |
||||||||||||||||||
|
(In millions) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prices provided by external sources (1) | $ | 50.1 | $ | (23.9 | ) | $ | (65.1 | ) | $ | (0.5 | ) | $ | (1.1 | ) | $ | (3.5 | ) | $ | 10.5 | $ | (33.5 | ) | |||
Prices based on models | (0.2 | ) | 124.4 | 113.8 | 83.9 | 72.2 | 77.7 | 78.3 | 550.1 | ||||||||||||||||
Total net mark-to-market energy asset | $ | 49.9 | $ | 100.5 | $ | 48.7 | $ | 83.4 | $ | 71.1 | $ | 74.2 | $ | 88.8 | $ | 516.6 | |||||||||
The implementation of EITF 02-3 significantly impacted the amount and composition of the net mark-to-market energy asset. The table below presents the settlement terms of our net mark-to-market energy asset as of January 1, 2003 after reflecting the impact of implementing EITF 02-3. We discuss EITF 02-3 and the effect of its implementation in more detail in the Critical Accounting Policies section and in Note 1.
|
Settlement Term After Reflecting Implementation of EITF 02-3 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
Thereafter |
Fair Value |
|||||||||||||||||
|
(In millions) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prices provided by external sources (1) | $ | 9.7 | $ | (2.4 | ) | $ | (48.7 | ) | $ | (1.0 | ) | $ | (3.0 | ) | $ | (5.2 | ) | $ | 3.9 | $ | (46.7 | ) | |||
Prices based on models | 0.8 | 1.1 | 35.3 | 24.5 | 23.0 | 20.0 | 25.5 | 130.2 | |||||||||||||||||
Total net mark-to-market energy asset | $ | 10.5 | $ | (1.3 | ) | $ | (13.4 | ) | $ | 23.5 | $ | 20.0 | $ | 14.8 | $ | 29.4 | $ | 83.5 | |||||||
We manage our mark-to-market risk on a portfolio basis based upon the delivery period of our contracts and the individual components of the risks within each contract. Accordingly, we record and manage the energy purchase and sale obligations under our contracts in separate components based upon the commodity (e.g., electricity or gas), the product (e.g., electricity for delivery during peak or off-peak hours), the delivery location (e.g., by region), the risk profile (e.g., forward or option), and the delivery period (e.g., by month and year).
Consistent with our risk management practices, we have presented the information in the tables above based upon the ability to obtain reliable prices for components of the risks in our contracts from external sources rather than on a contract-by-contract basis. Thus, the portion of long-term contracts that is valued using external price sources is presented under the caption "prices provided by external sources." This is consistent with how we manage our risk, and we believe it provides the best indication of the basis for the valuation of our portfolio. Since we manage our risk on a portfolio basis rather than contract-by-contract, it is not practicable to determine separately the portion of long-term contracts that is included in each valuation category. We describe the commodities, products, and delivery periods included in each valuation category in detail below.
The amounts for which fair value is determined using prices provided by external sources represent the portion of forward, swap, and option contracts for which price quotations are available through brokers or over-the-counter transactions. The term for which such price information is available varies by commodity, region, and product. The fair values included in this category are the following portions of our contracts:
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The remainder of the net mark-to-market energy asset is valued using models. The portion of contracts for which such techniques are used includes standard products for which external prices are not available and customized products that are valued using modeling techniques to determine expected future market prices, contract quantities, or both.
Modeling techniques include estimating the present value of cash flows based upon underlying contractual terms and incorporate, where appropriate, option pricing models and statistical and simulation procedures. Inputs to the models include:
Additionally, we incorporate counterparty-specific credit quality and factors for market price and volatility uncertainty and other risks in our valuation. The inputs and factors used to determine fair value reflect management's best estimates.
The electricity, fuel, and other energy contracts we hold have varying terms to maturity, ranging from contracts for delivery the next hour to contracts with terms of ten years or more. Because an active, liquid electricity futures market comparable to that for other commodities has not developed, the majority of contracts used in the origination and risk management operation are direct contracts between market participants and are not exchange-traded or financially settling contracts that can be readily liquidated in their entirety through an exchange or other market mechanism. Consequently, we and other market participants generally realize the value of these contracts as cash flows become due or payable under the terms of the contracts rather than through selling or liquidating the contracts themselves.
Consistent with our risk management practices, the amounts shown in the tables on the previous page as being valued using prices from external sources include the portion of long-term contracts for which we can obtain reliable prices from external sources. The remaining portions of these long-term contracts are shown in the tables as being valued using models. In order to realize the entire value of a long-term contract in a single transaction, we would need to sell or assign the entire contract. If we were to sell or assign any of our long-term contracts in their entirety, we may not realize the entire value reflected in the tables. However, based upon the nature of the origination and risk management operation, we expect to realize the value of these contracts, as well as any contracts we may enter into in the future to manage our risk, over time as the contracts and related hedges settle in accordance with their terms. We do not expect to realize the value of these contracts and related hedges by selling or assigning the contracts themselves in total.
The fair values in the tables represent expected future cash flows based on the level of forward prices and volatility factors as of December 31, 2002 and could change significantly as a result of future changes in these factors. Additionally, because the depth and liquidity of the power markets varies substantially between regions and time periods, the prices used to determine fair value could be affected significantly by the volume of transactions executed.
Management uses its best estimates to determine the fair value of commodity and derivative contracts it holds and sells. These estimates consider various factors including closing exchange and over-the-counter price quotations, time value, volatility factors, and credit exposure. However, future market prices and actual quantities will vary from those used in recording mark-to-market energy assets and liabilities, and it is possible that such variations could be material.
Other
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
||||||||
Revenues | $ | 92.2 | $ | 139.7 | $ | 142.5 | |||
Fuel and purchased energy expenses | 30.9 | 49.7 | | ||||||
Revenues less fuel and purchased energy | $ | 61.3 | $ | 90.0 | $ | 142.5 | |||
We analyze the revenues and fuel and purchased energy expenses of the final category of our merchant energy business below.
Revenues
Our other merchant energy business revenues decreased in 2002 compared to 2001 mostly because we had lower revenues of $23.4 million from our mid-continent region facilities that commenced operations in mid-summer of 2001 primarily due to lower output from these facilities because of a less favorable relationship between energy prices and gas costs. In addition, we had lower revenues of $14.0 million from our investments in qualifying facilities and domestic power projects. We discuss our investments in qualifying facilities and domestic power projects in more detail on the next page.
Our other merchant energy business revenues decreased in 2001 compared to 2000 mostly because of the following:
44
These lower revenues were partially offset by higher revenues of $59.2 million from our mid-continent region gas-fired peaking facilities that commenced operations in mid-summer of 2001.
Investments in Qualifying Facilities and Domestic Power Projects
Our merchant energy business holds up to a 50% ownership interest in 28 operating domestic energy projects that consist of electric generation, fuel processing, or fuel handling facilities. Of these 28 projects, 20 are "qualifying facilities" that receive certain exemptions and pricing under the Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act of 1978 based on the facilities' energy source or the use of a cogeneration process. Earnings from our investments were $9.1 million in 2002, $23.1 million in 2001, and $50.2 million in 2000.
The decrease in revenues in 2002 compared to 2001 was due to a geothermal project generating at a lower capacity and lower revenues from our California projects as discussed below. The decrease in revenues in 2001 compared to 2000 was primarily due to lower revenues from our California projects.
California Power Purchase Agreements
Our merchant energy business has $260.6 million invested in partnerships that own 13 operating power projects of which our ownership percentage represents 137 megawatts of electricity that are sold to Pacific Gas & Electric (PGE) and to Southern California Edison (SCE) in California under power purchase agreements. Our merchant energy business was not paid in full for its sales from these plants to the two utilities from November 2000 through early April 2001. At December 31, 2001, our portion of the amount due for unpaid power sales from these utilities was approximately $45 million. We recorded reserves of approximately 20% of this amount in 2001.
Through the date of this report, we received the $45 million for unpaid power sales plus interest. We reversed all of our credit reserves that totaled $9.1 million during the first quarter of 2002 as payments ensued following court-approved restructuring agreements.
Revenues from these projects, net of credit reserves, were $20.0 million in 2002, $22.1 million in 2001, and $44.1 million in 2000. While California power prices were significantly lower during 2002 compared to 2001, 2001 results were reduced by credit reserves established for our exposure in California. These reserves were subsequently reversed in 2002 as discussed above, which had a positive impact in 2002.
Revenues decreased in 2001 compared to 2000 because of lower power prices in California during the second half of 2001. While energy rates were higher during the first half of 2001, the higher rates were offset by reserves established for our exposure in California during that year.
The projects entered into agreements with PGE through July 2006 and SCE through April 2007 that provide for fixed-price payments averaging $53.70 per megawatt-hour plus the stated capacity payments in the original agreements.
Fuel and Purchased Energy Expenses
Our other merchant energy business fuel and purchased energy expenses decreased in 2002 compared to 2001 mostly because we had lower fuel and purchased energy for our mid-continent region facilities primarily due to lower demand for the output of these facilities.
Operations and Maintenance Expenses
Our merchant energy business operations and maintenance expenses increased $189.6 million in 2002 compared to 2001 mostly due to the following:
These increases were partially offset by the following:
Our merchant energy business operations and maintenance expenses increased $210.5 million in 2001 compared to 2000 mostly due to the following:
These increases were partially offset by the following:
Workforce Reduction Costs, Impairment Losses and Other Costs, Contract Termination Related Costs, and Net Loss on Sales of Assets
Our merchant energy business recognized the following in 2002:
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Our merchant energy business recognized the following in 2001:
We discuss these special items in more detail in the Significant Events section and in Note 2.
As a result of our workforce reduction programs and other process improvement initiatives, our merchant energy business expects to realize cost savings of approximately $44 million partially offset by other increases in operating costs in 2003.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Merchant energy depreciation and amortization expense increased $67.9 million in 2002 compared to 2001 mostly because of the depreciation and amortization associated with Nine Mile Point and the new generating facilities.
Merchant energy depreciation and amortization expense increased $91.3 million in 2001 compared to 2000 mostly because 2001 includes a full year of expenses associated with the generation plants that were transferred from BGE effective July 1, 2000. Additionally, 2001 expenses include depreciation and amortization associated with the new generating facilities and Nine Mile Point.
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes
Merchant energy taxes other than income taxes increased $34.1 million in 2002 compared to 2001 mostly because of taxes other than income taxes associated with Nine Mile Point and the new generating facilities.
Merchant energy taxes other than income taxes increased $24.8 million in 2001 compared to 2000 mostly because of taxes other than income taxes associated with the generation plants that were transferred from BGE effective July 1, 2000. Additionally, 2001 expenses include taxes other than income taxes associated with Nine Mile Point and the new generating facilities.
As previously discussed, our regulated electric business was significantly impacted by the July 1, 2000 implementation of customer choice. These changes include BGE's generating assets and related liabilities becoming part of our nonregulated merchant energy business on that date.
Effective July 1, 2000, BGE unbundled its rates to show separate components for delivery service, transition charges, standard offer services (generation), transmission, universal service, and taxes. BGE's rates also were frozen in total except for the implementation of a residential base rate reduction totaling approximately $54 million annually. In addition, 90% of the CTC revenues BGE collects and the portion of its revenues providing for decommissioning costs, are included in revenues of the merchant energy business.
As part of the deregulation of electric generation, while total rates were frozen over the transition period, the increasing rates received from customers under the standard offer service are offset by declining CTC rates.
Net Income
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
|||||||||
Revenues | $ | 1,966.0 | $ | 2,040.0 | $ | 2,135.2 | ||||
Fuel and purchased energy expenses | 1,080.7 | 1,192.8 | 870.7 | |||||||
Operations and maintenance expenses | 252.4 | 258.7 | 447.2 | |||||||
Workforce reduction costs | 34.0 | 55.7 | 7.0 | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 174.2 | 173.3 | 319.9 | |||||||
Taxes other than income taxes | 137.0 | 139.5 | 157.8 | |||||||
Income from Operations | $ | 287.7 | $ | 220.0 | $ | 332.6 | ||||
Net Income | $ | 99.3 | $ | 50.9 | $ | 102.3 | ||||
Net Income Before Special Items Included in Operations | $ | 119.8 | $ | 84.5 | $ | 106.5 | ||||
Workforce reduction costs | (20.5 | ) | (33.6 | ) | (4.2 | ) | ||||
Net Income | $ | 99.3 | $ | 50.9 | $ | 102.3 | ||||
Above amounts include intercompany transactions eliminated in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Note 3 provides a reconciliation of operating results by segment to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Net income from the regulated electric business increased in 2002 compared to 2001 mostly because of the following:
Net income from the regulated electric business decreased in 2001 compared to 2000 mostly because of the July 1, 2000 deregulation of electric generation as discussed later in this section.
Electric Revenues
The changes in electric revenues in 2002 and 2001 compared to the respective prior year were caused by:
|
2002 |
2001 |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
||||||
Distribution sales volumes | $ | 32.7 | $ | 2.8 | |||
Standard offer service | (70.2 | ) | (79.3 | ) | |||
Fuel rate surcharge | (43.2 | ) | 30.5 | ||||
Total change in electric revenues from electric system sales | (80.7 | ) | (46.0 | ) | |||
Interchange and other sales | | (53.8 | ) | ||||
Other | 6.7 | 4.6 | |||||
Total change in electric revenues | $ | (74.0 | ) | $ | (95.2 | ) | |
Distribution Sales Volumes
"Distribution sales volumes" are sales to customers in BGE's service territory at rates set by the Maryland PSC.
The percentage changes in our electric system sales volumes, by type of customer, in 2002 and 2001 compared to the respective prior year were:
|
2002 |
2001 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Residential | 8.0 | % | 0.3 | % | |
Commercial | 3.2 | 0.7 | |||
Industrial | 0.7 | (0.7 | ) |
In 2002, we distributed more electricity to residential and commercial customers compared to 2001 due to warmer summer weather, increased usage per customer, and an increased number of customers. We distributed about the same amount of electricity to industrial customers in 2002 compared to 2001.
In 2001, we distributed about the same amount of electricity to all customer classes compared to 2000 due primarily to milder winter weather offset by an increased number of customers.
Standard Offer Service
BGE provides standard offer service for customers that do not select an alternative generation supplier as previously discussed. Standard offer service revenues decreased in 2002 compared to 2001 primarily as a result of large commercial and industrial customers leaving BGE's standard offer service and electing other electric generation suppliers. These decreased revenues were partially offset by increased sales to residential customers due to warmer summer weather and an increase in the standard offer service rate that BGE charges its customers.
As a result of large commercial and industrial customers leaving BGE's service, BGE also had lower purchased energy expense as discussed in the Electric Fuel and Purchased Energy Expenses section.
Standard offer service revenues decreased in 2001 compared to 2000 mostly due to:
These decreases were partially offset by the increase in the standard offer service rate that BGE charges its customers and other net impacts of the rate restructuring previously discussed.
Fuel Rate Surcharge
Prior to July 1, 2000, we deferred (included as an asset or liability in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and excluded from our Consolidated Statements of Income) the difference between our actual costs of fuel and energy and what we collected from customers under the fuel rate in a given period. Effective July 1, 2000, the fuel rate clause was discontinued as a result of the deregulation of electric generation. In September 2000, the Maryland PSC approved the collection of the $54.6 million accumulated difference between our actual costs of fuel and energy and the amounts collected from customers that were deferred under the electric fuel rate clause through June 30, 2000. We collected this accumulated difference from customers over the twelve-month period ended October 2001.
Interchange and Other Sales
"Interchange and other sales" are sales in the PJM energy market and to others. PJM is a FERC approved RTO that also operates a regional power pool with members that include many wholesale market participants, as well as BGE and other utility companies. Prior to the implementation of customer choice, BGE sold energy to
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PJM members and to others after it had satisfied the demand for electricity in its own system.
Effective July 1, 2000, BGE no longer engages in interchange sales, as these activities are included in our merchant energy business, which resulted in a decrease in interchange and other sales for 2001 compared to 2000.
Electric Fuel and Purchased Energy Expenses
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
||||||||
Actual costs | $ | 1,080.7 | $ | 1,150.5 | $ | 868.0 | |||
Recovery of costs deferred under electric fuel rate clause | | 42.3 | 2.7 | ||||||
Total electric fuel and purchased energy expenses | $ | 1,080.7 | $ | 1,192.8 | $ | 870.7 | |||
Actual Costs
As discussed in the Business EnvironmentElectric Competition section, effective July 1, 2000, BGE transferred its generating assets to, and began purchasing substantially all of the energy and capacity required to provide electricity to standard offer service customers from, the merchant energy business.
Our actual costs of fuel and purchased energy decreased in 2002 compared to 2001 mostly because BGE purchased less energy due to large commercial and industrial customers leaving BGE's fixed price standard offer service and electing other electric generation suppliers.
Our actual costs of fuel and purchased energy increased in 2001 compared to 2000 mostly because of the deregulation of electric generation. The higher amount BGE paid for purchased energy from our merchant energy business is offset by the absence of $206.4 million in 2001 in fuel costs, and lower operations and maintenance, depreciation, taxes, and other costs at BGE as a result of no longer owning and operating the transferred electric generation plants.
Prior to July 1, 2000, BGE's purchased fuel and energy costs only included actual costs of fuel to generate electricity (nuclear fuel, coal, gas, or oil) and electricity we bought from others.
Electric Operations and Maintenance Expenses
Regulated electric operations and maintenance expenses decreased $6.3 million in 2002 compared to 2001 mostly due to cost reductions resulting from our corporate-wide workforce reduction programs and other productivity initiatives.
Regulated electric operations and maintenance expenses decreased $188.5 million during 2001 compared to 2000 mostly because effective July 1, 2000, costs of $194.7 million were no longer incurred by this business segment. These costs were associated with the electric generation assets that were transferred to the merchant energy business.
Workforce Reduction Costs
BGE's electric business recognized expenses associated with our workforce reduction efforts as previously discussed in the Significant Events section and in Note 2.
As a result of our workforce reduction programs and other process improvement initiatives, our electric business expects to realize cost savings of approximately $17 million partially offset by other increases in operating costs in 2003.
Electric Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Regulated electric depreciation and amortization expense was about the same during 2002 compared to 2001. Regulated electric depreciation and amortization expense decreased $146.6 million during 2001 compared to 2000 mostly due to:
Electric Taxes Other Than Income Taxes
Regulated electric taxes other than income taxes were about the same during 2002 compared to 2001. Regulated electric taxes other than income taxes decreased $18.3 million during 2001 compared to 2000 mostly due to the absence of taxes other than income taxes associated with the generation assets that were transferred to the merchant energy business effective July 1, 2000 partially offset by fewer tax credits.
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All BGE customers have the option to purchase gas from other suppliers. To date, customer choice has not had a material effect on our, or BGE's, financial results.
Net Income
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
|||||||||
Revenues | $ | 581.3 | $ | 680.7 | $ | 611.6 | ||||
Gas purchased for resale expenses | 316.7 | 401.3 | 350.6 | |||||||
Operations and maintenance expenses | 102.9 | 104.3 | 100.6 | |||||||
Workforce reduction costs | 1.3 | 1.3 | | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 47.4 | 47.7 | 46.2 | |||||||
Taxes other than income taxes | 34.4 | 34.3 | 34.8 | |||||||
Income from Operations | $ | 78.6 | $ | 91.8 | $ | 79.4 | ||||
Net Income | $ | 31.1 | $ | 37.5 | $ | 30.6 | ||||
Net Income Before Special Items Included in Operations | $ | 31.9 | $ | 38.3 | $ | 30.6 | ||||
Workforce reduction costs | (0.8 | ) | (0.8 | ) | | |||||
Net Income | $ | 31.1 | $ | 37.5 | $ | 30.6 | ||||
Above amounts include intercompany transactions eliminated in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Note 3 provides a reconciliation of operating results by segment to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Net income from our regulated gas business decreased during 2002 compared to 2001 mostly due to a $7.7 million pre-tax disallowed portion of a previously established regulatory asset as discussed in the Gas Cost Adjustments section and a $3.7 million pre-tax decrease in the shareholders' portion of the sharing mechanism under our gas cost adjustment clauses.
Net income from our regulated gas business increased during 2001 compared to 2000 mostly due to a $3.6 million pre-tax increase in the shareholders' portion of the sharing mechanism under our gas cost adjustment clauses and an increase in our base rates.
Gas Revenues
The changes in gas revenues in 2002 and 2001 compared to the respective prior year were caused by:
|
2002 |
2001 |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
||||||
Distribution sales volumes | $ | 1.4 | $ | (3.4 | ) | ||
Base rates | (2.9 | ) | 3.3 | ||||
Weather normalization | (0.5 | ) | 11.9 | ||||
Gas cost adjustments | (55.8 | ) | 43.6 | ||||
Total change in gas revenues from gas system sales | (57.8 | ) | 55.4 | ||||
Off-system sales | (38.8 | ) | 12.6 | ||||
Other | (2.8 | ) | 1.1 | ||||
Total change in gas revenues | $ | (99.4 | ) | $ | 69.1 | ||
Distribution Sales Volumes
The percentage changes in our distribution sales volumes, by type of customer, in 2002 and 2001 compared to the respective prior year were:
|
2002 |
2001 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Residential | 3.5 | % | (7.8 | )% | |
Commercial | 7.1 | 3.5 | |||
Industrial | (1.4 | ) | (25.2 | ) |
We distributed more gas to residential and commercial customers during 2002 compared to 2001 mostly due to increased usage per customer, slightly colder weather, and an increased number of customers. We distributed less gas to industrial customers mostly because of a decreased number of customers.
We distributed less gas to residential customers during 2001 compared to 2000 mostly due to milder winter weather and lower usage per customer partially offset by an increased number of customers. We distributed more gas to commercial customers mostly due to higher usage per customer. We distributed less gas to industrial customers mostly because of lower usage due to customers switching to lower cost alternative fuel sources and lower business needs related to the general downturn in the economy, partially offset by an increased number of customers.
Base Rates
Base rate revenues decreased during 2002 compared to 2001 mostly because of a decrease in the rate approved by the Maryland PSC associated with the energy conservation surcharge program.
Base rate revenues increased during 2001 compared to 2000 mostly because the Maryland PSC authorized a $6.4 million annual increase in our base rates effective June 22, 2000.
49
Weather Normalization
The Maryland PSC allows us to record a monthly adjustment to our gas revenues to eliminate the effect of abnormal weather patterns on our gas system sales volumes. This means our monthly gas revenues are based on weather that is considered "normal" for the month and, therefore, are not affected by actual weather conditions.
Gas Cost Adjustments
We charge our gas customers for the natural gas they purchase from us using gas cost adjustment clauses set by the Maryland PSC as described in Note 1. However, under market-based rates, our actual cost of gas is compared to a market index (a measure of the market price of gas in a given period). The difference between our actual cost and the market index is shared equally between shareholders and customers. The shareholders' portion decreased $3.7 million during 2002 compared to 2001. The shareholders' portion increased $3.6 million during 2001 compared to 2000.
Effective November 2001, the Maryland PSC approved an order that modifies certain provisions of the market-based rates incentive mechanism. These provisions require that BGE secure fixed-price contracts for at least 10%, but not more than 20%, of forecasted system supply requirements for the November through March period. These fixed price contracts are not subject to sharing under the market-based rates incentive mechanism. We do not expect these changes to have a material impact on our financial results.
Delivery service customers are not subject to the gas cost adjustment clauses because we are not selling gas to them. We charge these customers fees to recover the fixed costs for the transportation service we provide. These fees are the same as the base rate charged for gas distributed and are included in gas distribution volumes.
Gas cost adjustment revenues decreased during 2002 compared to 2001 mostly because the gas we sold to non-delivery service customers was at a lower price, partially offset by more gas sold. Gas cost adjustment revenues increased during 2001 compared to 2000 mostly because the gas we sold to non-delivery service customers was at a higher price, partially offset by less gas sold. In the first half of 2001, the revenue increase reflects the significant increase in natural gas prices.
In December 2002, a Hearing Examiner from the Maryland PSC issued a proposed order related to our annual gas adjustment clause review proceeding that will allow us to recover $1.7 million of a previously established regulatory asset of $9.4 million for certain credits that were over-refunded to customers through our market-based rates. BGE reserved the remaining difference of $7.7 million as disallowed fuel costs.
However, we appealed the proposed order. As of the date of this report, the Maryland PSC has not acted on BGE's appeal.
Off-System Sales
Off-system gas sales are low-margin direct sales of gas to wholesale suppliers of natural gas outside our service territory. Off-system gas sales, which occur after we have satisfied our customers' demand, are not subject to gas cost adjustments. The Maryland PSC approved an arrangement for part of the margin from off-system sales to benefit customers (through reduced costs) and the remainder to be retained by BGE (which benefits shareholders).
Revenues from off-system gas sales decreased during 2002 compared to 2001 mostly because we sold less gas at a lower price.
Revenues from off-system gas sales increased during 2001 compared to 2000 mostly because the gas we sold off-system was at a higher price partially offset by less gas sold. In the first half of 2001, the revenue increase reflects the significant increase in natural gas prices.
Gas Purchased For Resale Expenses
Gas purchased for resale expenses include the cost of gas purchased for resale to our customers and for off-system sales. These costs do not include the cost of gas purchased by delivery service customers.
Gas costs decreased during 2002 as compared to 2001 because we purchased gas at a lower price partially offset by the $7.7 million of disallowed fuel costs as previously discussed in the Gas Cost Adjustments section.
Gas costs increased during 2001 compared to 2000 mostly because gas we purchased was at a higher price partially offset by less gas purchased for both system and off-system sales.
Gas Operations and Maintenance Expenses
Regulated gas operations and maintenance expenses were about the same during 2002 and 2001 compared to the respective prior year. In 2002, cost reductions resulting from our corporate-wide workforce reduction programs and other productivity initiatives were offset by the amortization of gas regulatory assets established in 2001 related to these initiatives.
Workforce Reduction Costs
BGE's gas business recognized expenses associated with our workforce reduction efforts as previously discussed in the Significant Events section and in Note 2.
As a result of our workforce reduction programs and other process improvement initiatives, our gas business expects to realize cost savings of approximately $4 million partially offset by other increases in operating costs in 2003.
50
Net Income
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 537.4 | $ | 552.6 | $ | 635.2 | |||||
Operating expenses | 505.9 | 510.7 | 588.8 | ||||||||
Workforce reduction costs | 1.0 | 2.7 | | ||||||||
Impairment losses and other costs | 10.8 | 111.9 | | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 16.6 | 23.2 | 20.3 | ||||||||
Taxes other than income taxes | 4.3 | 3.4 | 4.3 | ||||||||
Net gain on sales of investments and other assets | 265.0 | 6.2 | 78.1 | ||||||||
Income (Loss) from Operations | $ | 263.8 | $ | (93.1 | ) | $ | 99.9 | ||||
Net Income (Loss) Before Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle | $ | 148.0 | $ | (99.1 | ) | $ | 13.8 | ||||
Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle | | 8.5 | | ||||||||
Net Income (Loss) | $ | 148.0 | $ | (90.6 | ) | $ | 13.8 | ||||
Net Loss Before Special Items Included in Operations | $ | (13.1 | ) | $ | (26.8 | ) | $ | (33.4 | ) | ||
Net gain on sales of investments and other assets | 169.1 | 1.9 | 47.2 | ||||||||
Workforce reduction costs | (0.7 | ) | (1.7 | ) | | ||||||
Costs associated with exit of BGE Home merchandise stores | (6.1 | ) | | | |||||||
Impairment of real estate, senior-living, and international investments | (1.2 | ) | (69.7 | ) | | ||||||
Reduction of financial investment | | (2.8 | ) | | |||||||
Net Income (Loss) Before Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle | 148.0 | (99.1 | ) | 13.8 | |||||||
Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle | | 8.5 | | ||||||||
Net Income (Loss) | $ | 148.0 | $ | (90.6 | ) | $ | 13.8 | ||||
Above amounts include intercompany transactions eliminated in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Note 3 provides a reconciliation of operating results by segment to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Net income from our other nonregulated businesses increased during 2002 compared to 2001 mostly because of the following:
These increases were partially offset by the following:
Net income from our other nonregulated businesses decreased during 2001 compared to 2000 mostly because of the following items:
We discuss our special items further in the Significant Events section and in Note 2.
In addition, we recognized an $8.5 million after-tax, or $.05 per share, gain for the cumulative effect of adopting SFAS No. 133 in the first quarter of 2001.
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As previously discussed in the Significant Events section, we decided to sell certain non-core assets and accelerate the exit strategies on other assets that we will continue to hold and own over the next several years. These assets included approximately 1,300 acres of land holdings in various stages of development located in seven sites in the central Maryland region, an operating waste water treatment plant located in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, all of our 18 senior-living facilities and certain international power projects. In 2002, we sold approximately 800 acres of land holdings, all of our senior-living facilities, and a South American generating facility. While our intent is to dispose of these remaining non-core assets, market conditions and other events beyond our control may affect the actual sale of these assets. In addition, a future decline in the fair value of these assets could result in additional losses.
Our remaining projects are partially or substantially developed. Our strategy is to hold and in some cases further develop these projects to increase their value. However, if we were to sell these projects in the current market, we may have losses that could be material, although the amount of the losses is hard to predict.
In addition, we initiated a liquidation program for our financial investments operation and expect to sell substantially all of our investments in this operation by the end of 2003. Through February 28, 2003, we liquidated approximately 85% of our investment portfolio since the beginning of 2002.
Consolidated Nonoperating Income and Expenses
Other Income
Other income increased $29.2 million during 2002 compared to 2001 mostly because of interest income on the nuclear decommissioning trust fund transferred in connection with the acquisition of Nine Mile Point and income on temporary cash investments. Other income was about the same in 2001 compared to 2000.
Other income for BGE increased $10.3 million during 2002 compared to 2001 mostly because of interest income on temporary cash investments in the Constellation Energy cash pool. Other income for BGE decreased $7.1 million during 2001 compared to 2000 mostly due to the absence of income on the Calvert Cliffs decommissioning trust fund that was transferred to our merchant energy business effective July 1, 2000 as a result of electric deregulation.
Fixed Charges
Total fixed charges increased $42.7 million during 2002 compared to 2001 mostly because of a higher level of debt outstanding at higher interest rates and lower capitalized interest due to our new generating facilities commencing operations. In 2002, we issued $2.5 billion of long-term debt and used the proceeds to repay short-term borrowings, to prepay the Nine Mile Point sellers' note, and to fund acquisitions. Total fixed charges decreased $32.6 million during 2001 compared to 2000 mostly because of lower interest rates and higher capitalized interest associated with our construction of new generating facilities. These decreases were offset partially by a higher average level of debt outstanding.
Total fixed charges for BGE decreased $14.0 million during 2002 as compared to 2001 mostly because of a lower level of debt outstanding due to the repayment of maturing long-term debt. Total fixed charges for BGE decreased $29.4 million during 2001 compared to 2000 mostly because of a lower level of debt outstanding primarily due to the transfer of debt to our merchant energy business effective July 1, 2000 due to the implementation of electric deregulation.
Income Taxes
The differences in income taxes result from a combination of the changes in income and the effective tax rate. We include an analysis of the changes in the effective tax rate in Note 9.
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Cash provided by operations was $1,020.0 million in 2002 compared to $573.3 million in 2001 and $850.9 million in 2000.
Cash used in investing activities was $319.8 million in 2002 compared to $1,472.7 million in 2001 and $1,106.5 million in 2000. The decrease in 2002 compared to 2001 was mostly due to the sale of Orion and COPT that generated $555.4 million in cash proceeds, as well as the liquidation program associated with our investment portfolio and a decrease in capital spending due to the termination of all planned development projects. This was partially offset by the acquisitions of NewEnergy (net of cash acquired) for $204.8 million in September 2002 and of Alliance (net of cash acquired) for $16.6 million in December 2002. The increase in 2001 compared to 2000 was mostly due to increased purchases of property, plant and equipment and other capital expenditures including $382.7 million relating to the net cash paid for the acquisition of Nine Mile Point.
Cash used in financing activities was $157.6 million in 2002 compared to cash provided by financing activities of $789.1 million in 2001 and $345.6 million in 2000. The decrease in 2002 compared to 2001 was mostly due to higher repayment of debt in 2002 and the issuance of common stock in 2001. This was partially offset by higher issuance of debt during 2002. The increase in 2001 compared to 2000 was mostly due to increased proceeds from the issuance of common stock, an increase in proceeds from the net issuance of short-term borrowings, and a $130.0 million decrease in common stock dividends paid. These items were partially offset by the issuance of less long-term debt and higher repayments of our long-term debt.
Independent credit-rating agencies rate Constellation Energy's and BGE's fixed-income securities. The ratings indicate the agencies' assessment of each company's ability to pay interest, distributions, dividends, and principal on these securities. These ratings affect how much it will cost each company to sell these securities. The better the rating, the lower the cost of the securities to each company when they sell them.
The factors that credit rating agencies consider in establishing Constellation Energy's and BGE's credit ratings include, but are not limited to, cash flows, liquidity, and the amount of debt as a component of total capitalization. All Constellation Energy and BGE credit ratings have stable outlooks. At the date of this report, our credit ratings were as follows:
|
Standard & Poors Rating Group |
Moody's Investors Service |
Fitch- Ratings |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constellation Energy | |||||||
Commercial Paper | A-2 | P-2 | F-2 | ||||
Senior Unsecured Debt | BBB+ | Baa1 | A- | ||||
BGE |
|||||||
Commercial Paper | A-2 | P-1 | F-1 | ||||
Mortgage Bonds | A | A1 | A+ | ||||
Senior Unsecured Debt | BBB+ | A2 | A | ||||
Trust Originated Preferred Securities and Preference Stock | BBB | Baa1 | A- |
In 2001, we decided to sell certain non-core assets to focus on our core strategies. During 2002, we realized proceeds of over $800 million from the sale of non-core assets and used these funds to repay both short-term and long-term debt. In addition, during 2002, we issued $2.5 billion of debt and established $1.28 billion of credit facilities resulting in $1.7 billion of total credit facilities. We continuously monitor our liquidity requirements and believe that our facilities and access to the capital markets provide sufficient liquidity to meet our business requirements. We discuss our available sources of funding in more detail below.
Constellation Energy
In addition to the $2.5 billion of debt issued in 2002, Constellation Energy has a commercial paper program under which we can issue short-term notes to fund our subsidiaries. At December 31, 2002, we had approximately $1.5 billion of credit under three facilities as discussed below.
In June 2002, Constellation Energy arranged a $640 million 364-day revolving credit facility and a $640 million three-year revolving credit facility. We use these two facilities to allow issuance of commercial paper and letters of credit along with our previously established $188.5 million revolving credit facility that expires in June 2003.
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At December 31, 2002, we had $338.7 million of outstanding letters of credit that results in approximately $1.1 billion of unused credit facilities. These three facilities can issue letters of credit up to approximately $1.1 billion. Constellation Energy also has access to interim lines of credit as required from time to time to support its outstanding commercial paper.
BGE
BGE maintains $200.0 million in annual committed credit facilities, expiring May through November 2003, in order to allow commercial paper to be issued. As of December 31, 2002, BGE had no outstanding commercial paper, which results in $200.0 million in unused credit facilities. BGE also has access to interim lines of credit as required from time to time to support its outstanding commercial paper.
Other Nonregulated Businesses
BGE Home Products & Services maintains a program to sell up to $50 million of receivables.
If we can get a reasonable value for our remaining real estate projects and other investments, additional cash may be obtained by selling them. Our ability to sell or liquidate assets will depend on market conditions, and we cannot give assurances that these sales or liquidations could be made.
Our business requires a great deal of capital. Our actual consolidated capital requirements for the years 2000 through 2002, along with the estimated annual amount for 2003, are shown in the table below.
We will continue to have cash requirements for:
Capital requirements for 2003 and 2004 include estimates of spending for existing and anticipated projects. We continuously review and modify those estimates. Actual requirements may vary from the estimates included in the table below because of a number of factors including:
Our estimates are also subject to additional factors. Please see the Forward Looking Statements section.
|
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
||||||||||||||
Nonregulated Capital Requirements: | |||||||||||||||
Merchant energy (excludes acquisitions) | |||||||||||||||
Construction program | $ | 537 | $ | 697 | $ | 122 | $ | | |||||||
Steam generators | 21 | 53 | 83 | 70 | |||||||||||
Environmental controls | 45 | 89 | 66 | 20 | |||||||||||
Continuing requirements (including nuclear fuel) | 96 | (A) | 205 | 370 | 320 | (B) | |||||||||
Total merchant energy capital requirements | 699 | 1,044 | 641 | 410 | |||||||||||
Other nonregulated capital requirements | 131 | 35 | 65 | 65 | |||||||||||
Total nonregulated capital requirements | 830 | 1,079 | 706 | 475 | |||||||||||
Utility Capital Requirements: | |||||||||||||||
Regulated electric | |||||||||||||||
Generation | 73 | | | | |||||||||||
Steam generators | 13 | | | | |||||||||||
Environmental controls | 17 | | | | |||||||||||
Transmission and distribution | 187 | 180 | 167 | 205 | |||||||||||
Total regulated electric | 290 | 180 | 167 | 205 | |||||||||||
Regulated gas | 60 | 59 | 50 | 55 | |||||||||||
Total utility capital requirements | 350 | 239 | 217 | 260 | |||||||||||
Total capital requirements | $ | 1,180 | $ | 1,318 | $ | 923 | $ | 735 | |||||||
Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.
As of the date of this report, we have not completed our 2004 capital budgeting process, but expect our 2004 capital requirements to be approximately $600-700 million.
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Merchant Energy Business
Our merchant energy business will invest in the following:
The table on the previous page does not include the financing for the High Desert 830 megawatt gas-fired generation project in California, which is under an operating lease with a term through February 2006. Under the terms of the lease, we are required to make payments that represent all or a portion of the lease balance if construction is terminated prior to completion or we default under the lease.
Under certain circumstances, we may be required to either post cash collateral equal to the outstanding lease balance or we may elect to purchase the property for the outstanding lease balance. At any time during the term of the lease we have the right to pay off the lease and acquire the asset from the lessor. At December 31, 2002, the outstanding lease balance plus other committed expenses was approximately $585 million.
Our wholly owned subsidiary, High Desert Power Project LLC, is supervising the construction of, and leasing, the High Desert project from High Desert Power Trust, an independent special purpose entity (SPE) created to own and lease the project to our subsidiary. Neither Constellation Energy nor any affiliate owns any equity or other interest in High Desert Power Trust, which is owned by a consortium of banks and other financial institutions. We provide a guaranty of High Desert Power Project LLC's obligations to the Trust.
The High Desert Power Project uses an off-balance sheet financing structure through this SPE and currently qualifies as an operating lease. As an operating lease, we do not record any assets or debt associated with the project in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. In January 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation No. (FIN) 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, that will impact the accounting for, but not the cash flows associated with, our High Desert operating lease and the related SPE. Under the interpretation and current lease structure, we will be required to consolidate the SPE in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July 1, 2003, which is the effective date of FIN 46. Had we consolidated this project at December 31, 2002, we would have recorded approximately $488.7 million of development, construction, and capitalized financing costs as an asset and the related financial obligations as a liability in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We discuss FIN 46 in more detail in Note 1.
The lease with the Trust contains several events of default that are commonly found in financings of this type, including failure to make all payments when due, failure to comply with all covenants, violation of material representations and warranties and change of control. In addition, several events of default are applicable to us as guarantor, including defaults in other material financing agreements and failure to own 100% of BGE's common stock.
At the conclusion of the lease term in 2006, we have the following options:
If the lessor sells the property, we guarantee the payment of any difference between the sale proceeds and the lease balance at the time of sale up to a maximum amount of approximately 83% of such lease balance. The lease balance at the end of the term is currently estimated to be $600 million, which represents the estimated cost of the project; however, this may vary based on the ultimate cost of construction and interest incurred during the construction period.
Regulated Electric and Gas
Regulated electric and gas construction expenditures primarily include new business construction needs and improvements to existing facilities.
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Funding for Capital Requirements
Merchant Energy Business
Funding for the expansion of our merchant energy business is expected from internally generated funds. We also have available sources from commercial paper issuances, issuances of long-term debt and equity, leases, and other financing activities.
The projects that our merchant energy business develops typically require substantial capital investment. Most of the projects recently constructed were funded through corporate borrowings by Constellation Energy. Many of the qualifying facilities and independent power projects that we have an interest are financed primarily with non-recourse debt that is repaid from the project's cash flows. This debt is collateralized by interests in the physical assets, major project contracts and agreements, cash accounts and, in some cases, the ownership interest in that project.
We expect to fund acquisitions with a mixture of debt and equity with an overall goal of maintaining a strong investment grade credit profile.
BGE
Funding for utility capital expenditures is expected from internally generated funds. During 2003, we expect our regulated utility business to generate significant excess cash flows from operations. If necessary, additional funding may be obtained from commercial paper issuances, available capacity under credit facilities, the issuance of long-term debt, trust securities, or preference stock, and/or from time to time equity contributions from Constellation Energy. During 2002, Constellation Energy made a $200 million capital contribution to BGE. BGE also participates in a cash pool administered by Constellation Energy as discussed in Note 15.
Other Nonregulated Businesses
Funding for our other nonregulated businesses is expected from internally generated funds, commercial paper issuances, issuances of long-term debt of Constellation Energy, sales of securities and assets, and/or from time to time equity contributions from Constellation Energy. BGE Home Products & Services can continue to fund capital requirements through sales of receivables.
Our ability to sell or liquidate securities and non-core assets will depend on market conditions, and we cannot give assurances that these sales or liquidations could be made. We discuss our remaining non-core assets and market conditions in the Results of OperationOther Nonregulated Businesses section.
Our total contractual and contingent obligations as of December 31, 2002 are shown in the following table:
|
Payments/Expiration |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2004- 2005 |
2006- 2007 |
Thereafter |
Total |
|||||||||||
|
(In millions) |
|||||||||||||||
Contractual Obligations | ||||||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings | $ | 10.5 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 10.5 | ||||||
Nonregulated long-term debt1 | 5.5 | 315.6 | 620.1 | 2,208.6 | 3,149.8 | |||||||||||
BGE long-term debt | 284.2 | 194.7 | 591.4 | 829.7 | 1,900.0 | |||||||||||
BGE preference stock | | | | 190.0 | 190.0 | |||||||||||
Fuel and transportation | 626.9 | 316.9 | 145.2 | 94.2 | 1,183.2 | |||||||||||
Purchased capacity and energy2 | 182.8 | 160.7 | 46.5 | 73.1 | 463.1 | |||||||||||
Operating leases | 34.6 | 103.7 | 38.0 | 151.6 | 327.9 | |||||||||||
Capital and loan commitments 3 | 32.7 | 0.5 | | | 33.2 | |||||||||||
Total contractual obligations | $ | 1,177.2 | $ | 1,092.1 | $ | 1,441.2 | $ | 3,547.2 | $ | 7,257.7 | ||||||
Contingent Obligations | ||||||||||||||||
Letters of credit | $ | 338.3 | $ | 0.4 | $ | | $ | | $ | 338.7 | ||||||
Guarantees - competitive supply4 | 1,758.8 | 167.0 | 35.8 | 189.4 | 2,151.0 | |||||||||||
Other guarantees, net 5 | 16.5 | 2.2 | 602.1 | 140.8 | 761.6 | |||||||||||
Total contingent obligations | $ | 2,113.6 | $ | 169.6 | $ | 637.9 | $ | 330.2 | $ | 3,251.3 | ||||||
Total obligations | $ | 3,290.8 | $ | 1,261.7 | $ | 2,079.1 | $ | 3,877.4 | $ | 10,509.0 | ||||||
While we included our contingent obligations in the table above, these amounts do not represent incremental consolidated Constellation Energy obligations; rather, they primarily represent guarantees from one Constellation entity to another. We do not expect to fund the full amounts under the letters of credit and guarantees. Specifically, the $2,151.0 million guaranteescompetitive supply represent the face amount of these guarantees. However, we do not expect to fund the full amount, as our calculation of the fair value of obligations covered by these guarantees was $519.8 million at December 31, 2002.
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Lease payments under the High Desert operating lease are reflected in "Other guarantees, net" in the table on the previous page. The lease balance at the end of the 2006 lease term is currently estimated to be $600 million.
The table on the previous page does not include the fixed payment portions of our mark-to-market energy assets and liabilities primarily related to capacity payments under tolling contracts. We discuss the expected settlement terms of these contracts in the Competitive SupplyMark-to-Market Energy Assets and Liabilities section.
We have certain agreements that contain provisions that would require additional collateral upon significant credit rating decreases in the Senior Unsecured Debt of Constellation Energy. Decreases in Constellation Energy's credit ratings would not trigger an early payment on any of our credit facilities. However, under counterparty contracts related to our origination and risk management operation, where we are obligated to post collateral, we estimate that we would have additional collateral obligations based on downgrades to the following credit ratings for our Senior Unsecured Debt:
Credit Ratings Downgraded |
Level Below Current Rating |
Incremental Obligations |
Cumulative Obligations |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
(In millions) |
||||||
BBB/Baa2 | 1 | $ | 55 | $ | 55 | |||
BBB-/Baa3 | 2 | 125 | 180 | |||||
Below investment grade | 3 | 500 | 680 |
At December 31, 2002, we had approximately $1.3 billion of unused credit facilities and $615.0 million of cash available to meet potential requirements. However, based on market conditions and contractual obligations at the time of such a downgrade, we could be required to post collateral in an amount that could exceed the amounts specified above, and which could be material.
In many cases, customers of our origination and risk management operation rely on the creditworthiness of Constellation Energy. A decline below investment grade by Constellation Energy would negatively impact the business prospects of that operation.
The credit facilities of Constellation Energy and BGE have limited material adverse change clauses that only consider a material change in financial condition and are not directly affected by decreases in credit ratings. If these clauses are violated, the lending institutions can decline making new advances or issuing new letters of credit, but cannot accelerate existing amounts outstanding. The long-term debt indentures of Constellation Energy and BGE do not contain material adverse change clauses or financial covenants.
Certain credit facilities of Constellation Energy contain a provision requiring Constellation Energy to maintain a ratio of debt to capitalization equal to or less than 65%. At December 31, 2002, the debt to capitalization ratios as defined in the credit agreements were no greater than 57%.
A BGE credit facility of $50.0 million that expires in August 2003 requires BGE to maintain a ratio of debt to capitalization equal to or less than 70%. At December 31, 2002, the debt to capitalization ratio for BGE as defined in the credit agreement was 54%. At December 31, 2002, no amount is outstanding under this facility.
Failure by Constellation Energy, or BGE, to comply with these covenants could result in the maturity of the debt outstanding under these facilities being accelerated. The credit facilities of Constellation Energy contain usual and customary cross-default provisions that apply to defaults on debt by Constellation Energy and certain subsidiaries over a specified threshold. Certain BGE credit facilities also contain usual and customary cross-default provisions that apply to defaults on debt by BGE over a specified threshold. The indentures pursuant to which BGE has issued and outstanding mortgage bonds and subordinated debentures provide that a default under any debt instrument issued under the relevant indenture may cause a default of all debt outstanding under such indenture.
Constellation Energy also provides credit support to Calvert Cliffs and Nine Mile Point to ensure these plants have funds to meet expenses and obligations to safely operate and maintain the plants.
We discuss our short-term borrowings in Note 7, long-term debt in Note 8, lease requirements in Note 10, and commitments and guarantees in Note 11.
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We are exposed to various market risks, including changes in interest rates, certain commodity prices, credit risk, and equity prices. To manage our market risk, we may enter into various derivative instruments including swaps, forward contracts, futures contracts, and options. In this section, we discuss our current market risk and the related use of derivative instruments.
We are exposed to changes in interest rates as a result of financing through our issuance of variable-rate and fixed-rate debt. We may use derivative instruments to manage our interest rate risks. The following table provides information about our debt obligations that are sensitive to interest rate changes:
Principal Payments and Interest Rate Detail by Contractual Maturity Date
|
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
Thereafter |
Total |
Fair value at Dec. 31, 2002 |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(Dollar amounts in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term debt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Variable-rate debt | $ | 10.5 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 10.5 | $ | 10.5 | ||||||||
Average interest rate | 3.61 | % | | | | | | 3.61 | % | |||||||||||||||
Long-term debt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Variable-rate debt | $ | 5.0 | $ | 7.0 | $ | 7.5 | $ | 120.6 | $ | 10.0 | $ | 185.8 | $ | 335.9 | $ | 335.9 | ||||||||
Average interest rate | 5.49 | % | 5.45 | % | 5.50 | % | 1.75 | % | 5.50 | % | 1.76 | % | 2.08 | % | ||||||||||
Fixed-rate debt | $ | 284.7 | (A) | $ | 152.0 | $ | 343.8 | $ | 352.8 | $ | 728.1 | $ | 2,852.5 | $ | 4,713.9 | $ | 5,018.8 | |||||||
Average interest rate | 6.50 | % | 5.75 | % | 7.72 | % | 5.54 | % | 7.00 | % | 6.90 | % | 6.74 | % |
We are exposed to the impact of market fluctuations in the price and transportation costs of electricity, natural gas, coal, and other commodities. These risks arise from our ownership and operation of power plants, the load-serving activities of BGE standard offer service and our competitive supply activities, and our mark-to-market origination and risk management activities. We discuss these risks separately for our merchant energy and our regulated businesses below.
Merchant Energy Business
Our merchant energy business is exposed to various risks in the competitive marketplace that may materially impact its financial results and affect our earnings. These risks include changes in commodity prices, imbalances in supply and demand, and operational risk.
Commodity Prices
Commodity price risk arises from the potential for changes in the price of, and transportation costs for, electricity, natural gas, coal, and other commodities; the volatility of commodity prices; and changes in interest rates. A number of factors associated with the structure and operation of the electricity markets significantly influence the level and volatility of prices for energy commodities and related derivative products. We use such commodities and contracts in our merchant energy business, and if we have not hedged the associated financial exposure, this price volatility could affect our earnings. These factors include:
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These factors can affect energy commodity and derivative prices in different ways and to different degrees. These effects may vary throughout the country as a result of regional differences in:
Supply and Demand Risk
We are exposed to the risk that available sources of supply may differ from the amount of power demanded by our customers under fixed-price load-serving contracts. During periods of high demand, our power supplies may be insufficient to serve our customers' needs and could require us either to generate power using plants with more costly fuel or to purchase additional energy at higher prices. Alternatively, during periods of low demand, our power supplies may exceed our customers' needs and could result in us selling that excess energy at lower prices. Either of those circumstances could have a negative impact on our earnings.
Operational Risk
Operational risk is the risk that a generating plant will not be available to produce energy and the risks related to physical delivery of energy to meet our customers' needs. For 2003, we expect to use the majority of the generating capacity controlled by our merchant energy business to provide standard offer service to BGE or to serve the load requirements of the sellers of Nine Mile Point. Beginning in July 2002, approximately 1,200 megawatts of industrial customer load moved from BGE's standard offer service to market-based rates. Going forward, our merchant energy business will supply 100% of the standard offer service to BGE through June 30, 2003 and 90% from July 1, 2003 through June 30, 2006.
As a result of declines in BGE's standard offer service load and the 2,900 megawatts of natural gas-fired peaking and combined cycle generating facilities recently constructed, we have a substantial amount of generating capacity that is subject to future changes in wholesale electricity prices and have fuel requirements that are subject to future changes in coal, natural gas, and oil prices. Our power generation facilities purchase fuel under contracts or on the spot market. Fuel prices may be volatile and the price that can be obtained from power sales may not change at the same rate as changes in fuel costs.
Additionally, if one or more of our generating facilities is not able to produce electricity when required due to operational factors, we may have to forego sales opportunities or fulfill fixed-price sale commitments through the operation of other more costly generating facilities or through the purchase of energy in the wholesale market at higher prices.
Our nuclear plants produce electricity at a relatively low marginal cost. As a result, the costs of replacement energy associated with outages at these plants can be significant. If an unplanned outage were to occur during the summer or winter when demand was at a high level, the replacement power costs could have a material adverse impact on our financial results. Calvert Cliffs experienced an extended outage to replace the steam generators for Unit 1 during a refueling outage in the spring of 2002, and will experience another extended outage to replace the steam generators for Unit 2 during a refueling outage in the spring 2003.
Risk Management
As part of our overall portfolio, we manage the commodity price risk of our competitive supply activities and our electric generation facilities, including power sales, fuel and energy purchases, emission credits, weather risk, and the market risk of outages. In order to manage these risks, we may enter into fixed-price derivative or non-derivative contracts to hedge the variability in future cash flows from forecasted sales of electricity and purchases of fuel and energy, including:
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The objectives for entering into such hedges include:
The portion of forecasted transactions hedged may vary based upon management's assessment of market, weather, operational, and other factors.
While some of the contracts we use to manage risk represent commodities or instruments for which prices are available from external sources, other commodities and certain contracts are not actively traded and are valued using other pricing sources and modeling techniques to determine expected future market prices, contract quantities, or both. We use our best estimates to determine the fair value of commodity and derivative contracts we hold and sell. These estimates consider various factors including closing exchange and over-the-counter price quotations, time value, volatility factors, and credit exposure. However, it is likely that future market prices could vary from those used in recording mark-to-market energy assets and liabilities, and such variations could be material.
We monitor and manage our risk exposures through separate, but complementary financial, operational, and credit reporting systems. Constellation Energy's board of directors establishes parameters for the risks that we can undertake and risk levels are monitored daily by management and our Chief Risk Officer. In addition, we maintain segregation of duties, with credit review and risk monitoring functions performed by groups that are independent from revenue producing groups.
We measure the sensitivity of our mark-to-market energy contracts to potential changes in market prices using value at risk. Value at risk is a statistical model that attempts to predict risk of loss based on historical market price volatility. We calculate value at risk using a variance/covariance technique that models option positions using a linear approximation of their value. Additionally, we estimate variances and correlation using historical commodity price changes over the most recent rolling three-month period. Our value at risk calculation includes all mark-to-market energy assets and liabilities, including contracts for energy commodities and derivatives that result in physical settlement and contracts that require cash settlement.
The value at risk calculation does not include market risks associated with activities that are subject to accrual accounting, primarily our generating facilities and our competitive supply load-serving activities. We manage these risks by monitoring our fuel and energy purchase requirements and our estimated contract sales volumes compared to associated supply arrangements. We also engage in hedging activities to manage these risks. We describe those risks and our hedging activities earlier in this section.
The value at risk amount represents the potential pre-tax loss in the fair value of mark-to-market energy assets and liabilities over a one-day holding period. Based on the confidence levels in the table below, we would expect a one-day change in fair value greater than or equal to the daily value at risk at least once per year. Our value at risk was as follows:
|
99.9% Confidence Level |
95% Confidence Level |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
2002 |
2001 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||||
|
|
(In millions) |
|
|||||||||
Year end | $ | 7.4 | $ | 18.0 | $ | 3.0 | $ | 7.4 | ||||
Average | 15.5 | 18.0 | 6.4 | 7.5 | ||||||||
High | 33.8 | 68.9 | 13.9 | 26.9 | ||||||||
Low | 4.2 | 8.7 | 1.7 | 3.6 |
The high value at risk amount for the year 2001 represents certain hedge contracts entered into in anticipation of closing an offsetting transaction. When the offsetting transaction closed within several days, the value at risk amount returned to a level more representative of the average for the year.
Due to the inherent limitations of statistical measures such as value at risk, the relative immaturity of the competitive market for electricity and related derivatives, and the seasonality of changes in market prices, the value at risk calculation may not reflect the full extent of our commodity price risk exposure. Additionally, actual changes in the value of options may differ from the value at risk calculated using a linear approximation inherent in our calculation method. As a result, actual changes in the fair value of mark-to-market energy assets and liabilities could differ from the calculated value at risk, and such changes could have a material impact on our financial results.
Regulated Electric Business
Effective July 1, 2000, BGE's residential rates are frozen for a six-year period, and its commercial and industrial rates are frozen for four to six years. BGE entered into standard offer service arrangements with our origination and risk management operation and Allegheny Energy Supply Company to provide the energy and capacity required to meet its standard offer service obligations through June 30, 2006.
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Regulated Gas Business
Our regulated gas business may enter into gas futures, options, and swaps to hedge its price risk under our market-based rate incentive mechanism and our off-system gas sales program. We discuss this further in Note 1. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, our exposure to commodity price risk for our regulated gas business was not material.
We are exposed to credit risk, primarily through our merchant energy business. Credit risk is the loss that may result from a counterparty's nonperformance. We use credit policies to manage our credit risk, including utilizing an established credit approval process, monitoring counterparty limits, employing credit mitigation measures such as margin, collateral, or prepayment arrangements, and using master netting agreements. We measure credit risk as the replacement cost for open energy commodity and derivative positions (both mark-to-market and accrual) plus amounts owed from counterparties for settled transactions. The replacement cost of open positions represents unrealized gains, net of any unrealized losses, where we have a legally enforceable right of setoff.
Recently, several major participants in the energy markets suffered severe declines in their credit ratings or declared bankruptcy. However, as of December 31, 2002, approximately 85% of our credit portfolio was rated at least investment grade by the major rating agencies, with 3% rated below investment grade and 12% not rated. Of the portion not rated, 84% primarily represents governmental entities, municipalities, cooperatives, power pools, or other load-serving entities that we assess are equivalent to investment grade based on internal credit ratings.
Due to the possibility of extreme volatility in the prices of energy commodities and derivatives, the market value of contractual positions with individual counterparties could exceed established credit limits or collateral provided by those counterparties. If such a counterparty were then to fail to perform its obligations under its contract (for example, fail to deliver the electricity our origination and risk management operation had contracted for), we could sustain a loss that could have a material impact on our financial results.
Additionally, if a counterparty were to default and we were to liquidate all contracts with that entity, our credit loss would include the loss in value of mark-to-market contracts, the amount owed for settled transactions, and additional payments, if any, we would have to make to settle unrealized losses on accrual contracts.
We are exposed to price fluctuations in equity markets primarily through our financial investments operation, our pension plan assets, and our nuclear decommissioning trust funds. We are required by the NRC to maintain an externally funded trust for the costs of decommissioning our nuclear power plants. We discuss our nuclear decommissioning trust funds in more detail in Note 1.
A hypothetical 10% decrease in equity prices would result in an approximate $65 million reduction in the fair value of our financial investments that are classified as trading or available-for-sale securities. In 2002, the value of our defined benefit pension plan assets decreased by approximately $90 million due to declines in the markets in which plan assets are invested. We describe our financial investments in more detail in Note 4, and our pension plans in Note 6.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
The information required by this item with respect to market risk is set forth in Item 7 of Part II of this Form 10-K under the heading Market Risk.
61
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
REPORT OF MANAGEMENT
The management of Constellation Energy and BGE (Companies) is responsible for the information and representations in the Companies' financial statements. The Companies prepare the financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America based upon available facts and circumstances and management's best estimates and judgments of known conditions.
The Companies maintain an accounting system and related system of internal controls designed to provide reasonable assurance that the financial records are accurate and that the Companies' assets are protected. The Companies' staff of internal auditors, which reports directly to the Chief Financial Officer, conducts periodic reviews to maintain the effectiveness of internal control procedures. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, audit the financial statements and express their opinion on them. They perform their audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America.
The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, which consists of three independent Directors, meets periodically with management, internal auditors, and PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP to review the activities of each in discharging their responsibilities. The internal audit staff and PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP have free access to the Audit Committee.
Mayo A. Shattuck III Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer |
E. Follin Smith Senior Vice-President & Chief Financial Officer |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Shareholders of Constellation Energy Group, Inc. and Baltimore Gas and Electric Company
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a) 1. present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Constellation Energy Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries and of Baltimore Gas and Electric Company and Subsidiaries at December 31, 2002 and 2001, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2002 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a) 2. of this Form 10-K presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and the financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Companies' management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
We have also previously audited, in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, the consolidated balance sheets and statement of capitalization of Constellation Energy Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries and of Baltimore Gas and Electric Company and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998, and the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows, and common shareholders' equity and comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 1999 and 1998 (none of which are presented herein); and we expressed unqualified opinions on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the Summary of Operations and Summary of Financial Condition of Constellation Energy Group, Inc. included in the Selected Financial Data for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 2002, and the information set forth in the Summary of Operations and Summary of Financial Condition of Baltimore Gas and Electric Company included in the Selected Financial Data for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 2002, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated financial statements from which it has been derived.
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, in 2001, the Companies changed their method of accounting for derivative and hedging activities pursuant to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 138, Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities (an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133).
PricewaterhouseCoopers
LLP
Baltimore, Maryland
January 29, 2003
62
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Constellation Energy Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Year Ended December 31, |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions, except per share amounts) |
||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Nonregulated revenues | $ | 2,166.9 | $ | 1,164.9 | $ | 1,035.9 | |||||
Regulated electric revenues | 1,965.6 | 2,039.6 | 2,134.7 | ||||||||
Regulated gas revenues | 570.5 | 674.3 | 603.8 | ||||||||
Total revenues | 4,703.0 | 3,878.8 | 3,774.4 | ||||||||
Expenses |
|||||||||||
Operating expenses | 3,049.9 | 2,392.2 | 2,311.4 | ||||||||
Workforce reduction costs | 62.8 | 105.7 | 7.0 | ||||||||
Impairment losses and other costs | 25.2 | 158.8 | | ||||||||
Contract termination related costs | | 224.8 | | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 481.0 | 419.1 | 470.0 | ||||||||
Taxes other than income taxes | 259.2 | 226.6 | 221.5 | ||||||||
Total expenses | 3,878.1 | 3,527.2 | 3,009.9 | ||||||||
Net Gain on Sales of Investments and Other Assets |
261.3 |
6.2 |
78.1 |
||||||||
Income from Operations | 1,086.2 | 357.8 | 842.6 | ||||||||
Other Income |
30.5 |
1.3 |
4.2 |
||||||||
Fixed Charges |
|||||||||||
Interest expense | 312.3 | 283.2 | 282.4 | ||||||||
Interest capitalized and allowance for borrowed funds used during construction | (44.0 | ) | (57.6 | ) | (24.2 | ) | |||||
BGE preference stock dividends | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.2 | ||||||||
Total fixed charges | 281.5 | 238.8 | 271.4 | ||||||||
Income Before Income Taxes | 835.2 | 120.3 | 575.4 | ||||||||
Income Taxes | 309.6 | 37.9 | 230.1 | ||||||||
Income Before Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle | 525.6 | 82.4 | 345.3 | ||||||||
Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle, Net of Income Taxes of $5.6 (see Note 1) |
| 8.5 | | ||||||||
Net Income | $ | 525.6 | $ | 90.9 | $ | 345.3 | |||||
Earnings Applicable to Common Stock |
$ |
525.6 |
$ |
90.9 |
$ |
345.3 |
|||||
Average Shares of Common Stock Outstanding |
164.2 |
160.7 |
150.0 |
||||||||
Earnings Per Common Share and Earnings Per Common ShareAssuming Dilution Before Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle | $ | 3.20 | $ | .52 | $ | 2.30 | |||||
Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle | | .05 | | ||||||||
Earnings Per Common Share and Earnings Per Common ShareAssuming Dilution |
$ | 3.20 | $ | .57 | $ | 2.30 | |||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year's presentation.
63
Constellation Energy Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
At December 31, |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
|||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||
Current Assets | ||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 615.0 | $ | 72.4 | ||||||
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for uncollectibles of $41.9 and $22.8, respectively) |
1,247.3 | 738.9 | ||||||||
Trading securities | 77.1 | 178.2 | ||||||||
Mark-to-market energy assets | 144.0 | 398.4 | ||||||||
Risk management assets | 72.3 | 65.2 | ||||||||
Fuel stocks | 126.5 | 110.2 | ||||||||
Materials and supplies | 208.6 | 210.2 | ||||||||
Prepaid taxes other than income taxes | 57.1 | 64.7 | ||||||||
Other | 153.9 | 58.0 | ||||||||
Total current assets | 2,701.8 | 1,896.2 | ||||||||
Investments and Other Assets |
||||||||||
Real estate projects and investments | 86.1 | 210.7 | ||||||||
Investments in qualifying facilities and power projects | 439.2 | 499.1 | ||||||||
Investment in Orion Power Holdings, Inc. | | 442.5 | ||||||||
Financial investments | 36.9 | 60.7 | ||||||||
Nuclear decommissioning trust funds | 645.4 | 683.5 | ||||||||
Mark-to-market energy assets | 1,348.2 | 1,819.8 | ||||||||
Risk management assets | 88.8 | 77.6 | ||||||||
Goodwill | 115.9 | | ||||||||
Other | 167.8 | 132.8 | ||||||||
Total investments and other assets | 2,928.3 | 3,926.7 | ||||||||
Property, Plant and Equipment |
||||||||||
Regulated property, plant and equipment | ||||||||||
Plant in service | 4,952.4 | 4,862.4 | ||||||||
Construction work in progress | 118.3 | 81.8 | ||||||||
Plant held for future use | 4.5 | 4.5 | ||||||||
Total regulated property, plant and equipment | 5,075.2 | 4,948.7 | ||||||||
Nonregulated generation property, plant and equipment | 6,811.9 | 6,538.7 | ||||||||
Other nonregulated property, plant and equipment | 242.0 | 192.9 | ||||||||
Nuclear fuel (net of amortization) | 224.8 | 174.8 | ||||||||
Accumulated depreciation | (4,396.8 | ) | (4,161.8 | ) | ||||||
Net property, plant and equipment | 7,957.1 | 7,693.3 | ||||||||
Deferred Charges |
||||||||||
Regulatory assets (net) | 405.7 | 463.8 | ||||||||
Other | 136.0 | 129.4 | ||||||||
Total deferred charges | 541.7 | 593.2 | ||||||||
Total Assets | $ | 14,128.9 | $ | 14,109.4 | ||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year's presentation.
64
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Constellation Energy Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
At December 31, |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
|||||||
Liabilities and Equity | ||||||||
Current Liabilities | ||||||||
Short-term borrowings | $ | 10.5 | $ | 975.0 | ||||
Current portion of long-term debt | 426.2 | 1,406.7 | ||||||
Accounts payable | 943.4 | 523.3 | ||||||
Mark-to-market energy liabilities | 94.1 | 323.3 | ||||||
Risk management liabilities | 20.1 | 11.7 | ||||||
Dividends declared | 42.8 | 23.0 | ||||||
Accrued interest | 95.5 | 57.7 | ||||||
Other | 392.8 | 250.4 | ||||||
Total current liabilities | 2,025.4 | 3,571.1 | ||||||
Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities |
||||||||
Deferred income taxes | 1,330.7 | 1,431.0 | ||||||
Mark-to-market energy liabilities | 881.5 | 1,476.5 | ||||||
Risk management liabilities | 149.5 | 12.5 | ||||||
Net pension liability | 334.6 | 215.5 | ||||||
Postretirement and postemployment benefits | 352.8 | 330.9 | ||||||
Deferred investment tax credits | 85.7 | 93.4 | ||||||
Other | 197.2 | 130.7 | ||||||
Total deferred credits and other liabilities | 3,332.0 | 3,690.5 | ||||||
Capitalization (See Statement of Capitalization) |
||||||||
Long-term debt | 4,613.9 | 2,712.5 | ||||||
Minority interests | 105.3 | 101.7 | ||||||
BGE preference stock not subject to mandatory redemption | 190.0 | 190.0 | ||||||
Common shareholders' equity | 3,862.3 | 3,843.6 | ||||||
Total capitalization | 8,771.5 | 6,847.8 | ||||||
Commitments, Guarantees, and Contingencies (see Note 11) |
||||||||
Total Liabilities and Equity |
$ |
14,128.9 |
$ |
14,109.4 |
||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year's presentation.
65
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Constellation Energy Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Year Ended December 31, |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
||||||||||||
Cash Flows From Operating Activities | |||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 525.6 | $ | 90.9 | $ | 345.3 | |||||||
Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle | | (8.5 | ) | | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 548.0 | 468.9 | 524.8 | ||||||||||
Deferred income taxes | 148.3 | (26.5 | ) | 42.1 | |||||||||
Investment tax credit adjustments | (7.9 | ) | (8.1 | ) | (8.4 | ) | |||||||
Deferred fuel costs | 23.9 | 37.6 | 2.8 | ||||||||||
Pension and postemployment benefits | (116.2 | ) | 55.3 | 27.9 | |||||||||
Net gain on sales of investments and other assets | (261.3 | ) | (6.2 | ) | (78.1 | ) | |||||||
Workforce reduction costs | 62.8 | 105.7 | 7.0 | ||||||||||
Impairment losses and other costs | 25.2 | 158.8 | | ||||||||||
Contract termination related costs | | 26.2 | | ||||||||||
Deregulation transition cost | | | 24.0 | ||||||||||
Equity in earnings of affiliates less than (in excess of) dividends received | 67.0 | 2.0 | (5.3 | ) | |||||||||
Changes in | |||||||||||||
Accounts receivable | (236.8 | ) | 53.7 | (214.1 | ) | ||||||||
Mark-to-market energy assets and liabilities | (133.7 | ) | 109.5 | (379.6 | ) | ||||||||
Risk management assets and liabilities | 58.6 | (93.2 | ) | | |||||||||
Materials, supplies and fuel stocks | (11.7 | ) | (90.9 | ) | 14.5 | ||||||||
Other current assets | 130.3 | (20.5 | ) | (31.1 | ) | ||||||||
Accounts payable | 188.4 | (226.7 | ) | 384.9 | |||||||||
Other current liabilities | 50.4 | 7.8 | 21.3 | ||||||||||
Other | (40.9 | ) | (62.5 | ) | 172.9 | ||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,020.0 | 573.3 | 850.9 | ||||||||||
Cash Flows From Investing Activities | |||||||||||||
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (831.9 | ) | (1,302.5 | ) | (1,067.0 | ) | |||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (221.4 | ) | (382.7 | ) | | ||||||||
Contributions to nuclear decommissioning trust funds | (17.6 | ) | (22.0 | ) | (13.2 | ) | |||||||
Payments for structured deal fees | (51.4 | ) | | | |||||||||
Sale of (investment in) Orion | 454.1 | 26.2 | (101.5 | ) | |||||||||
Sale of investments and other assets | 383.9 | 260.9 | 169.9 | ||||||||||
Purchases of marketable equity securities | (0.2 | ) | (33.2 | ) | (80.8 | ) | |||||||
Other investments | (35.3 | ) | (19.4 | ) | (13.9 | ) | |||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (319.8 | ) | (1,472.7 | ) | (1,106.5 | ) | |||||||
Cash Flows From Financing Activities | |||||||||||||
Net issuance (maturity) of short-term borrowings | (964.5 | ) | 731.4 | (127.9 | ) | ||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of | |||||||||||||
Long-term debt | 2,529.3 | 1,175.2 | 1,374.0 | ||||||||||
Common stock | 28.5 | 504.4 | 35.9 | ||||||||||
Repayment of long-term debt | (1,627.7 | ) | (1,510.2 | ) | (697.0 | ) | |||||||
Common stock dividends paid | (137.8 | ) | (120.7 | ) | (250.7 | ) | |||||||
Other | 14.6 | 9.0 | 11.3 | ||||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (157.6 | ) | 789.1 | 345.6 | |||||||||
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents | 542.6 | (110.3 | ) | 90.0 | |||||||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year | 72.4 | 182.7 | 92.7 | ||||||||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year | $ | 615.0 | $ | 72.4 | $ | 182.7 | |||||||
Other Cash Flow Information: |
|||||||||||||
Cash paid during the year for: | |||||||||||||
Interest (net of amounts capitalized) | $ | 230.5 | $ | 238.3 | $ | 268.2 | |||||||
Income taxes | $ | 157.8 | $ | 101.5 | $ | 184.7 | |||||||
Non-Cash Transaction: |
|||||||||||||
In connection with our purchase of Nine Mile Point in 2001, the fair value of the net assets purchased was $770.8 million. We paid $382.7 million in cash, including settlement costs, and incurred a sellers' note of $388.1 million as discussed further in Note 14. |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year's presentation.
66
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMMON SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Constellation Energy Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
|
|
|
|
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Years Ended December 31, 2002, 2001, and 2000 |
Common Stock |
Retained Earnings |
Total Amount |
||||||||||||||
Shares |
Amount |
||||||||||||||||
|
(Dollar amounts in millions, number of shares in thousands) |
||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 1999 |
149,556 |
$ |
1,494.0 |
$ |
1,499.1 |
$ |
24.4 |
$ |
3,017.5 |
||||||||
Comprehensive Income |
|||||||||||||||||
Net income | 345.3 | 345.3 | |||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (OCI) | |||||||||||||||||
Reclassification of net gain on sales of securities from OCI to net income, net of taxes of $18.4 | (28.1 | ) | (28.1 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net unrealized gain on securities, net of taxes of $27.9 | 46.7 | 46.7 | |||||||||||||||
Total Comprehensive Income | 363.9 | ||||||||||||||||
Common stock dividend declared ($1.68 per share) | (251.8 | ) | (251.8 | ) | |||||||||||||
Common stock issued | 976 | 35.9 | 35.9 | ||||||||||||||
Other | 8.8 | (0.3 | ) | 8.5 | |||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2000 | 150,532 | 1,538.7 | 1,592.3 | 43.0 | 3,174.0 | ||||||||||||
Comprehensive Income |
|||||||||||||||||
Net income | 90.9 | 90.9 | |||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, net of taxes of $22.6 | (35.5 | ) | (35.5 | ) | |||||||||||||
Reclassification of net gain on sales of securities from OCI to net income, net of taxes of $15.7 | (24.0 | ) | (24.0 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net unrealized gain on securities, net of taxes of $87.5 | 148.5 | 148.5 | |||||||||||||||
Net unrealized gain on hedging instruments, net of taxes of $65.6 | 102.6 | 102.6 | |||||||||||||||
Minimum pension liability, net of taxes of $29.3 | (44.7 | ) | (44.7 | ) | |||||||||||||
Total Comprehensive Income | 237.8 | ||||||||||||||||
Common stock dividend declared ($.48 per share) | (77.1 | ) | (77.1 | ) | |||||||||||||
Common stock issued | 13,176 | 504.4 | 504.4 | ||||||||||||||
Other | (0.9 | ) | 5.4 | 4.5 | |||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2001 | 163,708 | 2,042.2 | 1,611.5 | 189.9 | 3,843.6 | ||||||||||||
Comprehensive Income |
|||||||||||||||||
Net income | 525.6 | 525.6 | |||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||
Reclassification of net gain on sales of securities from OCI to net income, net of taxes of $87.7 | (152.8 | ) | (152.8 | ) | |||||||||||||
Reclassification of net gains on hedging instruments from OCI to net income, net of taxes of $10.9 | (17.8 | ) | (17.8 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net unrealized loss on securities, net of taxes of $28.6 | (43.2 | ) | (43.2 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net unrealized loss on hedging instruments, net of taxes of $31.7 | (52.2 | ) | (52.2 | ) | |||||||||||||
Minimum pension liability, net of taxes of $77.2 | (118.1 | ) | (118.1 | ) | |||||||||||||
Total Comprehensive Income | 141.5 | ||||||||||||||||
Common stock dividend declared ($.96 per share) | (157.6 | ) | (157.6 | ) | |||||||||||||
Common stock issued | 1,135 | 28.5 | 28.5 | ||||||||||||||
Other | 8.2 | (1.9 | ) | 6.3 | |||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2002 | 164,843 | $ | 2,078.9 | $ | 1,977.6 | $ | (194.2 | ) | $ | 3,862.3 | |||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year's presentation.
67
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CAPITALIZATION
Constellation Energy Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
At December 31, |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
|||||||||
Long-Term Debt | ||||||||||
Long-term debt of Constellation Energy | ||||||||||
Floating rate notes, due January 17, 2002 | $ | | $ | 635.0 | ||||||
77/8% Notes, due April 1, 2005 | 300.0 | 300.0 | ||||||||
6.35% Fixed Rate Notes, due April 1, 2007 | 600.0 | | ||||||||
6.125% Fixed Rate Notes, due September 1, 2009 | 500.0 | | ||||||||
7.00% Fixed Rate Notes, due April 1, 2012 | 700.0 | | ||||||||
7.60% Fixed Rate Notes, due April 1, 2032 | 700.0 | | ||||||||
Total long-term debt of Constellation Energy | 2,800.0 | 935.0 | ||||||||
Long-term debt of nonregulated businesses | ||||||||||
Tax-exempt debt transferred from BGE effective July 1, 2000 | ||||||||||
Pollution control loan, due July 1, 2011 | 36.0 | 36.0 | ||||||||
Port facilities loan, due June 1, 2013 | 48.0 | 48.0 | ||||||||
Adjustable rate pollution control loan, due July 1, 2014 | 20.0 | 20.0 | ||||||||
5.55% Pollution control revenue refunding loan, due July 15, 2014 | 47.0 | 47.0 | ||||||||
Economic development loan, due December 1, 2018 | 35.0 | 35.0 | ||||||||
6.00% Pollution control revenue refunding loan, due April 1, 2024 | 75.0 | 75.0 | ||||||||
Floating rate pollution control loan, due June 1, 2027 | 8.8 | 8.8 | ||||||||
51/2% Installment series, due July 15, 2002 | | 6.7 | ||||||||
District Cooling facilities loan, due December 1, 2031 | 25.0 | 25.0 | ||||||||
Loans under revolving credit agreements | 51.7 | 46.0 | ||||||||
11% Installment note, due November 7, 2006 | | 388.1 | ||||||||
Mortgage and construction loans | ||||||||||
Floating rate mortgage notes and construction loans, due through 2005 | | 13.8 | ||||||||
4.25% Mortgage note, due March 15, 2009 | 3.3 | 19.7 | ||||||||
Total long-term debt of nonregulated businesses | 349.8 | 769.1 | ||||||||
First Refunding Mortgage Bonds of BGE | ||||||||||
71/4% Series, due July 1, 2002 | | 124.0 | ||||||||
61/2% Series, due February 15, 2003 | 124.8 | 124.8 | ||||||||
61/8% Series, due July 1, 2003 | 124.9 | 124.9 | ||||||||
51/2% Series, due April 15, 2004 | 125.0 | 125.0 | ||||||||
Remarketed floating rate series, due September 1, 2006 | 111.5 | 111.5 | ||||||||
71/2% Series, due January 15, 2007 | 123.5 | 123.5 | ||||||||
65/8% Series, due March 15, 2008 | 124.9 | 124.9 | ||||||||
71/2% Series, due March 1, 2023 | 98.1 | 98.1 | ||||||||
71/2% Series, due April 15, 2023 | 72.2 | 84.0 | ||||||||
Total First Refunding Mortgage Bonds of BGE | 904.9 | 1,040.7 | ||||||||
Other long-term debt of BGE | ||||||||||
5.25% Notes, due December 15, 2006 | 300.0 | 300.0 | ||||||||
Floating rate reset notes, due February 5, 2002 | | 200.0 | ||||||||
Medium-term notes, Series B | 12.1 | 23.1 | ||||||||
Medium-term notes, Series C | 25.5 | 25.5 | ||||||||
Medium-term notes, Series D | 68.0 | 68.0 | ||||||||
Medium-term notes, Series E | 199.5 | 200.0 | ||||||||
Medium-term notes, Series G | 140.0 | 140.0 | ||||||||
6.75% Remarketable or redeemable securities, due December 15, 2012 | | 173.0 | ||||||||
Total other long-term debt of BGE | 745.1 | 1,129.6 | ||||||||
BGE obligated mandatorily redeemable trust preferred securities of subsidiary trust holding solely 7.16% deferrable interest subordinated debentures due June 30, 2038 | 250.0 | 250.0 | ||||||||
Unamortized discount and premium | (9.7 | ) | (5.2 | ) | ||||||
Current portion of long-term debt | (426.2 | ) | (1,406.7 | ) | ||||||
Total long-term debt | $ | 4,613.9 | $ | 2,712.5 | ||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
continued on next page
68
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CAPITALIZATION
Constellation Energy Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
At December 31, |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
|||||||
Minority Interests |
$ |
105.3 |
$ |
101.7 |
||||
BGE Preference Stock |
||||||||
Cumulative preference stock not subject to mandatory redemption, 6,500,000 shares authorized | ||||||||
7.125%, 1993 Series, 400,000 shares outstanding, not callable prior to July 1, 2003 | 40.0 | 40.0 | ||||||
6.97%, 1993 Series, 500,000 shares outstanding, not callable prior to October 1, 2003 | 50.0 | 50.0 | ||||||
6.70%, 1993 Series, 400,000 shares outstanding, not callable prior to January 1, 2004 | 40.0 | 40.0 | ||||||
6.99%, 1995 Series, 600,000 shares outstanding, not callable prior to October 1, 2005 | 60.0 | 60.0 | ||||||
Total preference stock not subject to mandatory redemption | 190.0 | 190.0 | ||||||
Common Shareholders' Equity | ||||||||
Common stock without par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized; 164,842,708 and 163,707,950 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. (At December 31, 2002, 18,000,000 shares were reserved for the long-term incentive plans, 11,451,868 shares were reserved for the Shareholder Investment Plan, 1,806,100 shares were reserved for the continuous offering programs, and 1,505,863 shares were reserved for the employee savings plan.) | 2,078.9 | 2,042.2 | ||||||
Retained earnings | 1,977.6 | 1,611.5 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (194.2 | ) | 189.9 | |||||
Total common shareholders' equity | 3,862.3 | 3,843.6 | ||||||
Total Capitalization | $ | 8,771.5 | $ | 6,847.8 | ||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year's presentation.
69
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Baltimore Gas and Electric Company and Subsidiaries
Year Ended December 31, |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
|||||||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||||
Electric revenues | $ | 1,966.0 | $ | 2,040.0 | $ | 2,135.2 | ||||||
Gas revenues | 581.3 | 680.7 | 611.6 | |||||||||
Total revenues | 2,547.3 | 2,720.7 | 2,746.8 | |||||||||
Expenses | ||||||||||||
Operating Expenses | ||||||||||||
Electric fuel and purchased energy | 1,080.7 | 1,192.8 | 870.7 | |||||||||
Gas purchased for resale | 316.7 | 401.3 | 350.6 | |||||||||
Operations and maintenance | 355.3 | 363.0 | 547.4 | |||||||||
Workforce reduction costs | 35.3 | 57.0 | 7.0 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 221.6 | 221.0 | 366.1 | |||||||||
Taxes other than income taxes | 171.4 | 173.8 | 192.6 | |||||||||
Total expenses | 2,181.0 | 2,408.9 | 2,334.4 | |||||||||
Income from Operations | 366.3 | 311.8 | 412.4 | |||||||||
Other Income | 10.7 | 0.4 | 7.5 | |||||||||
Fixed Charges | ||||||||||||
Interest expense | 142.1 | 156.2 | 187.2 | |||||||||
Allowance for borrowed funds used during construction | (1.5 | ) | (1.6 | ) | (3.2 | ) | ||||||
Total fixed charges | 140.6 | 154.6 | 184.0 | |||||||||
Income Before Income Taxes | 236.4 | 157.6 | 235.9 | |||||||||
Income Taxes | ||||||||||||
Current | 67.4 | 62.4 | 142.1 | |||||||||
Deferred | 28.0 | 0.2 | (44.4 | ) | ||||||||
Investment tax credit adjustments | (2.1 | ) | (2.3 | ) | (5.3 | ) | ||||||
Total income taxes | 93.3 | 60.3 | 92.4 | |||||||||
Net Income | 143.1 | 97.3 | 143.5 | |||||||||
Preference Stock Dividends | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.2 | |||||||||
Earnings Applicable to Common Stock | $ | 129.9 | $ | 84.1 | $ | 130.3 | ||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
70
Baltimore Gas and Electric Company and Subsidiaries
At December 31, |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
|||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||
Current Assets | ||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 10.2 | $ | 37.4 | ||||||
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for uncollectibles of $11.5 and $13.4, respectively) | 357.5 | 295.2 | ||||||||
Investment in cash pool, affiliated company | 338.1 | 439.1 | ||||||||
Accounts receivable, affiliated companies | 131.2 | 63.4 | ||||||||
Fuel stocks | 40.6 | 52.3 | ||||||||
Materials and supplies | 31.8 | 33.1 | ||||||||
Prepaid taxes other than income taxes | 42.0 | 43.8 | ||||||||
Other | 10.3 | 36.3 | ||||||||
Total current assets | 961.7 | 1,000.6 | ||||||||
Other Assets |
||||||||||
Receivable, affiliated company | 63.3 | 183.3 | ||||||||
Other | 85.9 | 74.5 | ||||||||
Total other assets | 149.2 | 257.8 | ||||||||
Utility Plant |
||||||||||
Plant in service | ||||||||||
Electric | 3,422.3 | 3,349.9 | ||||||||
Gas | 1,041.0 | 1,014.4 | ||||||||
Common | 489.1 | 498.1 | ||||||||
Total plant in service | 4,952.4 | 4,862.4 | ||||||||
Accumulated depreciation | (1,851.4 | ) | (1,751.4 | ) | ||||||
Net plant in service | 3,101.0 | 3,111.0 | ||||||||
Construction work in progress | 118.3 | 81.8 | ||||||||
Plant held for future use | 4.5 | 4.5 | ||||||||
Net utility plant | 3,223.8 | 3,197.3 | ||||||||
Deferred Charges |
||||||||||
Regulatory assets (net) | 405.7 | 463.8 | ||||||||
Other | 39.5 | 35.0 | ||||||||
Total deferred charges | 445.2 | 498.8 | ||||||||
Total Assets |
$ |
4,779.9 |
$ |
4,954.5 |
||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year's presentation.
71
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Baltimore Gas and Electric Company and Subsidiaries
At December 31, |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
||||||||
Liabilities and Equity | |||||||||
Current Liabilities | |||||||||
Current portions of long-term debt | $ | 420.7 | $ | 666.3 | |||||
Accounts payable | 103.2 | 63.6 | |||||||
Accounts payable, affiliated companies | 85.6 | 92.6 | |||||||
Customer deposits | 54.2 | 50.0 | |||||||
Accrued taxes | 9.0 | 7.6 | |||||||
Accrued interest | 31.4 | 37.0 | |||||||
Accrued vacation costs | 19.5 | 21.7 | |||||||
Other | 30.2 | 39.2 | |||||||
Total current liabilities | 753.8 | 978.0 | |||||||
Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities |
|||||||||
Deferred income taxes | 528.9 | 503.1 | |||||||
Postretirement and postemployment benefits | 278.0 | 266.1 | |||||||
Deferred investment tax credits | 20.5 | 22.7 | |||||||
Decommissioning of federal uranium enrichment facilities | 14.6 | 19.3 | |||||||
Other | 13.9 | 17.2 | |||||||
Total deferred credits and other liabilities | 855.9 | 828.4 | |||||||
Long-term Debt |
|||||||||
First refunding mortgage bonds of BGE | 904.9 | 1,040.7 | |||||||
Other long-term debt of BGE | 745.1 | 1,129.6 | |||||||
Company obligated mandatorily redeemable trust preferred securities of subsidiary trust holding solely 7.16% debentures of BGE due June 30, 2038 |
250.0 | 250.0 | |||||||
Long-term debt of nonregulated businesses | 25.0 | 71.0 | |||||||
Unamortized discount and premium | (5.2 | ) | (3.3 | ) | |||||
Current portion of long-term debt | (420.7 | ) | (666.3 | ) | |||||
Total long-term debt | 1,499.1 | 1,821.7 | |||||||
Minority Interest |
19.4 |
5.0 |
|||||||
Preference Stock Not Subject to Mandatory Redemption |
190.0 |
190.0 |
|||||||
Common Shareholder's Equity |
|||||||||
Common stock | 912.2 | 711.9 | |||||||
Retained earnings | 549.5 | 419.5 | |||||||
Total common shareholder's equity | 1,461.7 | 1,131.4 | |||||||
Commitments, Guarantees, and Contingencies (see Note 11) |
|||||||||
Total Liabilities and Equity |
$ |
4,779.9 |
$ |
4,954.5 |
|||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year's presentation.
72
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Baltimore Gas and Electric Company and Subsidiaries
Year Ended December 31, |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In millions) |
||||||||||||
Cash Flows From Operating Activities | |||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 143.1 | $ | 97.3 | $ | 143.5 | |||||||
Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 224.4 | 223.3 | 393.6 | ||||||||||
Deferred income taxes | 28.0 | 0.2 | (44.4 | ) | |||||||||
Investment tax credit adjustments | (2.1 | ) | (2.3 | ) | (5.3 | ) | |||||||
Deferred fuel costs | 23.9 | 37.6 | 2.8 | ||||||||||
Pension and postemployment benefits | (40.7 | ) | 14.7 | 16.1 | |||||||||
Allowance for equity funds used during construction | (2.8 | ) | (3.0 | ) | (2.6 | ) | |||||||
Workforce reduction costs | 35.3 | 57.0 | 7.0 | ||||||||||
Changes in | |||||||||||||
Accounts receivable | (62.3 | ) | 117.8 | (101.4 | ) | ||||||||
Receivables, affiliated companies | 52.2 | (113.5 | ) | (128.7 | ) | ||||||||
Materials, supplies and fuel stocks | 13.0 | (14.0 | ) | 11.1 | |||||||||
Other current assets | 27.8 | (30.5 | ) | 31.8 | |||||||||
Accounts payable | 39.6 | (55.7 | ) | (88.6 | ) | ||||||||
Accounts payable, affiliated companies | (7.0 | ) | (10.9 | ) | 98.8 | ||||||||
Other current liabilities | (11.2 | ) | (7.7 | ) | (7.1 | ) | |||||||
Other | 33.2 | 61.5 | 68.1 | ||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 494.4 | 371.8 | 394.7 | ||||||||||
Cash Flows From Investing Activities | |||||||||||||
Utility construction expenditures (excluding equity portion of AFC) | (216.7 | ) | (236.4 | ) | (309.5 | ) | |||||||
Investment in cash pool at parent | 101.0 | (441.1 | ) | 2.0 | |||||||||
Nuclear fuel expenditures | | | (39.5 | ) | |||||||||
Contributions to nuclear decommissioning trust fund | | | (8.8 | ) | |||||||||